Haplogroup J (Y-DNA): Difference between revisions

Haplogroup J-M304
Haplogroup J-M304
Possible time of origin	42,900 years ago
Coalescence age	31,600 years ago
Possible place of origin	Western Asia
Ancestor	IJ
Descendants	J-M172, J-M267
Defining mutations	M304/Page16/PF4609, 12f2.1
Highest frequencies	Ingush, Chechens, Avars, Dargins, Arabs, Assyrians, Jews, Greeks, Georgians, Arameans, Melkites, Mandeans, Italians, Cypriots

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Haplogroup J-M304, also known as J,^{[Phylogenetics 1]} is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is believed to have evolved in Western Asia.^[2] The clade spread from there during the Neolithic, primarily into North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Socotra Archipelago, the Caucasus, Europe, Anatolia, Central Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.

Haplogroup J-M304 is divided into two main subclades (branches), J-M267 and J-M172.

Origins

Haplogroup J-M304 is believed to have split from the haplogroup I-M170 roughly 43,000 years ago in Western Asia,^[1] as both lineages are haplogroup IJ subclades. Haplogroup IJ and haplogroup K derive from haplogroup IJK, and only at this level of classification does haplogroup IJK join with Haplogroup G-M201 and Haplogroup H as immediate descendants of Haplogroup F-M89. J-M304 (Transcaucasian origin) is defined by the M304 genetic marker, or the equivalent 12f2.1 marker. The main current subgroups J-M267 (Armenian highlands origin) and J-M172 (Zagros mountains origin), which now comprise between them almost all of the haplogroup's descendant lineages, are both believed to have arisen very early, at least 10,000 years ago. Nonetheless, Y-chromosomes F-M89* and IJ-M429* were reported to have been observed in the Iranian plateau (Grugni et al. 2012).

On the other hand, it would seem to be that different episodes of populace movement had impacted southeast Europe, as well as the role of the Balkans as a long-standing corridor to Europe from the Near East is shown by the phylogenetic unification of Hgs I and J by the basal M429 mutation. This proof of common ancestry suggests that ancestral Hgs IJ-M429* probably would have entered Europe through the Balkan track sometime before the LGM. They then subsequently split into Hg J and Hg I in Middle East and Europe in a typical disjunctive phylogeographic pattern. Such a geographic hall^{[clarification needed]} is prone to have encountered extra consequent gene streams, including the horticultural settlers. Moreover, the unification of haplogroups IJK creates evolutionary distance from F–H delegates, as well as supporting the inference that both IJ-M429 and KT-M9 arose closer to the Middle East than Central or East Asia.^{[citation needed]}

Haplogroup J has also been found among two ancient Egyptian mummies excavated at the Abusir el-Meleq archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from a period between the late New Kingdom and the Roman era.^[3]

Distribution

Haplogroup J-M267 is found in its greatest concentration in the Arabian peninsula. Outside of this region, haplogroup J-M304 has a significant presence in other parts of the Middle East as well as in North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and the Caucasus. It also has a moderate occurrence in Southern Europe, especially in central and southern Italy, Malta, Greece and Albania. The J-M410 subclade is mostly distributed in Anatolia, Greece and southern Italy. Additionally, J-M304 is observed in Central Asia and South Asia, particularly in the form of its subclade J-M172. J-12f2 and J-P19 are also found among the Herero (8%).^[4]

Country/Region	Sampling	N	J-M267	J-M172	Total J	Study
Algerien	Oran	102	22.5	4.9	27.4	Robino 2008
Albanien	Tirana	30			20.0	Bosch 2006
Albanien		55			23.64	Battaglia 2008
Bosnia	Serbs	81			9.9	Battaglia 2008
Caucasus	Chechen	330	20.9	56.7	77.6	Balanovsky 2011
Caucasus	Ingush	143	2.8	88.8	91.6	Balanovsky 2011
China	Uygur	50	0	34.0	34.0	Shou 2010
China	Uzbek	23	0	30.4	34.7	Shou 2010
China	Tajik	31	0	16.1	16.1	Shou 2010
China	Han Chinese	30		10	10	Xue 2006^{[verification needed]}
Zypern		164	9.6	12.9	22.5	El-Sibai 2009^[5]
Ägypten		124	19.8	7.6	27.4	El-Sibai 2009
Griechenland	Crete/Heraklion	104	1.9	44.2	46.1	Martinez 2007
Griechenland	Crete	143	3.5	35	38.5	El-Sibai 2009
Griechenland		154	1.9	18.1	20	El-Sibai 2009
Indien	Sunni and North Indian Shia	112	32	43.2	75.2	El-Sibai 2009
Iran		92	3.2	25	28.2	El-Sibai 2009
Iraq	Arab and Assyrian	117	33.1	25.1	58.2	El-Sibai 2009
Israel	Akko (Arabs)	101	39.2	18.6	57.8	El-Sibai 2009
Italien		699	2	20	22	Capelli 2007
Italien	Central Marche	59	5.1	35.6	40.7	Capelli 2007
Italien	West Calabria	57	3.5	35.1	38.6	Capelli 2007
Italien	Sicily	212	5.2	22.6	27.8	El-Sibai 2009
Italien	Sardinia	81	4.9	9.9	14.8	El-Sibai 2009
Jordanien		273	35.5	14.6	50.1	El-Sibai 2009
Kosovo	Albanians	114			16.67	Pericić 2005
Kuwait		42	33.3	9.5	42.8	El-Sibai 2009
Libanon		951	17	29.4	46.4	El-Sibai 2009
Malta		90	7.8	21.1	28.9	El-Sibai 2009
Marokko		316	1	0.2	1.2	El-Sibai 2009
Marokko	Residents in Italy	51	19.6	0	19.6	Onofri 2008
Portugal	Portugal	303	4.3	6.9	11.2	El-Sibai 2009
Katar	Katar	72	58.3	8.3	66.6	El-Sibai 2009
Saudi-Arabien		157	40.13	15.92	57.96	Abu-Amero 2009
Serbien	Belgrade	113			8	Pericić 2005
Serbien		179			5.6	Mirabal 2010
Spanien	Cadiz	28	3.6	14.3	17.9	El-Sibai 2009
Spanien	Cantabria	70	2.9	2.9	5.8	El-Sibai 2009
Spanien	Castille	21	0	9.5	9.5	El-Sibai 2009
Spanien	Cordoba	27	0	14.7	14.7	El-Sibai 2009
Spanien	Galicia	19	5.3	0	5.3	El-Sibai 2009
Spanien	Huelva	22	0	13.7	13.7	El-Sibai 2009
Spanien	Ibiza	54	0	3.7	3.7	El-Sibai 2009
Spanien	Leon	60	1.7	5	6.7	El-Sibai 2009
Spanien	Malaga	26	0	15.4	15.4	El-Sibai 2009
Spanien	Mallorca	62	1.6	8	9.7	El-Sibai 2009
Spanien	Sevilla	155	3.2	7.8	11	El-Sibai 2009
Spanien	Valencia	31	2.7	5.5	8.2	El-Sibai 2009
Syria	Arab and Assyrian	554	33.6	20.8	54.4	El-Sibai 2009
Tunesien		62	0	8	8	El-Sibai 2009
Tunesien		52	34.6	3.8	38.4	Onofri 2008
Tunesien	Sousse	220	25.9	8.2	34.1	Fadhlaoui-Zid 2014
Tunesien	Tunis	148	32.4	3.4	35.8	Arredi 2004
Türkei		523	9.1	24.2	33.3	El-Sibai 2009
UAE		164	34.7	10.3	45	El-Sibai 2009
Jemen		62	72.5	9.6	82.1	El-Sibai 2009

Subclade distribution

J-M304*

Paragroup J-M304*^{[Phylogenetics 2]} includes all of J-M304 except for J-M267, J-M172 and their subclades. J-M304* is rarely found outside of the island of Socotra, belonging to Yemen, where it is extremely frequent at 71.4% and j1-267 for the rest with no j2^[6] Haplogroup J-M304* also has been found with lower frequency in Oman (Di Giacomo 2004), Ashkenazi Jews,^[7] Saudi Arabia (Abu-Amero 2009), Greece (Di Giacomo 2004), the Czech Republic (Di Giacomo 2004 and Luca 2007), Uygurs^[8] and several Turkic peoples.^[9] (Cinnioglu 2004 and Varzari 2006).

YFull^[1] and FTDNA^[10] have however failed to find J* people anywhere in the world although there are 2 J2-Y130506 persons and 1 J1 person from Soqotra. But Cerny 2009 study found 9 J1 persons in Soqotra/Socotra and majority of J* and no J2, hypothesizing a J1 founder effect in Socotra.

The following gives a summary of most of the studies which specifically tested for J-M267 and J-M172, showing its distribution in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia.

J-M267

Haplogroup J-M267^{[Phylogenetics 3]} defined by the M267 SNP is in modern times most frequent in the Arabian Peninsula: Yemen (up to 76%),^[11] Saudi (up to 64%) (Alshamali 2009), Qatar (58%),^[12] and Dagestan (up to 56%).^[13] J-M267 is generally frequent among Arab Bedouins (62%),^[14] Ashkenazi Jews (20%) (Semino 2004), Algeria (up to 35%) (Semino 2004), Iraq (28%) (Semino 2004), Tunisia (up to 31%),^[15] Syria (up to 30%), Egypt (up to 20%) (Luis 2004), and the Sinai Peninsula. To some extent, the frequency of Haplogroup J-M267 collapses at the borders of Arabic/Semitic-speaking territories with mainly non-Arabic/Semitic speaking territories, such as Turkey (9%), Iran (5%), Sunni Indian Muslims (2.3%) and Northern Indian Shia (11%) (Eaaswarkhanth 2009). Some figures above tend to be the larger ones obtained in some studies, while the smaller figures obtained in other studies are omitted. It is also highly frequent among Jews, especially the Kohanim line (46%) (Hammer 2009).

ISOGG states that J-M267 originated in the Middle East. It is found in parts of the Near East, Anatolia and North Africa, with a much sparser distribution in the southern Mediterranean flank of Europe, and in Ethiopia.

But not all studies agree on the point of origin. The Levant has been proposed but a 2010 study concluded that the haplogroup had a more northern origin, possibly Anatolia.

The origin of the J-P58 subclade is likely in the more northerly populations and then spreads southward into the Arabian Peninsula. The high Y-STR variance of J-P58 in ethnic groups in Turkey, as well as northern regions in Syria and Iraq, supports the inference of an origin of J-P58 in nearby eastern Anatolia. Moreover, the network analysis of J-P58 haplotypes shows that some of the populations with low diversity, such as Bedouins from Israel, Qatar, Sudan and the United Arab Emirates, are tightly clustered near high-frequency haplotypes. This suggests that founder effects with star burst expansion into the Arabian Desert (Chiaroni 2010).

J-M172

Haplogroup J-M172^{[Phylogenetics 4]} is found in the highest concentrations in the Caucasus and the Fertile Crescent/Iraq and is found throughout the Mediterranean (including the Italian, Balkan, Anatolian and Iberian peninsulas and North Africa) (Di Giacomo 2003).

The highest ever reported concentration of J-M172 was 72% in Northeastern Georgia (Nasidze 2004). Other high reports include Ingush 32% (Nasidze 2004), Cypriots 30-37% (Capelli 2005), Lebanese 30% (Wells et al. 2001), Assyrian, Mandean and Arab Iraqis 29.7% (Sanchez et al. 2005)^{[full citation needed]}, Syrians and Syriacs 22.5%, Kurds 24%-28%, Pashtuns 20-30%,^[16]Iranians 23% (Aburto 2006), Ashkenazi Jews 24%, Palestinian Arabs 16.8%-25%, Sephardic Jews 29%^[17] and North Indian Shia Muslim 18%, Chechens 26%, Balkars 24%, Yaghnobis 32%, Armenians 21-24%, and Azerbaijanis 24%-48%.

In South Asia, J2-M172 was found to be significantly higher among Dravidian castes at 19% than among Indo-European castes at 11%. J2-M172 and J-M410 is found 21% among Dravidian middle castes, followed by upper castes, 18.6%, and lower castes 14%. (Sengupta 2006)^[18] Subclades of M172 such as M67 and M92 were not found in either Indian or Pakistani samples which also might hint at a partial common origin.(Sengupta 2006)^[18]

According to a genetic study in China by Shou et al., J2-M172 is found with high frequency among Uygurs (17/50 = 34%) and Uzbeks (7/23 = 30.4%), moderate frequency among Pamiris (5/31 = 16.1%), and also found J-M172 in Han Chinese (10%)^[19] and low frequency among Yugurs (2/32 = 6.3%) and Monguors (1/50 = 2.0%). The authors also found J-M304(xJ2-M172) with low frequency among the Russians (1/19 = 5.3%), Uzbeks (1/23 = 4.3%), Sibe people (1/32 = 3.1%), Dongxiangs (1/35 = 2.9%), and Kazakhs (1/41 = 2.4%) in Northwest China.^[20] Only far northwestern ethnic minorities had haplogroup J in Xinjiang, China. Uzbeks in the sample had 30.4% J2-M172 and Tajiks of Xinjiang and Uyghurs also had it.^[21]

Phylogenetics

In Y-chromosome phylogenetics, subclades are the branches of haplogroups. These subclades are also defined by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or unique event polymorphisms (UEPs).

