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Coordinates: 34°8′32.66″N 118°17′36.28″W / 34.1424056°N 118.2934111°W / 34.1424056; -118.2934111
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{{Short description|1933 wildfire in Southern California}}
{{Infobox wildfire
{{Infobox wildfire
| title = Griffith Park Fire
| title = Griffith Park Fire
| image =
| image =Workers fighting a fire in Griffith Park, Los Angeles, 1933.jpg
| caption =
| caption =
| cost =
| cost =
| injuries = 150+<ref name="npr">{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10096350 |title=Griffith Park Fire Stirs Visions of 1933 Destruction |work=[[NPR]] |date=2007-05-09 |accessdate=2018-03-06}}</ref>
| injuries = 150+<ref name="npr">{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10096350 |title=Griffith Park Fire Stirs Visions of 1933 Destruction |work=[[NPR]] |date=2007-05-09 |access-date=2018-03-06}}</ref>
| fatalities = 29
| fatalities = 29
| reference =
| reference =
<!-- ONLY FOR INDIVIDUAL FIRES -->
<!-- ONLY FOR INDIVIDUAL FIRES -->
| date = {{Start date|1933|10|03}} – ?
| date = {{Unbulleted list|{{Start date|1933|10|03}} – |{{End date|1933|10|04}}}}
| location = [[Griffith Park]], [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]
| location = [[Griffith Park]], [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]
| coordinates = {{coord|34|8|32.66|N|118|17|36.28|W|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|34|8|32.66|N|118|17|36.28|W|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = Los Angeles
| pushpin_map = Los Angeles
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Fire in Los Angeles
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Fire in Los Angeles
| area = {{Convert|47|acre|km2|0}}
| area = {{Convert|47|acre|ha|0}}
| buildings = {{ubl}}
| buildings = {{ubl}}
| cause =
| cause =
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}}
}}


The '''1933 Griffith Park Fire''' was a [[Wildfire|brush fire]] that occurred on 3 October 1933 in [[Griffith Park]] in [[Los Angeles]], resulting in the deaths of at least 29 civilians who were trying to fight the fire. It was one of the [[List of the deadliest firefighter disasters in the United States|deadliest firefighter disasters in United States history]].
The '''1933 Griffith Park Fire''' was a [[Wildfire|brush fire]] that occurred October 3, 1933 in [[Griffith Park]] in [[Los Angeles]], resulting in the deaths of at least 29 civilians who were trying to fight the fire.


==Background==
==Background==
During the dry summer and fall of 1933, thousands of workers financed by the [[Reconstruction Finance Corporation]] were hired to clear dry brush and to build trails and roads in Griffith Park.<ref name="lafire"/><ref name="latimes1">{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jul/01/local/la-me-ln-griffith-fire-20130701 |title=29 L.A. firefighters lost in 1933 in Griffith Park blaze |last=Dolan |first=Jack |date=July 1, 2013 |work=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=August 27, 2014}}</ref> On October 3, 1933, an estimated 3,780 men were working in the park, for a pay of 40 cents an hour.<ref name="lafire"/><ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/12/15/oh-god-help-me-in-californias-deadliest-fire-survivors-watched-co-workers-die |title='Oh God! Help me!': In California's deadliest fire, survivors watched co-workers die |author=Vargas, Theresa |date=2017-12-15 |accessdate=2018-03-06}}</ref> More than 100 squads of 50 to 80 men were at work in the park, each supervised by a foreman or "[[wikt:straw boss|straw boss]]".<ref name="lafire"/>
During the dry summer and fall of 1933, thousands of workers financed by the [[Reconstruction Finance Corporation]] were hired to clear dry brush and to build trails and roads in Griffith Park.<ref name="lafire"/><ref name="latimes1">{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jul/01/local/la-me-ln-griffith-fire-20130701 |title=29 L.A. firefighters lost in 1933 in Griffith Park blaze |last=Dolan |first=Jack |date=July 1, 2013 |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=August 27, 2014}}</ref> On October 3, 1933, an estimated 3,780 men were working in the park, for a pay of 40 cents an hour.<ref name="lafire"/><ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/12/15/oh-god-help-me-in-californias-deadliest-fire-survivors-watched-co-workers-die |title='Oh God! Help me!': In California's deadliest fire, survivors watched co-workers die |author=Vargas, Theresa |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=2017-12-15 |access-date=2018-03-06}}</ref> More than 100 squads of 50 to 80 men were at work in the park, each supervised by a foreman or "[[wikt:straw boss|straw boss]]".<ref name="lafire"/>


