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{{Short description|South Korean shipbuilding company}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=May 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2021}}
{{Third-party|date=May 2021}}
{{Third-party|date=May 2021}}
{{Update|date=August 2022}}
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{{use mdy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction Philippines
| name = Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction Philippines
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| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| hq_location_city =
| hq_location_city =
| hq_location_country =
| hq_location_country = Philippines
| areas_served = Worldwide
| areas_served = Worldwide
| key_people =
| key_people =
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| owner = <!-- or: | owners = -->
| owner = <!-- or: | owners = -->
| num_employees = 23,000
| num_employees = 23,000
| num_employees_year = 2019<ref name=default/>
| num_employees_year = 2019<ref name="default" />
| parent = [[Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction]]
| parent = [[Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction]]
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| module ={{Infobox Korean name
| module = {{Infobox Korean name
|child=yes
|child=yes
|img=
|img=
|caption=The logo of Hanjin
|caption=Company logo
|hangul=한진필리핀
|hangul=한진필리핀
|hanja=韓進
|hanja=韓進
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'''Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction Philippines''', known as '''HHIC Phil''', was established in February 2006 by [[Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction]] of [[South Korea]]. In the same month, the first ship building contract was signed for 4 container ships. In May 2006, the construction of a [[shipyard]] began on [[Redondo Peninsula]] - on the northern edge of [[Subic Bay]].
'''Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction Philippines''', also known as '''HHIC Phil''', was a [[Philippines]]-based shipbuilding company established in February 2006 by [[Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction]] of [[South Korea]]. In the same month, its first [[shipbuilding]] contract was signed for four [[container ship]]s. In May 2006, the construction of a [[shipyard]] began on [[Redondo Peninsula]], on the western edge of [[Subic Bay]].{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}


The first vessel "Argolikos" was delivered in July 2008 for the Greek ship owner Dioryx.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bayan-natin.blogspot.com/2008/04/hanjin-launches-first-subic-made-ship.html|title=Hanjin Subic launches its first ship}}</ref> As of April 2011, the shipyard had delivered 20 ships. In 2013, the shipyard made its first oil tanker and in 2016, it delivered its first gas carrier. Additionally, the shipyard has also built parts of CALM buoys used for the [[Malampaya]] offshore project. The shipyard also has two large [[Drydock|drydocks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaya.com.ph/sep16/busi3.html|title=Hanjin delivers 2 new bulk carriers to Greek firm|publisher=Malaya Business Insight|accessdate=8 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927022709/http://www.malaya.com.ph/sep16/busi3.html|archive-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The first vessel "Argolikos" was delivered in July 2008 for the Greek ship owner Dioryx.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bayan-natin.blogspot.com/2008/04/hanjin-launches-first-subic-made-ship.html|title=Hanjin Subic launches its first ship|date=April 28, 2008}}</ref> As of April 2011, the shipyard had delivered 20 ships. In 2013, the shipyard made its first [[oil tanker]], and in 2016, it delivered its first [[gas carrier]]. The shipyard has also built parts of [[Single buoy mooring#Catenary anchor leg mooring|CALM buoys]] used for the [[Malampaya gas field]] offshore project. The shipyard also has two large [[dry dock]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hanjin delivers 2 new bulk carriers to Greek firm |url=http://www.malaya.com.ph/sep16/busi3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927022709/http://www.malaya.com.ph/sep16/busi3.html |archive-date=27 September 2011 |accessdate=8 October 2011 |website=[[Malaya (newspaper)|Malaya]]}}</ref>


In January 2019, the company filed for the biggest bankruptcy in the Philippines with unpaid loan obligations amounting to $412 million.
In January 2019, the company filed for the largest bankruptcy in Philippine history with unpaid loan obligations amounting to [[US$]]412 million.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sicat |first=Gerardo P. |date=January 16, 2019 |title=Hanjin Philippines shipbuilding bankruptcy |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2019/01/16/1885352/hanjin-philippines-shipbuilding-bankruptcy |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=[[The Philippine Star]]}}</ref>


== Background ==
== Background ==
As a part of its expansion process overseas, in 2004, Hanjin Heavy Industries Corporation started construction of a shipyard in Redondo peninsula, north of Subic bay, [[Zambales]], Philippines. As per the HHIC website, this has resulted in the fourth largest [[shipyard]] in the world. As of 2011 September, the shipyard employed 21,000 [[Filipinos]]. Its workforce was expected to increase to nearly 28,000 in 2016, however a slump in ship building projects has limited the workforce to 20,000 people as of 2017.
As part of its overseas expansion process in 2004, Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction started building a shipyard on the Redondo peninsula, southwest of [[Subic, Zambales]]. According to the company's website, this resulted in the world's fourth-largest [[shipyard]]. As of September 2011, the shipyard employed 21,000 [[Filipinos]].{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}


On April 18, 2012, according to ''[[The New York Times]]'', "a subsidiary of [[Huntington Ingalls Industries]], a United States defense contractor, announced a deal to work with Hanjin Heavy Industries, which maintains a shipbuilding and repair facility at the former base at Subic Bay. That opens the door to large-scale servicing of United States military ships there for the first time in almost 20 years."<ref name="Whaley 2012">{{cite web |last=Whaley |first=Floyd |date=2012-04-29 |title=Philippines Role May Grow as U.S. Adjusts Asia Strategy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/30/world/asia/philippines-role-may-grow-as-us-adjusts-asia-strategy.html |accessdate=2022-08-23 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Huntington Ingalls said in a news release that the companies "will work together in providing maintenance, repair and logistics services to the U.S. Navy and other customers in the Western Pacific region."<ref name="Gallop 2012">{{cite press release | last=Gallop | first=Leslie | title=Huntington Ingalls Industries Subsidiary AMSEC LLC Partners With HHIC Holdings Co., Ltd. | website=GlobeNewswire News Room | date=18 April 2012 | url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2012/04/18/473634/14858/en/Huntington-Ingalls-Industries-Subsidiary-AMSEC-LLC-Partners-With-HHIC-Holdings-Co-Ltd.html | access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref>
⚫
As of September 2017, HHIC Phil is the largest shipyard in the Philippines and one of the largest private employers in the country.


