List of Irish Victoria Cross recipients: Difference between revisions
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<!--[[File:Victoria Cross Medal Ribbon & Bar.png|thumb|upright|The Victoria Cross]]--> |
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[[File:Michael O'Leary WWI poster.jpg|thumb|140px|right|Army recruiting poster, 1915, featuring [[Michael O'Leary (VC)|Michael O'Leary]]]] |
[[File:Michael O'Leary WWI poster.jpg|thumb|140px|right|Army recruiting poster, 1915, featuring [[Michael O'Leary (VC)|Michael O'Leary]]]] |
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'''List of Irish Victoria Cross recipients''' lists all recipients of the [[Victoria Cross]] ([[post-nominal letters]] "VC") born on the island of Ireland, together with the date and place of their VC action. The Victoria Cross is the highest war honour of the [[British Empire]] and the [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. The whole island of Ireland was part of the United Kingdom until 1922 when it was [[Partition of Ireland|partitioned]] into [[Northern Ireland]] and the [[Irish Free State]]. |
'''List of Irish Victoria Cross recipients''' lists all recipients of the [[Victoria Cross]] ([[post-nominal letters]] "VC") born on the [[island of Ireland]], together with the date and place of their VC action. The Victoria Cross is the highest war honour of the [[British Empire]] and the [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. The whole island of Ireland was part of the United Kingdom until 1922 when it was [[Partition of Ireland|partitioned]] into [[Northern Ireland]] and the [[Irish Free State]]. On 18 April 1949, the Dominion of Ireland became the [[Republic of Ireland]] and left the Commonwealth as a result of the [[Republic of Ireland Act 1948]] coming into effect. Despite this, citizens of the Republic of Ireland still enlist in the British Army and thus are eligible for the Victoria Cross and other British honours. |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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⚫ | Established in 1856, the Victoria Cross has been awarded to service personnel for extraordinary valour and devotion to duty while facing a hostile force. Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could also be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy.<ref name="McCreery2015k">{{cite book |author=Christopher McCreery |title=The Canadian Honours System |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yj69BgAAQBAJ&pg=PT130 |year=2015 |publisher=Dundurn |isbn=978-1-4597-2417-4 |page=130}}</ref> Six people (four Irish, one [[English people|English]] and one [[Canadians|Canadian]]) were awarded Victoria Crosses under this clause (one [[Timothy O'Hea|in 1866]] during the [[Fenian raids]], five for a single incident in 1867 during the [[Andaman Islands Expedition]]), until it was amended in 1881 to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy".<ref name="McCreery2015k"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britishwargraves.org.uk/newsite/medals/Victoria_Cross.htm |title=VC background |publisher=British War Graves Memorial | |
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⚫ | Established in 1856, the Victoria Cross has been awarded to service personnel for extraordinary valour and devotion to duty while facing a hostile force. Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could also be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy.<ref name="McCreery2015k">{{cite book |author=Christopher McCreery |title=The Canadian Honours System |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yj69BgAAQBAJ&pg=PT130 |year=2015 |publisher=Dundurn |isbn=978-1-4597-2417-4 |page=130}}</ref> Six people (four Irish, one [[English people|English]] and one [[Canadians|Canadian]]) were awarded Victoria Crosses under this clause (one [[Timothy O'Hea|in 1866]] during the [[Fenian raids]], five for a single incident in 1867 during the [[Andaman Islands Expedition]]), until it was amended in 1881 to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy".<ref name="McCreery2015k"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britishwargraves.org.uk/newsite/medals/Victoria_Cross.htm |title=VC background |publisher=British War Graves Memorial |access-date=7 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006193449/http://www.britishwargraves.org.uk/newsite/medals/Victoria_Cross.htm |archive-date=6 October 2007 }}</ref> It was awarded to members of the [[British Armed Forces]] which included Irish service personnel until 1922. It is currently available to personnel of any rank in any service, and to allies serving under or with British Forces. It is the highest honour in the [[Commonwealth Realms orders and decorations|Commonwealth honours system]], placed before all other orders, decorations and medals. |
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⚫ | Both [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] and [[Protestant]] officers and servicemen born in Ireland served alongside each other in the British Military.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Karsten |first=Peter |year=1983 |title=Irish Soldiers in the British Army, |
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⚫ | Both [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] and [[Protestant]] officers and servicemen born in Ireland served alongside each other in the British Military.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Karsten |first=Peter |year=1983 |title=Irish Soldiers in the British Army, 1792–1922: Suborned or Subordinate |journal=Journal of Social History |volume= 17 |issue=1 |pages=31–64 |doi=10.1353/jsh/17.1.31}}</ref> During the previous two centuries they had a common military background, and irrespective of class or creed many were decorated with the British highest award for valour. 30 Irish VCs were awarded in the [[Crimean War]], 59 Irish VCs in the [[Indian Mutiny]], 46 Irish VCs in numerous other [[British Empire]] campaigns between 1857 and 1914, 37 Irish VCs in World War I, and eight Irish VCs in World War II. |