Phylogenetic history

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand)	(α)	(β)	(γ)	(δ)	(ε)	(ζ)	(η)	YCC 2002 (Longhand)	YCC 2005 (Longhand)	YCC 2008 (Longhand)	YCC 2010r (Longhand)	ISOGG 2006	ISOGG 2007	ISOGG 2008	ISOGG 2009	ISOGG 2010	ISOGG 2011	ISOGG 2012
J-12f2a	9	VI	Med	23	Eu10	H4	B	J*	J	J	J	-	-	-	-	-	-	J
J-M62	9	VI	Med	23	Eu10	H4	B	J1	J1a	J1a	J1a	-	-	-	-	-	-	Private
J-M172	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2*	J2	J2	J2	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2
J-M47	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2a	J2a	J2a1	J2a4a	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2a1a
J-M68	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2b	J2b	J2a3	J2a4c	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2a1c
J-M137	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2c	J2c	J2a4	J2a4h2a1	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2a1h2a1a
J-M158	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2d	J2d	J2a5	J2a4h1	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2a1h1
J-M12	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2e*	J2e	J2b	J2b	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2b
J-M102	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2e1*	J2e1	J2b	J2b	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2b
J-M99	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2e1a	J2e1a	J2b2a	J2b2a	-	-	-	-	-	-	Private
J-M67	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2f*	J2f	J2a2	J2a4b	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2a1b
J-M92	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2f1	J2f1	J2a2a	J2a4b1	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2a1b1
J-M163	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2f2	J2f2	J2a2b	J2a4b2	-	-	-	-	-	-	Private

Research publications

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree.

α Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000 and Kaladjieva 2001
β Underhill 2000
γ Hammer 2001
δ Karafet 2001
ε Semino 2000
ζ Su 1999
η Capelli 2001

Phylogenetic trees

There are several confirmed and proposed phylogenetic trees available for haplogroup J-M304. The scientifically accepted one is the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC) one published in Karafet 2008 and subsequently updated. A draft tree that shows emerging science is provided by Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center in Houston, Texas. The International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG) also provides an amateur tree.

The Genomic Research Center draft tree

This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft tree Proposed Tree for haplogroup J-P209 (Krahn & FTDNA 2013). For brevity, only the first three levels of subclades are shown.

J-M304 12f2a, 12f2.1, M304, P209, L60, L134
- M267, L255, L321, L765, L814, L827, L1030
  - M62
  - M365.1
  - L136, L572, L620
    - M390
    - P56
    - P58, L815, L828
    - L256
  - Z1828, Z1829, Z1832, Z1833, Z1834, Z1836, Z1839, Z1840, Z1841, Z1843, Z1844
    - Z1842
    - L972
- M172, L228
  - M410, L152, L212, L505, L532, L559
    - M289
    - L26, L27, L927
    - L581
  - M12, M102, M221, M314, L282
    - M205
    - M241

The Y-Chromosome Consortium tree

This is the official scientific tree produced by the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). The last major update was in 2008 (Karafet 2008). Subsequent updates have been quarterly and biannual. The current (2022) version is of the 2019/2020 update.

Prominent members of J

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "J YTree". Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
^ Y-DNA Haplogroup J Archived 18 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, ISOGG, 2015
^ Schuenemann, Verena J.; et al. (2017). "Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods". Nature Communications. 8: 15694. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815694S. doi:10.1038/ncomms15694. PMC 5459999. PMID 28556824.
^ Wood, Elizabeth T.; et al. (2005). "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes" (PDF). European Journal of Human Genetics. 13 (7): 867–876. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408. PMID 15856073. S2CID 20279122. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
^ El-Sibai 2009 reported results from several studies : Di Giacomo 2003, Al-Zahery 2003, Flores 2004, Cinnioglu 2004, Capelli 2005, Goncalves 2005, Zalloua 2008, Cadenas 2008
^ Černý 2009: J-12f2(xM267, M172)(45/63) Černý, Viktor; et al. (2009). "Out of Arabia—the settlement of island Socotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 138 (4): 439–447. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20960. PMID 19012329. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
^ Shen 2004: Haplogroup J-M304(xM267, M172) in 1/20 Ashkenazi Jews.
^ Zhong et al (2011), Mol Biol Evol January 1, 2011 vol. 28 no. 1 717-727 Archived 23 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine, See Table^{[permanent dead link]}.
^ Yunusbaev 2006:Stats are for combined Dagestan ethnic groups see the Dagestan article for details. Dargins (91%), Avars (67%), Chamalins (67%), Lezgins (58%), Tabassarans (49%), Andis (37%), Assyrians (29%), Bagvalins (21.4%))
^ "FamilyTreeDNA - Y-DNA J Haplogroup Project". Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
^
- Alshamali 2009: 81% (84/104)
- Cadenas 2008: 45/62=72.6% J-M267
^ Cadenas 2008: 42/72=58.3% J-M267
^ Yunusbaev 2006: Dargwas (91%), Avars (67%), Chamalins (67%), Lezgins (58%), Tabassarans (49%), Andis (37%), Assyrians (29%), Bagvalins (21.4%))stats combined Dagestan ethnic groups see Dagestan article
^ Nebel 2001: 21/32
^
31% is based on Combined Data
- Semino 2004: 30%
- Arredi 2004: 32%
^ Haber, Marc; Platt, Daniel E.; Ashrafian Bonab, Maziar; Youhanna, Sonia C.; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; Martínez-Cruz, Begoña; Douaihy, Bouchra; Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella; Rafatpanah, Hoshang; Ghanbari, Mohsen; Whale, John; Balanovsky, Oleg; Wells, R. Spencer; Comas, David; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Zalloua, Pierre A. (2012). "Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events". PLOS ONE. 7 (3): e34288. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...734288H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034288. PMC 3314501. PMID 22470552.
^ Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Brinkmann, Bernd; Majumder, Partha P.; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella (November 2001). "The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 69 (5): 1095–1112. doi:10.1086/324070. PMC 1274378. PMID 11573163.
^ ^a ^b Sengupta, S; Zhivotovsky, LA; King, R; et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
^ Xue 2006
^ Shou et al (2010), Y-chromosome distributions among populations in Northwest China identify significant contribution from Central Asian pastoralists and lesser influence of western Eurasians Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Journal of Human Genetics (2010) 55, 314–322; doi:10.1038/jhg.2010.30; published online 23 April 2010, Table 2. Haplogroup distribution and Y-chromosome diversity in 14 northwestern populations Archived 14 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine
^ Shou, Wei-Hua; Qiao, Wn-Fa; Wei, Chuan-Yu; Dong, Yong-Li; Tan, Si-Jie; Shi, Hong; Tang, Wen-Ru; Xiao, Chun-Jie (2010). "Y-chromosome distributions among populations in Northwest China identify significant contribution from Central Asian pastoralists and lesser influence of western Eurasians". J Hum Genet. 55 (5): 314–322. doi:10.1038/jhg.2010.30. PMID 20414255. S2CID 23002493.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Maciamo. "Eupedia". Eupedia. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Maciamo. "Eupedia". Eupedia. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
^ Schuenemann, V. J.; Peltzer, A.; Welte, B.; Van Pelt, W. P.; Molak, M.; Wang, C. C.; Furtwängler, A.; Urban, C.; Reiter, E.; Nieselt, K.; Teßmann, B.; Francken, M.; Harvati, K.; Haak, W.; Schiffels, S.; Krause, J. (2017). "Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods". Nature Communications. 8: 15694. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815694S. doi:10.1038/ncomms15694. PMC 5459999. PMID 28556824.
^ "Welcome to FamilyTreeDNA Discover (Beta)". FamilyTreeDNA Discover (Beta). Retrieved 6 May 2023.

Works cited

Journals

Y Chromosome Consortium "YCC" (2002). "A Nomenclature System for the Tree of Human Y-Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups". Genome Research. 12 (2): 339–48. doi:10.1101/gr.217602. PMC 155271. PMID 11827954.
Abu-Amero, Khaled K; Hellani, Ali; González, Ana M; Larruga, Jose M; Cabrera, Vicente M; Underhill, Peter A (2009). "Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions". BMC Genetics. 10: 59. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59. PMC 2759955. PMID 19772609.
Al-Zahery, N.; Semino, O.; Benuzzi, G.; Magri, C.; Passarino, G.; Torroni, A.; Santachiara-Benerecetti, A.S. (September 2003). "Y-chromosome and mtDNA polymorphisms in Iraq, a crossroad of the early human dispersal and of post-Neolithic migrations". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 28 (3): 458–472. Bibcode:2003MolPE..28..458A. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00039-3. PMID 12927131.
Alshamali, Farida; Pereira, Luísa; Budowle, Bruce; Poloni, Estella S.; Currat, Mathias (2009). "Local Population Structure in Arabian Peninsula Revealed by Y-STR diversity". Human Heredity. 68 (1): 45–54. doi:10.1159/000210448. PMID 19339785.
Arredi, B; Poloni, E; Paracchini, S; Zerjal, T; Fathallah, D; Makrelouf, M; Pascali, V; Novelletto, A; Tyler-Smith, C (2004). "A predominantly neolithic origin for Y-chromosomal DNA variation in North Africa". American Journal of Human Genetics. 75 (2): 338–45. doi:10.1086/423147. PMC 1216069. PMID 15202071.
Balanovsky, O.; Dibirova, K.; Dybo, A.; Mudrak, O.; Frolova, S.; Pocheshkhova, E.; Haber, M.; Platt, D.; et al. (2011). "Parallel evolution of genes and languages in the Caucasus region". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (10): 2905–20. doi:10.1093/molbev/msr126. PMC 3355373. PMID 21571925.
Battaglia, Vincenza; Fornarino, Simona; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Olivieri, Anna; Pala, Maria; Myres, Natalie M; King, Roy J; Rootsi, Siiri; et al. (2009). "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe". European Journal of Human Genetics. 17 (6): 820–30. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.249. PMC 2947100. PMID 19107149.
Bosch, E.; Calafell, F.; Gonzalez-Neira, A.; Flaiz, C.; Mateu, E.; Scheil, H.-G.; Huckenbeck, W.; Efremovska, L.; Mikerezi, I.; Xirotiris, N.; Grasa, C.; Schmidt, H.; Comas, D. (July 2006). "Paternal and maternal lineages in the Balkans show a homogeneous landscape over linguistic barriers, except for the isolated Aromuns". Annals of Human Genetics. 70 (4): 459–487. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2005.00251.x. PMID 16759179. S2CID 23156886.
Cadenas, Alicia M; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; Cavalli-Sforza, Luca L; Underhill, Peter A; Herrera, Rene J (2008). "Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman". European Journal of Human Genetics. 16 (3): 374–86. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201934. PMID 17928816.
Capelli, C.; Redhead, N.; Romano, V.; Cali, F.; Lefranc, G.; Delague, V.; Megarbane, A.; Felice, A. E.; Pascali, V. L.; Neophytou, P. I.; Poulli, Z.; Novelletto, A.; Malaspina, P.; Terrenato, L.; Berebbi, A.; Fellous, M.; Thomas, M. G.; Goldstein, D. B. (March 2006). "Population Structure in the Mediterranean Basin: A Y Chromosome Perspective". Annals of Human Genetics. 70 (2): 207–225. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00224.x. hdl:2108/37090. PMID 16626331. S2CID 25536759.
Capelli, Cristian; Brisighelli, Francesca; Scarnicci, Francesca; Arredi, Barbara; Caglia’, Alessandra; Vetrugno, Giuseppe; Tofanelli, Sergio; Onofri, Valerio; Tagliabracci, Adriano; Paoli, Giorgio; Pascali, Vincenzo L. (July 2007). "Y chromosome genetic variation in the Italian peninsula is clinal and supports an admixture model for the Mesolithic–Neolithic encounter". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44 (1): 228–239. Bibcode:2007MolPE..44..228C. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.030. PMID 17275346.
Chiaroni, Jacques; King, Roy J; Myres, Natalie M; Henn, Brenna M; Ducourneau, Axel; Mitchell, Michael J; Boetsch, Gilles; Sheikha, Issa; et al. (2009). "The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations". European Journal of Human Genetics. 18 (3): 348–53. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.166. PMC 2987219. PMID 19826455.
Chiaroni, Jacques; King, Roy J; Myres, Natalie M; Henn, Brenna M; Ducourneau, Axel; Mitchell, Michael J; Boetsch, Gilles; Sheikha, Issa; et al. (2010). "The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations". European Journal of Human Genetics. 18 (3): 348–53. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.166. PMC 2987219. PMID 19826455.
Cinnioglu, Cengiz; King, Roy; Kivisild, Toomas; Kalfoglu, Ersi; Atasoy, Sevil; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L.; Lillie, Anita S.; Roseman, Charles C.; et al. (2004). "Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia". Human Genetics. 114 (2): 127–48. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4. PMID 14586639. S2CID 10763736.
Di Giacomo, F.; Luca, F.; Anagnou, N.; Ciavarella, G.; Corbo, R.M.; Cresta, M.; Cucci, F.; Di Stasi, L.; et al. (2003). "Clinal patterns of human Y chromosomal diversity in continental Italy and Greece are dominated by drift and founder effects". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 28 (3): 387–95. Bibcode:2003MolPE..28..387D. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00016-2. PMID 12927125.
Di Giacomo, F.; Luca, F.; Popa, L. O.; Akar, N.; Anagnou, N.; Banyko, J.; Brdicka, R.; Barbujani, G.; et al. (2004). "Y chromosomal haplogroup J as a signature of the post-neolithic colonization of Europe". Human Genetics. 115 (5): 357–71. doi:10.1007/s00439-004-1168-9. PMID 15322918. S2CID 18482536.
Eaaswarkhanth, Muthukrishnan; Haque, Ikramul; Ravesh, Zeinab; Romero, Irene Gallego; Meganathan, Poorlin Ramakodi; Dubey, Bhawna; Khan, Faizan Ahmed; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Kivisild, Toomas; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Singh, Lalji; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy (March 2010). "Traces of sub-Saharan and Middle Eastern lineages in Indian Muslim populations". European Journal of Human Genetics. 18 (3): 354–363. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.168. PMC 2859343. PMID 19809480.
El-Sibai, M.; Platt, D. E.; Haber, M.; Xue, Y.; Youhanna, S. C.; Wells, R. S.; Izaabel, H.; Sanyoura, M. F.; Harmanani, H.; Bonab, M. A.; Behbehani, J.; Hashwa, F.; Tyler-Smith, C.; Zalloua, P. A.; Genographic, Consortium (2009). "Geographical Structure of the Y-chromosomal Genetic Landscape of the Levant: A coastal-inland contrast". Annals of Human Genetics. 73 (6): 568–81. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00538.x. PMC 3312577. PMID 19686289.
Fadhlaoui-Zid, Karima (2014). "Sousse: extreme genetic heterogeneity in North Africa". Journal of Human Genetics. 60 (1): 41–49. doi:10.1038/jhg.2014.99. PMID 25471516. S2CID 25186140.
Flores, Carlos; Maca-Meyer, Nicole; González, Ana M; Oefner, Peter J; Shen, Peidong; Pérez, Jose A; Rojas, Antonio; Larruga, Jose M; Underhill, Peter A (October 2004). "Reduced genetic structure of the Iberian peninsula revealed by Y-chromosome analysis: implications for population demography". European Journal of Human Genetics. 12 (10): 855–863. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201225. PMID 15280900. S2CID 16765118.
Gonçalves, Rita; Freitas, Ana; Branco, Marta; Rosa, Alexandra; Fernandes, Ana T.; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; Underhill, Peter A.; Kivisild, Toomas; Brehm, Antonio (2005). "Y-chromosome lineages from Portugal, Madeira and Açores record elements of Sephardim and Berber ancestry". Annals of Human Genetics. 69 (Pt 4): 443–454. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00161.x. hdl:10400.13/3018. PMID 15996172. S2CID 3229760.
Hammer, Michael F.; Behar, Doron M.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Mendez, Fernando L.; Hallmark, Brian; Erez, Tamar; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; Rosset, Saharon; Skorecki, Karl (2009). "Extended Y chromosome haplotypes resolve multiple and unique lineages of the Jewish priesthood". Human Genetics. 126 (5): 707–17. doi:10.1007/s00439-009-0727-5. PMC 2771134. PMID 19669163.
Jobling, Mark A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2000). "New uses for new haplotypes". Trends in Genetics. 16 (8): 356–62. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02057-6. PMID 10904265.
Karafet, T. M.; Mendez, F. L.; Meilerman, M. B.; Underhill, P. A.; Zegura, S. L.; Hammer, M. F. (2008). "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree". Genome Research. 18 (5): 830–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7172008. PMC 2336805. PMID 18385274.
Luca, F.; Di Giacomo, F.; Benincasa, T.; Popa, L.O.; Banyko, J.; Kracmarova, A.; Malaspina, P.; Novelletto, A.; Brdicka, R. (2007). "Y-chromosomal variation in the Czech Republic". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 132 (1): 132–9. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20500. hdl:2108/35058. PMID 17078035.
Luis, J; Rowold, D; Regueiro, M; Caeiro, B; Cinnioglu, C; Roseman, C; Underhill, P; Cavallisforza, L; Herrera, R (2004). "The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 74 (3): 532–44. doi:10.1086/382286. PMC 1182266. PMID 14973781.
Martinez, Laisel; Underhill, Peter A; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; Gayden, Tenzin; Moschonas, Nicholas K; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T; Conti, Simon; Mamolini, Elisabetta; Cavalli-Sforza, L Luca; Herrera, Rene J (April 2007). "Paleolithic Y-haplogroup heritage predominates in a Cretan highland plateau". European Journal of Human Genetics. 15 (4): 485–493. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201769. PMID 17264870. S2CID 9847088.
Mirabal S, Varljen T, Gayden T, et al. (July 2010). "Human Y-chromosome short tandem repeats: A tale of acculturation and migrations as mechanisms for the diffusion of agriculture in the Balkan Peninsula". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 142 (3): 380–390. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21235. PMID 20091845.
Nasidze, I.; Ling, E. Y. S.; Quinque, D.; Dupanloup, I.; Cordaux, R.; Rychkov, S.; Naumova, O.; Zhukova, O.; et al. (2004). "Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus". Annals of Human Genetics. 68 (3): 205–21. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00092.x. PMID 15180701. S2CID 27204150.
Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Brinkmann, Bernd; Majumder, Partha P.; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella (November 2001). "The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 69 (5): 1095–1112. doi:10.1086/324070. PMC 1274378. PMID 11573163.
Onofri, Valerio; Alessandrini, Federica; Turchi, Chiara; Pesaresi, Mauro; Tagliabracci, Adriano (2008). "Y-chromosome markers distribution in Northern Africa: High-resolution SNP and STR analysis in Tunisia and Morocco populations". Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series. 1: 235–236. doi:10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.173.
Pericić M, Lauc LB, Klarić IM, et al. (October 2005). "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations". Mol. Biol. Evol. 22 (10): 1964–75. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi185. PMID 15944443.
Robino, C.; Crobu, F.; Di Gaetano, C.; Bekada, A.; Benhamamouch, S.; Cerutti, N.; Piazza, A.; Inturri, S.; Torre, C. (2008). "Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups and STR haplotypes in an Algerian population sample". International Journal of Legal Medicine. 122 (3): 251–255. doi:10.1007/s00414-007-0203-5. PMID 17909833. S2CID 11556974.
Semino, Ornella; Magri, Chiara; Benuzzi, Giorgia; Lin, Alice A.; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Battaglia, Vincenza; Maccioni, Liliana; Triantaphyllidis, Costas; et al. (2004). "Origin, diffusion, and differentiation of Y-chromosome haplogroups E and J: inferences on the neolithization of Europe and later migratory events in the Mediterranean area". American Journal of Human Genetics. 74 (5): 1023–1034. doi:10.1086/386295. PMC 1181965. PMID 15069642.
Shen, Peidong; Lavi, Tal; Kivisild, Toomas; Chou, Vivian; Sengun, Deniz; Gefel, Dov; Shpirer, Issac; Woolf, Eilon; et al. (2004). "Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-Chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence Variation". Human Mutation. 24 (3): 248–60. doi:10.1002/humu.20077. PMID 15300852. S2CID 1571356.
Xue, Yali; Zerjal, Tatiana; Bao, Weidong; Zhu, Suling; Shu, Qunfang; Xu, Jiujin; Du, Ruofu; Fu, Songbin; Li, Pu; Hurles, Matthew E; Yang, Huanming; Tyler-Smith, Chris (1 April 2006). "Male Demography in East Asia: A North–South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times". Genetics. 172 (4): 2431–2439. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270. PMC 1456369. PMID 16489223.
Zalloua, Pierre A.; Platt, Daniel E.; El Sibai, Mirvat; Khalife, Jade; Makhoul, Nadine; Haber, Marc; Xue, Yali; Izaabel, Hassan; et al. (2008). "Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean". American Journal of Human Genetics. 83 (5): 633–642. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.012. PMC 2668035. PMID 18976729.