The company's workforce was expected to increase to nearly 28,000 in 2016. However, a slump in shipbuilding projects limited the workforce to 20,000 as of 2017.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
According to the New York Times article "Philippines Role May Grow as U.S. Adjusts Asia Strategy" of April 30, 2012:
"On April 18, a subsidiary of [[Huntington Ingalls]] Industries, a United States defense contractor, announced a deal to work with Hanjin Heavy Industries, which maintains a shipbuilding and repair facility at the former base at Subic Bay. That opens the door to large-scale servicing of United States military ships there for the first time in almost 20 years."


⚫
As of September 2017, the company had the largest shipyard in the Philippines and was one of the largest private employers in the country.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
In a news release announcing the deal, [[Huntington Ingalls]] said the companies “will work together in providing maintenance, repair and logistics services to the U.S. Navy and other customers in the Western Pacific region.”


== Shipyard ==
== Shipyard ==
{{main|Hanjin Subic Shipyard}}
{{main|Hanjin Subic Shipyard}}
[[File:HHIC-Philippines.jpg|thumb|A 20.766 TEU container ship (''CMA CGM Louis Bleriot'') and oil tanker (''Levantine Sea'') being constructed at Dry Dock no. 6]]
[[File:HHIC-Philippines.jpg|thumb|A 20.766 [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEU]] container ship (''CMA CGM Louis Bleriot'') and oil tanker (''Levantine Sea'') being constructed at Dry Dock number 6]]
The shipyard is located at the tip of the Redondo peninsula, in [[sitio]] Agusuhin, in the province of [[Zambales]], [[Luzon]], Philippines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wikimapia.org/16593691/HANJIN-HHIC-Incorporation|title=Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction-Philippines, Inc. - Wikimapia|publisher=}}</ref> A large number of Koreans and Romanians who form the higher level management of the shipyard live inside the shipyard, in baracks accommodations (often jocularly called chicken coops). The land here is owned by SBMA - Subic bay metropolitan authority and leased out to HHIC Phil on a 40 year lease.
The shipyard is located on the eastern side of Redondo peninsula, in Agusuhin [[sitio]], in Zambales province on [[Luzon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wikimapia.org/16593691/HANJIN-HHIC-Incorporation|title=Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction-Philippines, Inc. – Wikimapia}}</ref> A large number of [[Koreans]] and [[Romanians]] who form the [[upper management]] of the shipyard live on site in [[barracks]] (colloquially called ''chicken coops''). The shipyard occupies land owned by the [[Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority]] (SBMA) and was leased out to the company on a 40-year basis.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}{{needs update|date=August 2022}}


[[Jeepneys]] and buses hired to HHIC transport workers daily and run between HHIC shipyard and the two close by towns - [[Castillejos]] and [[Subic, Zambales|Subic]], with many others staying in the farther towns of [[Olongapo]] and Barrio Baretto. Most workers come to work at HHIC from other parts of the Philippines and stay in boarding houses in these towns. A large [[ferry]] takes workers to and from Olongapo daily. The company also charters 25 buses to transport its workers to and from Olongapo daily. Additionally, two smaller fast ferries owned by HHIC transport a small number of owners representatives from the Hanjin jetty (near All hands beach - SBMA) to the shipyard. Security to access the shipyard remains tight due to high pilferage by workers during the early years of the shipyard. The area is also strategically important to the Philippines armed forces, hence is protected by both - The HHIC Police as well as Philippines armed forces commandos.
[[Jeepney]]s and buses hired by the company transport workers between the shipyard and the two nearby towns of [[Castillejos]] and Subic, with many workers staying farther out in [[Olongapo]] and [[San Marcelino]]. Most workers come to work at the company from other parts of the Philippines and stay in [[boarding houses]] in these towns. A large [[ferry]] and 25 [[charter bus]]es transport its workers to and from Olongapo daily.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} Additionally, two smaller company-owned [[High-speed craft|fast ferries]] transport a small number of the owners' representatives from Hanjin jetty near All Hands Beach, [[Subic Bay Freeport Zone]] to the shipyard. Security at the shipyard remains tight due to high [[Package pilferage|pilferage]] by workers during its early years. The area is also strategically important to the [[Philippine Armed Forces]], and is protected by both HHIC Police and Philippine Armed Forces [[commando]]s.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}{{needs update|date=August 2022}}