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==Recipients== |
==Recipients== |
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{{legend2|#e3d9ff;|This along with the * indicates that the Victoria Cross was awarded posthumously|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
{{legend2|#e3d9ff;|This along with the * indicates that the Victoria Cross was awarded posthumously|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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!Name!!Date of action!!Conflict!!Unit!!Place of action!!class="unsortable"|Notes |
!Name!!Date of action!!Conflict!!Unit!!Place of action!!class="unsortable"|Notes |
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|{{sortname|James|Adams|James |
|{{sortname|James|Adams|James Adams (chaplain)}}||align="center"|1879||[[Second Afghan War]]||[[British Indian Army]]||[[Killa Kazi]], [[Afghanistan]]|| |
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|{{sortname|Augustus|Agar}}||align="center"|1919||[[British Campaign in the Baltic 1918-19|Baltic Campaign 1918]]||[[HM Coastal Motor Boat 4]]||[[Kronstadt]], Russia|| |
|{{sortname|Augustus|Agar}}||align="center"|1919||[[British Campaign in the Baltic 1918-19|Baltic Campaign 1918]]||[[HM Coastal Motor Boat 4]]||[[Kronstadt]], Russia|| |
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|{{sortname|Charles|Anderson|Charles Anderson (VC)}}||align="center"|1858||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">002</span>[[2nd Queen's Dragoon Guards]]||[[Sandila]], India|| |
|{{sortname|Charles|Anderson|Charles Anderson (VC)}}||align="center"|1858||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">002</span>[[2nd Queen's Dragoon Guards]]||[[Sandila]], India|| |
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|{{sortname|John|Barry|John Barry (VC)}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1901*||[[Second Boer War]]||[[Royal Irish Regiment ( |
|{{sortname|John|Barry|John Barry (VC)}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1901*||[[Second Boer War]]||[[Royal Irish Regiment (1684–1922)|Royal Irish Regiment]]||[[Monument Hill, South Africa]]|| |
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|{{sortname|David|Bell|David Bell (VC)}}||align="center"|1867||[[Andaman Islands Expedition]]||<span style="display:none">024</span>[[South Wales Borderers|24th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Little Andaman]], India||align="center"|<ref name="Andaman exception">Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy. Five people were awarded Victoria Crosses when they manned a boat to rescue their comrades who had been sent to the [[Andaman Islands]] on an investigation. This rule was changed in 1881 to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy".{{cite web |url=http://www.britishwargraves.org.uk/newsite/medals/Victoria_Cross.htm |title=VC background |publisher=British War Graves Memorial | |
|{{sortname|David|Bell|David Bell (VC)}}||align="center"|1867||[[Andaman Islands Expedition]]||<span style="display:none">024</span>[[South Wales Borderers|24th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Little Andaman]], India||align="center"|<ref name="Andaman exception">Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy. Five people were awarded Victoria Crosses when they manned a boat to rescue their comrades who had been sent to the [[Andaman Islands]] on an investigation. This rule was changed in 1881 to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy".{{cite web |url=http://www.britishwargraves.org.uk/newsite/medals/Victoria_Cross.htm |title=VC background |publisher=British War Graves Memorial |access-date=7 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006193449/http://www.britishwargraves.org.uk/newsite/medals/Victoria_Cross.htm |archive-date=6 October 2007 }}</ref> |
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|{{sortname|Edward|Bell|Edward William Derrington Bell}}||align="center"|1854||[[Crimean War]]||<span style="display:none">023</span>[[Royal Welch Fusiliers|23rd Regiment of Foot]]||[[Battle of Alma|Alma]], [[Crimea]]|| |
|{{sortname|Edward|Bell|Edward William Derrington Bell}}||align="center"|1854||[[Crimean War]]||<span style="display:none">023</span>[[Royal Welch Fusiliers|23rd Regiment of Foot]]||[[Battle of Alma|Alma]], [[Crimea]]|| |
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|{{sortname|Alexander|Cobbe}}||align="center"|1902||[[Somaliland Campaign]]||[[King's African Rifles]]||[[Erego]], [[Somaliland]]|| |
|{{sortname|Alexander|Cobbe}}||align="center"|1902||[[Somaliland Campaign]]||[[King's African Rifles]]||[[Erego]], [[Somaliland]]|| |
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|{{sortname|William|Coffey}}||align="center"|1855||[[Crimean War]]||<span style="display:none">034</span>[[34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot|34th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)|Sevastopol]], [[Crimea]]|| |
|{{sortname|William|Coffey|dab=VC}}||align="center"|1855||[[Crimean War]]||<span style="display:none">034</span>[[34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot|34th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)|Sevastopol]], [[Crimea]]|| |
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|{{sortname|Nevill|Coghill|Nevill Coghill (VC)}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1879*||[[Anglo-Zulu War]]||<span style="display:none">024</span>[[South Wales Borderers|24th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Battle of Isandhlwana|Isandhlwana]][[South Africa]]|| |
