Foreign relations of Malawi: Difference between revisions

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Malawi's former President Bakili Muluzi continued the pro-Western foreign policy established by his predecessor, Hastings Banda. It maintains excellent diplomatic relations with principal Western countries. Malawi's close relations with South Africa throughout the apartheid era strained its relations with other African nations. Following the collapse of apartheid in 1994, Malawi developed, and currently maintains, strong diplomatic relations with all African countries.

Bilateral donors

Important bilateral donors include Canada, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Iceland, Japan, South Korea, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Republic of China (Taiwan), the United Kingdom, and the United States. Multilateral donors include the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the European Union, the African Development Bank, and the United Nations organizations.

SADC

Malawi assumed the chair of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in 2001. Muluzi took an active role in SADC on issues such as the global coalition against terrorism and land reform in Zimbabwe.

ACP

Malawi has been a member of the ACP group since Lomé I and is also a party to the Cotonou Agreement, the partnership agreement between the European Community/European Union and 77 states from Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific.

Memberships in international organizations

Malawi is a member of the following international organizations: the Commonwealth of Nations, the United Nations and some of its specialized and related agencies (i.e. UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO), IMF, World Bank, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Berne Convention, Universal Copyright Convention, Organization of African Unity (OAU), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Lomé Convention, African Development Bank (AFDB), Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Non-Aligned Movement, G-77, and the World Health Organization (WHO).

Malawi is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Malawi maintains diplomatic relations with:


