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Quantum mysticism, sometimes referred pejoratively to as quantum quackery or quantum woo,^[1] is a set of metaphysical beliefs and associated practices that seek to relate consciousness, intelligence, spirituality, or mystical worldviews to the ideas of quantum mechanics and its interpretations.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] Quantum mysticism is considered pseudoscience and quackery by quantum mechanics experts.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

Before the 1970s the term was usually used in reference to the von Neumann–Wigner interpretation, but was later more closely associated with the purportedly pseudoscientific views espoused by New Age thinkers such as Fritjof Capra and other members of the Fundamental Fysiks Group, who were influential in popularizing the modern form of quantum mysticism.^[10]

History

Many early quantum physicists held some interest in traditionally Eastern metaphysics. Physicists Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger, two of the main pioneers of quantum mechanics in the 1920s, were interested in Eastern mysticism, but are not known to have directly associated one with the other. In fact, both endorsed the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics.

Olav Hammer said that "Schrödinger’s studies of Hindu mysticism never compelled him to pursue the same course as quantum metaphysicists such as David Bohm or Fritjof Capra." Schrödinger biographer Walter J. Moore said that Schrödinger's two interests of quantum physics and Hindu mysticism were "strangely dissociated".^[11]

In his 1961 paper "Remarks on the mind–body question", Eugene Wigner suggested that a conscious observer played a fundamental role in quantum mechanics,^[12]^[13]^: 93 a concept which is part of the von Neumann–Wigner interpretation. While his paper served as inspiration for later mystical works by others,^[12] Wigner's ideas were primarily philosophical and were not considered overtly pseudoscientific like the mysticism that followed.^[14] By the late 1970s, Wigner had shifted his position and rejected the role of consciousness in quantum mechanics.^[15] Harvard historian Juan Miguel Marin suggests that "consciousness [was] introduced hypothetically at the birth of quantum physics, [and] the term 'mystical' was also used by its founders, to argue in favor of and against such an introduction."^[16]

Mysticism was argued against by Albert Einstein. Einstein's theories have often been falsely believed to support mystical interpretations of quantum theory. Einstein said, with regard to quantum mysticism, "No physicist believes that. Otherwise he wouldn't be a physicist."^[16] He debates several arguments about the approval of mysticism, even suggesting Bohr and Pauli to be in support of and to hold a positive belief in mysticism which he believes to be false.

Niels Bohr denied quantum mysticism and had rejected the hypothesis that quantum theory requires a conscious observer as early as 1927,^[16] despite having been "sympathetic towards the hypothesis that understanding consciousness might require an extension of quantum theory to accommodate laws other than those of physics".^[16]

In New Age thought

In the early 1970s New Age culture began to incorporate ideas from quantum physics, beginning with books by Arthur Koestler, Lawrence LeShan and others which suggested that purported parapsychological phenomena could be explained by quantum mechanics.^[13]^: 32

In this decade, the Fundamental Fysiks Group emerged. This group of physicists embraced quantum mysticism, parapsychology, Transcendental Meditation, and various New Age and Eastern mystical practices.^[17]

Inspired in part by Wigner's exploration of the von Neumann–Wigner interpretation,^[12] Fritjof Capra, a member of the Fundamental Fysiks Group,^[17] wrote The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism (1975),^[18] which espoused New Age quantum physics; the book was popular among the non-scientific public.^[13]^: 32 In 1979, Gary Zukav,^[19] a non-scientist and "the most successful of Capra's followers", published The Dancing Wu Li Masters.^[13]^: 32 The Fundamental Fysiks Group and Capra's book are said to be major influences for the rise of quantum mysticism as a pseudoscientific interpretation of quantum mechanics.^[17]

Modern usage and examples

In contrast to the mysticism of the early 20th century, today quantum mysticism typically refers to New Age beliefs that combine ancient mysticism with the language of quantum mechanics.^[20] Called a pseudoscience and a "hijacking" of quantum physics, it draws upon "coincidental similarities of language rather than genuine connections" to quantum mechanics.^[9] Physicist Murray Gell-Mann coined the phrase "quantum flapdoodle" to refer to the misuse and misapplication of quantum physics to other topics.^[21]

An example of such use is New Age guru Deepak Chopra's "quantum theory" that aging is caused by the mind, expounded in his books Quantum Healing (1989) and Ageless Body, Timeless Mind (1993).^[21] In 1998, Chopra was awarded the parody Ig Nobel Prize in the physics category for "his unique interpretation of quantum physics as it applies to life, liberty, and the pursuit of economic happiness".^[22] In 2012, Stuart Hameroff and Chopra proposed that the "quantum soul" could exist "apart from the body" and "in space-time geometry, outside the brain, distributed nonlocally".^[23]