Thesis and Dissertations

Varzari, Alexander (2006). Population History of the Dniester-Carpathians: Evidence from Alu Insertion and Y-Chromosome Polymorphisms (PDF) (Thesis). München, University. OCLC 180859661.
Yunusbaev, Bayazit Bulatovich (2006). ПОПУЛЯЦИОННО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НАРОДОВ ДАГЕСТАНА ПО ДАННЫМ О ПОЛИМОРФИЗМЕ У-ХРОМОСОМЫ И АТД-ИНСЕРЦИЙ [Population-genetic study of the peoples of Dagestan on the data on Y-chromosome and ATD-insertion polymorphism] (PDF) (PhD). Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2007.

Blogs

Dienekes (2009). "Middle Eastern and Sub-Saharan lineages in Indian Muslim populations".

Mailing Lists

Aburto, Alfred A (2006). "Y haplogroup J in Iran" (Mailing list). Archived from the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2013.

Websites

Krahn; FTDNA (2003). "Genomic Research Center Draft Tree (AKA Y-TRee)". Archived from the original on 15 August 2015.

Sources for conversion tables

Capelli, Cristian; Wilson, James F.; Richards, Martin; Stumpf, Michael P.H.; et al. (February 2001). "A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 68 (2): 432–443. doi:10.1086/318205. PMC 1235276. PMID 11170891.
Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Redd, Alan J.; Jarjanazi, Hamdi; et al. (1 July 2001). "Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y-Chromosome Diversity". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (7): 1189–1203. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003906. PMID 11420360.
Jobling, Mark A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2000), "New uses for new haplotypes", Trends in Genetics, 16 (8): 356–62, doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02057-6, PMID 10904265
Kaladjieva, Luba; Calafell, Francesc; Jobling, Mark A; Angelicheva, Dora; et al. (February 2001). "Patterns of inter- and intra-group genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages". European Journal of Human Genetics. 9 (2): 97–104. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200597. PMID 11313742. S2CID 21432405.
Karafet, Tatiana; Xu, Liping; Du, Ruofu; Wang, William; et al. (September 2001). "Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 69 (3): 615–628. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
Semino, O.; Passarino, G; Oefner, PJ; Lin, AA; et al. (2000), "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective", Science, 290 (5494): 1155–9, Bibcode:2000Sci...290.1155S, doi:10.1126/science.290.5494.1155, PMID 11073453
Su, Bing; Xiao, Junhua; Underhill, Peter; Deka, Ranjan; et al. (December 1999). "Y-Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 65 (6): 1718–1724. doi:10.1086/302680. PMC 1288383. PMID 10577926.
Underhill, Peter A.; Shen, Peidong; Lin, Alice A.; Jin, Li; et al. (November 2000). "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations". Nature Genetics. 26 (3): 358–361. doi:10.1038/81685. PMID 11062480. S2CID 12893406.

Phylogenetic notes

^ ISOGG Y-DNA Haplogroup J and its Subclades - 2016 Archived 18 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine (2 February 2016).

^ This table shows the historic names for J-M304 (a.k.a. J-P209, and J-12f2.1) in published peer reviewed literature. Note that in Semino 2000 Eu09 is a subclade of Eu10 and in Karafet 2001 24 is a subclade of 23.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand)	J-M304 (a.k.a. J-12f2.1 or J-P209)
Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000	9
Underhill 2000	VI
Hammer 2001	Med
Karafet 2001	23
Semino 2000	Eu10
Su 1999	H4
Capelli 2001	B
YCC 2002 (Longhand)	J*
YCC 2005 (Longhand)	J
YCC 2008 (Longhand)	J
YCC 2010r (Longhand)	J

^ This table shows the historic names for J-M267 and its earlier discovered and named subclade J-M62 in published peer reviewed literature.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand)	J-M267	J-M62
Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000	-	9
Underhill 2000	-	VI
Hammer 2001	-	Med
Karafet 2001	-	23
Semino 2000	-	Eu10
Su 1999	-	H4
Capelli 2001	-	B
YCC 2002 (Longhand)	-	J1
YCC 2005 (Longhand)	J1	J1a
YCC 2008 (Longhand)	J1	J1a
YCC 2010r (Longhand)	J1	J1a

^ This table shows the historic names for J-M172 in published peer reviewed literature. Note that in Semino 2000 Eu09 is a subclade of Eu10 and in Karafet 2001 24 is a subclade of 23.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand)	J-M172
Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000	9
Underhill 2000	VI
Hammer 2001	Med
Karafet 2001	24
Semino 2000	Eu9
Su 1999	H4
Capelli 2001	B
YCC 2002 (Longhand)	J2*
YCC 2005 (Longhand)	J2
YCC 2008 (Longhand)	J2
YCC 2010r (Longhand)	J2

External links

Phylogenetic tree and Distribution Maps of Y-DNA haplogroup J

Y-DNA Haplogroup J and Its Subclades from ISOGG 2009

Others

[J_YTree-1] "J YTree". Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.

[auto-3] Y-DNA Haplogroup J Archived 18 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, ISOGG, 2015

[4] Schuenemann, Verena J.; et al. (2017). "Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods". Nature Communications. 8: 15694. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815694S. doi:10.1038/ncomms15694. PMC 5459999. PMID 28556824.

[Wood2005-5] Wood, Elizabeth T.; et al. (2005). "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes" (PDF). European Journal of Human Genetics. 13 (7): 867–876. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408. PMID 15856073. S2CID 20279122. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2016.

[6] El-Sibai 2009 reported results from several studies : Di Giacomo 2003, Al-Zahery 2003, Flores 2004, Cinnioglu 2004, Capelli 2005, Goncalves 2005, Zalloua 2008, Cadenas 2008

[8] Černý 2009: J-12f2(xM267, M172)(45/63) Černý, Viktor; et al. (2009). "Out of Arabia—the settlement of island Socotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 138 (4): 439–447. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20960. PMID 19012329. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.

[Shen2004-9] Shen 2004: Haplogroup J-M304(xM267, M172) in 1/20 Ashkenazi Jews.

[10] Zhong et al (2011), Mol Biol Evol January 1, 2011 vol. 28 no. 1 717-727 Archived 23 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine, See Table^{[permanent dead link]}.

[yunusbaev2006a-11] Yunusbaev 2006:Stats are for combined Dagestan ethnic groups see the Dagestan article for details. Dargins (91%), Avars (67%), Chamalins (67%), Lezgins (58%), Tabassarans (49%), Andis (37%), Assyrians (29%), Bagvalins (21.4%))

[12] "FamilyTreeDNA - Y-DNA J Haplogroup Project". Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2019.

[14] 
Alshamali 2009: 81% (84/104)

Cadenas 2008: 45/62=72.6% J-M267

[12] Alshamali 2009: 81% (84/104)

[13] Cadenas 2008: 45/62=72.6% J-M267

[15] Cadenas 2008: 42/72=58.3% J-M267

[yunusbaev2006b-16] Yunusbaev 2006: Dargwas (91%), Avars (67%), Chamalins (67%), Lezgins (58%), Tabassarans (49%), Andis (37%), Assyrians (29%), Bagvalins (21.4%))stats combined Dagestan ethnic groups see Dagestan article

[17] Nebel 2001: 21/32

[18] 31% is based on Combined Data
Semino 2004: 30%

Arredi 2004: 32%

[18] Semino 2004: 30%

[19] Arredi 2004: 32%

[20] Haber, Marc; Platt, Daniel E.; Ashrafian Bonab, Maziar; Youhanna, Sonia C.; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; Martínez-Cruz, Begoña; Douaihy, Bouchra; Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella; Rafatpanah, Hoshang; Ghanbari, Mohsen; Whale, John; Balanovsky, Oleg; Wells, R. Spencer; Comas, David; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Zalloua, Pierre A. (2012). "Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events". PLOS ONE. 7 (3): e34288. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...734288H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034288. PMC 3314501. PMID 22470552.