|{{sortname|Nevill|Coghill|Nevill Coghill (VC)}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1879*||[[Anglo-Zulu War]]||<span style="display:none">024</span>[[South Wales Borderers|24th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Battle of Isandhlwana|Isandhlwana]] [[South Africa]]|| |
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|{{sortname|Hugh|Colvin}}||align="center"|1917||First World War||[[Cheshire Regiment]]||[[Ypres]], Belgium|| |
|{{sortname|Hugh|Colvin}}||align="center"|1917||First World War||[[Cheshire Regiment]]||[[Ypres]], Belgium|| |
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|{{sortname|John|Connors}}||align="center"|1855||[[Crimean War]]||<span style="display:none">003</span>[[Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment)|3rd Regiment of Foot]]||[[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)|Sevastopol]], [[Crimea]]|| |
|{{sortname|John|Connors|John Connors (VC)}}||align="center"|1855||[[Crimean War]]||<span style="display:none">003</span>[[Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment)|3rd Regiment of Foot]]||[[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)|Sevastopol]], [[Crimea]]|| |
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|{{sortname|John|Conolly|John Augustus Conolly}}||align="center"|1854||[[Crimean War]]||<span style="display:none">049</span>[[Royal Berkshire Regiment|49th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)|Sevastopol]], [[Crimea]]|| |
|{{sortname|John|Conolly|John Augustus Conolly}}||align="center"|1854||[[Crimean War]]||<span style="display:none">049</span>[[Royal Berkshire Regiment|49th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)|Sevastopol]], [[Crimea]]|| |
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|{{sortname|Garrett|Creagh|O'Moore Creagh}}||align="center"|1879||[[Second Afghan War]]||[[Bombay Staff Corps]]||[[Kam Dakka]], [[Afghanistan]]|| |
|{{sortname|Garrett|Creagh|O'Moore Creagh}}||align="center"|1879||[[Second Afghan War]]||[[Bombay Staff Corps]]||[[Kam Dakka]], [[Afghanistan]]|| |
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|{{sortname|Thomas| |
|{{sortname|Thomas|Crean}}||align="center"|1901||[[Second Boer War]]||[[Imperial Light Horse]]||[[Tygerkloof Spruit]], [[South Africa]]|| |
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|{{sortname|James|Crichton|James Crichton (VC)}}||align="center"|1918||First World War||[[New Zealand Expeditionary Force]]||[[Crèvecœur-le-Grand|Crèvecœur]], France|| |
|{{sortname|James|Crichton|James Crichton (VC)}}||align="center"|1918||First World War||[[New Zealand Expeditionary Force]]||[[Crèvecœur-le-Grand|Crèvecœur]], France|| |
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|{{sortname|John|Crimmin}}||align="center"|1889||[[ |
|{{sortname|John|Crimmin}}||align="center"|1889||[[Karenni Expedition]]||[[Bombay Medical Service]]||[[Lwekaw]], [[Burma]]|| |
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|{{sortname|John|Cunningham|John Cunningham (Irish VC)}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1917*||First World War||[[Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment]]||[[Bois-en-Hache]], France|| |
|{{sortname|John|Cunningham|John Cunningham (Irish VC)}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1917*||First World War||[[Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment]]||[[Bois-en-Hache]], France|| |
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|{{sortname|John|Danaher}}||align="center"|1881||[[First Boer War]]||[[Nourse's Horse (Transvaal)]]||[[Elandsfontein]], [[South Africa]]|| |
|{{sortname|John|Danaher|dab=VC}}||align="center"|1881||[[First Boer War]]||[[Nourse's Horse (Transvaal)]]||[[Alberton, South Africa|Elandsfontein]], [[South Africa]]|| |
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|{{sortname|Maurice|Dease}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1914*||First World War||[[Royal Fusiliers]]||[[Mons]], Belgium|| |
|{{sortname|Maurice|Dease}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1914*||First World War||[[Royal Fusiliers]]||[[Mons, Belgium|Mons]], Belgium|| |
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|{{sortname|Denis|Dempsey}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">010</span>[[10th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Lucknow]], India|| |
|{{sortname|Denis|Dempsey}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">010</span>[[10th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Lucknow]], India|| |
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|{{sortname|William|Dowling|William Dowling (VC)}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">032</span>[[32nd (Cornwall) Regiment of Foot|32nd Regiment of Foot]]||[[Lucknow]], India|| |
|{{sortname|William|Dowling|William Dowling (VC)}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">032</span>[[32nd (Cornwall) Regiment of Foot|32nd Regiment of Foot]]||[[Lucknow]], India|| |
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|{{sortname|Martin|Doyle}}||align="center"|1918||First World War||[[Royal Munster Fusiliers]]||[[Reincourt]], France|| |
|{{sortname|Martin|Doyle|dab=VC}}||align="center"|1918||First World War||[[Royal Munster Fusiliers]]||[[Reincourt]], France|| |
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|{{sortname|James|Duffy|James Duffy (VC)}}||align="center"|1917||First World War||[[Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers]]||[[Kereina Peak]], [[State of Palestine|Palestine]]|| |
|{{sortname|James|Duffy|James Duffy (VC)}}||align="center"|1917||First World War||[[Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers]]||[[Kereina Peak]], [[State of Palestine|Palestine]]|| |
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|{{sortname|Eugene|Esmonde}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1942*||Second World War||<span style="display:none">825</span>[[825 Naval Air Squadron]]||[[Straits of Dover]]|| |
|{{sortname|Eugene|Esmonde}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1942*||Second World War||<span style="display:none">825</span>[[825 Naval Air Squadron]]||[[Straits of Dover]]|| |