==Fire==
==Fire==
A little after 2 p.m., a small fire started in a pile of debris in Mineral Wells Canyon. Many of the workers volunteered or were ordered to fight the fire, but it spread up the canyon. Because there was no piped water in the area, the men tried to beat out the fire with shovels.<ref name="lafire"/> Foremen with no knowledge of firefighting initially directed the effort, setting inappropriate [[Controlled_burn|back fire]]s<!-- Definition found at end of this web article: http://www.lafire.com/famous_fires/1933-1003_GriffithParkFire/1933-1003_GriffithParkFire.htm --> and sending hundreds of workers into a steep canyon. The fire department arrived at 2:26&nbsp;p.m. but found it hard to fight the fire because of the presence of thousands of untrained people.<ref name="lafire">{{cite web |url=http://www.lafire.com/famous_fires/1933-1003_GriffithParkFire/1933-1003_GriffithParkFire.htm|title=The Griffith Park Fire|work=Los Angeles Fire Department Historical Archive|accessdate=August 27, 2014}}</ref> When the wind changed direction at about 3 p.m., the fire rushed up [[Dam Canyon]]<!-- unknown location, 2018-03-06 -->, jumped a hastily constructed [[firebreak]], and advanced on the workers, killing dozens and injuring more than 100.<ref name="lafire"/> By nightfall the fire was under control, after burning about {{convert|47|acre|ha}} of the park's 4,200 acres.<ref name="lafire"/><ref name="npr"/>
A little after 2 p.m. local time, a small fire started in a pile of debris in Mineral Wells Canyon. Many of the workers volunteered or were ordered to fight the fire, but it spread up the canyon. Because there was no piped water in the area, the men tried to beat out the fire with shovels.<ref name="lafire"/> Foremen with no knowledge of firefighting initially directed the effort, setting inappropriate [[Controlled_burn|back fire]]s<!-- Definition found at end of this web article: http://www.lafire.com/famous_fires/1933-1003_GriffithParkFire/1933-1003_GriffithParkFire.htm --> and sending hundreds of workers into a steep canyon. The fire department arrived at 2:26&nbsp;p.m. but found it hard to fight the fire because of the presence of thousands of untrained people.<ref name="lafire">{{cite web |url=http://www.lafire.com/famous_fires/1933-1003_GriffithParkFire/1933-1003_GriffithParkFire.htm|title=The Griffith Park Fire|work=Los Angeles Fire Department Historical Archive|access-date=August 27, 2014}}</ref> When the wind changed direction at about 3 p.m., the fire rushed up [[Dam Canyon]]<!-- unknown location, 2018-03-06 -->, jumped a hastily constructed [[firebreak]], and advanced on the workers, killing dozens and injuring more than 100.<ref name="lafire"/> By nightfall the fire was under control, after burning about {{convert|47|acre|ha}} of the park's 4,200 acres.<ref name="lafire"/><ref name="npr"/>


==Aftermath==
==Aftermath==
Because of the disorganized nature of the deployment and the often inaccurate recordkeeping of the work project, it took weeks to establish the exact death toll and identify the bodies. A month after the fire, the [[Los Angeles County District Attorney|District Attorney]]'s office put the official death toll at 29, with 27 dead at the scene and two dead in hospitals afterwards.<ref name="lafire"/><ref name="washingtonpost"/> The Griffith Park fire remained the single-deadliest fire in California history for 85 years until being surpassed by the [[Camp Fire (2018)|Camp Fire]] in 2018, which killed at least 76 people.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46230927 California wildfires: Number of missing leaps to 631]</ref> The cause of the fire was never fully determined.<ref name="deadliest_ca_fires">{{cite web |url=http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/fact_sheets/Top20_Deadliest.pdf |title=Top 20 Deadliest California Fires |accessdate=2018-03-06 |date=2017-11-29 |work=[[CAL FIRE]]}}</ref>
Because of the disorganized nature of the deployment and the often inaccurate recordkeeping of the work project, it took weeks to establish the exact death toll and identify the bodies. A month after the fire, the [[Los Angeles County District Attorney|District Attorney]]'s office put the official death toll at 29, with 27 dead at the scene and two dead in hospitals afterwards.<ref name="lafire"/><ref name="washingtonpost"/> The Griffith Park fire remained the single-deadliest wildfire in California history for 85 years until being surpassed by the [[Camp Fire (2018)|Camp Fire]] in 2018, which killed 85 people.<ref name="Camp Fire info">{{cite web |title=Camp Fire Incident Information |url=http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/2277 |publisher=CalFire |access-date=22 November 2018 |archive-date=7 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207134414/http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/2277 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