#	Land	Date
1	Vereinigtes Königreich	6 July 1964^[1]
2	Frankreich	6 July 1964^[2]
3	Deutschland	6 July 1964^[3]
4	Vereinigte Staaten	6 July 1964^[4]
5	Ghana	8 July 1964^[5]
6	Israel	15 July 1964^[6]
7	Äthiopien	30 July 1964^[7]
8	Indien	19 October 1964^[1]
9	Ägypten	25 November 1964^[8]
10	Norwegen	9 March 1965^[9]
11	Südkorea	9 March 1965^[10]
12	Portugal	27 May 1965^[1]
13	Kenia	28 September 1965^[11]
14	Österreich	2 December 1965^[12]
15	Niederlande	16 December 1965^[13]
16	Pakistan	1965^[14]
17	Schweden	1965^[15]
18	Belgien	28 January 1966^[16]
—	Holy See	5 February 1966^[17]
19	Dänemark	22 February 1966^[18]
20	Schweiz	19 May 1966^[1]
21	Japan	17 June 1966^[1]
22	Italien	20 September 1966^[1]
23	Botswana	1 July 1967^[19]
24	Südafrika	10 September 1967^[20]
25	Türkei	4 August 1969^[21]
26	Nigeria	29 November 1969^[22]
27	Griechenland	30 April 1970^[23]
28	Sambia	15 September 1970^[24]
29	Spanien	27 October 1972^[25]
30	Kanada	12 February 1974^[26]
31	Kamerun	10 September 1974^[27]
32	Lesotho	4 September 1976^[28]
33	Luxemburg	28 October 1980^[29]
34	Democratic Republic of the Congo	November 1980^[30]^[31]
35	Algerien	19 June 1981^[32]
36	Mosambik	1 July 1981^[33]
37	Simbabwe	17 July 1981^[34]
38	Uganda	1981^[35]
39	North Korea	25 June 1982^[36]
40	Australien	1 July 1983^[37]
41	Tansania	16 May 1985^[38]
42	Albanien	11 July 1985^[39]
43	Rumänien	15 July 1985^[40]
44	Finnland	1 May 1986^[41]
45	Thailand	1 June 1987^[42]
46	Namibia	21 March 1990^[43]
47	Brasilien	23 August 1990^[44]
48	Chile	30 November 1990^[45]
49	Ungarn	26 December 1990^[46]
50	Tschechische Republik	20 March 1991^[47]
51	Malaysia	6 November 1991^[48]
52	Polen	10 July 1992^[49]
53	Russland	2 November 1993^[50]
54	Angola	9 November 1993^[51]
55	Slowakei	30 December 1993^[52]
56	Bulgarien	23 November 1994^[53]
57	Kuwait	19 June 1995^[54]
58	Iran	18 February 1996^[55]
59	Vereinigte Arabische Emirate	12 June 1996^[56]
60	Cuba	10 December 1997^[57]
61	Serbien	13 February 1998^[58]
62	Turkmenistan	20 February 1998^[59]
63	Kolumbien	30 March 1998^[60]
64	Trinidad und Tobago	21 April 1998^[61]
65	Bahrain	9 June 1998^[62]
66	Island	14 August 1998^[63]
67	Singapur	24 August 1998^[64]
68	Lettland	10 September 1998^[65]
—	State of Palestine	23 October 1998^[66]
69	Kroatien	13 November 1998^[67]
70	Mexiko	10 December 1998^[68]
71	Ukraine	22 December 1998^[69]
72	Libyen	1998^[70]
73	Argentinien	11 March 1999^[71]
74	Jordanien	23 June 1999^[72]
75	Saudi-Arabien	15 August 1999^[73]
76	North Macedonia	27 September 1999^[74]
77	Jamaika	30 September 1999^[75]
78	Sudan	12 April 2000^[76]
79	Zypern	22 June 2000^[77]
80	Brunei	11 October 2000^[78]
81	Marokko	31 January 2001^[79]
82	Mauritius	9 February 2001^[80]
83	Philippinen	3 May 2001^[81]
84	Seychellen	22 May 2001^[82]
85	Ruanda	26 June 2001^[83]
86	Weißrussland	13 July 2001^[84]
—	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (cancelled)	24 March 2002^[85]^[86]
87	Irland	2002^[87]
88	Aserbaidschan	21 May 2004^[88]
89	Venezuela	31 January 2007^[89]
90	China	28 December 2007^[90]
91	Liberia	26 February 2009^[91]
92	Sri Lanka	9 June 2011^[92]
93	Fidschi	25 June 2011^[93]
94	Estland	19 July 2011^[94]
95	Kambodscha	20 July 2011^[95]
96	Malta	21 July 2011^[96]
97	Slowenien	21 July 2011^[97]
98	Montenegro	16 September 2011^[98]
99	Georgien	19 September 2011^[99]
100	South Sudan	26 September 2011^[100]
101	Bosnien und Herzegowina	18 October 2011^[101]
102	Litauen	18 November 2011^[102]
103	Mongolei	21 December 2011^[103]
104	Burkina Faso	2011^[104]
105	Armenien	20 January 2012^[105]
106	Myanmar	30 January 2012^[106]
107	Bangladesch	15 March 2012^[107]
108	Monaco	31 July 2012^[108]
109	Katar	26 September 2012^[109]
110	Neuseeland	20 March 2013^[110]
111	Indonesien	29 September 2014^[111]
112	Niger	8 March 2016^[112]^[113]
113	Sierra Leone	8 March 2016^[112]^[113]
114	Senegal	9 March 2016^[114]
—	Kosovo	20 July 2016^[115]
115	Oman	7 December 2016^[116]
116	Tunesien	3 May 2017^[117]
117	Eritrea	20 July 2017^[118]
118	Libanon	18 October 2017^[119]
119	Benin	19 February 2019^[120]
120	Gambia	19 February 2019^[121]
121	Kirgisistan	22 September 2022^[122]
122	Malediven	24 September 2022^[123]
123	Nicaragua	25 September 2022^[124]
124	Republic of the Congo	18 October 2022^[125]
125	Mauretanien	18 October 2022^[126]^[127]
126	Nepal	16 February 2023^[128]
127	Mali	2 August 2023^[129]
128	Dominikanische Republik	1 November 2023^[130]
129	San Marino	8 December 2023^[131]
130	Bahamas	Unknown
131	Burundi	Unknown
132	Äquatorial-Guinea	Unknown
133	Eswatini	Unknown
134	Iraq	Unknown
135	Madagaskar	Unknown

