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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
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'''Robert Russell Race''' [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire|CBE]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] [[Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians|FRCP]] [[Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists|FRCPath]] [[Member of the Royal College of Surgeons|MRCS]] (28 November 1907 - 15 April 1984) was a British medical doctor and human geneticist. He was Director of the Medical Research Council Blood Group Unit, of the [[Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine]]. His wife, who he married in 1956, was [[Ruth Sanger]], who succeeded him in the post.
{{Use British English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox scientist
⚫
| name = Robert Russell Race
| image = File:Robert Russell Race 1960.jpg
| image_size = 180px
| caption =
⚫
| birth_date = 28 November 1907
| birth_place = [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]], [[England]]
⚫
| death_date = 15 April 1984
| death_place =
| education = [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]], London
| workplaces = [[Galton Laboratory]], University College London; [[MRC Blood Group Unit|MRC Blood Group Research Unit]]
| fields = Medicine, human genetics
| known_for = ''Blood Groups in Man'', mapping the X chromosome
| awards = [[Karl Landsteiner Memorial Award]], [[Canada Gairdner International Award|Gairdner Award]]
| spouse = Margaret Monica Rotton (1938–1956) <br>
[[Ruth Sanger]] (1956–1984)
| children =
| parents =
⚫
}}

[[File:Robert Russell Race and Ruth Sanger 1973.jpg|thumb|Robert Russell Race and Ruth Sanger in 1973]]
[[File:Robert Russell Race and Ruth Sanger c1950.jpg|alt=Picture of Robert Russell Race and Ruth Sanger c1950|thumb|Robert Russell Race and Ruth Sanger c1950]]

⚫
'''Robert Russell Race''' [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire|CBE]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] [[Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians|FRCP]] [[Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists|FRCPath]] [[Member of the Royal College of Surgeons|MRCS]] (28 November 1907 – 15 April 1984) was a British medical doctor and human geneticist. He was Director of the [[Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)|Medical Research Council]] [[MRC Blood Group Unit|Blood Group Unit]], of the [[Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine]]. His second wife, whom he married in 1956, was [[Ruth Sanger]], who succeeded him in the post.

==Career==
In 1937, after training at [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] in [[London]], Race worked as a [[serologist]] in the blood-typing department being established by [[Ronald Fisher]] at the [[Galton Laboratory]] at [[University College London]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Who Was Who|publisher=A & C Black, Bloomsbury Publishing Plc|year=2014|location=Online Edition|chapter=RACE, Robert Russell}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/31575|title=Robert Race|volume=1|last=Mollison|first=P.L.|author-link=Patrick Mollison|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/31575}}</ref> The serum unit moved to Cambridge at the beginning of the Second World War, and in 1941 Race and [[Arthur Mourant]] began investigating the family of [[Rh blood group system|Rh antigens]].<ref name=":0" /> This work followed from developments made by [[Karl Landsteiner]] and [[Alexander S. Wiener]] in the USA.<ref name="Wellcome" />

In 1946 Race was appointed head of the [[MRC Blood Group Unit|Medical Research Council Blood Group Research Unit]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Clarke|first=Cyril|author-link=Cyril Clarke|date=1985-01-01|title=Robert Russell Race. 28 November 1907 – 15 April 1984|jstor=769933|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=31|pages=455–492|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1985.0016|pmid=11621207 |doi-access=free}}</ref> During the same year, [[Ruth Sanger]] moved to [[London]] to complete her PhD. She joined Race's group as assistant to Race. Sanger and Race married in 1956 following the death of Race's first wife.<ref name="Wellcome">{{cite web|url=http://wellcomelibrary.org/collections/digital-collections/makers-of-modern-genetics/digitised-archives/robert-race-ruth-sanger|title=The Robert Race and Ruth Sanger papers|publisher=Wellcome Library|access-date=23 August 2016}}</ref>

Together Race and Sanger published ''Blood Groups in Man'' in 1950,<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Br Med J|date=13 January 1951|volume=1|issue=4697|page=75|pmc=2068012|title=Review of ''Blood Groups in Man'' by R. R. Race and Ruth Sanger|author=Mollison, P. L.|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.4697.75 }}</ref> which eventually spanned six editions.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Dr R. R. Race|date=1 May 1984|work=The Times|location=London, England}}</ref> Their work continued in the 1960s with the discovery of the [[Xg antigen system]] and mapping the [[X chromosome]].