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|{{sortname|Thomas|Esmonde|Thomas Esmonde (VC)}}||align="center"|1855||[[Crimean War]]||<span style="display:none">018</span>[[Royal Irish Regiment ( |
|{{sortname|Thomas|Esmonde|Thomas Esmonde (VC)}}||align="center"|1855||[[Crimean War]]||<span style="display:none">018</span>[[Royal Irish Regiment (1684–1922)|18th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)|Sevastopol]], [[Crimea]]|| |
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|{{sortname|John|Farrell|John Farrell (VC)}}||align="center"|1854||[[Crimean War]]||<span style="display:none">017</span>[[17th Lancers]]||[[Balaklava]], [[Crimea]]|| |
|{{sortname|John|Farrell|John Farrell (VC)}}||align="center"|1854||[[Crimean War]]||<span style="display:none">017</span>[[17th Lancers]]||[[Balaklava]], [[Crimea]]|| |
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|{{sortname|Peter|Grant|Peter Grant (VC)}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">093</span>[[93rd Regiment of Foot]]||[[Lucknow]], India|| |
|{{sortname|Peter|Grant|Peter Grant (VC)}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">093</span>[[93rd Regiment of Foot]]||[[Lucknow]], India|| |
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|{{sortname|Patrick|Green}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">075</span>[[Gordon Highlanders|75th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Delhi]], India|| |
|{{sortname|Patrick|Green|dab=VC}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">075</span>[[Gordon Highlanders|75th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Delhi]], India|| |
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|{{sortname|William|Griffiths|William Griffiths (VC)}}||align="center"|1867||[[Andaman Islands Expedition]]||<span style="display:none">024</span>[[South Wales Borderers|24th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Little Andaman]], India||align="center"|<ref name="Andaman exception"/> |
|{{sortname|William|Griffiths|William Griffiths (VC)}}||align="center"|1867||[[Andaman Islands Expedition]]||<span style="display:none">024</span>[[South Wales Borderers|24th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Little Andaman]], India||align="center"|<ref name="Andaman exception"/> |
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|{{sortname|Richard|Kelliher}}||align="center"|1943||Second World War||<span style="display:none">Australian</span>[[Second Australian Imperial Force|Australian Imperial Force]]||[[New Guinea]], Pacific|| |
|{{sortname|Richard|Kelliher}}||align="center"|1943||Second World War||<span style="display:none">Australian</span>[[Second Australian Imperial Force|Australian Imperial Force]]||[[New Guinea]], Pacific|| |
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|{{sortname|Henry|Kelly|Henry Kelly (VC)}}||align="center"|1916||First World War||[[Duke of Wellington's Regiment]]||[[Le Sars]], France||align="center"|<ref>Kelly is considered an Irish recipient as well as English, due to Irish parentage.<br/>{{cite web|url=http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/celebs/military2.html |title=Manchester Military & Civilian Heroes (2) |publisher=Papillon Graphics' Virtual Encyclopaedia of Greater Manchester |date=2007 |
|{{sortname|Henry|Kelly|Henry Kelly (VC)}}||align="center"|1916||First World War||[[Duke of Wellington's Regiment]]||[[Le Sars]], France||align="center"|<ref>Kelly is considered an Irish recipient as well as English, due to Irish parentage.<br/>{{cite web|url=http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/celebs/military2.html |title=Manchester Military & Civilian Heroes (2) |publisher=Papillon Graphics' Virtual Encyclopaedia of Greater Manchester |date=7 December 2007 |access-date=7 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327115538/http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/celebs/military2.html |archive-date=27 March 2008 }}</ref> |
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|{{sortname|William|Kenealy}}||align="center"|1915||First World War||[[Lancashire Fusiliers]]||[[Gallipoli]], Turkey|| |
|{{sortname|William|Kenealy}}||align="center"|1915||First World War||[[Lancashire Fusiliers]]||[[Gallipoli]], Turkey|| |
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|{{sortname|Owen|Lloyd|Owen Edward Pennefather Lloyd}}||align="center"|1893||[[Kachin State|Kachin Expedition]]||<span style="display:none">Army Medical Services</span>[[Royal Army Medical Corps|Army Medical Service]]||[[Fort Sima]], [[Burma]]|| |
|{{sortname|Owen|Lloyd|Owen Edward Pennefather Lloyd}}||align="center"|1893||[[Kachin State|Kachin Expedition]]||<span style="display:none">Army Medical Services</span>[[Royal Army Medical Corps|Army Medical Service]]||[[Fort Sima]], [[Burma]]|| |
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|{{sortname|David|Lord}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1944*||Second World War||[[No. 271 Squadron RAF]]||[[Battle of Arnhem]], Netherlands|| |
|{{sortname|David|Lord|David Lord (officer)}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1944*||Second World War||[[No. 271 Squadron RAF]]||[[Battle of Arnhem]], Netherlands|| |
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|{{sortname|Charles|Lucas|Charles Davis Lucas}}||align="center"|1854||[[Crimean War]]||{{HMS|Hecla|1839|6}}||[[Åland |
|{{sortname|Charles|Lucas|Charles Davis Lucas}}||align="center"|1854||[[Crimean War]]||{{HMS|Hecla|1839|6}}||[[Åland]], Finland||align="center"|<ref>The earliest action for which the VC was awarded (First [[Battle of Bomarsund]], 21 June 1854).</ref> |
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|{{sortname|John|Lucas|John Lucas (VC)}}||align="center"|1861||[[First Taranaki War]]||<span style="display:none">040</span>[[40th (2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot|40th Regiment of Foot]] ||New Zealand|| |