The 2004 film What the Bleep Do We Know!? dealt with a range of New Age ideas in relation to physics. It was produced by the Ramtha School of Enlightenment, founded by J.Z. Knight, a channeler who said that her teachings were based on a discourse with a 35,000-year-old disembodied entity named Ramtha.^[24] Featuring Fundamental Fysiks Group member Fred Alan Wolf,^[17] the film misused some aspects of quantum mechanics—including the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the observer effect—as well as biology and medicine.^[25] Numerous critics dismissed the film for its use of pseudoscience.^[26]^[27]

Notes

^ Moriarty, Philip (2018-06-12). "The wow and the woo". Physics World. Archived from the original on 2022-02-21. Retrieved 2022-02-21. If, like me, you were expecting Quantum Sense and Nonsense to be a take on quantum woo that echoes the style and approach of Fashionable Nonsense, then you may be slightly disappointed with Bricmont's new book.
^ Athearn, D. (1994). Scientific Nihilism: On the Loss and Recovery of Physical Explanation (S U N Y Series in Philosophy). Albany, New York: State University Of New York Press.
^ Edis, T. (2005). Science and Nonbelief. New York: Greenwood Press.
^ Stenger, Victor (2003), Has Science Found God? The Latest Results in the Search for Purpose in the Universe, Prometheus Books, p. 373, ISBN 978-1-59102-018-9, archived from the original on October 19, 2014
^ Edis, T. (2002). The Ghost in the Universe: God in Light of Modern Science. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books.
^ Crease, R. P. (1993). The Play of Nature (Indiana Series in the Philosophy of Technology). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
^ Seager, W. (1999). Theories of Consciousness: An Introduction (Philosophical Issues in Science). New York: Routledge.
^ Grim, Patrick (1982). Philosophy of Science and the Occult. SUNY Press. p. 87. ISBN 9781438404981. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
^ ^a ^b Collins, Tim (2 March 2010). Behind the Lost Symbol. Penguin Group US. p. 87. ISBN 9781101197615. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
^ ^a ^b Ascari, Maurizio (1 March 2009). "From Spiritualism to Syncretism: Twentieth-Century Pseudo-Science and the Quest for Wholeness". Interdisciplinary Science Reviews. 34 (1): 9–21. Bibcode:2009ISRv...34....9A. doi:10.1179/174327909X421425. ISSN 0308-0188. S2CID 144655823.
^ ^a ^b Hammer, Olav (1 September 2003). Claiming Knowledge: Strategies of Epistemology from Theosophy to the New Age. BRILL. p. 279. ISBN 90-04-13638-X. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Zyga, Lisa (8 June 2009). "Quantum Mysticism: Gone but Not Forgotten". Phys.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Leane, Elizabeth (2007). Reading Popular Physics: Disciplinary Skirmishes and Textual Strategies. Ashgate Publishing, Limited. ISBN 9780754658504. Archived from the original on 2023-07-04. Retrieved 2015-03-21.
^ Schweber, Silvan (September 2011). "How the Hippies Saved Physics: Science, Counterculture, and the Quantum Revival". Physics Today. 64 (9): 59–60. Bibcode:2011PhT....64i..59S. doi:10.1063/PT.3.1261.
^ Michael Esfeld, (1999), Essay Review: Wigner’s View of Physical Reality Archived 2014-02-01 at the Wayback Machine, published in Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 30B, pp. 145–154, Elsevier Science Ltd.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Marin, Juan Miguel (2009-07-01). "'Mysticism' in quantum mechanics: the forgotten controversy". European Journal of Physics. 30 (4): 807–822. Bibcode:2009EJPh...30..807M. doi:10.1088/0143-0807/30/4/014. ISSN 0143-0807. S2CID 122757714.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Kaiser, David (2011). How the Hippies Saved Physics: Science, Counterculture, and the Quantum Revival. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393082302.
^ Capra, Fritjof (1975). The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism. Boston, Massachusetts: Shambhala Publications.
^ Zukav, Gary (1979). The Dancing Wu Li Masters. New York: William Morrow And Company, Inc.
^ Stenger, Victor J. (January 1997). "Quantum Quackery". Skeptical Inquirer. Vol. 21, no. 1.
^ ^a ^b Stenger, Victor J. (2009). Quantum Gods: Creation, Chaos and the Search for Cosmic Consciousness. Prometheus Books. p. 8. ISBN 9781615920587. Archived from the original on 2023-07-04. Retrieved 2015-03-21.
^ "The 1998 Ig Nobel Prize Winners". Archived from the original on 2009-08-30. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
^ Hameroff, Stuart R.; Chopra, Deepak (2012). "The "quantum soul": a scientific hypothesis". In Moreira-Almeida, Alexander; Santos, Franklin Santana (eds.). Exploring Frontiers of the Mind-Brain Relationship. New York: Springer. pp. 79–93. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0647-1_5. ISBN 978-1-4614-0647-1. When the blood stops flowing, energy and oxygen depleted and microtubules inactivated or destroyed (e.g., near death experience (NDE)/out-of-body experience (OBE), death), it is conceivable that the quantum information which constitutes consciousness could shift to deeper planes and continue to exist purely in space-time geometry, outside the brain, distributed nonlocally. Movement of consciousness to deeper planes could account for NDEs/OBEs, as well as, conceivably, a soul apart from the body.
^ Gorenfeld, John (16 September 2004). ""Bleep" of faith". Salon. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
^ Hobbs, Bernie (30 June 2005). "What the bleep are they on about?". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
^ Wilson, Elizabeth (2005-01-13). "What the Bleep Do We Know?!". American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on 2007-12-21. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
^ "Britain's best scientific brains give us their verdicts on a film about quantum physics". The Guardian. 16 May 2005. Archived from the original on 22 August 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2014.