== Bankruptcy ==
== Bankruptcy ==
{{Update section|date=August 2022}}
On 22 November 2018, HHIC Phil delivered two recently completed 114,000 DWT crude oil tankers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hanjin Shipyard Delivers 2 units of 114K Crude Oil Tanker |url=http://www.hhic-phil.com/pr/newsroom_read.aspx?bbsID=896 |accessdate=27 March 2019 |publisher=HHIC Phil news room}}</ref> However, with 20 vessels currently in different stages of construction, the shipyard found it difficult to service its high debts or to get further extensions from its lenders. On January 8, 2019, the yard filed for corporate rehabilitation due to [[Default (finance)|default]] or failure to comply it loan obligation of $412 million to five Philippine banks namely [[Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation|Rizal Commercial Banking Corp.]], [[Land Bank of the Philippines|Land Bank]], [[Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company|Metrobank]], [[Bank of the Philippine Islands]], and [[Banco de Oro Universal Bank|Banco de Oro]]. This became the biggest bankruptcy in the Philippines surpassing $386 million default by [[Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers|Lehman Brothers]] in the Philippines in 2008. The five bank creditors are working to take over HHIC Phil's shipyard.<ref name=default>{{cite news |last1=Lucas |first1=Daxim |last2=Camus |first2=Miguel |title=Local banks grapple with biggest default in PH corporate history |url=https://business.inquirer.net/263398/local-banks-grapple-with-biggest-default-in-ph-corporate-history |accessdate=13 January 2019 |work=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=11 January 2019}}</ref> On 19 January 2019, it was reported that two Chinese firms had lodged expressions of interest to purchase the shipyard along with its debt.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chinese Investors Interested in Cash-Strapped Hanjin Subic |url=https://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/268408/chinese-investors-interested-in-cash-strapped-hanjin-subic/ |accessdate=27 March 2019 |publisher=World maritime news |date=14 January 2019}}</ref> Subsequently, Trade Winds reported that HHIC Phil and the Philippine government had agreed upon a [[Debt-for-nature swap|debt swap]] deal.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hanjin strikes debt-swap deal for Philippines yard |url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/shipyards/1703394/hanjin-strikes-debt-swap-deal-for-philippines-yard |accessdate=27 March 2019 |publisher=Trade Winds}}</ref>
On November 22, 2018, the company delivered two recently completed 114,000 [[deadweight ton]] crude oil tankers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hanjin Shipyard Delivers 2 units of 114K Crude Oil Tanker |url=http://www.hhic-phil.com/pr/newsroom_read.aspx?bbsID=896 |accessdate=27 March 2019 |publisher=HHIC Phil news room}}</ref> However, with 20 vessels in different stages of construction at the time, the company found it difficult to service its high debts or to get further extensions from its lenders. On January 8, 2019, the company filed for corporate [[restructuring]] due to [[Default (finance)|default]] or failure to comply with its loan obligation of $412 million to five Philippine banks, namely [[Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation]], [[Land Bank of the Philippines|Land Bank]], [[Metrobank (Philippines)|Metrobank]], [[Bank of the Philippine Islands]], and [[Banco de Oro]]. It became the biggest bankruptcy in the Philippines, surpassing the $386 million [[Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers|default by Lehman Brothers]] in the Philippines in 2008. {{As of|2019|01}}, the five banks were working to take over the company's shipyard.<ref name=default>{{cite news |last1=Lucas |first1=Daxim |last2=Camus |first2=Miguel |title=Local banks grapple with biggest default in PH corporate history |url=https://business.inquirer.net/263398/local-banks-grapple-with-biggest-default-in-ph-corporate-history |accessdate=13 January 2019 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=11 January 2019}}</ref> On January 19, 2019, it was reported that two Chinese firms had filed expressions of interest to purchase the shipyard along with its debt.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chinese Investors Interested in Cash-Strapped Hanjin Subic |url=https://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/268408/chinese-investors-interested-in-cash-strapped-hanjin-subic/ |accessdate=27 March 2019 |publisher=World maritime news |date=14 January 2019}}</ref> Subsequently, ''[[TradeWinds]]'' reported that HHIC Phil and the Philippine government had agreed upon a [[Debt-for-nature swap|debt swap]] deal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixon |first=Gary |date=2019-02-15 |title=Hanjin strikes debt-swap deal for Philippines yard |url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/shipyards/hanjin-strikes-debt-swap-deal-for-philippines-yard/2-1-544850 |access-date=2019-03-27 |url-access=subscription |website=[[TradeWinds]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Needs update|date=August 2022}}


Australian shipbuilder [[Austal]] and US-based private equity firm [[Cerberus Capital Management]] considered launching a joint bid to take over the Subic shipyard.<ref>{{cite news |title=Austal, Cerberus team up to eye Hanjin's Philippine shipyard |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-hanjin-austal-cerberus-ca-idUSKBN1WO16B |access-date=26 May 2021 |work=Reuters |date=2019-10-09 |language=en}}</ref> Austal would later drop its bid to have a stake in the shipyard.<ref name="maritime">{{cite news |title=Former Hanjin Subic Bay Shipyard in Philippines Being Sold to Cerberus |url=https://maritime-executive.com/article/former-hanjin-subic-bay-shipyard-in-philippines-being-sold-to-cerberus |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=The Maritime Executive |date=9 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
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==Labor policy==

Agila Subic became Cerberus' new partner, taking over the shipyard's operations in March 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cerberus-Agila taking over Hanjin Subic shipbuilding facility |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/03/07/cerberus-agila-taking-over-hanjin-subic-shipbuilding-facility/ |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=Manila Bulletin |date=7 March 2022}}</ref> Agila Subic is a Dutch venture consisting of four companies that are affiliates of Cerberus.<ref name="redux">{{cite news |last1=Empeño |first1=Henry |title=Subic redux |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2022/09/17/subic-redux/ |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=BusinessMirror |date=16 September 2022}}</ref> Accordingly, the shipyard was renamed the Agila Subic Multi-Use Facilities.<ref name="ph-uae">{{cite news |last1=Fadriquela |first1=Jerome |title=PH-UAE defense industry at shipbuilding partnership pinag-aaralan |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/08/31/22/ph-uae-defense-industry-at-ship-building-partnership-pinag-aaralan |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=TFC News |publisher=ABS-CBN News |date=31 August 2022 |language=tl}}</ref>

The [[Philippine Navy]] began leasing the shipyard's northern section in May 2022.<ref name=makes>{{cite news |last1=Mangosing |first1=Frances |title=Navy makes strategic move to Subic shipyard facing WPS |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1602734/navy-makes-strategic-move-to-subic-shipyard-facing-wps |access-date=6 November 2022 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=26 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> American defense contractor [[Vectrus]] also moved in.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Verdejo |first1=Genivi |title=SBMA sees Agila Subic's takeoff |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/06/01/business/maritime/sbma-sees-agila-subics-takeoff/1845703/ |access-date=6 November 2022 |work=The Manila Times |date=1 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