[21] Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Brinkmann, Bernd; Majumder, Partha P.; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella (November 2001). "The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 69 (5): 1095–1112. doi:10.1086/324070. PMC 1274378. PMID 11573163.

[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-22] Sengupta, S; Zhivotovsky, LA; King, R; et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.

[23] Xue 2006

[24] Shou et al (2010), Y-chromosome distributions among populations in Northwest China identify significant contribution from Central Asian pastoralists and lesser influence of western Eurasians Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Journal of Human Genetics (2010) 55, 314–322; doi:10.1038/jhg.2010.30; published online 23 April 2010, Table 2. Haplogroup distribution and Y-chromosome diversity in 14 northwestern populations Archived 14 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine

[25] Shou, Wei-Hua; Qiao, Wn-Fa; Wei, Chuan-Yu; Dong, Yong-Li; Tan, Si-Jie; Shi, Hong; Tang, Wen-Ru; Xiao, Chun-Jie (2010). "Y-chromosome distributions among populations in Northwest China identify significant contribution from Central Asian pastoralists and lesser influence of western Eurasians". J Hum Genet. 55 (5): 314–322. doi:10.1038/jhg.2010.30. PMID 20414255. S2CID 23002493.

[:0-26] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Maciamo. "Eupedia". Eupedia. Retrieved 6 August 2022.

[:1-27] Maciamo. "Eupedia". Eupedia. Retrieved 6 August 2022.

[28] Schuenemann, V. J.; Peltzer, A.; Welte, B.; Van Pelt, W. P.; Molak, M.; Wang, C. C.; Furtwängler, A.; Urban, C.; Reiter, E.; Nieselt, K.; Teßmann, B.; Francken, M.; Harvati, K.; Haak, W.; Schiffels, S.; Krause, J. (2017). "Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods". Nature Communications. 8: 15694. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815694S. doi:10.1038/ncomms15694. PMC 5459999. PMID 28556824.

[29] "Welcome to FamilyTreeDNA Discover (Beta)". FamilyTreeDNA Discover (Beta). Retrieved 6 May 2023.

[isogg2016-2] ISOGG Y-DNA Haplogroup J and its Subclades - 2016 Archived 18 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine (2 February 2016).

[J-M304-7] This table shows the historic names for J-M304 (a.k.a. J-P209, and J-12f2.1) in published peer reviewed literature. Note that in Semino 2000 Eu09 is a subclade of Eu10 and in Karafet 2001 24 is a subclade of 23.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) J-M304
(a.k.a. J-12f2.1 or J-P209)

Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000 9

Underhill 2000 VI

Hammer 2001 Med

Karafet 2001 23

Semino 2000 Eu10

Su 1999 H4

Capelli 2001 B

YCC 2002 (Longhand) J*

YCC 2005 (Longhand) J

YCC 2008 (Longhand) J

YCC 2010r (Longhand) J

[J-M267-13] This table shows the historic names for J-M267 and its earlier discovered and named subclade J-M62 in published peer reviewed literature.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) J-M267 J-M62

Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000 - 9

Underhill 2000 - VI

Hammer 2001 - Med

Karafet 2001 - 23

Semino 2000 - Eu10

Su 1999 - H4

Capelli 2001 - B

YCC 2002 (Longhand) - J1

YCC 2005 (Longhand) J1 J1a

YCC 2008 (Longhand) J1 J1a

YCC 2010r (Longhand) J1 J1a

[J-M172-19] This table shows the historic names for J-M172 in published peer reviewed literature. Note that in Semino 2000 Eu09 is a subclade of Eu10 and in Karafet 2001 24 is a subclade of 23.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) J-M172

Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000 9

Underhill 2000 VI

Hammer 2001 Med

Karafet 2001 24

Semino 2000 Eu9

Su 1999 H4

Capelli 2001 B

YCC 2002 (Longhand) J2*

YCC 2005 (Longhand) J2

YCC 2008 (Longhand) J2

YCC 2010r (Longhand) J2

[vanOven2014-30] Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809. S2CID 23291764.

[ISOGG2015-31] International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)

[A0-T-32] Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).

[A1-33] Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.

[F-Y27277-34] F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.

[LT-35] Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.

[K2-36] Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.

[K2b-37] Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.

[K2b1-38] Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.

[P-39] Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.

[K-M2313-40] K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)

[S-41] Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)

[M-42] Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

[1]

[Phylogenetics 1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[Phylogenetics 2]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[Phylogenetics 3]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[Phylogenetics 4]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[χ 1]

[χ 2]

[χ 3]

[χ 4]

[χ 5]

[χ 6]

[χ 7]

[χ 8]

[χ 9]

[χ 10]

[χ 11]

[χ 12]

[χ 13]