|{{sortname|John|Lucas|John Lucas (VC)}}||align="center"|1861||[[First Taranaki War]]||<span style="display:none">040</span>[[40th (2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot|40th Regiment of Foot]] ||New Zealand|| |
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|{{sortname|Patrick|Mahoney}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1857*||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">102</span>[[102nd Regiment of Foot (Royal Madras Fusiliers)|102nd Madras Fusiliers]] ||[[Mungulwar]], India|| |
|{{sortname|Patrick|Mahoney}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1857*||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">102</span>[[102nd Regiment of Foot (Royal Madras Fusiliers)|102nd Madras Fusiliers]] ||[[Mungulwar]], India|| |
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|{{sortname|William|Manley|William George Nicholas Manley}}||align="center"|1864||[[New Zealand |
|{{sortname|William|Manley|William George Nicholas Manley}}||align="center"|1864||[[New Zealand Wars]]||[[Royal Artillery]]||[[Tauranga]], New Zealand|| |
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|{{sortname|Edward|Mannock}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1918*||First World War||[[No. 74 Squadron RAF]]||[[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]|| |
|{{sortname|Edward|Mannock}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1918*||First World War||[[No. 74 Squadron RAF]]||[[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]|| |
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|{{sortname|Hans|Moore|Hans Garrett Moore}}||align="center"|1877||[[Cape Frontier Wars]]||<span style="display:none">088</span>[[Connaught Rangers|88th Regiment]]||[[Komgha]], [[South Africa]]|| |
|{{sortname|Hans|Moore|Hans Garrett Moore}}||align="center"|1877||[[Cape Frontier Wars]]||<span style="display:none">088</span>[[Connaught Rangers|88th Regiment]]||[[Komgha]], [[South Africa]]|| |
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|{{sortname|Robert|Morrow}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1915*||First World War||[[Royal Irish Fusiliers]]||[[Mesen|Messines]], Belgium|| |
|{{sortname|Robert|Morrow|Robert Morrow (VC)}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1915*||First World War||[[Royal Irish Fusiliers]]||[[Mesen|Messines]], Belgium|| |
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|{{sortname|John|Moyney}}||align="center"|1917||First World War||[[Irish Guards]]||[[Broembeek]], Belgium|| |
|{{sortname|John|Moyney}}||align="center"|1917||First World War||[[Irish Guards]]||[[Broembeek]], Belgium|| |
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|{{sortname|Thomas|Murphy|Thomas Murphy (VC)}}||align="center"|1867||[[Andaman Islands Expedition]]||<span style="display:none">024</span>[[South Wales Borderers|24th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Little Andaman]], India||align="center"|<ref name="Andaman exception"/> |
|{{sortname|Thomas|Murphy|Thomas Murphy (VC)}}||align="center"|1867||[[Andaman Islands Expedition]]||<span style="display:none">024</span>[[South Wales Borderers|24th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Little Andaman]], India||align="center"|<ref name="Andaman exception"/> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|James|Murray|James Murray (VC)}}||align="center"|1881||[[First Boer War]]||<span style="display:none">088</span>[[Connaught Rangers|88th Regiment]] ||[[Elandsfontein]], [[South Africa]]|| |
|{{sortname|James|Murray|James Murray (VC)}}||align="center"|1881||[[First Boer War]]||<span style="display:none">088</span>[[Connaught Rangers|88th Regiment]] ||[[Alberton, South Africa|Elandsfontein]], [[South Africa]]|| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|John|Murray|John Murray (VC)}}||align="center"|1864||[[New Zealand |
|{{sortname|John|Murray|John Murray (VC)}}||align="center"|1864||[[New Zealand Wars]]||<span style="display:none">068</span>[[68th (Durham) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry)|68th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Tauranga]], New Zealand|| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|Patrick|Mylott}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">084</span>[[84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot|84th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Lucknow]], India|| |
|{{sortname|Patrick|Mylott}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">084</span>[[84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot|84th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Lucknow]], India|| |
||
|- |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{sortname|Michael|John O'Leary|Michael John O'Leary}}||align="center"|1917||[[First World War]]||[[Irish Guards]]||[[Cuinchy]], France|| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|William|Nash|William Nash (VC)}}||align="center"|1858||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||[[Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own)|Rifle Brigade]]||[[Lucknow]], India|| |
|{{sortname|William|Nash|William Nash (VC)}}||align="center"|1858||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||[[Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own)|Rifle Brigade]]||[[Lucknow]], India|| |
||
Line 322: | Line 330: | ||
|{{sortname|Luke|O'Connor}}||align="center"|1854||[[Crimean War]]||<span style="display:none">023</span>[[Royal Welch Fusiliers|23rd Regiment of Foot]]||[[Battle of the Alma|Alma]], [[Crimea]]||align="center"|<ref>The earliest action for which the VC was awarded to a soldier (20 September 1854).</ref> |