Race retired in 1973, and Sanger was named as director of the MRC Blood Group Unit. They received many honors and awards in their joint names, including the [[Karl Landsteiner Memorial Award]] and the [[Gairdner Foundation International Award|Gairdner Award]].<ref name="Wellcome" />


==References==
==References==
<references />


==External links==
* ‘RACE, Robert Russell’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007 [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U168331, accessed 11 Sept 2012]
{{Commons category}}
* http://www.springerlink.com/content/w15772u7v0925751/
The Robert Race and Ruth Sanger papers are kept at the [[Wellcome Library]]. They have been digitised and are [http://wellcomelibrary.org/collections/digital-collections/makers-of-modern-genetics/digitised-archives/robert-race-ruth-sanger available online].{{Authority control}}
* http://www.jstor.org/stable/769933


{{Persondata
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| NAME = Race, Robert Russell
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British geneticist
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 28 November 1907
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
⚫
| DATE OF DEATH = 15 April 1984
| PLACE OF DEATH =
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}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Race, Robert Russell}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Race, Robert Russell}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century British medical doctors]]
[[Category:20th-century English medical doctors]]
[[Category:British geneticists]]
[[Category:British geneticists]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
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[[Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Pathologists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Pathologists]]
[[Category:Presidents of the British Society for Haematology]]




Latest revision as of 19:00, 8 June 2024

Robert Russell Race
Born28 November 1907
Hull, England
Died15 April 1984
BildungSt Bartholomew's Hospital, London
Known forBlood Groups in Man, mapping the X chromosome
Spouse(s)Margaret Monica Rotton (1938–1956)
Ruth Sanger (1956–1984)
AwardsKarl Landsteiner Memorial Award, Gairdner Award
Scientific career
FieldsMedicine, human genetics
InstitutionsGalton Laboratory, University College London; MRC Blood Group Research Unit
Robert Russell Race and Ruth Sanger in 1973
Picture of Robert Russell Race and Ruth Sanger c1950
Robert Russell Race and Ruth Sanger c1950

Robert Russell Race CBE FRS FRCP FRCPath MRCS (28 November 1907 – 15 April 1984) was a British medical doctor and human geneticist. He was Director of the Medical Research Council Blood Group Unit, of the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine. His second wife, whom he married in 1956, was Ruth Sanger, who succeeded him in the post.

Career

[edit]

In 1937, after training at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London, Race worked as a serologist in the blood-typing department being established by Ronald Fisher at the Galton Laboratory at University College London.[1][2] The serum unit moved to Cambridge at the beginning of the Second World War, and in 1941 Race and Arthur Mourant began investigating the family of Rh antigens.[2] This work followed from developments made by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Wiener in the USA.[3]

In 1946 Race was appointed head of the Medical Research Council Blood Group Research Unit.[4] During the same year, Ruth Sanger moved to London to complete her PhD. She joined Race's group as assistant to Race. Sanger and Race married in 1956 following the death of Race's first wife.[3]

Together Race and Sanger published Blood Groups in Man in 1950,[5] which eventually spanned six editions.[6] Their work continued in the 1960s with the discovery of the Xg antigen system and mapping the X chromosome.

Race retired in 1973, and Sanger was named as director of the MRC Blood Group Unit. They received many honors and awards in their joint names, including the Karl Landsteiner Memorial Award and the Gairdner Award.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "RACE, Robert Russell". Who Was Who. Online Edition: A & C Black, Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. 2014.
  2. ^ a b Mollison, P.L. (2004). "Robert Race". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 1 (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31575. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  3. ^ a b c "The Robert Race and Ruth Sanger papers". Wellcome Library. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  4. ^ Clarke, Cyril (1 January 1985). "Robert Russell Race. 28 November 1907 – 15 April 1984". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 31: 455–492. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1985.0016. JSTOR 769933. PMID 11621207.
  5. ^ Mollison, P. L. (13 January 1951). "Review of Blood Groups in Man by R. R. Race and Ruth Sanger". Br Med J. 1 (4697): 75. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4697.75. PMC 2068012.
  6. ^ "Dr R. R. Race". The Times. London, England. 1 May 1984.
[edit]
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