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 |origin-date = 42,900 years ago<ref name="J YTree">{{Cite web | url=https://yfull.com/tree/J/ | title=J YTree | access-date=8 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523202006/https://www.yfull.com/tree/J/ | archive-date=23 May 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref>
 |TMRCA = 31,600 years ago<ref name="J YTree">{{Cite web | url=https://yfull.com/tree/J/ | title=J YTree | access-date=8 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523202006/https://www.yfull.com/tree/J/ | archive-date=23 May 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref>
-|origin-place = [[Western Asia]], [[Caucasus]]
+|origin-place = [[Western Asia]]
 |ancestor = [[Haplogroup IJ|IJ]]
 |descendants = [[Haplogroup J-M172|J-M172]], [[Haplogroup J-M267|J-M267]]
 |mutations = M304/Page16/PF4609, 12f2.1
-|members = [[Ingush people|Ingush]], [[Chechens|Chechen]],  [[Avars (Caucasus)|Avar]], [[Dargins|Dargin]]
+|members = [[Ingush people|Ingush]], [[Chechens]],  [[Avars (Caucasus)|Avars]], [[Dargins]], [[Arabs]], [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]], [[Jews]], [[Greeks]], [[Georgian people|Georgians]], [[Arameans]], [[Melkites]], [[Mandeans]],  [[Italians]], [[Cypriot people|Cypriots]]}}
-}}
-'''Haplogroup J-M304''', also known as '''J''',<ref name="isogg2016" group=Phylogenetics>[[ISOGG]] [http://isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpJ.html  ''Y-DNA Haplogroup J and its Subclades - 2016''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818045721/https://isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpJ.html |date=18 August 2017 }} (2 February 2016).</ref> is a [[human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup]]. It is believed to have evolved in [[Western Asia]].<ref name="auto">[http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpJ.html Y-DNA Haplogroup J] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818045721/https://isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpJ.html |date=18 August 2017 }}, ISOGG, 2015</ref> The clade spread from there during the [[Neolithic]], primarily into [[North Africa]], the [[Horn of Africa]], the [[Socotra Governorate|Socotra Archipelago]], the [[Caucasus]], [[Europe]], [[Western Asia]], [[Central Asia]], [[South Asia]], and [[Southeast Asia]].
+'''Haplogroup J-M304''', also known as '''J''',<ref name="isogg2016" group=Phylogenetics>[[ISOGG]] [http://isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpJ.html  ''Y-DNA Haplogroup J and its Subclades - 2016''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818045721/https://isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpJ.html |date=18 August 2017 }} (2 February 2016).</ref> is a [[human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup]]. It is believed to have evolved in [[Western Asia]].<ref name="auto">[http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpJ.html Y-DNA Haplogroup J] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818045721/https://isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpJ.html |date=18 August 2017 }}, ISOGG, 2015</ref> The clade spread from there during the [[Neolithic]], primarily into [[North Africa]], the [[Horn of Africa]], the [[Socotra Governorate|Socotra Archipelago]], the [[Caucasus]], [[Europe]], [[Anatolia]], [[Central Asia]], [[South Asia]], and [[Southeast Asia]].
 Haplogroup J-M304 is divided into two main [[subclade]]s (branches), [[Haplogroup J-M267|J-M267]] and [[Haplogroup J-M172|J-M172]].
@@ Line 23: / Line 22: @@
 {{More citations needed|date=May 2014}}<!-- Footnotes may cover these facts, but nobody can tell WHICH footnote(s) support this section; pls improve. -->
-Haplogroup J-M304 is believed to have split from the [[haplogroup I-M170]] roughly 43,000 years ago in Western Asia,<ref name="J YTree">{{Cite web | url=https://yfull.com/tree/J/ | title=J YTree | access-date=8 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523202006/https://www.yfull.com/tree/J/ | archive-date=23 May 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> as both lineages are [[haplogroup IJ]] [[subclade]]s. Haplogroup IJ and haplogroup K derive from [[haplogroup IJK]], and only at this level of classification does haplogroup IJK join with [[Haplogroup G-M201]] and [[Haplogroup H (Y-DNA)|Haplogroup H]] as immediate descendants of [[Haplogroup F-M89]]. J-M304 (Transcaucasian origin) is defined by the M304 genetic marker, or the equivalent 12f2.1 marker. The main current subgroups J-M267 (Armenia highlands origin) and J-M172 (Zagros mountains origin), which now comprise between them almost all of the haplogroup's descendant lineages, are both believed to have arisen very early, at least 10,000 years ago. Nonetheless, Y-chromosomes F-M89* and IJ-M429* were reported to have been observed in the Iranian plateau (Grugni et al. 2012).
+Haplogroup J-M304 is believed to have split from the [[haplogroup I-M170]] roughly 43,000 years ago in Western Asia,<ref name="J YTree">{{Cite web | url=https://yfull.com/tree/J/ | title=J YTree | access-date=8 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523202006/https://www.yfull.com/tree/J/ | archive-date=23 May 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> as both lineages are [[haplogroup IJ]] [[subclade]]s. Haplogroup IJ and haplogroup K derive from [[haplogroup IJK]], and only at this level of classification does haplogroup IJK join with [[Haplogroup G-M201]] and [[Haplogroup H (Y-DNA)|Haplogroup H]] as immediate descendants of [[Haplogroup F-M89]]. J-M304 (Transcaucasian origin) is defined by the M304 genetic marker, or the equivalent 12f2.1 marker. The main current subgroups J-M267 (Armenian highlands origin) and J-M172 (Zagros mountains origin), which now comprise between them almost all of the haplogroup's descendant lineages, are both believed to have arisen very early, at least 10,000 years ago. Nonetheless, Y-chromosomes F-M89* and IJ-M429* were reported to have been observed in the Iranian plateau (Grugni et al. 2012).
 On the other hand, it would seem to be that different episodes of populace movement had impacted southeast Europe, as well as the role of the Balkans as a long-standing corridor to Europe from the Near East is shown by the phylogenetic unification of Hgs I and J by the basal M429 mutation. This proof of common ancestry suggests that ancestral Hgs IJ-M429* probably would have entered Europe through the Balkan track sometime before the [[Last Glacial Maximum|LGM]]. They then subsequently split into Hg J and Hg I in Middle East and Europe in a typical disjunctive phylogeographic pattern. Such a geographic hall{{Clarify|reason=What is a "geographic hall"?|date=June 2014}}  is prone to have encountered extra consequent gene streams, including the horticultural settlers. Moreover, the unification of haplogroups IJK creates evolutionary distance from F–H delegates, as well as supporting the inference that both IJ-M429 and KT-M9 arose closer to the Middle East than Central or East Asia.{{citation needed|date=June 2014|reason=Same paragraph was added to several articles with no source.}}
@@ Line 30: / Line 29: @@
 ==Distribution==
-Haplogroup J-M304 is found in its greatest concentration in the [[Arabian peninsula]]. Outside of this region, haplogroup J-M304 has a significant presence in other parts of the [[Middle East]] as well as in [[North Africa]], the [[Horn of Africa]], and [[Caucasus]]. It also has a moderate occurrence in [[Southern Europe]], especially in central and southern Italy, Malta, Greece and Albania. The J-M410 subclade is mostly distributed in [[Anatolia]], Greece and southern Italy. Additionally, J-M304 is observed in [[Central Asia]] and [[South Asia]], particularly in the form of its subclade J-M172. J-12f2 and J-P19 are also found among the [[Herero people|Herero]] (8%).<ref name="Wood2005">{{cite journal|last1=Wood, Elizabeth T.|s2cid=20279122|display-authors=etal|title=Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|date=2005|volume=13|issue=7|pages=867–876|url=http://sites.lsa.umich.edu/bis/wp-content/uploads/sites/171/2014/10/Wood-et-al.-2005-EJHG.pdf|access-date=24 September 2016|doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408|pmid=15856073|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924180522/http://sites.lsa.umich.edu/bis/wp-content/uploads/sites/171/2014/10/Wood-et-al.-2005-EJHG.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2016|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}</ref>
+Haplogroup J-M267 is found in its greatest concentration in the [[Arabian peninsula]]. Outside of this region, haplogroup J-M304 has a significant presence in other parts of the [[Middle East]] as well as in [[North Africa]], the [[Horn of Africa]], and the [[Caucasus]]. It also has a moderate occurrence in [[Southern Europe]], especially in central and southern Italy, Malta, Greece and Albania. The J-M410 subclade is mostly distributed in [[Anatolia]], Greece and southern Italy. Additionally, J-M304 is observed in [[Central Asia]] and [[South Asia]], particularly in the form of its subclade J-M172. J-12f2 and J-P19 are also found among the [[Herero people|Herero]] (8%).<ref name="Wood2005">{{cite journal|last1=Wood, Elizabeth T.|s2cid=20279122|display-authors=etal|title=Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|date=2005|volume=13|issue=7|pages=867–876|url=http://sites.lsa.umich.edu/bis/wp-content/uploads/sites/171/2014/10/Wood-et-al.-2005-EJHG.pdf|access-date=24 September 2016|doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408|pmid=15856073|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924180522/http://sites.lsa.umich.edu/bis/wp-content/uploads/sites/171/2014/10/Wood-et-al.-2005-EJHG.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2016|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}</ref>
 {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="margin-left: 1em" border="1"
@@ Line 60: / Line 59: @@
 |China||[[Tajik people|Tajik]]||31||0||16.1||16.1||{{harvnb|Shou|2010}}
 |-
-|China||Han Chinese||30||||10||10||{{harvnb|Xue|2006}}
+|China||Han Chinese||30||||10||10||{{harvnb|Xue|2006}}{{Verify source|date=May 2024}}
 |-
 |Cyprus||||164||9.6||12.9||22.5||{{harvnb|El-Sibai|2009}}<ref>{{harvnb|El-Sibai|2009}} reported results from several studies : {{harvnb|Di Giacomo|2003}}, {{harvnb|Al-Zahery|2003}}, {{harvnb|Flores|2004}}, {{harvnb|Cinnioglu|2004}}, {{harvnb|Capelli|2005}}, {{harvnb|Goncalves|2005}}, {{harvnb|Zalloua|2008}}, {{harvnb|Cadenas|2008}}</ref>
@@ Line 144: / Line 143: @@
 |Tunisia||||52||34.6||3.8||38.4||{{harvnb|Onofri|2008}}
 |-
-|Tunisia||Sousse||220||25.9||8.2||34.1||{{harvnb|Fadhlaoui-Zid|2015}}
+|Tunisia||Sousse||220||25.9||8.2||34.1||{{harvnb|Fadhlaoui-Zid|2014}}
 |-
 |Tunisia||Tunis||148||32.4||3.4||35.8||{{harvnb|Arredi|2004}}
@@ Line 159: / Line 158: @@
 ====J-M304*====
-[[Paragroup]] J-M304*<ref name="J-M304" group=Phylogenetics/> includes all of J-M304 except for J-M267, J-M172 and their subclades. J-M304* is rarely found outside of the island of Socotra, belonging to Yemen, where it is extremely frequent at 71.4%.<ref>{{harvnb|Černý|2009}}: J-12f2(xM267, M172)(45/63) {{cite journal|last1=Černý |first1=Viktor|title=Out of Arabia—the settlement of island Soqotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|date=2009|volume=138|issue=4|pages=439–447|url=http://ychrom.invint.net/upload/iblock/f30/Cerny%202009%20Out%20of%20ArabiarusThe%20Settlement%20of%20Island%20Soqotra%20as%20Revealed%20by%20Mitochondrial%20and%20Y.pdf|access-date=12 June 2016|display-authors=etal|doi=10.1002/ajpa.20960|pmid=19012329|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006125303/http://ychrom.invint.net/upload/iblock/f30/Cerny%202009%20Out%20of%20ArabiarusThe%20Settlement%20of%20Island%20Soqotra%20as%20Revealed%20by%20Mitochondrial%20and%20Y.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Haplogroup J-M304* also has been found with lower frequency in [[Oman]] {{harv|Di Giacomo|2004}}, [[Ashkenazi Jews]],<ref name="Shen2004">{{harvnb|Shen|2004}}: Haplogroup J-M304(xM267, M172) in 1/20 Ashkenazi Jews.</ref> [[Saudi Arabia]] {{harv|Abu-Amero|2009}}, [[Greece]] {{harv|Di Giacomo|2004}}, the [[Czech Republic]] ({{harvnb|Di Giacomo|2004}} and {{harvnb|Luca|2007}}), [[Uygurs]]<ref>Zhong et al (2011), [http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/717.full Mol Biol Evol January 1, 2011 vol. 28 no. 1 717-727] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823124234/http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/717.full |date=23 August 2011 }}, [http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/suppl/2010/09/08/msq247.DC1/mbe-10-0424-File008.xls See Table]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref> and several [[Turkic peoples]].<ref name="yunusbaev2006a">{{harvnb|Yunusbaev|2006a}}:Stats are for combined Dagestan ethnic groups see the [[Dagestan]] article for details. [[Dargins]] (91%), [[Caucasian Avars|Avars]] (67%), [[Chamalins]] (67%), [[Lezgins]] (58%), [[Tabassarans]] (49%), [[Andi (people)|Andis]] (37%), [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] (29%), [[Bagvalins]] (21.4%))</ref> ({{harvnb|Cinnioglu|2004}} and {{harvnb|Varzari|2006}}).
+[[Paragroup]] J-M304*<ref name="J-M304" group=Phylogenetics/> includes all of J-M304 except for J-M267, J-M172 and their subclades. J-M304* is rarely found outside of the island of Socotra, belonging to Yemen, where it is extremely frequent at 71.4% and j1-267 for the rest with no j2<ref>{{harvnb|Černý|2009}}: J-12f2(xM267, M172)(45/63) {{cite journal|last1=Černý |first1=Viktor|title=Out of Arabia—the settlement of island Socotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|date=2009|volume=138|issue=4|pages=439–447|url=http://ychrom.invint.net/upload/iblock/f30/Cerny%202009%20Out%20of%20ArabiarusThe%20Settlement%20of%20Island%20Soqotra%20as%20Revealed%20by%20Mitochondrial%20and%20Y.pdf|access-date=12 June 2016|display-authors=etal|doi=10.1002/ajpa.20960|pmid=19012329|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006125303/http://ychrom.invint.net/upload/iblock/f30/Cerny%202009%20Out%20of%20ArabiarusThe%20Settlement%20of%20Island%20Soqotra%20as%20Revealed%20by%20Mitochondrial%20and%20Y.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Haplogroup J-M304* also has been found with lower frequency in [[Oman]] {{harv|Di Giacomo|2004}}, [[Ashkenazi Jews]],<ref name="Shen2004">{{harvnb|Shen|2004}}: Haplogroup J-M304(xM267, M172) in 1/20 Ashkenazi Jews.</ref> [[Saudi Arabia]] {{harv|Abu-Amero|2009}}, [[Greece]] {{harv|Di Giacomo|2004}}, the [[Czech Republic]] ({{harvnb|Di Giacomo|2004}} and {{harvnb|Luca|2007}}), [[Uygurs]]<ref>Zhong et al (2011), [http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/717.full Mol Biol Evol January 1, 2011 vol. 28 no. 1 717-727] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823124234/http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/717.full |date=23 August 2011 }}, [http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/suppl/2010/09/08/msq247.DC1/mbe-10-0424-File008.xls See Table]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref> and several [[Turkic peoples]].<ref name="yunusbaev2006a">{{harvnb|Yunusbaev|2006}}:Stats are for combined Dagestan ethnic groups see the [[Dagestan]] article for details. [[Dargins]] (91%), [[Caucasian Avars|Avars]] (67%), [[Chamalins]] (67%), [[Lezgins]] (58%), [[Tabassarans]] (49%), [[Andi (people)|Andis]] (37%), [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] (29%), [[Bagvalins]] (21.4%))</ref> ({{harvnb|Cinnioglu|2004}} and {{harvnb|Varzari|2006}}).