|{{sortname|Luke|O'Connor}}||align="center"|1854||[[Crimean War]]||<span style="display:none">023</span>[[Royal Welch Fusiliers|23rd Regiment of Foot]]||[[Battle of the Alma|Alma]], [[Crimea]]||align="center"|<ref>The earliest action for which the VC was awarded to a soldier (20 September 1854).</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|Timothy|O'Hea}}||align="center"|1866||Fenian raids on Canada||[[Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own)|Rifle Brigade]]||[[Danville, Quebec]], Canada||align="center"|<ref>Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy. Six in total were awarded for actions taken not in the face of the enemy. O'Hea single-handedly put out a fire in an ammunition railway car, for which he was awarded the VC. This rule was changed in 1881 to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy".{{cite web |url=http://www.britishwargraves.org.uk/newsite/medals/Victoria_Cross.htm |title=VC background |publisher=British War Graves Memorial | |
|{{sortname|Timothy|O'Hea}}||align="center"|1866||Fenian raids on Canada||[[Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own)|Rifle Brigade]]||[[Danville, Quebec]], Canada||align="center"|<ref>Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy. Six in total were awarded for actions taken not in the face of the enemy. O'Hea single-handedly put out a fire in an ammunition railway car, for which he was awarded the VC. This rule was changed in 1881 to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy".{{cite web |url=http://www.britishwargraves.org.uk/newsite/medals/Victoria_Cross.htm |title=VC background |publisher=British War Graves Memorial |access-date=7 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006193449/http://www.britishwargraves.org.uk/newsite/medals/Victoria_Cross.htm |archive-date=6 October 2007 }}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|Michael|O'Leary|Michael O'Leary (VC)}}||align="center"|1915||First World War||[[Irish Guards]]||[[Cuinchy]], France|| |
|{{sortname|Michael|John|O'Leary|Michael John O'Leary (VC)}}||align="center"|1915||First World War||[[Irish Guards]]||[[Cuinchy]], France|| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|William|Olpherts}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||[[Bengal Artillery]]||[[Lucknow]], India|| |
|{{sortname|William|Olpherts}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||[[Bengal Artillery]]||[[Lucknow]], India|| |
||
Line 358: | Line 366: | ||
|{{sortname|Richard|Ridgeway|Richard Kirby Ridgeway}}||align="center"|1879||[[Naga Hills Expedition]]||[[Bengal Staff Corps]]||[[Konoma]], India|| |
|{{sortname|Richard|Ridgeway|Richard Kirby Ridgeway}}||align="center"|1879||[[Naga Hills Expedition]]||[[Bengal Staff Corps]]||[[Konoma]], India|| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|Frederick|Roberts|Frederick |
|{{sortname|Frederick|Roberts|Frederick Roberts (British Army officer)}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1899*||[[Second Boer War]]||[[King's Royal Rifle Corps]]||[[Battle of Colenso|Colenso]], [[South Africa]]|| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|Clement|Robertson}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1917*||First World War||[[Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)|Queen's Royal Regiment]]||[[Zonnebeke]], Belgium|| |
|{{sortname|Clement|Robertson}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1917*||First World War||[[Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)|Queen's Royal Regiment]]||[[Zonnebeke]], Belgium|| |
||
Line 370: | Line 378: | ||
|{{sortname|John|Ryan|John Ryan (VC 1857)}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">102</span>[[102nd Regiment of Foot (Royal Madras Fusiliers)|102nd Madras Fusiliers]]||[[Lucknow]], India|| |
|{{sortname|John|Ryan|John Ryan (VC 1857)}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">102</span>[[102nd Regiment of Foot (Royal Madras Fusiliers)|102nd Madras Fusiliers]]||[[Lucknow]], India|| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|John|Ryan|John Ryan (VC 1863)}}||align="center"|1863||[[New Zealand |
|{{sortname|John|Ryan|John Ryan (VC 1863)}}||align="center"|1863||[[New Zealand Wars]]||<span style="display:none">065</span>[[65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot|65th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Cameron Town]], New Zealand|| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|Miles|Ryan}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">101</span>[[101st Regiment of Foot (Royal Bengal Fusiliers)|101st Regiment of Foot]]||[[Delhi]], India|| |
|{{sortname|Miles|Ryan}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">101</span>[[101st Regiment of Foot (Royal Bengal Fusiliers)|101st Regiment of Foot]]||[[Delhi]], India|| |
||
Line 380: | Line 388: | ||
|{{sortname|Michael|Sleavon}}||align="center"|1858||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||[[Royal Engineers]]||[[Jhansi]], India|| |
|{{sortname|Michael|Sleavon}}||align="center"|1858||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||[[Royal Engineers]]||[[Jhansi]], India|| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|Frederick|Smith|Frederick Augustus Smith}}||align="center"|1864||[[New Zealand |
|{{sortname|Frederick|Smith|Frederick Augustus Smith}}||align="center"|1864||[[New Zealand Wars]]||<span style="display:none">043</span>[[Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry|43rd Regiment of Foot]]||[[Tauranga]], New Zealand|| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|Philip|Smith|Philip Smith (VC)}}||align="center"|1855||[[Crimean War]]||<span style="display:none">017</span>[[Royal Leicestershire Regiment|17th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)|Sevastopol]], [[Crimea]]|| |
|{{sortname|Philip|Smith|Philip Smith (VC)}}||align="center"|1855||[[Crimean War]]||<span style="display:none">017</span>[[Royal Leicestershire Regiment|17th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)|Sevastopol]], [[Crimea]]|| |
||
Line 386: | Line 394: | ||
