Sirsukh: Difference between revisions

Sirsukh
سر سکھ
	The wall of Sirsukh, Taxila.; 1.5km; 1mile Sirsukh Sirkap Bhir Mound Hathial Taxila archaeological sites
	Shown within Pakistan Sirsukh (Gandhara)
Coordinates	33°46′21″N 72°50′53″E / 33.772600°N 72.847922°E
Typ	Settlement
History
Gegründet	late 1st century C.E.
Abandoned	mid 5th century C.E.
Cultures	Gandhara
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name	Taxila
Criteria	iii, iv
Designated	1980
Reference no.	139

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Latest revision as of 06:44, 7 June 2024

Sirsukh (Urdu: سر سکھ) is an ancient city that forms part of the ruins at Taxila, near the modern day city of Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan.

City

The city of Sirsukh is said to have been founded during the Kushan era after 80 CE, and is the last of the great ancient cities of Taxila. The invaders decided to abandon the older city of Sirkap and build a newer city on the other side of the Lundi-nala.^[1] The wall of the city is about 5 kilometers long and about 5.4 meters thick. The city wall covers an area of around 2300 x 1000 meters seen along the east-west direction, and is laid out in a typical Central Asian style, complete with suburbs. Sirsukh was left uninhabited when the White Huns invaded the Punjab at the end of the fifth century CE. To the north-east of the city flows the Harro river whereas to the south the Lundi-ravine is present.

The ancient city was excavated only on a very small scale in 1915-16 CE, and further excavation work has been impeded by a high water table which threatens the integrity of ancient structures. It was included in the World Heritage List of the UNO in 1980 as part of Taxila.^[2]

Wall

Bastion in the wall of Sirsukh with hole for the archers, Taxila.
Inside the Bastion in the wall of Sirsukh, Taxila.

The wall of the city is made of large stone bricks with smaller stone bricks in-between the larger ones. It is remarkably smooth on the outer side. Circular bastions are present in the wall at small distances for defence. These bastions contain holes for archers who could shoot arrows at the enemy outside.

References

^ Marshall, John. Taxila: An Illustrated Account of Archaeological Excavations Carried Out at Taxila Under the Orders of the Government of India between the years 1913 and 1934. p. 217.
^ "UNESCO World Heritage List". Retrieved 21 December 2008.

[1] Marshall, John. Taxila: An Illustrated Account of Archaeological Excavations Carried Out at Taxila Under the Orders of the Government of India between the years 1913 and 1934. p. 217.