Cerberus completed its acquisition of the shipyard by April 2022.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 April 2022 |title=US-based Cerberus acquires Hanjin shipyard in Subic Bay |work=[[CNN Philippines]] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/4/22/Cerberus-conclusion-agreements-Hanjin-shipyard-Subic-Bay.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422110920/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/4/22/Cerberus-conclusion-agreements-Hanjin-shipyard-Subic-Bay.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 22, 2022 |access-date=6 November 2022}}</ref> In November 2022, SBMA officials welcomed [[List of ambassadors of the United States to the Philippines|United States Ambassador to the Philippines]], [[MaryKay Carlson]], and indicated they wanted to see American military forces return to the Philippine naval base.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=|first=|date=November 24, 2022|title=U.S. military poised to return to Subic Bay, counter China's presence|url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2022/11/34dad3ba3fae-us-military-poised-to-return-to-subic-bay-counter-chinas-presence.html|newspaper=Kyodo News}}</ref>

⚫
== Labor ==
{{Update section|date=August 2022}}
=== Nationalities employed ===
=== Nationalities employed ===
The managerial staff in the shipyard consists of around 100 [[Koreans]]. Mid-manager level staff includes Koreans, Romanians and [[Filipinos]]. The foremen for workers include Koreans, Filipinos and [[Romanians]], most of them employed by subsidiary companies of HHIC Phil operated by Filipinos. Most of the approximately 200 Romanian workers are employed in dock 5 and a few in Dock No.6 through the Romanian recruitment company Gateway Trading SRL.
The shipyard's upper management consists of around 100 Koreans. The [[middle management]] staff includes Koreans, Romanians, and Filipinos. The [[Construction foreman|foremen]] include Koreans, Filipinos, and Romanians, mostly employed by [[subsidiary]] companies of HHIC Phil operated by Filipinos. Most of the approximately 200 Romanian workers are employed in dock 5 and a few in dock 6 through the Romanian recruitment company Gateway Trading SRL. {{As of|2017}} most of the workers, nearly 19,000, are Filipino. The shipyard provides free lunch, dinner and breakfast to all its workers in five large [[Cafeteria|canteens]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
The large bulk of workers consists of nearly 19,000 Filipinos as of 2017. The shipyard provides free lunch, dinner and breakfast to all its workers in five large canteens.


=== Alleged labor violations ===
=== Alleged labor violations ===
While HHIC's presence in Subic has brought thousands of jobs to the area, a steady stream of accidental workplace deaths and alleged labor violations has called into question the company's compliance with Philippine labor and occupational safety laws. During a two-month span in 2008, five workers were killed in accidents that may have resulted from unsafe working conditions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/regions/03/11/08/two-workers-killed-another-hanjin-freak-accident|title=Two workers killed in another Hanjin 'freak' accident|first=ABS-CBN|last=News|publisher=}}</ref> This prompted investigations by the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority and Philippine Congress, which found violations of safety and labor laws. At the conclusion of the Congressional investigation, legislators required Hanjin to build a medical center and comply with industrial safety laws within six months. Workers have since continued to express complaints of abuse on the part of management; one such incident was caught on camera and distributed to the Filipino news station ABS-CBN.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/-depth/03/19/12/hanjin-labor-abuse-caught-cam|title=Hanjin labor 'abuse' caught on cam|first=ABS-CBN|last=News|publisher=}}</ref> Many workers have also begun to organize to attain union recognition. According to organizers, who have started a blog to document abuses, 60 employees have been terminated for union-related activity and over 30 have been killed in workplace accidents since the shipyard opened in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hanjinworkers.wordpress.com/|title=Hanjinworkers's Blog|publisher=}}</ref> Filipino church groups like the Caritas Filipinas Foundation have also rallied around the workers.<ref>http://nassa.org.ph/?p=94</ref> HHIC-Phil general manager Pyeong Jong Yu has expressed commitment to preventing future incidents.<ref>http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/regions/03/11/08/two-workers-killed-another-hanjin-freak-accident.. </ref>
While the company's presence in Subic has brought thousands of jobs to the area, a steady stream of accidental workplace deaths and alleged labor violations have led to questions about the company's compliance with Philippine labor and [[occupational safety]] laws. During two months in 2008, five workers were killed in accidents that may have resulted from unsafe working conditions.<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date=March 11, 2008 |title=Two workers died in another Hanjin 'freak' accident |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/regions/03/11/08/two-workers-killed-another-hanjin-freak-accident |website=[[ABS-CBN]]}}</ref> This prompted investigations by the SBMA and the [[Philippine Congress]], which found violations of safety and labor laws. After the Congressional inquiry, legislators required the company to build a medical center and comply with industrial safety laws within six months. Workers have since continued to express complaints of abuse by management; one such incident was caught on camera and distributed to the Filipino news station [[ABS-CBN]].<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date=March 19, 2012 |title=Hanjin labor 'abuse' caught on cam |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/-depth/03/19/12/hanjin-labor-abuse-caught-cam |website=[[ABS-CBN]]}}</ref> Many workers have also begun to organize to attain [[union recognition]]. According to organizers, who have started a blog to document abuses, 60 employees have been terminated for union-related activity, and over 30 have been killed in workplace accidents since the shipyard opened in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hanjinworkers.wordpress.com/|title=Hanjinworkers's Blog}}</ref> Filipino church groups like the Caritas Filipinas Foundation have also rallied in support of the workers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nassa.org.ph/?p=94 |title=Hanjin Shipyard: Hell on Earth : NASSA {{!}} Official Website |website=nassa.org.ph |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216174640/http://nassa.org.ph/?p=94 |archive-date=2014-12-16}} </ref> HHIC Phil General Manager Pyeong Jong Yu has expressed commitment to preventing future incidents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/regions/03/11/08/two-workers-killed-another-hanjin-freak-accident..|title = ABS-CBN News &#124; Latest Philippine Headlines, Breaking News, Video, Analysis, Features}}</ref>