|{{sortname|James|Somers}}||align="center"|1915||First World War||[[Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers]]||[[Gallipoli]], Turkey|| |
|{{sortname|James|Somers}}||align="center"|1915||First World War||[[Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers]]||[[Gallipoli]], Turkey|| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|Dudley|Stagpoole}}||align="center"|1863||[[New Zealand |
|{{sortname|Dudley|Stagpoole}}||align="center"|1863||[[New Zealand Wars]]||<span style="display:none">057</span>[[57th (West Middlesex) Regiment of Foot|57th Regiment of Foot]]||[[Poutoko]], New Zealand|| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|John|Sullivan|John Sullivan (VC)}}||align="center"|1855||[[Crimean War]]||[[Naval Brigade]]||[[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)|Sevastopol]], [[Crimea]]|| |
|{{sortname|John|Sullivan|John Sullivan (VC)}}||align="center"|1855||[[Crimean War]]||[[Naval Brigade]]||[[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)|Sevastopol]], [[Crimea]]|| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|William|Temple|William Temple (VC)}}||align="center"|1863||[[New Zealand |
|{{sortname|William|Temple|William Temple (VC)}}||align="center"|1863||[[New Zealand Wars]]||[[Royal Artillery]]||[[Rangiriri]], New Zealand|| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{sortname|James|Travers}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">002</span>[[2nd Bengal Native Infantry]]||[[Indore]], India|| |
|{{sortname|James|Travers}}||align="center"|1857||[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]||<span style="display:none">002</span>[[2nd Bengal Native Infantry]]||[[Indore]], India|| |
||
Line 406: | Line 414: | ||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
*[[Irish in the British Armed Forces]] |
*[[Irish in the British Armed Forces]] |
||
==References== |
==References== |
||
;Footnotes |
|||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
===Bibliography=== |
|||
*{{cite book |
*{{cite book |
||
|last = Ashcroft |
|last = Ashcroft |
||
|first = Michael |
|first = Michael |
||
| |
|author-link = Michael Ashcroft |
||
|title = Victoria Cross Heroes |
|title = Victoria Cross Heroes |
||
|publisher = Headline Book Publishing |
|publisher = Headline Book Publishing |
||
|year = 2006 |
|year = 2006 |
||
⚫ | |||
|doi = |
|||
|url-access = registration |
|||
⚫ | |||
|url = https://archive.org/details/victoriacrossher0000ashc |
|||
}} |
|||
*{{cite book |
*{{cite book |
||
|last=Doherty |
|last=Doherty |
||
Line 433: | Line 444: | ||
|last = Harvey |
|last = Harvey |
||
|first = David |
|first = David |
||
| |
|author-link = David Charles Harvey |
||
|title = [[Monuments to Courage]] |
|title = [[Monuments to Courage]] |
||
|publisher = Naval & Military Press Ltd |
|publisher = Naval & Military Press Ltd |
||
|year = 2000 |
|year = 2000 |
||
|doi = |
|||
|isbn =1-84342-356-1}} |
|isbn =1-84342-356-1}} |
||
;Archives |
;Archives |
||
* [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/victoriacross.asp Victoria Cross Registers] online index to Victoria Cross awards at the National Archives site |
* [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/victoriacross.asp Victoria Cross Registers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606185903/http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/victoriacross.asp |date=6 June 2011 }} online index to Victoria Cross awards at the National Archives site |
||
* [http://www.antiquesatoz.com/stephenherold/vc/vcwarent.htm The original VC warrant and comments on some amendments to 1898. |
* [http://www.antiquesatoz.com/stephenherold/vc/vcwarent.htm The original VC warrant and comments on some amendments to 1898.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509183945/http://www.antiquesatoz.com/stephenherold/vc/vcwarent.htm |date=9 May 2008 }} |
||
* [http://www.victoriacross.co.uk/ Victoria Cross Research page] |
* [http://www.victoriacross.co.uk/ Victoria Cross Research page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716170938/http://www.victoriacross.co.uk/ |date=16 July 2011 }} |
||
* [http://www.ukniwm.org.uk/server/show/nav.002006002 Search UK National Inventory of War Memorial for memorials in the UK commemorating VC winners] Select 'War' type of 'VC or GC Winners' |
* [http://www.ukniwm.org.uk/server/show/nav.002006002 Search UK National Inventory of War Memorial for memorials in the UK commemorating VC winners] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519084738/http://www.ukniwm.org.uk/server/show/nav.002006002 |date=19 May 2011 }} Select 'War' type of 'VC or GC Winners' |
||
{{Victoria Cross recipients}} |
{{Victoria Cross recipients}} |
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Line 453: | Line 463: | ||
[[Category:Irish recipients of the Victoria Cross| ]] |
[[Category:Irish recipients of the Victoria Cross| ]] |
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[[Category:Lists of Irish people by occupation|Victoria Cross]] |
[[Category:Lists of Irish people by occupation|Victoria Cross]] |
||
[[Category:Ireland and the Commonwealth of Nations]] |
Latest revision as of 21:45, 6 June 2024
List of Irish Victoria Cross recipients lists all recipients of the Victoria Cross (post-nominal letters "VC") born on the island of Ireland, together with the date and place of their VC action. The Victoria Cross is the highest war honour of the British Empire and the Commonwealth of Nations. The whole island of Ireland was part of the United Kingdom until 1922 when it was partitioned into Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State. On 18 April 1949, the Dominion of Ireland became the Republic of Ireland and left the Commonwealth as a result of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 coming into effect. Despite this, citizens of the Republic of Ireland still enlist in the British Army and thus are eligible for the Victoria Cross and other British honours.