External links

Media related to Quantum mysticism at Wikimedia Commons

[1] Moriarty, Philip (2018-06-12). "The wow and the woo". Physics World. Archived from the original on 2022-02-21. Retrieved 2022-02-21. If, like me, you were expecting Quantum Sense and Nonsense to be a take on quantum woo that echoes the style and approach of Fashionable Nonsense, then you may be slightly disappointed with Bricmont's new book.

[2] Athearn, D. (1994). Scientific Nihilism: On the Loss and Recovery of Physical Explanation (S U N Y Series in Philosophy). Albany, New York: State University Of New York Press.

[Edis,_T._2005-3] Edis, T. (2005). Science and Nonbelief. New York: Greenwood Press.

[4] Stenger, Victor (2003), Has Science Found God? The Latest Results in the Search for Purpose in the Universe, Prometheus Books, p. 373, ISBN 978-1-59102-018-9, archived from the original on October 19, 2014

[5] Edis, T. (2002). The Ghost in the Universe: God in Light of Modern Science. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books.

[6] Crease, R. P. (1993). The Play of Nature (Indiana Series in the Philosophy of Technology). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

[7] Seager, W. (1999). Theories of Consciousness: An Introduction (Philosophical Issues in Science). New York: Routledge.

[Grim1982-8] Grim, Patrick (1982). Philosophy of Science and the Occult. SUNY Press. p. 87. ISBN 9781438404981. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2014.

[Collins2010-9] Collins, Tim (2 March 2010). Behind the Lost Symbol. Penguin Group US. p. 87. ISBN 9781101197615. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2014.

[:0-10] Ascari, Maurizio (1 March 2009). "From Spiritualism to Syncretism: Twentieth-Century Pseudo-Science and the Quest for Wholeness". Interdisciplinary Science Reviews. 34 (1): 9–21. Bibcode:2009ISRv...34....9A. doi:10.1179/174327909X421425. ISSN 0308-0188. S2CID 144655823.

[Hammer2003-11] Hammer, Olav (1 September 2003). Claiming Knowledge: Strategies of Epistemology from Theosophy to the New Age. BRILL. p. 279. ISBN 90-04-13638-X. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2020.

[notforgotten-12] Zyga, Lisa (8 June 2009). "Quantum Mysticism: Gone but Not Forgotten". Phys.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2012.

[reading-13] Leane, Elizabeth (2007). Reading Popular Physics: Disciplinary Skirmishes and Textual Strategies. Ashgate Publishing, Limited. ISBN 9780754658504. Archived from the original on 2023-07-04. Retrieved 2015-03-21.

[freewheeling-14] Schweber, Silvan (September 2011). "How the Hippies Saved Physics: Science, Counterculture, and the Quantum Revival". Physics Today. 64 (9): 59–60. Bibcode:2011PhT....64i..59S. doi:10.1063/PT.3.1261.

[Esfeld-15] Michael Esfeld, (1999), Essay Review: Wigner’s View of Physical Reality Archived 2014-02-01 at the Wayback Machine, published in Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 30B, pp. 145–154, Elsevier Science Ltd.

[:4-16] Marin, Juan Miguel (2009-07-01). "'Mysticism' in quantum mechanics: the forgotten controversy". European Journal of Physics. 30 (4): 807–822. Bibcode:2009EJPh...30..807M. doi:10.1088/0143-0807/30/4/014. ISSN 0143-0807. S2CID 122757714.

[hippies-17] Kaiser, David (2011). How the Hippies Saved Physics: Science, Counterculture, and the Quantum Revival. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393082302.

[18] Capra, Fritjof (1975). The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism. Boston, Massachusetts: Shambhala Publications.

[wuli-19] Zukav, Gary (1979). The Dancing Wu Li Masters. New York: William Morrow And Company, Inc.

[stenger1997-20] Stenger, Victor J. (January 1997). "Quantum Quackery". Skeptical Inquirer. Vol. 21, no. 1.

[gods-21] Stenger, Victor J. (2009). Quantum Gods: Creation, Chaos and the Search for Cosmic Consciousness. Prometheus Books. p. 8. ISBN 9781615920587. Archived from the original on 2023-07-04. Retrieved 2015-03-21.