Since 2011, standards of safety at the shipyard have improved, especially after ship owners introduced their own health and safety teams to augment the shipyard efforts.
Since 2011, safety standards at the shipyard have improved, especially after ship owners introduced their own health and safety teams to augment the shipyard efforts.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}


== List of ships built ==
== Ships built ==
The shipyard builds bulk carriers, container ships and oil tankers. Additionally, it has undertaken offshore construction work such as CALM [[buoys]] for offshore projects such as the [[Malampaya gas field|Malampaya offshore]] project.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Olchondra|first1=Riza|title=$756M Malampaya rig going up in Subic|url=http://business.inquirer.net/164535/756m-malampaya-rig-going-up-in-subic|accessdate=5 September 2016|publisher=Inquirer|date=21 February 2014}}</ref>
The shipyard builds bulk carriers, [[Intermodal container|container]] ships, and oil tankers. Additionally, it has undertaken offshore construction work such as building CALM [[buoy]]s for the [[Malampaya gas field]] project.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Olchondra|first1=Riza|title=$756M Malampaya rig going up in Subic|url=http://business.inquirer.net/164535/756m-malampaya-rig-going-up-in-subic|accessdate=5 September 2016|publisher=Inquirer|date=21 February 2014}}</ref>


=== Types of ships built ===
*[[Intermodal container|Container]] ships - Capacity in [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEUs]] - 4,300, 3,600 and 12,800
* [[Container ship]]s{{snd}}Capacity in [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEUs]]: 3,600, 4,300 and 12,800
*[[Bulk cargo|Bulk]] carriers - Capacity 135,000 [[tonnes]], 175,000 tonnes, 205,000 tonnes
*[[VLCC]] - capacity 320,000 tonnes
* [[Bulk carrier]]s{{snd}}Capacity 135,000 [[tonne]]s, 175,000 tonnes, 205,000 tonnes
* [[Very large crude carrier]]{{snd}}Capacity 320,000 tonnes