Bilateral Relations

Land	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Australien	1 July 1983	Australia is represented in Malawi by its embassy in Harare.^[132] Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Bahrain	9 June 1998	See Bahrain–Malawi relations
Botswana	1 July 1967	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1967 when first High Commissioner of Botswana Mr. H. Mannathoko presented his credentials to President of Malawi.^[19] Both countries are full members of the Southern African Development Community, Commonwealth of Nations and of the Non-Aligned Movement.
Kanada	12 February 1974	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 1974^[26] Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
China	28 December 2007	Hastings Banda recognized the Republic of China (Taiwan) in 1967. In January 2008, Malawi switched this recognition to the People's Republic of China.[1] Archived 29 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine Since 2008 there has been a significant shift by the Malawian government towards accepting investment from China.^[133] Potentially this may be part of a wider power struggle between the East and West in Africa.^[134]
Zypern	22 June 2000	Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.
Dänemark	22 February 1966	Denmark is represented in Malawi by its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique. Malawi is represented in Denmark by its embassy in London, England, United Kingdom.
Griechenland	30 April 1970	Greece is represented in Malawi by its embassy in Harare, Zimbabwe.^[135] Malawi is represented in Greece by its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.^[135]
Indien	19 October 1964	See India–Malawi relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 October 1964 when has been accredited Acting High Commissioner of India to Malawi Mr. Dileep S. Kamtekar.^[1]
Iran	5 April 1971	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 April 1971.^[136] But diplomatic relations were severed on 11 February 1979 and re-established on 18 February 1996.^[55]
Israel	15 July 1964	See Israel–Malawi relations
Mexiko	10 December 1998	Malawi is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.^[137] Mexico is accredited to Malawi from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.^[138]
Mosambik	1 July 1981	See Malawi–Mozambique relations Between 1985 and 1995, Malawi accommodated more than a million refugees from Mozambique. The refugee crisis placed a substantial strain on Malawi's economy but also drew significant inflows of international assistance. The accommodation and eventual repatriation of the Mozambicans is considered a major success by international organizations.
Philippinen	3 May 2001	Neither country has an embassy in each other's territories. The Philippines's embassy in Pretoria, South Africa, is accredited to Malawi; on the other hand, Malawi's embassy in Tokyo, Japan, is accredited to the Philippines. As of 25 May 2018, the date of presentation of credentials of Philippine non-resident ambassador Uriel Norman Garibay to President Arthur Peter Mutharika, there are 41 Filipino nationals residing in Malawi, mainly in Blantyre and Lilongwe.^[139]
Polen	10 July 1992	See Malawi–Poland relations
Katar	26 September 2012	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2012 when Ambassador of Malawi to Qatar (resident in Kuwait City) Mr. Yunis Abdul Karim has presented his credentials.^[109]
Ruanda	26 June 2001	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 2001 when accredited first Ambassador of Rwanda to Malawi (resident in Dar es Salaam) Mr. Zephyr Mutanguha^[83] In 1996, Malawi received a number of Rwandan and Congolese refugees seeking asylum. The government did not turn away refugees, but it did invoke the principle of "first country of asylum." Under this principle, refugees who requested asylum in another country first, or who had the opportunity to do so would not subsequently be granted asylum in Malawi. There were no reports of the forcible repatriation of refugees.
Südafrika	10 September 1967	See Malawi–South Africa relations The colonial structures of Malawian labour export to South African mines continued after Malawi achieved independence in 1964. Led by dictator Hastings Banda, Malawi was the only African country to maintain close relations with White-ruled South Africa until the 1994 election of Nelson Mandela. Malawians were viewed as important workers in the South African mines due to their "skills, work discipline and lack of militancy"^[140] From 1988 to 1992, around 13,000 Malawian migrant laborers were forcefully repatriated out of South Africa. Officially, this was because 200 Malawians had tested positive for HIV in the previous two years, but many believe that it was due to the need for retrenchment of laborers during a crisis in South Africa's mining industry.^[140] Since South Africa and Malawi had their first democratic elections in 1994, Malawi and South Africa have enhanced relations. In 2008, the two governments signed a Memorandum of Understanding designed to enhance the relationship between the two countries through enhanced security cooperation.^[141]
Südkorea	9 March 1965	In 2011 Bilateral Trade between both nations totaled US$31 million.^[142]
Spanien	27 October 1972	See Malawi–Spain relations
Tansania	16 May 1985	Malawi has a dispute with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi).
Türkei	4 August 1969	Embassy of Malawi in Berlin is accredited to Turkey.^[143] Turkish Embassy in Lusaka is accredited to Malawi.^[143] Trade volume between the two countries was US$21 million in 2019 (Malawi's exports/imports: 16.4/4.67 million USD).^[143]
Ukraine	22 December 1998	See Malawi–Ukraine relations
Vereinigtes Königreich	6 July 1964	See Malawi–United Kingdom relations Historical ties make the UK historically one of the more important donors and supporters of Malawi. However, the expulsion of the UK's High Commissioner in April 2011 may change this relationship. Since the expulsion the UK has suspended direct government aid,^[144] citing concerns over governance and human rights.
Vereinigte Staaten	6 July 1964	See Malawi–United States relations See also: Cochrane-Dyet 2011 Cable Controversy The transition from a one-party state to a multi-party democracy significantly strengthened the already cordial U.S. relationship with Malawi. Significant numbers of Malawians study in the United States. The United States has an active Peace Corps program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, and an Agency for International Development (USAID) mission in Malawi. In July 2011, the United States suspended direct funding. The US government agency responsible, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, suspended aid because it was 'deeply upset' by the deaths of the 19 people during the July protests.^[145]
Simbabwe	17 July 1981	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 July 1981 when has been appointed first High Commissioner of Malawi to Zimbabwe Mr. M. A. Banda and open High Commission of Malawi in Harare.^[34]