To commemorate the dead workers, a [[deodar tree]] was planted at the entrance to the park along with a memorial plaque. The plaque can no longer be found.<ref name= "lafire" />
To commemorate the fallen workers, a [[deodar tree]] was planted at the entrance to the park along with a memorial plaque. The plaque can no longer be found.<ref name= "lafire" /> The courts ruled that victims were not eligible for civil compensation due to their unofficial employment by a 'straw boss' (Ca. Public Resources Code)

==See also==
{{Portal|California}}
* [[List of California wildfires]]


==References==
==References==
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{{California wildfires by year}}
{{California wildfires by year}}
{{California wildfires by deaths}}


[[Category:1933 in California]]
[[Category:1933 in Los Angeles]]
[[Category:1933 natural disasters in the United States]]
[[Category:1933 natural disasters in the United States]]
[[Category:1933 wildfires]]
[[Category:1930s wildfires]]
[[Category:Griffith Park]]
[[Category:Griffith Park]]
[[Category:History of Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Santa Monica Mountains]]
[[Category:Santa Monica Mountains]]
[[Category:Wildfires in Los Angeles County, California]]
[[Category:Wildfires in Los Angeles County, California]]
[[Category:October 1933 events]]
[[Category:October 1933 events]]
[[Category:1933 fires in the United States]]
[[Category:20th-century wildfires in the United States]]

Revision as of 01:05, 9 June 2024

Griffith Park Fire
Date(s)
  • October 3, 1933 (1933-10-03) –
  • October 4, 1933 (1933-10-04)
StandortGriffith Park, Los Angeles, California
Coordinates34°8′32.66″N 118°17′36.28″W / 34.1424056°N 118.2934111°W / 34.1424056; -118.2934111
Statistics
Burned area47 acres (19 ha)
Impacts
Deaths29
Non-fatal injuries150+[1]
Map
1933 Griffith Park fire is located in the Los Angeles metropolitan area
1933 Griffith Park fire
Location of Fire in Los Angeles

The 1933 Griffith Park Fire was a brush fire that occurred October 3, 1933 in Griffith Park in Los Angeles, resulting in the deaths of at least 29 civilians who were trying to fight the fire.

Background

During the dry summer and fall of 1933, thousands of workers financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation were hired to clear dry brush and to build trails and roads in Griffith Park.[2][3] On October 3, 1933, an estimated 3,780 men were working in the park, for a pay of 40 cents an hour.[2][4] More than 100 squads of 50 to 80 men were at work in the park, each supervised by a foreman or "straw boss".[2]

Fire

A little after 2 p.m. local time, a small fire started in a pile of debris in Mineral Wells Canyon. Many of the workers volunteered or were ordered to fight the fire, but it spread up the canyon. Because there was no piped water in the area, the men tried to beat out the fire with shovels.[2] Foremen with no knowledge of firefighting initially directed the effort, setting inappropriate back fires and sending hundreds of workers into a steep canyon. The fire department arrived at 2:26 p.m. but found it hard to fight the fire because of the presence of thousands of untrained people.[2] When the wind changed direction at about 3 p.m., the fire rushed up Dam Canyon, jumped a hastily constructed firebreak, and advanced on the workers, killing dozens and injuring more than 100.[2] By nightfall the fire was under control, after burning about 47 acres (19 ha) of the park's 4,200 acres.[2][1]

Aftermath

Because of the disorganized nature of the deployment and the often inaccurate recordkeeping of the work project, it took weeks to establish the exact death toll and identify the bodies. A month after the fire, the District Attorney's office put the official death toll at 29, with 27 dead at the scene and two dead in hospitals afterwards.[2][4] The Griffith Park fire remained the single-deadliest wildfire in California history for 85 years until being surpassed by the Camp Fire in 2018, which killed 85 people.[5]

To commemorate the fallen workers, a deodar tree was planted at the entrance to the park along with a memorial plaque. The plaque can no longer be found.[2] The courts ruled that victims were not eligible for civil compensation due to their unofficial employment by a 'straw boss' (Ca. Public Resources Code)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Griffith Park Fire Stirs Visions of 1933 Destruction". NPR. 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2018-03-06.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "The Griffith Park Fire". Los Angeles Fire Department Historical Archive. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  3. ^ Dolan, Jack (July 1, 2013). "29 L.A. firefighters lost in 1933 in Griffith Park blaze". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  4. ^ a b Vargas, Theresa (2017-12-15). "'Oh God! Help me!': In California's deadliest fire, survivors watched co-workers die". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2018-03-06.
  5. ^ "Camp Fire Incident Information". CalFire. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
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