=== Ships built by HHIC Phil ===
=== Notable ships ===
[[File:CMA CGM ANTOINE DE SAINT EXUPERY (42043424074).jpg|thumb|The ''[[CMA CGM Antoine de Saint Exupery]]'']]
''Note: This ship may be incomplete.''
# M/V Argolikos ''- container (First container ship built in Philippines, First ship built by HHIC Phil)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://marinebiztv.wordpress.com/2008/07/05/dioryx-maritime-receives-mv-argolikos-first-ever-container-ship-to-be-made-in-philippines/|title=Marinebix TV - Dioryx Maritime receives MV Argolikos, first ever container ship to be made in Philippines}}</ref>
* [[M/V]] ''Argolikos{{snd}}''First container ship built in the Philippines, first ship built by the company<ref>{{cite news |title=First RP-built cargo ship inaugurated in Subic Bay |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/07/04/08/first-rp-built-cargo-ship-inaugurated-subic-bay |access-date=26 May 2021 |work=ABS-CBN News |date=2008-07-04 |language=en}}</ref>
⚫
* [[Oil tanker|M/T]] ''Leyla K''{{snd}}Largest oil tanker built in the Philippines as of October 2011<ref name=biggest>{{cite news |last1=Custodio |first1=Arlo |title=Hanjin delivers world's biggest cargo vessel |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2018/01/27/todays-headline-photos/top-stories/hanjin-delivers-worlds-biggest-cargo-vessel/376711 |access-date=26 May 2021 |work=The Manila Times |date=2018-01-27 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://newscentralsite.com/blogs/2010/01/10/hanjin-launches-largest-oil-tanker-ever-built-in-the-country/ |title=Hanjin launches most giant oil tanker ever built in the country : NewsCentral |access-date=2011-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425061023/http://newscentralsite.com/blogs/2010/01/10/hanjin-launches-largest-oil-tanker-ever-built-in-the-country/ |archive-date=2012-04-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
# M/T Eser K ''- 114,000-deadweight ton crude oil tanker''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://subicbaynews.blogspot.com/2010/08/hanjin-subic-books-56-vessel-orders.html|title=BatangGapo News SubicBayNews - Olongapo News, SubicJobs, Olongapo City Philippines|publisher=}}</ref>
* ''[[CMA CGM Antoine de Saint Exupery]]'' (2018){{snd}}French container ship, owned by [[CMA CGM]]<ref name=biggest/>
⚫
# M/T Leyla K ''- tanker - Largest tanker built in Philippines - as of October 2011''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://newscentralsite.com/blogs/2010/01/10/hanjin-launches-largest-oil-tanker-ever-built-in-the-country/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425061023/http://newscentralsite.com/blogs/2010/01/10/hanjin-launches-largest-oil-tanker-ever-built-in-the-country/ |archive-date=2012-04-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
# M/V Mineral Manila ''- bulk carrier''<ref>http://www.timawa.net/forum/index.php?topic=28394.0</ref>
# M/V Mineral Subic ''- bulk carrier''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://subicnewslink.blogspot.com//2011/05/hanjin-unveils-three-new-vessels.html|title=SubicNewsLink|publisher=}}</ref>
# M/V Lake Dolphin ''(capacity 180,000 deadweight tonnes and net tonnage 59,082 tons)''.<ref>http://www.hhic-phil.com/pr/newsroom_read.aspx?bbsID=226</ref>
# M/V Rahi ''- bulk carrier''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q55cjCP_RD8|title=YouTube|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.adanigroup.com/shipping.html |title=MV Rahi and Vanshi - Adani group official website |access-date=2011-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007185630/http://www.adanigroup.com/shipping.html |archive-date=2011-10-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
# M/V Vanshi ''- bulk carrier''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q55cjCP_RD8|title=YouTube|publisher=}}</ref>
# M/V Opal ''- container''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://subicbaynews.blogspot.com/2008/12/hanjin-launches-two-ships.html|title=BatangGapo News SubicBayNews - Olongapo News, SubicJobs, Olongapo City Philippines|publisher=}}</ref>
# M/V Topaz ''- Container''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://punto.com.ph/news/printpage/1289|title=Punto! Central Luzon|publisher=}}</ref>
# M/V Turquoise ''- container - Also called CMA CGM Turquoise''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.manilatimes.net/national/2008/dec/10/yehey/prov/20081210pro4.html|title=Manila Times - MV Turquoise|publisher=|access-date=2011-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425061038/http://archives.manilatimes.net/national/2008/dec/10/yehey/prov/20081210pro4.html|archive-date=2012-04-25|url-status=dead}}</ref>
# M/V Star Borealis<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.malaya.com.ph/sep16/busi3.html |title=MV Star Borealis |access-date=2011-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927022709/http://www.malaya.com.ph/sep16/busi3.html |archive-date=2011-09-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
# M/V Star Polaris
# M/V Houheng 2 (2011)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.coastguard.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=55&layout=blog&Itemid=75 |title=HMV Houheng 2 |access-date=2011-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403192012/http://www.coastguard.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=55&layout=blog&Itemid=75 |archive-date=2012-04-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
# M/V Rio Manaus (2011 - MPC GmBH Germany)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mpc-steamship.com/contell/cms/server/mpc-steamship/Fleet.html |title=MPC Steamship Germany |access-date=2011-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425061830/http://www.mpc-steamship.com/contell/cms/server/mpc-steamship/Fleet.html |archive-date=2012-04-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
# M/V Rio Montevideo (2011 - MPC GmBH Germany) - Bulk carrier
# M/V Houheng 3 (2011) - Bulk carrier
# M/V Brightway (2012) - Tanker
# M/V FMG Matilda (2012) - Bulk carrier, [[Saverys family|Bocimar]] group
# M/V Aanya (2012) - Bulk carrier
# M/V RTM Cook (2012) - Bulk carrier, [[Rio Tinto Group|Rio Tinto]] Marine<ref name="rtmarine">{{cite web|title=Fleet list|url=http://www.riotinto.com/ironore|website=riotinto.com|publisher=Rio Tinto Marine|accessdate=5 September 2016}}</ref>
# M/V RTM Cartier (2012) - Bulk carrier, Rio Tinto Marine<ref name="rtmarine"/>
# M/V Broadway (2012) - Tanker, Tanker Pacific
# M/V Crossway (2012) - Tanker, Tanker Pacific
# M/V RTM Dampier (2012) - Bulk carrier, Rio Tinto Marine<ref name="rtmarine"/>
# RTM Zheng He (2012) - Bulk carrier, Rio Tinto Marine<ref name="rtmarine"/>
# RTM Cabot (2013) - Bulk carrier, Rio Tinto Marine<ref name="rtmarine"/>
# RTM Drake(2013) - Bulk carrier, Rio Tinto Marine<ref name="rtmarine"/>
# RTM Columbus (2013) - Bulk carrier, Rio Tinto Marine<ref name="rtmarine"/>
# RTM Tasman (2013) - Bulk carrier, Rio Tinto Marine<ref name="rtmarine"/>
# Maersk Euphrates (2014) - Container, Maersk lines<ref>{{cite web|title=Ship Delivery of M/V Maersk Euphrates|url=http://www.veralaw.com/wordpress/ship-delivery-of-mv-maersk-euphrates/|website=veralaw.com|publisher=Vera law|accessdate=5 September 2016}}</ref>
# CMA CGM Antoine de Saint Exupery (2018) - Contianer, CMA CGM (France)<ref>{{cite web |title=Press release - Shipping Giant CMA CGM Highly Commends HHIC-Phil Inc |url=http://www.hhic-phil.com/pr/newsroom_read.aspx?bbsID=858 |publisher=HHIC Phil |accessdate=29 June 2018}}</ref>
# Koksijde (2018) - LPG Carrier, Exmar.
# Kapellen (2018) - LPG Carrier, Exmar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Press release - Hanjin Subic shipyard cruises in stride |url=http://www.hhic-phil.com/pr/newsroom_read.aspx?bbsID=871 |publisher=HHIC Phil |accessdate=29 June 2018}}</ref>
# CMA CGM Louis Bleriot (2018) - Container, CMA CGM (France)<ref>{{cite web |title=Press release - Hanjin Subic shipyard launches 3 vessels simultaneously |url=http://www.hhic-phil.com/pr/newsroom_read.aspx?bbsID=872 |publisher=HHIC Phil |accessdate=29 June 2018}}</ref>
# Levantine Sea (2018) - Crude oil tanker, Tomtef shipping inc. (Singapore)
# Iberian Sea (2018) - Crude oil tanker, Drom Maritime Inc. (Singapore)
# CMA CGM Jean Mermoz (2018) - 20,600 TEU Container, CMA CGM (France)<ref>{{cite news |title=Press release - Hanjin Shipyard Delivers 2nd Subic-made 20,600 TEU Containership Vessel |url=http://www.hhic-phil.com/pr/newsroom_read.aspx?bbsID=876 |accessdate=29 June 2018 |publisher=HHIC Phil |date=18 May 2018}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
Line 123: Line 100:


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{official|http://www.hhic-phil.com/ }}
* {{official|http://www.hhic-phil.com/}}
* [http://www.pia.gov.ph/?m=1&t=1&id=54587 SBMA chair cites Korean ship builder’s role in Phl economy], [[Philippine Information Agency]]
* [http://www.pia.gov.ph/?m=1&t=1&id=54587 SBMA chair cites Korean shipbuilder's role in Philippines economy], [[Philippine Information Agency]]


[[Category:Shipbuilding companies of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Shipbuilding companies of the Philippines]]

Latest revision as of 22:48, 8 June 2024

Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction Philippines
IndustrieShipbuilding
GegründetFebruary 2006; 18 years ago (2006-02)
Hauptsitz
Philippinen
Areas served
Worldwide
ServicesShipbuilding
Number of employees
23,000 (2019[1])
ParentHanjin Heavy Industries and Construction
Korean name
Hangul
한진필리핀
Hanja
韓進
Revised RomanizationHanjin Philippines
McCune–ReischauerHanjin Philippines

Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction Philippines, also known as HHIC Phil, was a Philippines-based shipbuilding company established in February 2006 by Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction of South Korea. In the same month, its first shipbuilding contract was signed for four container ships. In May 2006, the construction of a shipyard began on Redondo Peninsula, on the western edge of Subic Bay.[citation needed]

The first vessel "Argolikos" was delivered in July 2008 for the Greek ship owner Dioryx.[2] As of April 2011, the shipyard had delivered 20 ships. In 2013, the shipyard made its first oil tanker, and in 2016, it delivered its first gas carrier. The shipyard has also built parts of CALM buoys used for the Malampaya gas field offshore project. The shipyard also has two large dry docks.[3]

In January 2019, the company filed for the largest bankruptcy in Philippine history with unpaid loan obligations amounting to US$412 million.[4]

Background

[edit]

As part of its overseas expansion process in 2004, Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction started building a shipyard on the Redondo peninsula, southwest of Subic, Zambales. According to the company's website, this resulted in the world's fourth-largest shipyard. As of September 2011, the shipyard employed 21,000 Filipinos.[citation needed]

On April 18, 2012, according to The New York Times, "a subsidiary of Huntington Ingalls Industries, a United States defense contractor, announced a deal to work with Hanjin Heavy Industries, which maintains a shipbuilding and repair facility at the former base at Subic Bay. That opens the door to large-scale servicing of United States military ships there for the first time in almost 20 years."[5] Huntington Ingalls said in a news release that the companies "will work together in providing maintenance, repair and logistics services to the U.S. Navy and other customers in the Western Pacific region."[6]

The company's workforce was expected to increase to nearly 28,000 in 2016. However, a slump in shipbuilding projects limited the workforce to 20,000 as of 2017.[citation needed]

As of September 2017, the company had the largest shipyard in the Philippines and was one of the largest private employers in the country.[citation needed]

Shipyard

[edit]
Main article: Hanjin Subic Shipyard
A 20.766 TEU container ship (CMA CGM Louis Bleriot) and oil tanker (Levantine Sea) being constructed at Dry Dock number 6

The shipyard is located on the eastern side of Redondo peninsula, in Agusuhin sitio, in Zambales province on Luzon.[7] A large number of Koreans and Romanians who form the upper management of the shipyard live on site in barracks (colloquially called chicken coops). The shipyard occupies land owned by the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority (SBMA) and was leased out to the company on a 40-year basis.[citation needed][needs update]

Jeepneys and buses hired by the company transport workers between the shipyard and the two nearby towns of Castillejos and Subic, with many workers staying farther out in Olongapo and San Marcelino. Most workers come to work at the company from other parts of the Philippines and stay in boarding houses in these towns. A large ferry and 25 charter buses transport its workers to and from Olongapo daily.[citation needed] Additionally, two smaller company-owned fast ferries transport a small number of the owners' representatives from Hanjin jetty near All Hands Beach, Subic Bay Freeport Zone to the shipyard. Security at the shipyard remains tight due to high pilferage by workers during its early years. The area is also strategically important to the Philippine Armed Forces, and is protected by both HHIC Police and Philippine Armed Forces commandos.[citation needed][needs update]

Bankruptcy

[edit]

On November 22, 2018, the company delivered two recently completed 114,000 deadweight ton crude oil tankers.[8] However, with 20 vessels in different stages of construction at the time, the company found it difficult to service its high debts or to get further extensions from its lenders. On January 8, 2019, the company filed for corporate restructuring due to default or failure to comply with its loan obligation of $412 million to five Philippine banks, namely Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation, Land Bank, Metrobank, Bank of the Philippine Islands, and Banco de Oro. It became the biggest bankruptcy in the Philippines, surpassing the $386 million default by Lehman Brothers in the Philippines in 2008. As of January 2019, the five banks were working to take over the company's shipyard.[1] On January 19, 2019, it was reported that two Chinese firms had filed expressions of interest to purchase the shipyard along with its debt.[9] Subsequently, TradeWinds reported that HHIC Phil and the Philippine government had agreed upon a debt swap deal.[10][needs update]

Australian shipbuilder Austal and US-based private equity firm Cerberus Capital Management considered launching a joint bid to take over the Subic shipyard.[11] Austal would later drop its bid to have a stake in the shipyard.[12]

Agila Subic became Cerberus' new partner, taking over the shipyard's operations in March 2022.[13] Agila Subic is a Dutch venture consisting of four companies that are affiliates of Cerberus.[14] Accordingly, the shipyard was renamed the Agila Subic Multi-Use Facilities.[15]

The Philippine Navy began leasing the shipyard's northern section in May 2022.[16] American defense contractor Vectrus also moved in.[17]

Cerberus completed its acquisition of the shipyard by April 2022.[18] In November 2022, SBMA officials welcomed United States Ambassador to the Philippines, MaryKay Carlson, and indicated they wanted to see American military forces return to the Philippine naval base.[19]