-[[YFull]]<ref name="J YTree">{{Cite web | url=https://yfull.com/tree/J/ | title=J YTree | access-date=8 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523202006/https://www.yfull.com/tree/J/ | archive-date=23 May 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> and [[FTDNA]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Y-DNA_J/default.aspx?section=yresults |title=FamilyTreeDNA - Y-DNA J Haplogroup Project |access-date=28 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212102212/https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Y-DNA_J/default.aspx?section=yresults |archive-date=12 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> have however failed to find J* people anywhere in the world although there are 2 J2-Y130506 persons and 1 J1 person from Soqotra.
+[[YFull]]<ref name="J YTree">{{Cite web | url=https://yfull.com/tree/J/ | title=J YTree | access-date=8 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523202006/https://www.yfull.com/tree/J/ | archive-date=23 May 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> and [[FTDNA]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Y-DNA_J/default.aspx?section=yresults |title=FamilyTreeDNA - Y-DNA J Haplogroup Project |access-date=28 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212102212/https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Y-DNA_J/default.aspx?section=yresults |archive-date=12 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> have however failed to find J* people anywhere in the world although there are 2 J2-Y130506 persons and 1 J1 person from Soqotra. But Cerny 2009 study found 9 J1 persons in Soqotra/Socotra and majority of J* and no J2, hypothesizing a J1 founder effect in Socotra.
 The following gives a summary of most of the studies which specifically tested for J-M267 and J-M172, showing its distribution in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia.
@@ Line 170: / Line 169: @@
 Haplogroup '''J-M267'''<ref name="J-M267" group=Phylogenetics/> defined by the M267 SNP is in modern times most frequent in the Arabian Peninsula: [[Yemen]] (up to 76%),<ref>
 *{{harvnb|Alshamali|2009}}: 81% (84/104)
-*{{harvnb|Malouf|2008}}: 70% (28/40)
 *{{harvnb|Cadenas|2008}}: 45/62=72.6% J-M267
-</ref> [[Saudi people|Saudi]] (up to 64%) {{harv|Alshamali|2009}}, [[Qatar]] (58%),<ref>{{harvnb|Cadenas|2008}}: 42/72=58.3% J-M267</ref> and [[Dagestan]] (up to 56%).<ref name="yunusbaev2006b">{{harvnb|Yunusbaev|2006b}}: [[Dargwa people|Dargwas]] (91%), [[Avars (Caucasus)|Avars]] (67%), [[Chamalins]] (67%), [[Lezgins]] (58%), [[Tabasaran people|Tabassarans]] (49%), [[Andi people|Andis]] (37%), [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] (29%), [[Bagvalins]] (21.4%))stats combined Dagestan ethnic groups see [[Dagestan]] article</ref> J-M267 is generally frequent among Arab [[Bedouins]] (62%),<ref>{{harvnb|Nebel|2001}}: 21/32</ref> [[Ashkenazi Jews]] (20%) {{harv|Semino|2004}}, [[Algeria]] (up to 35%) {{harv|Semino|2004}}, [[Iraq]] (28%) {{harv|Semino|2004}}, [[Tunisia]] (up to 31%),<ref>31% is based on Combined Data
+</ref> [[Saudi people|Saudi]] (up to 64%) {{harv|Alshamali|2009}}, [[Qatar]] (58%),<ref>{{harvnb|Cadenas|2008}}: 42/72=58.3% J-M267</ref> and [[Dagestan]] (up to 56%).<ref name="yunusbaev2006b">{{harvnb|Yunusbaev|2006}}: [[Dargwa people|Dargwas]] (91%), [[Avars (Caucasus)|Avars]] (67%), [[Chamalins]] (67%), [[Lezgins]] (58%), [[Tabasaran people|Tabassarans]] (49%), [[Andi people|Andis]] (37%), [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] (29%), [[Bagvalins]] (21.4%))stats combined Dagestan ethnic groups see [[Dagestan]] article</ref> J-M267 is generally frequent among Arab [[Bedouins]] (62%),<ref>{{harvnb|Nebel|2001}}: 21/32</ref> [[Ashkenazi Jews]] (20%) {{harv|Semino|2004}}, [[Algeria]] (up to 35%) {{harv|Semino|2004}}, [[Iraq]] (28%) {{harv|Semino|2004}}, [[Tunisia]] (up to 31%),<ref>31% is based on Combined Data
 *{{harvnb|Semino|2004}}: 30%
 *{{harvnb|Arredi|2004}}: 32%
@@ Line 188: / Line 186: @@
 Haplogroup '''J-M172'''<ref name="J-M172" group=Phylogenetics/> is found in the highest concentrations in the [[Caucasus]] and the [[Fertile Crescent]]/[[Iraq]] and is found throughout the [[Mediterranean]] (including the [[Italy|Italian]], [[Balkan]], [[Anatolia]]n and [[Iberian Peninsula|Iberian]] peninsulas and [[North Africa]]) {{harv|Di Giacomo|2003}}.
-The highest ever reported concentration of J-M172 was 72% in Northeastern [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] {{harv|Nasidze|2004}}. Other high reports include [[Ingush people|Ingush]] 32% {{harv|Nasidze|2004}}, [[Cyprus|Cypriots]] 30-37% (Capelli 2005), [[Lebanese people|Lebanese]] 30% (Wells et al. 2001), [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]], [[Mandaeans|Mandean]] and [[Arab]] [[Iraqis]] 29.7% (Sanchez et al. 2005){{Full citation needed|date=February 2020}}, [[Syria]]ns and [[Assyrian people|Syriacs]] 22.5%, [[Kurds]] 24%-28%, [[Pashtuns]] 20-30%,<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0034288| pmid=22470552| pmc=3314501|title = Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events| journal=PLOS ONE| volume=7| issue=3| pages=e34288|year = 2012|last1 = Haber|first1 = Marc| last2=Platt| first2=Daniel E.| last3=Ashrafian Bonab| first3=Maziar| last4=Youhanna| first4=Sonia C.| last5=Soria-Hernanz| first5=David F.| last6=Martínez-Cruz| first6=Begoña| last7=Douaihy| first7=Bouchra| last8=Ghassibe-Sabbagh| first8=Michella| last9=Rafatpanah| first9=Hoshang| last10=Ghanbari| first10=Mohsen| last11=Whale| first11=John| last12=Balanovsky| first12=Oleg| last13=Wells| first13=R. Spencer| last14=Comas| first14=David| last15=Tyler-Smith| first15=Chris| last16=Zalloua| first16=Pierre A.| bibcode=2012PLoSO...734288H| doi-access=free}}</ref>[[Iran]]ians 23% {{harv|Aburto|2006}}, [[Ashkenazi Jews]] 24%, [[Palestinian Arabs]] 16.8%-25%, [[Sephardic Jews]] 29%<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B8JDD-4R29JBW-M-M&_cdi=43612&_user=1464331&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F2001&_sk=%23TOC%2343612%232001%23999309994%23673102%23FLA%23display%23Volume_69%2C_Issue_5%2C_Pages_i-ii%2C_923-1160_%28November_2001%29%23tagged%23Volume%23first%3D69%23Issue%23first%3D5%23date%23%28November_2001%29%23&view=c&_gw=y&wchp=dGLzVlz-zSkWA&md5=0d7ca8f01e76959310fd630f4ee8b621&ie=%2Fsdarticle.pdf |title=Volume 69 |access-date=11 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131064709/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B8JDD-4R29JBW-M-M&_cdi=43612&_user=1464331&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F2001&_sk=%23TOC%2343612%232001%23999309994%23673102%23FLA%23display%23Volume_69%2C_Issue_5%2C_Pages_i-ii%2C_923-1160_%28November_2001%29%23tagged%23Volume%23first%3D69%23Issue%23first%3D5%23date%23%28November_2001%29%23&view=c&_gw=y&wchp=dGLzVlz-zSkWA&md5=0d7ca8f01e76959310fd630f4ee8b621&ie=%2Fsdarticle.pdf |archive-date=31 January 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and North Indian [[Shia Muslim]] 18%, Chechens 26%, Balkars 24%, Yaghnobis 32%, Armenians 21-24%, and Azerbaijanis 24%-48%.
+The highest ever reported concentration of J-M172 was 72% in Northeastern [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] {{harv|Nasidze|2004}}. Other high reports include [[Ingush people|Ingush]] 32% {{harv|Nasidze|2004}}, [[Cyprus|Cypriots]] 30-37% (Capelli 2005), [[Lebanese people|Lebanese]] 30% (Wells et al. 2001), [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]], [[Mandaeans|Mandean]] and [[Arab]] [[Iraqis]] 29.7% (Sanchez et al. 2005){{Full citation needed|date=February 2020}}, [[Syria]]ns and [[Assyrian people|Syriacs]] 22.5%, [[Kurds]] 24%-28%, [[Pashtuns]] 20-30%,<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0034288| pmid=22470552| pmc=3314501|title = Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events| journal=PLOS ONE| volume=7| issue=3| pages=e34288|year = 2012|last1 = Haber|first1 = Marc| last2=Platt| first2=Daniel E.| last3=Ashrafian Bonab| first3=Maziar| last4=Youhanna| first4=Sonia C.| last5=Soria-Hernanz| first5=David F.| last6=Martínez-Cruz| first6=Begoña| last7=Douaihy| first7=Bouchra| last8=Ghassibe-Sabbagh| first8=Michella| last9=Rafatpanah| first9=Hoshang| last10=Ghanbari| first10=Mohsen| last11=Whale| first11=John| last12=Balanovsky| first12=Oleg| last13=Wells| first13=R. Spencer| last14=Comas| first14=David| last15=Tyler-Smith| first15=Chris| last16=Zalloua| first16=Pierre A.| bibcode=2012PLoSO...734288H| doi-access=free}}</ref>[[Iran]]ians 23% {{harv|Aburto|2006}}, [[Ashkenazi Jews]] 24%, [[Palestinian Arabs]] 16.8%-25%, [[Sephardic Jews]] 29%<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nebel |first1=Almut |last2=Filon |first2=Dvora |last3=Brinkmann |first3=Bernd |last4=Majumder |first4=Partha P. |last5=Faerman |first5=Marina |last6=Oppenheim |first6=Ariella |title=The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=November 2001 |volume=69 |issue=5 |pages=1095–1112 |doi=10.1086/324070 |pmid=11573163 |pmc=1274378 }}</ref> and North Indian [[Shia Muslim]] 18%, Chechens 26%, Balkars 24%, Yaghnobis 32%, Armenians 21-24%, and Azerbaijanis 24%-48%.
 In South Asia, J2-M172 was found to be significantly higher among [[Dravidian peoples|Dravidian]] castes at 19% than among [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] castes at 11%. J2-M172 and J-M410 is found 21% among [[Dravidian peoples|Dravidian]] middle castes, followed by upper castes, 18.6%, and lower castes 14%. {{harv|Sengupta|2006}}<ref name="ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">{{cite journal | pmc = 1380230 | pmid=16400607 | doi=10.1086/499411 | volume=78 | issue=2 | title=Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists | date=February 2006 | journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. | pages=202–21 | last1 = Sengupta | first1 = S | last2 = Zhivotovsky | first2 = LA | last3 = King | first3 = R | display-authors = etal  }}</ref> Subclades of M172 such as M67 and M92 were not found in either Indian or Pakistani samples which also might hint at a partial common origin.{{harv|Sengupta|2006}}<ref name="ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"/>
@@ Line 297: / Line 295: @@
 == Prominent members of J ==
+* [[Ben Affleck]]<ref name=":0"/>
+* [[Qajar dynasty]]<ref name=":1"/>
+* [[Fifth dynasty of Egypt]]<ref>{{cite journal | pmc=5459999 | year=2017 | last1=Schuenemann | first1=V. J. | last2=Peltzer | first2=A. | last3=Welte | first3=B. | last4=Van Pelt | first4=W. P. | last5=Molak | first5=M. | last6=Wang | first6=C. C. | last7=Furtwängler | first7=A. | last8=Urban | first8=C. | last9=Reiter | first9=E. | last10=Nieselt | first10=K. | last11=Teßmann | first11=B. | last12=Francken | first12=M. | last13=Harvati | first13=K. | last14=Haak | first14=W. | last15=Schiffels | first15=S. | last16=Krause | first16=J. | title=Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods | journal=Nature Communications | volume=8 | page=15694 | doi=10.1038/ncomms15694 | pmid=28556824 | bibcode=2017NatCo...815694S }}</ref>
+* [[Khabib Nurmagomedov]]<ref name=":0"/>
-* [[Ben Affleck]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maciamo |title=Eupedia |url=http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_J2_Y-DNA.shtml |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=Eupedia |language=en}}</ref>
-* [[Qajar dynasty]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maciamo |title=Eupedia |url=http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_J1_Y-DNA.shtml |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=Eupedia |language=en}}</ref>
-* [[Ottoman dynasty]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ottoman prince (descendant of Sultan Abdulaziz) has J2 haplogroup |url=http://www.ysearch.org/lastname_view.asp?uid=&letter=&lastname=sultan&viewuid=94A9M&p=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806214511/http://www.ysearch.org/lastname_view.asp?uid=&letter=&lastname=sultan&viewuid=94A9M&p=0 |website=[[Ysearch]]| archive-date=15 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sultans of the Ottoman dynasty may have belonged to haplogroup R1a or J2 [Archive] - Eupedia Forum |url=https://www.eupedia.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-29733.html |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=www.eupedia.com}}</ref>
-* [[Khabib Nurmagomedov]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maciamo |title=Eupedia |url=http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_J2_Y-DNA.shtml |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=Eupedia |language=en}}</ref>
 * [[House of Saud]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Maciamo |title=Eupedia |url=http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_J1_Y-DNA.shtml |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=Eupedia |language=en}}</ref>
 * [[Vincent van Gogh]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to FamilyTreeDNA Discover (Beta) |url=https://discover.familytreedna.com/ |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=FamilyTreeDNA Discover (Beta) |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
 * [[Rothschild family]]<ref name=":0" />
+* [[Dustin Hoffman]]<ref name=":1"/>
-* [[Dustin Hoffman]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maciamo |title=Eupedia |url=http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_J1_Y-DNA.shtml |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=Eupedia |language=en}}</ref>
+* [[Bernard Montgomery]]<ref name=":0"/>
-* [[Bernard Montgomery]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maciamo |title=Eupedia |url=http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_J2_Y-DNA.shtml |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=Eupedia |language=en}}</ref>
+* [[John Stamos]]<ref name=":0"/>
-* [[John Stamos]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maciamo |title=Eupedia |url=http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_J2_Y-DNA.shtml |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=Eupedia |language=en}}</ref>
+* [[Bernie Sanders]]<ref name=":0"/>
-* [[Bernie Sanders]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maciamo |title=Eupedia |url=http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_J2_Y-DNA.shtml |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=Eupedia |language=en}}</ref>
+* [[Dzhokhar Dudayev]]<ref name=":0"/>
-* [[Francesco Petrarca]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pilli |first1=Elena |last2=Fox |first2=Carles Lalueza |last3=Capelli |first3=Cristian |last4=Lari |first4=Martina |last5=Sampietro |first5=Lourdes |last6=Gigli |first6=Elena |last7=Milani |first7=Lucio |last8=Guimaraes |first8=Silvia |last9=Chiarelli |first9=Brunetto |last10=Marin |first10=Vito Terribile Wien |last11=Casoli |first11=Antonella |date=2008-08-01 |title=Ancient DNA and forensics genetics: The case of Francesco Petrarca |url=https://www.fsigeneticssup.com/article/S1875-1768(08)00003-6/abstract |journal=Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series |language=English |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=469–470 |doi=10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.11.001 |issn=1875-1768|doi-access=free }}</ref>
-* [[Dzhokhar Dudayev]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maciamo |title=Eupedia |url=http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_J2_Y-DNA.shtml |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=Eupedia |language=en}}</ref>