[2] "UNESCO World Heritage List". Retrieved 21 December 2008.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 | label-color4 = red
 | label-pos4 = left
-| mark-title4 = [[Sirsukh]]
+| mark-title4 = Sirsukh
 | mark-image4 =
 | mark-description4 = Taxila, 80 CE–
 }}
-| map_type       = Pakistan
+| map_type       = Pakistan#Gandhara
 | map_alt        =
 | map_size       =
@@ Line 78: / Line 78: @@
 | abandoned      = mid 5th century C.E.
 | epochs         = <!-- actually displays as "Periods" -->
-| cultures       = [[Kushan]], [[Kidarite]]
+| cultures       = [[Gandhara]]
 | dependency_of  =
 | occupants      =
@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 | designation1_free1name  =
 | designation1_free1value =
-}}'''Sirsukh''' (In Punjabi,{{lang-ur|سر سکھ}}) is an ancient city that forms part of the [[Taxila (ancient)|ruins at Taxila]], near the modern day city of [[Taxila (modern)|Taxila]], [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]].
+}}'''Sirsukh''' ({{lang-ur|سر سکھ}}) is an ancient city that forms part of the [[Taxila (ancient)|ruins at Taxila]], near the modern day city of [[Taxila (modern)|Taxila]], [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]].
 ==City==
-The city of Sirsukh was founded by the [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] king [[Kanishka]] after 80 CE, and is the last of the great ancient cities of Taxila. The invaders decided to abandon the older city of [[Sirkap]] and build a newer city on the other side of the Lundi-nala.<ref>{{cite book |first= John |last= Marshall |title= Taxila: An Illustrated Account of Archaeological Excavations Carried Out at Taxila Under the Orders of the Government of India between the years 1913 and 1934 |page= 217 }}</ref> The wall of the city is about 5 kilometers long and about 5.4 meters thick. The city wall covers an area of around 2300 x 1000 meters seen along the east-west direction, and is laid out in a typical Central Asian style, complete with suburbs. Sirsukh was left uninhabited when the [[Hephthalite Empire|White Huns]] invaded the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] at the end of the fifth century CE. To the north-east of the city flows the Harro river whereas to the south the Lundi-ravine is present.
+The city of Sirsukh is said to have been founded during the [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] era after 80 CE, and is the last of the great ancient cities of Taxila. The invaders decided to abandon the older city of [[Sirkap]] and build a newer city on the other side of the Lundi-nala.<ref>{{cite book |first= John |last= Marshall |title= Taxila: An Illustrated Account of Archaeological Excavations Carried Out at Taxila Under the Orders of the Government of India between the years 1913 and 1934 |page= 217 }}</ref> The wall of the city is about 5 kilometers long and about 5.4 meters thick. The city wall covers an area of around 2300 x 1000 meters seen along the east-west direction, and is laid out in a typical Central Asian style, complete with suburbs. Sirsukh was left uninhabited when the [[Hephthalite Empire|White Huns]] invaded the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] at the end of the fifth century CE. To the north-east of the city flows the Harro river whereas to the south the Lundi-ravine is present.
-The ancient city was excavated only on a very small scale in 1915-16 CE, and further excavation work has been impeded by a high water table which threatens the integrity of ancient structures. It was included in the [[World Heritage List]] of the UNO in 1980 as part of Taxila.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/139 |title= UNESCO World Heritage List |accessdate=21 December 2008 }}</ref>
+The ancient city was excavated only on a very small scale in 1915-16 CE, and further excavation work has been impeded by a high water table which threatens the integrity of ancient structures. It was included in the [[World Heritage List]] of the UNO in 1980 as part of Taxila.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/139 |title= UNESCO World Heritage List |accessdate=21 December 2008 }}</ref>
 ==Wall==
 <gallery>
-File:SirsukhWallBastion.JPG|Bastion in the wall of Sirsukh with hole for the archers, Taxila.
+File:Wall bastion - Sirkap.jpg|Bastion in the wall of Sirsukh with hole for the archers, Taxila.
 File:SirsukhBastionInside.JPG|Inside the Bastion in the wall of Sirsukh, Taxila.
 </gallery>
@@ Line 122: / Line 122: @@
 * [[Taxila (Achaemenid)|Taxila under the Achaemenids]]
 * [[Taxila Tehsil]]
-* [[Ancient Universities of Pakistan]]
+* [[Ancient institutions of learning in Pakistan]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 132: / Line 132: @@
 {{Cultural heritage sites in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |state=expanded}}
-[[Category:Archaeological sites in Pakistan]]
-[[Category:History of Pakistan]]
 [[Category:Former populated places in Pakistan]]
 [[Category:Taxila Tehsil]]

v t e Archaeological sites of Taxila
Cities	Hathial Bhir Mound Sarai Khola Sirkap Sirsukh
Monasteries	Dharmarajika Jaulian Kalawan Mohra Muradu
Temples	Jandial

v t e List of cultural heritage sites in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Forts	Ali Masjid Fort Jamrud Fort Handyside Fort Kafir Kot Bala Hissar
Archaeological sites	Aziz Dheri Baho Dheri Bhamala Stupa Jaulian Mansehra Rock Edicts Ranigat Rehman Dheri Seri Bahlol Sirsukh Takht-i-Bahi Mian Khan
Museums	House of Dilip Kumar, Peshawar Kapoor Haveli
Tourist spots	Bab-e-Khyber
Other sites	Ali Masjid

Latest revision as of 06:44, 7 June 2024

City

Wall

See also

References