Background
[edit]Established in 1856, the Victoria Cross has been awarded to service personnel for extraordinary valour and devotion to duty while facing a hostile force. Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could also be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy.[1] Six people (four Irish, one English and one Canadian) were awarded Victoria Crosses under this clause (one in 1866 during the Fenian raids, five for a single incident in 1867 during the Andaman Islands Expedition), until it was amended in 1881 to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy".[1][2] It was awarded to members of the British Armed Forces which included Irish service personnel until 1922. It is currently available to personnel of any rank in any service, and to allies serving under or with British Forces. It is the highest honour in the Commonwealth honours system, placed before all other orders, decorations and medals.
Both Catholic and Protestant officers and servicemen born in Ireland served alongside each other in the British Military.[3] During the previous two centuries they had a common military background, and irrespective of class or creed many were decorated with the British highest award for valour. 30 Irish VCs were awarded in the Crimean War, 59 Irish VCs in the Indian Mutiny, 46 Irish VCs in numerous other British Empire campaigns between 1857 and 1914, 37 Irish VCs in World War I, and eight Irish VCs in World War II.
Recipients
[edit]This along with the * indicates that the Victoria Cross was awarded posthumously
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Christopher McCreery (2015). The Canadian Honours System. Dundurn. p. 130. ISBN 978-1-4597-2417-4.
- ^ "VC background". British War Graves Memorial. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
- ^ Karsten, Peter (1983). "Irish Soldiers in the British Army, 1792–1922: Suborned or Subordinate". Journal of Social History. 17 (1): 31–64. doi:10.1353/jsh/17.1.31.
- ^ a b c Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy. Five people were awarded Victoria Crosses when they manned a boat to rescue their comrades who had been sent to the Andaman Islands on an investigation. This rule was changed in 1881 to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy"."VC background". British War Graves Memorial. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
- ^ Kelly is considered an Irish recipient as well as English, due to Irish parentage.
"Manchester Military & Civilian Heroes (2)". Papillon Graphics' Virtual Encyclopaedia of Greater Manchester. 7 December 2007. Archived from the original on 27 March 2008. Retrieved 7 April 2008. - ^ The earliest action for which the VC was awarded (First Battle of Bomarsund, 21 June 1854).
- ^ The only native of Northern Ireland to receive the VC for action in the Second World War.
- ^ Mullane was born in India. He is considered an Irish recipient by parentage
Doherty, Truesdale, 2000 - ^ Michael Murphy was one eight VC recipients whose award was forfeited. Although King George V in 1920 expressed the view that the VC should not be forfeited, the medals of Murphy and the other seven were not restored. List of Recipients of the Victoria Cross, The War Office (MS3), January 1953, note, page 7.
- ^ The earliest action for which the VC was awarded to a soldier (20 September 1854).
- ^ Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy. Six in total were awarded for actions taken not in the face of the enemy. O'Hea single-handedly put out a fire in an ammunition railway car, for which he was awarded the VC. This rule was changed in 1881 to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy"."VC background". British War Graves Memorial. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2008.
- ^ Scott was born in Manchester, England. He is considered an Irish recipient by parentage.
Doherty, Truesdale, 2000
Bibliography
[edit]- Ashcroft, Michael (2006). Victoria Cross Heroes. Headline Book Publishing. ISBN 0-7553-1632-0.
- Doherty, Richard; Truesdale, David (July 2000). Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross. Four Courts Pr Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85182-442-7.
- Harvey, David (2000). Monuments to Courage. Naval & Military Press Ltd. ISBN 1-84342-356-1.
- Archives
- Victoria Cross Registers Archived 6 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine online index to Victoria Cross awards at the National Archives site
- The original VC warrant and comments on some amendments to 1898. Archived 9 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- Victoria Cross Research page Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- Search UK National Inventory of War Memorial for memorials in the UK commemorating VC winners Archived 19 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine Select 'War' type of 'VC or GC Winners'