[22] "The 1998 Ig Nobel Prize Winners". Archived from the original on 2009-08-30. Retrieved 2007-06-21.

[Hameroff2012-23] Hameroff, Stuart R.; Chopra, Deepak (2012). "The "quantum soul": a scientific hypothesis". In Moreira-Almeida, Alexander; Santos, Franklin Santana (eds.). Exploring Frontiers of the Mind-Brain Relationship. New York: Springer. pp. 79–93. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0647-1_5. ISBN 978-1-4614-0647-1. When the blood stops flowing, energy and oxygen depleted and microtubules inactivated or destroyed (e.g., near death experience (NDE)/out-of-body experience (OBE), death), it is conceivable that the quantum information which constitutes consciousness could shift to deeper planes and continue to exist purely in space-time geometry, outside the brain, distributed nonlocally. Movement of consciousness to deeper planes could account for NDEs/OBEs, as well as, conceivably, a soul apart from the body.

[24] Gorenfeld, John (16 September 2004). ""Bleep" of faith". Salon. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.

[ABC-25] Hobbs, Bernie (30 June 2005). "What the bleep are they on about?". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2014.

[ACS-26] Wilson, Elizabeth (2005-01-13). "What the Bleep Do We Know?!". American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on 2007-12-21. Retrieved 2007-12-19.