Malawi and the Commonwealth of Nations

Malawi became a full member of the Commonwealth on independence from the United Kingdom in 1964. Queen Elizabeth II, Head of the Commonwealth, was Queen of Malawi, represented by the Governor-General of Malawi, until the country became a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations in 1966, when the then Prime Minister of Malawi, Hastings Banda, declared himself the first President of Malawi.

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v t e Foreign relations of the Commonwealth of Nations
Member states	Antigua und Barbuda Australien The Bahamas Bangladesch Barbados Belize Botswana Brunei Kamerun Kanada Zypern Dominica Eswatini Fidschi The Gambia Gabun Ghana Grenada Guyana Indien Jamaika Kenia Kiribati Lesotho Malawi Malaysia Malediven Malta Mauritius Mosambik Namibia Nauru Neuseeland Nigeria Pakistan Papua-Neuguinea Ruanda St. Kitts und Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent und die Grenadinen Samoa Seychellen Sierra Leone Singapur Salomonen Südafrika Sri Lanka Tansania Togo Tonga Trinidad und Tobago Tuvalu Uganda Vereinigtes Königreich Scotland Wales Vanuatu Sambia
Former Member states	Irland Simbabwe
Foreign states	Frankreich South Sudan

v t e Foreign relations of Malawi
Africa	Kenia Mosambik Nigeria Ruanda Südafrika Tansania Uganda Sambia Simbabwe
Americas	Vereinigte Staaten
Asia	Bangladesch China Indien Israel Malaysia Taiwan Türkei
Europa	Ukraine Vereinigtes Königreich
International organizations	Commonwealth of Nations Southern African Customs Union (SACU) Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Diplomatic missions of / in Malawi

v t e Foreign relations of Africa
Sovereign states	Algerien Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Kamerun Kap Verde Zentralafrikanische Republik Tschad Komoren Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Dschibuti Ägypten Äquatorial-Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Äthiopien Gabun The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenia Lesotho Liberia Libyen Madagaskar Malawi Mali Mauretanien Mauritius Marokko Mosambik Namibia Niger Nigeria Ruanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychellen Sierra Leone Somalia Südafrika South Sudan Sudan Tansania Togo Tunesien Uganda Sambia Simbabwe
States with limited recognition	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland
Dependencies and other territories	Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain) Madeira (Portugal) Mayotte / Réunion (France) Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom) Westsahara