Labor

[edit]

Nationalities employed

[edit]

The shipyard's upper management consists of around 100 Koreans. The middle management staff includes Koreans, Romanians, and Filipinos. The foremen include Koreans, Filipinos, and Romanians, mostly employed by subsidiary companies of HHIC Phil operated by Filipinos. Most of the approximately 200 Romanian workers are employed in dock 5 and a few in dock 6 through the Romanian recruitment company Gateway Trading SRL. As of 2017 most of the workers, nearly 19,000, are Filipino. The shipyard provides free lunch, dinner and breakfast to all its workers in five large canteens.[citation needed]

Alleged labor violations

[edit]

While the company's presence in Subic has brought thousands of jobs to the area, a steady stream of accidental workplace deaths and alleged labor violations have led to questions about the company's compliance with Philippine labor and occupational safety laws. During two months in 2008, five workers were killed in accidents that may have resulted from unsafe working conditions.[20] This prompted investigations by the SBMA and the Philippine Congress, which found violations of safety and labor laws. After the Congressional inquiry, legislators required the company to build a medical center and comply with industrial safety laws within six months. Workers have since continued to express complaints of abuse by management; one such incident was caught on camera and distributed to the Filipino news station ABS-CBN.[21] Many workers have also begun to organize to attain union recognition. According to organizers, who have started a blog to document abuses, 60 employees have been terminated for union-related activity, and over 30 have been killed in workplace accidents since the shipyard opened in 2006.[22] Filipino church groups like the Caritas Filipinas Foundation have also rallied in support of the workers.[23] HHIC Phil General Manager Pyeong Jong Yu has expressed commitment to preventing future incidents.[24]

Since 2011, safety standards at the shipyard have improved, especially after ship owners introduced their own health and safety teams to augment the shipyard efforts.[citation needed]

Ships built

[edit]

The shipyard builds bulk carriers, container ships, and oil tankers. Additionally, it has undertaken offshore construction work such as building CALM buoys for the Malampaya gas field project.[25]

Types of ships built

[edit]

Notable ships

[edit]
The CMA CGM Antoine de Saint Exupery

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Lucas, Daxim; Camus, Miguel (January 11, 2019). "Local banks grapple with biggest default in PH corporate history". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
  2. ^ "Hanjin Subic launches its first ship". April 28, 2008.
  3. ^ "Hanjin delivers 2 new bulk carriers to Greek firm". Malaya. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2011.
  4. ^ Sicat, Gerardo P. (January 16, 2019). "Hanjin Philippines shipbuilding bankruptcy". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 17, 2023.
  5. ^ Whaley, Floyd (April 29, 2012). "Philippines Role May Grow as U.S. Adjusts Asia Strategy". The New York Times. Retrieved August 23, 2022.
  6. ^ Gallop, Leslie (April 18, 2012). "Huntington Ingalls Industries Subsidiary AMSEC LLC Partners With HHIC Holdings Co., Ltd". GlobeNewswire News Room (Press release). Retrieved August 23, 2022.
  7. ^ "Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction-Philippines, Inc. – Wikimapia".
  8. ^ "Hanjin Shipyard Delivers 2 units of 114K Crude Oil Tanker". HHIC Phil news room. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
  9. ^ "Chinese Investors Interested in Cash-Strapped Hanjin Subic". World maritime news. January 14, 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
  10. ^ Dixon, Gary (February 15, 2019). "Hanjin strikes debt-swap deal for Philippines yard". TradeWinds. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
  11. ^ "Austal, Cerberus team up to eye Hanjin's Philippine shipyard". Reuters. October 9, 2019. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
  12. ^ "Former Hanjin Subic Bay Shipyard in Philippines Being Sold to Cerberus". The Maritime Executive. March 9, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  13. ^ "Cerberus-Agila taking over Hanjin Subic shipbuilding facility". Manila Bulletin. March 7, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  14. ^ Empeño, Henry (September 16, 2022). "Subic redux". BusinessMirror. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  15. ^ Fadriquela, Jerome (August 31, 2022). "PH-UAE defense industry at shipbuilding partnership pinag-aaralan". TFC News (in Tagalog). ABS-CBN News. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  16. ^ Mangosing, Frances (May 26, 2022). "Navy makes strategic move to Subic shipyard facing WPS". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  17. ^ Verdejo, Genivi (June 1, 2022). "SBMA sees Agila Subic's takeoff". The Manila Times. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  18. ^ "US-based Cerberus acquires Hanjin shipyard in Subic Bay". CNN Philippines. April 22, 2022. Archived from the original on April 22, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  19. ^ "U.S. military poised to return to Subic Bay, counter China's presence". Kyodo News. November 24, 2022.
  20. ^ "Two workers died in another Hanjin 'freak' accident". ABS-CBN. March 11, 2008.
  21. ^ "Hanjin labor 'abuse' caught on cam". ABS-CBN. March 19, 2012.
  22. ^ "Hanjinworkers's Blog".
  23. ^ "Hanjin Shipyard: Hell on Earth : NASSA | Official Website". nassa.org.ph. Archived from the original on December 16, 2014.
  24. ^ "ABS-CBN News | Latest Philippine Headlines, Breaking News, Video, Analysis, Features".
  25. ^ Olchondra, Riza (February 21, 2014). "$756M Malampaya rig going up in Subic". Inquirer. Retrieved September 5, 2016.
  26. ^ "First RP-built cargo ship inaugurated in Subic Bay". ABS-CBN News. July 4, 2008. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
  27. ^ a b Custodio, Arlo (January 27, 2018). "Hanjin delivers world's biggest cargo vessel". The Manila Times. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
  28. ^ "Hanjin launches most giant oil tanker ever built in the country : NewsCentral". Archived from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
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