 * [[Adam Sandler]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Maciamo |title=Eupedia |url=http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_J2_Y-DNA.shtml |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=Eupedia |language=en}}</ref>
@@ Line 360: / Line 354: @@
 '''Journals'''
 * {{Cite journal|author=Y Chromosome Consortium "YCC"|year=2002|doi=10.1101/gr.217602|title=A Nomenclature System for the Tree of Human Y-Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups|journal=Genome Research|volume=12|issue=2|pages=339–48|pmid=11827954|pmc=155271}}
-* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Abu-Amero|2009}} |last1=Abu-Amero|year=2009|doi=10.1186/1471-2156-10-59|title=Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions|first1=Khaled K|last2=Hellani|first2=Ali|last3=González|first3=Ana M|last4=Larruga|first4=Jose M|last5=Cabrera|first5=Vicente M|last6=Underhill|first6=Peter A|journal=BMC Genetics|volume=10|pages=59|pmid=19772609|pmc=2759955}}
+* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Abu-Amero|2009}} |last1=Abu-Amero|year=2009|doi=10.1186/1471-2156-10-59|title=Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions|first1=Khaled K|last2=Hellani|first2=Ali|last3=González|first3=Ana M|last4=Larruga|first4=Jose M|last5=Cabrera|first5=Vicente M|last6=Underhill|first6=Peter A|journal=BMC Genetics|volume=10|pages=59|pmid=19772609|pmc=2759955 |doi-access=free }}
+* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Al-Zahery|2003}} |last1=Al-Zahery |first1=N. |last2=Semino |first2=O. |last3=Benuzzi |first3=G. |last4=Magri |first4=C. |last5=Passarino |first5=G. |last6=Torroni |first6=A. |last7=Santachiara-Benerecetti |first7=A.S. |title=Y-chromosome and mtDNA polymorphisms in Iraq, a crossroad of the early human dispersal and of post-Neolithic migrations |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=September 2003 |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=458–472 |doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00039-3|pmid=12927131 |bibcode=2003MolPE..28..458A }}
 * {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Alshamali|2009}} |last1=Alshamali|year=2009|doi=10.1159/000210448|title=Local Population Structure in Arabian Peninsula Revealed by Y-STR diversity|first1=Farida|last2=Pereira|first2=Luísa|last3=Budowle|first3=Bruce|last4=Poloni|first4=Estella S.|last5=Currat|first5=Mathias|journal=Human Heredity|volume=68|pages=45–54|pmid=19339785|issue=1|doi-access=free}}
 * {{Cite journal |ref={{harvid|Arredi|2004}} |last1=Arredi |year=2004 |title=A predominantly neolithic origin for Y-chromosomal DNA variation in North Africa |first1=B |last2=Poloni |first2=E |last3=Paracchini |first3=S |last4=Zerjal |first4=T |last5=Fathallah |first5=D |last6=Makrelouf |first6=M |last7=Pascali |first7=V |last8=Novelletto |first8=A |last9=Tyler-Smith |first9=C |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=75 |issue=2 |pages=338–45 |pmid=15202071 |pmc=1216069 |doi=10.1086/423147}}
 * {{Cite journal |ref={{harvid|Balanovsky|2011}} |last1=Balanovsky |year=2011 |title=Parallel evolution of genes and languages in the Caucasus region |first1=O. |last2=Dibirova |first2=K. |last3=Dybo |first3=A. |last4=Mudrak |first4=O. |last5=Frolova |first5=S. |last6=Pocheshkhova |first6=E. |last7=Haber |first7=M. |last8=Platt |first8=D. |last9=Schurr |first9=T. |last10=Haak |first10=W. |last11=Kuznetsova |first11=M. |last12=Radzhabov |first12=M. |last13=Balaganskaya |first13=O. |last14=Romanov |first14=A. |last15=Zakharova |first15=T. |last16=Soria Hernanz |first16=D. F. |last17=Zalloua |first17=P. |last18=Koshel |first18=S. |last19=Ruhlen |first19=M. |last20=Renfrew |first20=C. |last21=Wells |first21=R. S. |last22=Tyler-Smith |first22=C. |last23=Balanovska |first23=E. |last24=Genographic Consortium |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=28 |issue=10 |pages=2905–20 |pmid=21571925 |pmc=3355373 |display-authors=8 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msr126}}
 * {{Cite journal |ref={{harvid|Battaglia|2008}} |last1=Battaglia |year=2009 |title=Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe |first1=Vincenza |last2=Fornarino |first2=Simona |last3=Al-Zahery |first3=Nadia |last4=Olivieri |first4=Anna |last5=Pala |first5=Maria |last6=Myres |first6=Natalie M |last7=King |first7=Roy J |last8=Rootsi |first8=Siiri |last9=Marjanovic |first9=Damir |last10=Primorac |first10=Dragan |last11=Hadziselimovic |first11=Rifat |last12=Vidovic |first12=Stojko |last13=Drobnic |first13=Katia |last14=Durmishi |first14=Naser |last15=Torroni |first15=Antonio |last16=Santachiara-Benerecetti |first16=A Silvana |last17=Underhill |first17=Peter A |last18=Semino |first18=Ornella |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=820–30 |pmid=19107149 |pmc=2947100 |display-authors=8 |doi=10.1038/ejhg.2008.249}}
-* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Bosch|2006}} |last1=Bosch |first1=E. |last2=Calafell |first2=F. |last3=Gonzalez-Neira |first3=A. |last4=Flaiz |first4=C. |last5=Mateu |first5=E. |last6=Scheil |first6=H.-G. |last7=Huckenbeck |first7=W. |last8=Efremovska |first8=L. |last9=Mikerezi |first9=I. |last10=Xirotiris |first10=N. |last11=Grasa |first11=C. |last12=Schmidt |first12=H. |last13=Comas |first13=D. |title=Paternal and maternal lineages in the Balkans show a homogeneous landscape over linguistic barriers, except for the isolated Aromuns |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |date=July 2006 |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=459–487 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1809.2005.00251.x}}
+* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Bosch|2006}} |last1=Bosch |first1=E. |last2=Calafell |first2=F. |last3=Gonzalez-Neira |first3=A. |last4=Flaiz |first4=C. |last5=Mateu |first5=E. |last6=Scheil |first6=H.-G. |last7=Huckenbeck |first7=W. |last8=Efremovska |first8=L. |last9=Mikerezi |first9=I. |last10=Xirotiris |first10=N. |last11=Grasa |first11=C. |last12=Schmidt |first12=H. |last13=Comas |first13=D. |title=Paternal and maternal lineages in the Balkans show a homogeneous landscape over linguistic barriers, except for the isolated Aromuns |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |date=July 2006 |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=459–487 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1809.2005.00251.x|pmid=16759179 |s2cid=23156886 }}
 * {{Cite journal |ref={{harvid|Cadenas|2008}} |last1=Cadenas |year=2008 |title=Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman |first1=Alicia M |last2=Zhivotovsky |first2=Lev A |last3=Cavalli-Sforza |first3=Luca L |last4=Underhill |first4=Peter A |last5=Herrera |first5=Rene J |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=374–86 |pmid=17928816 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201934 |doi-access=free}}
+* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Capelli|2005}} |last1=Capelli |first1=C. |last2=Redhead |first2=N. |last3=Romano |first3=V. |last4=Cali |first4=F. |last5=Lefranc |first5=G. |last6=Delague |first6=V. |last7=Megarbane |first7=A. |last8=Felice |first8=A. E. |last9=Pascali |first9=V. L. |last10=Neophytou |first10=P. I. |last11=Poulli |first11=Z. |last12=Novelletto |first12=A. |last13=Malaspina |first13=P. |last14=Terrenato |first14=L. |last15=Berebbi |first15=A. |last16=Fellous |first16=M. |last17=Thomas |first17=M. G. |last18=Goldstein |first18=D. B. |title=Population Structure in the Mediterranean Basin: A Y Chromosome Perspective |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |date=March 2006 |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=207–225 |doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00224.x|pmid=16626331 |s2cid=25536759 |hdl=2108/37090 |hdl-access=free }}
+* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Capelli|2007}} |last1=Capelli |first1=Cristian |last2=Brisighelli |first2=Francesca |last3=Scarnicci |first3=Francesca |last4=Arredi |first4=Barbara |last5=Caglia’ |first5=Alessandra |last6=Vetrugno |first6=Giuseppe |last7=Tofanelli |first7=Sergio |last8=Onofri |first8=Valerio |last9=Tagliabracci |first9=Adriano |last10=Paoli |first10=Giorgio |last11=Pascali |first11=Vincenzo L. |title=Y chromosome genetic variation in the Italian peninsula is clinal and supports an admixture model for the Mesolithic–Neolithic encounter |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=July 2007 |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=228–239 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.030|pmid=17275346 |bibcode=2007MolPE..44..228C }}
 * {{cite journal|last1=Chiaroni|year=2009|doi=10.1038/ejhg.2009.166|title=The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations|first1=Jacques|last2=King|first2=Roy J|last3=Myres|first3=Natalie M|last4=Henn|first4=Brenna M|last5=Ducourneau|first5=Axel|last6=Mitchell|first6=Michael J|last7=Boetsch|first7=Gilles|last8=Sheikha|first8=Issa|last9=Lin|first9=Alice A|last10=Nik-Ahd|first10=Mahnoosh|last11=Ahmad|first11=Jabeen|last12=Lattanzi|first12=Francesca|last13=Herrera|first13=Rene J|last14=Ibrahim|first14=Muntaser E|last15=Brody|first15=Aaron|last16=Semino|first16=Ornella|last17=Kivisild|first17=Toomas|last18=Underhill|first18=Peter A|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|volume=18|issue=3|pages=348–53|pmid=19826455|pmc=2987219|display-authors=8}}
 * {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Chiaroni|2010}} |last1=Chiaroni|year=2010|doi=10.1038/ejhg.2009.166|title=The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations|first1=Jacques|last2=King|first2=Roy J|last3=Myres|first3=Natalie M|last4=Henn|first4=Brenna M|last5=Ducourneau|first5=Axel|last6=Mitchell|first6=Michael J|last7=Boetsch|first7=Gilles|last8=Sheikha|first8=Issa|last9=Lin|first9=Alice A|last10=Nik-Ahd|first10=Mahnoosh|last11=Ahmad|first11=Jabeen|last12=Lattanzi|first12=Francesca|last13=Herrera|first13=Rene J|last14=Ibrahim|first14=Muntaser E|last15=Brody|first15=Aaron|last16=Semino|first16=Ornella|last17=Kivisild|first17=Toomas|last18=Underhill|first18=Peter A|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|volume=18|issue=3|pages=348–53|pmid=19826455|pmc=2987219|display-authors=8}}
 * {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Cinnioglu|2004}} |last1=Cinnioglu|year=2004|doi=10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4|title=Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia|first1=Cengiz|last2=King|first2=Roy|last3=Kivisild|first3=Toomas|last4=Kalfoglu|first4=Ersi|last5=Atasoy|first5=Sevil|last6=Cavalleri|first6=Gianpiero L.|last7=Lillie|first7=Anita S.|last8=Roseman|first8=Charles C.|last9=Lin|first9=Alice A.|last10=Prince|first10=Kristina|last11=Oefner|first11=Peter J.|last12=Shen|first12=Peidong|last13=Semino|first13=Ornella|last14=Cavalli-Sforza|first14=L. Luca|last15=Underhill|first15=Peter A.|s2cid=10763736|journal=Human Genetics|volume=114|issue=2|pages=127–48|pmid=14586639|display-authors=8}}
-* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Di Giacomo|2003}} |last1=Di Giacomo|year=2003|doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00016-2|title=Clinal patterns of human Y chromosomal diversity in continental Italy and Greece are dominated by drift and founder effects|first1=F.|last2=Luca|first2=F.|last3=Anagnou|first3=N.|last4=Ciavarella|first4=G.|last5=Corbo|first5=R.M.|last6=Cresta|first6=M.|last7=Cucci|first7=F.|last8=Di Stasi|first8=L.|last9=Agostiano|first9=V.|last10=Giparaki|first10=M.|last11=Loutradis|first11=A.|last12=Mammi'|first12=C.|last13=Michalodimitrakis|first13=E.N.|last14=Papola|first14=F.|last15=Pedicini|first15=G.|last16=Plata|first16=E.|last17=Terrenato|first17=L.|last18=Tofanelli|first18=S.|last19=Malaspina|first19=P.|last20=Novelletto|first20=A.|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=28|issue=3|pages=387–95|pmid=12927125|display-authors=8}}
+* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Di Giacomo|2003}} |last1=Di Giacomo|year=2003|doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00016-2|title=Clinal patterns of human Y chromosomal diversity in continental Italy and Greece are dominated by drift and founder effects|first1=F.|last2=Luca|first2=F.|last3=Anagnou|first3=N.|last4=Ciavarella|first4=G.|last5=Corbo|first5=R.M.|last6=Cresta|first6=M.|last7=Cucci|first7=F.|last8=Di Stasi|first8=L.|last9=Agostiano|first9=V.|last10=Giparaki|first10=M.|last11=Loutradis|first11=A.|last12=Mammi'|first12=C.|last13=Michalodimitrakis|first13=E.N.|last14=Papola|first14=F.|last15=Pedicini|first15=G.|last16=Plata|first16=E.|last17=Terrenato|first17=L.|last18=Tofanelli|first18=S.|last19=Malaspina|first19=P.|last20=Novelletto|first20=A.|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=28|issue=3|pages=387–95|pmid=12927125|bibcode=2003MolPE..28..387D |display-authors=8}}
 * {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Di Giacomo|2004}} |last1=Di Giacomo|year=2004|doi=10.1007/s00439-004-1168-9|title=Y chromosomal haplogroup J as a signature of the post-neolithic colonization of Europe|first1=F.|last2=Luca|first2=F.|last3=Popa|first3=L. O.|last4=Akar|first4=N.|last5=Anagnou|first5=N.|last6=Banyko|first6=J.|last7=Brdicka|first7=R.|last8=Barbujani|first8=G.|last9=Papola|first9=F.|last10=Ciavarella|first10=G.|last11=Cucci|first11=F.|last12=Stasi|first12=L.|last13=Gavrila|first13=L.|last14=Kerimova|first14=M. G.|last15=Kovatchev|first15=D.|last16=Kozlov|first16=A. I.|last17=Loutradis|first17=A.|last18=Mandarino|first18=V.|last19=Mammi′|first19=C.|last20=Michalodimitrakis|first20=E. N.|last21=Paoli|first21=G.|last22=Pappa|first22=K. I.|last23=Pedicini|first23=G.|last24=Terrenato|first24=L.|last25=Tofanelli|first25=S.|last26=Malaspina|first26=P.|last27=Novelletto|first27=A.|s2cid=18482536|journal=Human Genetics|volume=115|issue=5|pages=357–71|pmid=15322918|display-authors=8}}
+* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Eaaswarkhanth|2009}} |last1=Eaaswarkhanth |first1=Muthukrishnan |last2=Haque |first2=Ikramul |last3=Ravesh |first3=Zeinab |last4=Romero |first4=Irene Gallego |last5=Meganathan |first5=Poorlin Ramakodi |last6=Dubey |first6=Bhawna |last7=Khan |first7=Faizan Ahmed |last8=Chaubey |first8=Gyaneshwer |last9=Kivisild |first9=Toomas |last10=Tyler-Smith |first10=Chris |last11=Singh |first11=Lalji |last12=Thangaraj |first12=Kumarasamy |title=Traces of sub-Saharan and Middle Eastern lineages in Indian Muslim populations |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |date=March 2010 |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=354–363 |doi=10.1038/ejhg.2009.168|pmid=19809480 |pmc=2859343 }}
 * {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|El-Sibai|2009}} |last1=El-Sibai |year=2009 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00538.x |title=Geographical Structure of the Y-chromosomal Genetic Landscape of the Levant: A coastal-inland contrast |first1=M. |last2=Platt |first2=D. E. |last3=Haber |first3=M. |last4=Xue |first4=Y. |last5=Youhanna |first5=S. C. |last6=Wells |first6=R. S. |last7=Izaabel |first7=H. |last8=Sanyoura |first8=M. F. |last9=Harmanani |first9=H. |last10=Bonab |first10=M. A. |last11=Behbehani |first11=J. |last12=Hashwa |first12=F. |last13=Tyler-Smith |first13=C. |last14=Zalloua |first14=P. A. |last15=Genographic |first15=Consortium |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=73 |issue=6 |pages=568–81 |pmid=19686289 |pmc=3312577}}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Fadhlaoui-Zid |first1=Karima |doi=10.1038/jhg.2014.99 |volume=60 |title=Sousse: extreme genetic heterogeneity in North Africa |year=2014 |journal=Journal of Human Genetics |pages=41–49 |issue=1 |pmid=25471516 |s2cid=25186140|doi-access=free }}