[TGU-27] "Britain's best scientific brains give us their verdicts on a film about quantum physics". The Guardian. 16 May 2005. Archived from the original on 22 August 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2014.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{short description|Pseudo-science purporting to build on the principles of quantum mechanics}}
 {{distinguish|Quantum mind}}
+{{New Age beliefs sidebar}}
-'''Quantum mysticism''', sometimes referred pejoratively to as '''quantum quackery''' or '''quantum woo''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://physicsworld.com/a/the-wow-and-the-woo/|title=The wow and the woo|date=2018-06-12|access-date=2022-02-21|website=Physics World|last=Moriarty|first=Philip|author-link=Philip Moriarty|quote=If, like me, you were expecting ''Quantum Sense and Nonsense'' to be a take on quantum woo that echoes the style and approach of ''Fashionable Nonsense'', then you may be slightly disappointed with Bricmont’s new book.|archive-date=2022-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221115700/https://physicsworld.com/a/the-wow-and-the-woo/|url-status=live}}</ref> is a set of [[Metaphysics|metaphysical]] beliefs and associated practices that seek to relate [[consciousness]], intelligence, spirituality, or [[mystical]] worldviews to the ideas of [[quantum mechanics]] and its interpretations.<ref>Athearn, D. (1994). ''Scientific Nihilism: On the Loss and Recovery of Physical Explanation'' (S U N Y Series in Philosophy). Albany, New York: State University Of New York Press.</ref><ref name="Edis, T. 2005">{{cite book|author=Edis, T.|author-link=Taner Edis|year=2005 |title=Science and Nonbelief |location=New York | publisher=Greenwood Press }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Stenger |first=Victor |author-link=Victor J. Stenger |title=Has Science Found God? The Latest Results in the Search for Purpose in the Universe |publisher=[[Prometheus Books]] |year=2003 |pages=373 |isbn=978-1-59102-018-9 |url=http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/Found.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019071755/http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/Found.html |archive-date=October 19, 2014 }}</ref><ref>Edis, T. (2002). ''The Ghost in the Universe: God in Light of Modern Science''. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books.</ref><ref>Crease, R. P. (1993). ''The Play of Nature'' (Indiana Series in the Philosophy of Technology). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.</ref><ref>Seager, W. (1999). ''Theories of Consciousness: An Introduction'' (Philosophical Issues in Science). New York: Routledge.</ref> Quantum mysticism is considered [[pseudoscience]] by quantum mechanics experts<ref name="Grim1982">{{cite book|last=Grim|first=Patrick|title=Philosophy of Science and the Occult|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5VewAkDw8h0C&pg=PA87|access-date=22 July 2014|year=1982|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=9781438404981|page=87|archive-date=4 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704195505/https://books.google.com/books?id=5VewAkDw8h0C&pg=PA87|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Collins2010">{{cite book|last=Collins|first=Tim|title=Behind the Lost Symbol|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-oCD0fVspkC&pg=PT87|access-date=22 July 2014|date=2 March 2010|publisher=Penguin Group US|isbn=9781101197615|page=87|archive-date=4 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704195506/https://books.google.com/books?id=L-oCD0fVspkC&pg=PT87|url-status=live}}</ref> or [[quackery]].<ref name="Pigliucci2010">{{cite book|last=Pigliucci|first=Massimo|author-link=Massimo Pigliucci|title=Nonsense on Stilts: How to Tell Science from Bunk|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aC8Baky2qTcC|access-date=22 July 2014|date=2010-05-15|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226667874|archive-date=2023-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704195506/https://books.google.com/books?id=aC8Baky2qTcC|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=stenger1997/><ref name=shermer2005/>
+'''Quantum mysticism''', sometimes referred pejoratively to as '''quantum quackery''' or '''quantum woo''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://physicsworld.com/a/the-wow-and-the-woo/|title=The wow and the woo|date=2018-06-12|access-date=2022-02-21|website=Physics World|last=Moriarty|first=Philip|author-link=Philip Moriarty|quote=If, like me, you were expecting ''Quantum Sense and Nonsense'' to be a take on quantum woo that echoes the style and approach of ''Fashionable Nonsense'', then you may be slightly disappointed with Bricmont’s new book.|archive-date=2022-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221115700/https://physicsworld.com/a/the-wow-and-the-woo/|url-status=live}}</ref> is a set of [[Metaphysics|metaphysical]] beliefs and associated practices that seek to relate [[consciousness]], intelligence, spirituality, or [[mystical]] worldviews to the ideas of [[quantum mechanics]] and its [[Interpretations of quantum mechanics|interpretations]].<ref>Athearn, D. (1994). ''Scientific Nihilism: On the Loss and Recovery of Physical Explanation'' (S U N Y Series in Philosophy). Albany, New York: State University Of New York Press.</ref><ref name="Edis, T. 2005">{{cite book|author=Edis, T.|author-link=Taner Edis|year=2005 |title=Science and Nonbelief |location=New York | publisher=Greenwood Press }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Stenger |first=Victor |author-link=Victor J. Stenger |title=Has Science Found God? The Latest Results in the Search for Purpose in the Universe |publisher=[[Prometheus Books]] |year=2003 |pages=373 |isbn=978-1-59102-018-9 |url=http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/Found.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019071755/http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/Found.html |archive-date=October 19, 2014 }}</ref><ref>Edis, T. (2002). ''The Ghost in the Universe: God in Light of Modern Science''. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books.</ref><ref>Crease, R. P. (1993). ''The Play of Nature'' (Indiana Series in the Philosophy of Technology). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.</ref><ref>Seager, W. (1999). ''Theories of Consciousness: An Introduction'' (Philosophical Issues in Science). New York: Routledge.</ref> Quantum mysticism is considered [[pseudoscience]] and [[quackery]] by quantum mechanics experts.<ref name="Grim1982">{{cite book|last=Grim|first=Patrick|title=Philosophy of Science and the Occult|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5VewAkDw8h0C&pg=PA87|access-date=22 July 2014|year=1982|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=9781438404981|page=87|archive-date=4 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704195505/https://books.google.com/books?id=5VewAkDw8h0C&pg=PA87|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Collins2010">{{cite book|last=Collins|first=Tim|title=Behind the Lost Symbol|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-oCD0fVspkC&pg=PT87|access-date=22 July 2014|date=2 March 2010|publisher=Penguin Group US|isbn=9781101197615|page=87|archive-date=4 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704195506/https://books.google.com/books?id=L-oCD0fVspkC&pg=PT87|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name="Hammer2003" /><ref name="notforgotten" />
-Before the 1970s the term was usually used in reference to the [[von Neumann–Wigner interpretation]], but was later more closely associated with the purportedly pseudoscientific views espoused by [[New Age]] thinkers such as [[Fritjof Capra]] and other members of the [[Fundamental Fysiks Group]], who were influential in popularizing the modern form of quantum mysticism.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ascari |first1=Maurizio |title=From Spiritualism to Syncretism: Twentieth-Century Pseudo-Science and the Quest for Wholeness |journal=Interdisciplinary Science Reviews |date=1 March 2009 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=9–21 |doi=10.1179/174327909X421425 |s2cid=144655823 |issn=0308-0188}}</ref>
+Before the 1970s the term was usually used in reference to the [[von Neumann–Wigner interpretation]], but was later more closely associated with the purportedly pseudoscientific views espoused by [[New Age]] thinkers such as [[Fritjof Capra]] and other members of the [[Fundamental Fysiks Group]], who were influential in popularizing the modern form of quantum mysticism.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last1=Ascari |first1=Maurizio |title=From Spiritualism to Syncretism: Twentieth-Century Pseudo-Science and the Quest for Wholeness |journal=Interdisciplinary Science Reviews |date=1 March 2009 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=9–21 |doi=10.1179/174327909X421425 |bibcode=2009ISRv...34....9A |s2cid=144655823 |issn=0308-0188}}</ref>
 ==History==
@@ Line 9: / Line 10: @@
 Many early quantum physicists held some interest in traditionally [[Eastern philosophy|Eastern metaphysics]]. Physicists [[Werner Heisenberg]] and [[Erwin Schrödinger]], two of the main pioneers of [[quantum mechanics]] in the 1920s, were interested in [[Eastern mysticism]], but are not known to have directly associated one with the other. In fact, both endorsed the [[Copenhagen interpretation]] of quantum mechanics.
-[[Olav Hammer]] said that "[[Erwin Schrödinger|Schrödinger’s]] studies of Hindu mysticism never compelled him to pursue the same course as quantum metaphysicists such as [[David Bohm]] or [[Fritjof Capra]]." Schrödinger biographer, Walter J. Moore, said that Schrödinger's two interests of quantum physics and Hindu mysticism were "strangely dissociated".<ref name="Hammer2003">{{cite book|first=Olav|last=Hammer|title=Claiming Knowledge: Strategies of Epistemology from Theosophy to the New Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EZYsPQgBNioC&pg=PA279|date=1 September 2003|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-13638-X|page=279|access-date=11 January 2020|archive-date=4 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704195506/https://books.google.com/books?id=EZYsPQgBNioC&pg=PA279|url-status=live}}</ref>
+[[Olav Hammer]] said that "[[Erwin Schrödinger|Schrödinger’s]] studies of Hindu mysticism never compelled him to pursue the same course as quantum metaphysicists such as [[David Bohm]] or [[Fritjof Capra]]." Schrödinger biographer Walter J. Moore said that Schrödinger's two interests of quantum physics and Hindu mysticism were "strangely dissociated".<ref name="Hammer2003">{{cite book|first=Olav|last=Hammer|title=Claiming Knowledge: Strategies of Epistemology from Theosophy to the New Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EZYsPQgBNioC&pg=PA279|date=1 September 2003|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-13638-X|page=279|access-date=11 January 2020|archive-date=4 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704195506/https://books.google.com/books?id=EZYsPQgBNioC&pg=PA279|url-status=live}}</ref>
-In his 1961 paper "Remarks on the mind–body question", [[Eugene Wigner]] suggested that a conscious observer played a fundamental role in quantum mechanics,<ref name="notforgotten">{{cite news |author=Zyga, Lisa |date=8 June 2009 |title=Quantum Mysticism: Gone but Not Forgotten |work=Phys.org |url=http://phys.org/news163670588.html |url-status=live |access-date=19 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430074250/http://phys.org/news163670588.html |archive-date=30 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="reading">{{cite book |author=Leane |first=Elizabeth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uvnYaN8VnesC |title=Reading Popular Physics: Disciplinary Skirmishes and Textual Strategies |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Limited |year=2007 |isbn=9780754658504 |access-date=2015-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704195507/https://books.google.com/books?id=uvnYaN8VnesC |archive-date=2023-07-04 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|93}} a part of the [[von Neumann–Wigner interpretation]]. While his paper served as inspiration for later mystical works by others,<ref name="notforgotten" /> Wigner's ideas were primarily philosophical and were not considered overtly pseudoscientific like the mysticism that followed.