-* {{Cite journal |ref={{harvid|Goncalves|2005}} |last1=Gonçalves |year=2005 |title=Y-chromosome lineages from Portugal, Madeira and Açores record elements of Sephardim and Berber ancestry |first1=Rita |last2=Freitas |first2=Ana |last3=Branco |first3=Marta |last4=Rosa |first4=Alexandra |last5=Fernandes |first5=Ana T. |last6=Zhivotovsky |first6=Lev A. |last7=Underhill |first7=Peter A. |last8=Kivisild |first8=Toomas |last9=Brehm |first9=Antonio |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=69 |issue=Pt 4 |pages=443–454 |pmid=15996172 |doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00161.x |hdl=10400.13/3018 |s2cid=3229760}}
+* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Flores|2004}} |last1=Flores |first1=Carlos |last2=Maca-Meyer |first2=Nicole |last3=González |first3=Ana M |last4=Oefner |first4=Peter J |last5=Shen |first5=Peidong |last6=Pérez |first6=Jose A |last7=Rojas |first7=Antonio |last8=Larruga |first8=Jose M |last9=Underhill |first9=Peter A |title=Reduced genetic structure of the Iberian peninsula revealed by Y-chromosome analysis: implications for population demography |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |date=October 2004 |volume=12 |issue=10 |pages=855–863 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201225|pmid=15280900 |s2cid=16765118 |doi-access=free }}
+* {{Cite journal |ref={{harvid|Goncalves|2005}} |last1=Gonçalves |year=2005 |title=Y-chromosome lineages from Portugal, Madeira and Açores record elements of Sephardim and Berber ancestry |first1=Rita |last2=Freitas |first2=Ana |last3=Branco |first3=Marta |last4=Rosa |first4=Alexandra |last5=Fernandes |first5=Ana T. |last6=Zhivotovsky |first6=Lev A. |last7=Underhill |first7=Peter A. |last8=Kivisild |first8=Toomas |last9=Brehm |first9=Antonio |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=69 |issue=Pt 4 |pages=443–454 |pmid=15996172 |doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00161.x |hdl=10400.13/3018 |s2cid=3229760|hdl-access=free }}
 * {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Hammer|2009}} |last1=Hammer|year=2009|doi=10.1007/s00439-009-0727-5|title=Extended Y chromosome haplotypes resolve multiple and unique lineages of the Jewish priesthood|first1=Michael F.|last2=Behar|first2=Doron M.|last3=Karafet|first3=Tatiana M.|last4=Mendez|first4=Fernando L.|last5=Hallmark|first5=Brian|last6=Erez|first6=Tamar|last7=Zhivotovsky|first7=Lev A.|last8=Rosset|first8=Saharon|last9=Skorecki|first9=Karl|journal=Human Genetics|volume=126|issue=5|pages=707–17|pmid=19669163|pmc=2771134}}
 * {{cite journal|last1=Jobling|year=2000|doi=10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02057-6|title=New uses for new haplotypes|first1=Mark A.|last2=Tyler-Smith|first2=Chris|journal=Trends in Genetics|volume=16|issue=8|pages=356–62|pmid=10904265}}
@@ Line 379: / Line 379: @@
 * {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Luca|2007}} |last1=Luca|year=2007|doi=10.1002/ajpa.20500|title=Y-chromosomal variation in the Czech Republic|first1=F.|last2=Di Giacomo|first2=F.|last3=Benincasa|first3=T.|last4=Popa|first4=L.O.|last5=Banyko|first5=J.|last6=Kracmarova|first6=A.|last7=Malaspina|first7=P.|last8=Novelletto|first8=A.|last9=Brdicka|first9=R.|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|volume=132|pages=132–9|pmid=17078035|issue=1|hdl=2108/35058|hdl-access=free}}
 * {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Luis|2004}} |last1=Luis|year=2004|doi=10.1086/382286|title=The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations|first1=J|last2=Rowold|first2=D|last3=Regueiro|first3=M|last4=Caeiro|first4=B|last5=Cinnioglu|first5=C|last6=Roseman|first6=C|last7=Underhill|first7=P|last8=Cavallisforza|first8=L|last9=Herrera|first9=R|journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=74|issue=3|pages=532–44|pmid=14973781|pmc=1182266}}
+* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Martinez|2007}} |last1=Martinez |first1=Laisel |last2=Underhill |first2=Peter A |last3=Zhivotovsky |first3=Lev A |last4=Gayden |first4=Tenzin |last5=Moschonas |first5=Nicholas K |last6=Chow |first6=Cheryl-Emiliane T |last7=Conti |first7=Simon |last8=Mamolini |first8=Elisabetta |last9=Cavalli-Sforza |first9=L Luca |last10=Herrera |first10=Rene J |title=Paleolithic Y-haplogroup heritage predominates in a Cretan highland plateau |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |date=April 2007 |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=485–493 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201769|pmid=17264870 |s2cid=9847088 |doi-access=free }}
 * {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Mirabal|2010}} |vauthors=Mirabal S, Varljen T, Gayden T, etal |title=Human Y-chromosome short tandem repeats: A tale of acculturation and migrations as mechanisms for the diffusion of agriculture in the Balkan Peninsula |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=142 |issue=3 |pages=380–390 |date=July 2010 |pmid=20091845 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.21235}}
-* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Nasidze|2004}} |last1=Nasidze|year=2004|doi=10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00092.x|title=Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus|first1=I.|last2=Ling|first2=E. Y. S.|last3=Quinque|first3=D.|last4=Dupanloup|first4=I.|last5=Cordaux|first5=R.|last6=Rychkov|first6=S.|last7=Naumova|first7=O.|last8=Zhukova|first8=O.|last9=Sarraf-Zadegan|first9=N.|last10=Naderi|first10=G. A.|last11=Asgary|first11=S.|last12=Sardas|first12=S.|last13=Farhud|first13=D. D.|last14=Sarkisian|first14=T.|last15=Asadov|first15=C.|last16=Kerimov|first16=A.|last17=Stoneking|first17=M.|s2cid=27204150|journal=Annals of Human Genetics|volume=68|issue=3|pages=205–21|pmid=15180701|display-authors=8|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/dd036f6a607802d7af0c6e98b2a8530a1dfed2b8}}
+* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Nasidze|2004}} |last1=Nasidze|year=2004|doi=10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00092.x|title=Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus|first1=I.|last2=Ling|first2=E. Y. S.|last3=Quinque|first3=D.|last4=Dupanloup|first4=I.|last5=Cordaux|first5=R.|last6=Rychkov|first6=S.|last7=Naumova|first7=O.|last8=Zhukova|first8=O.|last9=Sarraf-Zadegan|first9=N.|last10=Naderi|first10=G. A.|last11=Asgary|first11=S.|last12=Sardas|first12=S.|last13=Farhud|first13=D. D.|last14=Sarkisian|first14=T.|last15=Asadov|first15=C.|last16=Kerimov|first16=A.|last17=Stoneking|first17=M.|s2cid=27204150|journal=Annals of Human Genetics|volume=68|issue=3|pages=205–21|pmid=15180701|display-authors=8|doi-access=free}}
-* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Nebel|2001}} |last1=Nebel |first1=Almut |last2=Filon |first2=Dvora |last3=Brinkmann |first3=Bernd |last4=Majumder |first4=Partha P. |last5=Faerman |first5=Marina |last6=Oppenheim |first6=Ariella |title=The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=November 2001 |volume=69 |issue=5 |pages=1095–1112 |doi=10.1086/324070}}
+* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Nebel|2001}} |last1=Nebel |first1=Almut |last2=Filon |first2=Dvora |last3=Brinkmann |first3=Bernd |last4=Majumder |first4=Partha P. |last5=Faerman |first5=Marina |last6=Oppenheim |first6=Ariella |title=The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=November 2001 |volume=69 |issue=5 |pages=1095–1112 |doi=10.1086/324070|pmid=11573163 |pmc=1274378 }}
 * {{Cite journal |ref={{harvid|Onofri|2008}} |last1=Onofri |year=2008 |title=Y-chromosome markers distribution in Northern Africa: High-resolution SNP and STR analysis in Tunisia and Morocco populations |first1=Valerio |last2=Alessandrini |first2=Federica |last3=Turchi |first3=Chiara |last4=Pesaresi |first4=Mauro |last5=Tagliabracci |first5=Adriano |journal=Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series |volume=1 |pages=235–236 |doi=10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.173}}
 * {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Pericić|2005}} |vauthors=Pericić M, Lauc LB, Klarić IM, etal |title=High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations |journal=Mol. Biol. Evol. |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=1964–75 |date=October 2005 |pmid=15944443 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msi185 |doi-access=free }}
@@ Line 387: / Line 388: @@
 * {{Cite journal |ref={{harvid|Semino|2004}} |last1=Semino |year=2004 |title=Origin, diffusion, and differentiation of Y-chromosome haplogroups E and J: inferences on the neolithization of Europe and later migratory events in the Mediterranean area |first1=Ornella |last2=Magri |first2=Chiara |last3=Benuzzi |first3=Giorgia |last4=Lin |first4=Alice A. |last5=Al-Zahery |first5=Nadia |last6=Battaglia |first6=Vincenza |last7=Maccioni |first7=Liliana |last8=Triantaphyllidis |first8=Costas |last9=Shen |first9=Peidong |last10=Oefner |first10=Peter J. |last11=Zhivotovsky |first11=Lev A. |last12=King |first12=Roy |last13=Torroni |first13=Antonio |last14=Cavalli-Sforza |first14=L. Luca |last15=Underhill |first15=Peter A. |last16=Santachiara-Benerecetti |first16=A. Silvana |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=74 |issue=5 |pages=1023–1034 |pmid=15069642 |pmc=1181965 |display-authors=8 |doi=10.1086/386295}}
 * {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Shen|2004}} |last1=Shen|year=2004|doi=10.1002/humu.20077|title=Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-Chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence Variation|first1=Peidong|last2=Lavi|first2=Tal|last3=Kivisild|first3=Toomas|last4=Chou|first4=Vivian|last5=Sengun|first5=Deniz|last6=Gefel|first6=Dov|last7=Shpirer|first7=Issac|last8=Woolf|first8=Eilon|last9=Hillel|first9=Jossi|last10=Feldman|first10=Marcus W.|last11=Oefner|first11=Peter J.|journal=Human Mutation|volume=24|issue=3|pages=248–60|pmid=15300852|s2cid=1571356|display-authors=8}}
+* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Xue|2006}} |last1=Xue |first1=Yali |last2=Zerjal |first2=Tatiana |last3=Bao |first3=Weidong |last4=Zhu |first4=Suling |last5=Shu |first5=Qunfang |last6=Xu |first6=Jiujin |last7=Du |first7=Ruofu |last8=Fu |first8=Songbin |last9=Li |first9=Pu |last10=Hurles |first10=Matthew E |last11=Yang |first11=Huanming |last12=Tyler-Smith |first12=Chris |title=Male Demography in East Asia: A North–South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times |journal=Genetics |date=1 April 2006 |volume=172 |issue=4 |pages=2431–2439 |doi=10.1534/genetics.105.054270|pmid=16489223 |pmc=1456369 }}
 * {{Cite journal |ref={{harvid|Zalloua|2008}} |last1=Zalloua |year=2008 |title=Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean |first1=Pierre A. |last2=Platt |first2=Daniel E. |last3=El Sibai |first3=Mirvat |last4=Khalife |first4=Jade |last5=Makhoul |first5=Nadine |last6=Haber |first6=Marc |last7=Xue |first7=Yali |last8=Izaabel |first8=Hassan |last9=Bosch |first9=Elena |last10=Adams |first10=Susan M. |last11=Arroyo |first11=Eduardo |last12=López-Parra |first12=Ana María |last13=Aler |first13=Mercedes |last14=Picornell |first14=Antónia |last15=Ramon |first15=Misericordia |last16=Jobling |first16=Mark A. |last17=Comas |first17=David |last18=Bertranpetit |first18=Jaume |last19=Wells |first19=R. Spencer |last20=Tyler-Smith |first20=Chris |last21=Genographic Consortium |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=83 |issue=5 |pages=633–642 |pmid=18976729 |pmc=2668035 |display-authors=8 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.012}}
 '''Thesis and Dissertations'''
 *{{cite thesis|first=Alexander|last=Varzari|url=http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5868/01/Varzari_Alexander.pdf|title=Population History of the Dniester-Carpathians: Evidence from Alu Insertion and Y-Chromosome Polymorphisms|year=2006|publisher=München, University|oclc=180859661}}
+* {{cite thesis |last=Yunusbaev |first=Bayazit Bulatovich |title=ПОПУЛЯЦИОННО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НАРОДОВ ДАГЕСТАНА ПО ДАННЫМ О ПОЛИМОРФИЗМЕ У-ХРОМОСОМЫ И АТД-ИНСЕРЦИЙ |trans-title=Population-genetic study of the peoples of Dagestan on the data on Y-chromosome and ATD-insertion polymorphism |date=2006 |type=PhD |publisher=Russian Academy of Sciences |location=Moscow |url=http://www.anrb.ru/molgen/YunusbaevBB.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205221918/http://www.anrb.ru/molgen/YunusbaevBB.pdf}}
 '''Blogs'''
@@ Line 397: / Line 400: @@
 '''Mailing Lists'''
 *{{cite mailing list|year=2006|url=http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/GENEALOGY-DNA/2006-06/1151592332|title=Y haplogroup J in Iran|access-date=3 January 2013|last=Aburto|first=Alfred A|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013082316/http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/GENEALOGY-DNA/2006-06/1151592332|archive-date=13 October 2012|url-status=dead}}
+'''Websites'''
+* {{cite web |last1=Krahn |last2=FTDNA |year=2003 |ref={{harvid|Krahn|FTDNA|2013}} |title=Genomic Research Center Draft Tree (AKA Y-TRee) |url=http://ytree.ftdna.com/index.php?name=Draft&parent=root |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815071342/http://ytree.ftdna.com/index.php?name=Draft |archive-date=2015-08-15}}
 ===Sources for conversion tables===
@@ Line 406: / Line 412: @@
 * {{cite journal |last1=Karafet |first1=Tatiana |last2=Xu |first2=Liping |last3=Du |first3=Ruofu |last4=Wang |first4=William |last5=Feng |first5=Shi |display-authors=4 |title=Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=September 2001 |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=615–628 |doi=10.1086/323299 |pmid=11481588 |pmc=1235490 |ref={{harvid|Karafet|2001}}}}
 * {{citation |last1=Semino |year=2000 |doi=10.1126/science.290.5494.1155  |title=The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective |first1=O. |journal=Science |volume=290 |issue=5494 |pages=1155–9 |pmid=11073453 |last2=Passarino |first2=G |last3=Oefner |first3=PJ |last4=Lin |first4=AA |last5=Arbuzova |first5=S |display-authors=4 |last6=Beckman |bibcode=2000Sci...290.1155S |ref={{harvid|Semino|2000}}}}
-* {{cite journal |last1=Su |first1=Bing |last2=Xiao |first2=Junhua |last3=Underhill |first3=Peter |last4=Deka |first4=Ranjan |last5=Zhang |first5=Weiling |display-authors=4 |title=Y-Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=December 1999 |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=1718–1724 |doi=10.1086/302680 |pmid=10577926 |ref={{harvid|Su|1999}}|doi-access=free }}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Su |first1=Bing |last2=Xiao |first2=Junhua |last3=Underhill |first3=Peter |last4=Deka |first4=Ranjan |last5=Zhang |first5=Weiling |display-authors=4 |title=Y-Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=December 1999 |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=1718–1724 |doi=10.1086/302680 |pmid=10577926 |pmc=1288383 |ref={{harvid|Su|1999}}|doi-access=free }}
 * {{cite journal |last1=Underhill |first1=Peter A. |last2=Shen |first2=Peidong |last3=Lin |first3=Alice A. |last4=Jin |first4=Li |last5=Passarino |first5=Giuseppe |display-authors=4 |title=Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations |journal=Nature Genetics |date=November 2000 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=358–361 |doi=10.1038/81685 |pmid=11062480 |s2cid=12893406 |ref={{harvid|Underhill|2000}}}}
 {{refend}}