<ref name="freewheeling">{{cite journal |author=Schweber, Silvan |date=September 2011 |title=How the Hippies Saved Physics: Science, Counterculture, and the Quantum Revival |journal=Physics Today |volume=64 |issue=9 |pages=59–60 |bibcode=2011PhT....64i..59S |doi=10.1063/PT.3.1261}}</ref> By the late 1970s, Wigner had shifted his position and rejected the role of consciousness in quantum mechanics.<ref name="Esfeld">Michael Esfeld, (1999), [http://www.unil.ch/webdav/site/philo/shared/DocsPerso/EsfeldMichael/1999/SHPMP99.pdf Essay Review: Wigner’s View of Physical Reality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201151438/http://www.unil.ch/webdav/site/philo/shared/DocsPerso/EsfeldMichael/1999/SHPMP99.pdf|date=2014-02-01}}, published in Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 30B, pp. 145–154, Elsevier Science Ltd.</ref> Harvard historian [[Juan Miguel Marin]] suggests that "consciousness [was] introduced hypothetically at the birth of quantum physics, [and] the term 'mystical' was also used by its founders, to argue in favor of and against such an introduction."<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Marin|first=Juan Miguel|date=2009-07-01|title='Mysticism' in quantum mechanics: the forgotten controversy |journal=European Journal of Physics|volume=30|issue=4|pages=807–822|doi=10.1088/0143-0807/30/4/014|bibcode=2009EJPh...30..807M|s2cid=122757714 |issn=0143-0807}}</ref>
+In his 1961 paper "Remarks on the mind–body question", [[Eugene Wigner]] suggested that a conscious observer played a fundamental role in quantum mechanics,<ref name="notforgotten">{{cite news |author=Zyga, Lisa |date=8 June 2009 |title=Quantum Mysticism: Gone but Not Forgotten |work=Phys.org |url=http://phys.org/news163670588.html |url-status=live |access-date=19 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430074250/http://phys.org/news163670588.html |archive-date=30 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="reading">{{cite book |author=Leane |first=Elizabeth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uvnYaN8VnesC |title=Reading Popular Physics: Disciplinary Skirmishes and Textual Strategies |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Limited |year=2007 |isbn=9780754658504 |access-date=2015-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704195507/https://books.google.com/books?id=uvnYaN8VnesC |archive-date=2023-07-04 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|93}} a concept which is part of the [[von Neumann–Wigner interpretation]]. While his paper served as inspiration for later mystical works by others,<ref name="notforgotten" /> Wigner's ideas were primarily philosophical and were not considered overtly pseudoscientific like the mysticism that followed.<ref name="freewheeling">{{cite journal |author=Schweber, Silvan |date=September 2011 |title=How the Hippies Saved Physics: Science, Counterculture, and the Quantum Revival |journal=Physics Today |volume=64 |issue=9 |pages=59–60 |bibcode=2011PhT....64i..59S |doi=10.1063/PT.3.1261}}</ref> By the late 1970s, Wigner had shifted his position and rejected the role of consciousness in quantum mechanics.<ref name="Esfeld">Michael Esfeld, (1999), [http://www.unil.ch/webdav/site/philo/shared/DocsPerso/EsfeldMichael/1999/SHPMP99.pdf Essay Review: Wigner’s View of Physical Reality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201151438/http://www.unil.ch/webdav/site/philo/shared/DocsPerso/EsfeldMichael/1999/SHPMP99.pdf|date=2014-02-01}}, published in Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 30B, pp. 145–154, Elsevier Science Ltd.</ref> Harvard historian Juan Miguel Marin suggests that "consciousness [was] introduced hypothetically at the birth of quantum physics, [and] the term 'mystical' was also used by its founders, to argue in favor of and against such an introduction."<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Marin|first=Juan Miguel|date=2009-07-01|title='Mysticism' in quantum mechanics: the forgotten controversy |journal=European Journal of Physics|volume=30|issue=4|pages=807–822|doi=10.1088/0143-0807/30/4/014|bibcode=2009EJPh...30..807M|s2cid=122757714 |issn=0143-0807}}</ref>
-Mysticism was argued against by [[Albert Einstein]]. Einstein's theories have often been falsely believed to support mystical interpretations of quantum theory. Einstein said, with regard to quantum mysticism, "No physicist believes that. Otherwise he wouldn't be a physicist."<ref name=":4" /> He debates several arguments about the approval of mysticism, even claiming [[Niels Bohr|Bohr]] and [[Wolfgang Pauli|Pauli]] to be in support of and to hold a positive belief in mysticism which he believes to be false.
+Mysticism was argued against by [[Albert Einstein]]. Einstein's theories have often been falsely believed to support mystical interpretations of quantum theory. Einstein said, with regard to quantum mysticism, "No physicist believes that. Otherwise he wouldn't be a physicist."<ref name=":4" /> He debates several arguments about the approval of mysticism, even suggesting [[Niels Bohr|Bohr]] and [[Wolfgang Pauli|Pauli]] to be in support of and to hold a positive belief in mysticism which he believes to be false.
-Niels Bohr denied quantum mysticism and had rejected the hypothesis which claims that quantum theory requires a conscious observer as early as 1927,<ref name=":4" /> despite having been "sympathetic towards the hypothesis that understanding consciousness might require an extension of quantum theory to accommodate laws other than those of physics".<ref name=":4" />
+Niels Bohr denied quantum mysticism and had rejected the hypothesis that quantum theory requires a conscious observer as early as 1927,<ref name=":4" /> despite having been "sympathetic towards the hypothesis that understanding consciousness might require an extension of quantum theory to accommodate laws other than those of physics".<ref name=":4" />
-Some of the first to argue that consciousness was a factor in quantum processes were [[Charles Seife]] and [[Eugene Wigner]], who is thought to be the first to introduce the [[mind-body question]] in 1961.
 ==In New Age thought==
 In the early 1970s [[New Age]] culture began to incorporate ideas from [[quantum physics]], beginning with books by [[Arthur Koestler]], [[Lawrence LeShan]] and others which suggested that purported [[parapsychology|parapsychological]] phenomena could be explained by quantum mechanics.<ref name=reading/>{{rp|32}}
-In this decade, the [[Fundamental Fysiks Group]] emerged. This group of physicists embraced quantum mysticism, parapsychology, [[Transcendental Meditation]], and various New Age and [[Eastern mysticism|Eastern mystical]] practices.<ref name=hippies>{{cite book |author=Kaiser, David |title=How the Hippies Saved Physics: Science, Counterculture, and the Quantum Revival |date=2011 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i59PHb9XhJcC |isbn=9780393082302 |access-date=2015-03-21 |archive-date=2023-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704195507/https://books.google.com/books?id=i59PHb9XhJcC |url-status=live }}</ref>
+In this decade, the [[Fundamental Fysiks Group]] emerged. This group of physicists embraced quantum mysticism, parapsychology, [[Transcendental Meditation]], and various New Age and [[Eastern mysticism|Eastern mystical]] practices.<ref name=hippies>{{cite book |last=Kaiser |first=David |title=How the Hippies Saved Physics: Science, Counterculture, and the Quantum Revival |date=2011 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=978-0393082302 }}</ref>
-Inspired in part by Wigner's exploration of the [[von Neumann–Wigner interpretation]],<ref name="notforgotten" /> [[Fritjof Capra]], a member of the Fundamental Fysiks Group,<ref name="hippies" /> wrote ''[[The Tao of Physics|The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism]]'' (1975),<ref>{{cite book |author=Capra, Fritjof |title=The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism |publisher=Shambhala Publications |year=1975 |location=Boston, Massachusetts |language=en-us}}</ref> which espoused New Age quantum physics; the book was popular among the non-scientific public.<ref name="reading" />{{rp|32}} In 1979, [[Gary Zukav]],<ref name="wuli">{{cite book |title=The Dancing Wu Li Masters |url=https://archive.org/details/dancingwulimaste00gary_1 |url-access=registration |author=Zukav, Gary |publisher=William Morrow And Company, Inc. |date=1979 |location=New York}}</ref> a non-scientist and "the most successful of Capra's followers", published ''[[The Dancing Wu Li Masters]].''<ref name="reading" />{{rp|32}} {{cn span |text=The Fundamental Fysiks Group and Capra's book are said to be major influences for the rise of quantum mysticism as a pseudoscientific interpretation of quantum mechanics.|date=June 2023}}
+Inspired in part by Wigner's exploration of the [[von Neumann–Wigner interpretation]],<ref name="notforgotten" /> [[Fritjof Capra]], a member of the Fundamental Fysiks Group,<ref name="hippies" /> wrote ''[[The Tao of Physics|The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism]]'' (1975),<ref>{{cite book |author=Capra, Fritjof |title=The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism |publisher=Shambhala Publications |year=1975 |location=Boston, Massachusetts |language=en-us}}</ref> which espoused New Age quantum physics; the book was popular among the non-scientific public.<ref name="reading" />{{rp|32}} In 1979, [[Gary Zukav]],<ref name="wuli">{{cite book |title=The Dancing Wu Li Masters |url=https://archive.org/details/dancingwulimaste00gary_1 |url-access=registration |author=Zukav, Gary |publisher=William Morrow And Company, Inc. |date=1979 |location=New York}}</ref> a non-scientist and "the most successful of Capra's followers", published ''[[The Dancing Wu Li Masters]].''<ref name="reading" />{{rp|32}} The Fundamental Fysiks Group and Capra's book are said to be major influences for the rise of quantum mysticism as a pseudoscientific interpretation of quantum mechanics.<ref name="hippies"/>
 == Modern usage and examples ==
-In contrast to the mysticism of the early 20th century, today quantum mysticism typically refers to its New Age incarnation that claims to combine ancient mysticism with quantum mechanics.<ref name=stenger1997/> Called a [[pseudoscience]] and a "hijacking" of quantum physics, it draws upon "coincidental similarities of language rather than genuine connections" to quantum mechanics.<ref name=Collins2010/> Physicist [[Murray Gell-Mann]] coined the phrase "quantum flapdoodle" to refer to the misuse and misapplication of quantum physics to other topics.<ref name=gods>{{cite book |title=Quantum Gods: Creation, Chaos and the Search for Cosmic Consciousness |author=Stenger, Victor J. |publisher=Prometheus Books |date=2009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1UwaiVz7ZlwC&pg=PA8 |page=8 |isbn=9781615920587 |access-date=2015-03-21 |archive-date=2023-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704200011/https://books.google.com/books?id=1UwaiVz7ZlwC&pg=PA8 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+In contrast to the mysticism of the early 20th century, today quantum mysticism typically refers to [[New Age]] beliefs that combine ancient mysticism with the language of quantum mechanics.<ref name=stenger1997/> Called a [[pseudoscience]] and a "hijacking" of quantum physics, it draws upon "coincidental similarities of language rather than genuine connections" to quantum mechanics.<ref name=Collins2010/> Physicist [[Murray Gell-Mann]] coined the phrase "quantum flapdoodle" to refer to the misuse and misapplication of quantum physics to other topics.<ref name=gods>{{cite book |title=Quantum Gods: Creation, Chaos and the Search for Cosmic Consciousness |author=Stenger, Victor J. |publisher=Prometheus Books |date=2009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1UwaiVz7ZlwC&pg=PA8 |page=8 |isbn=9781615920587 |access-date=2015-03-21 |archive-date=2023-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704200011/https://books.google.com/books?id=1UwaiVz7ZlwC&pg=PA8 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 An example of such use is New Age guru [[Deepak Chopra]]'s "quantum theory" that aging is caused by the mind, expounded in his books ''Quantum Healing'' (1989) and ''[[Ageless Body, Timeless Mind]]'' (1993).<ref name=gods/> In 1998, Chopra was awarded the parody [[Ig Nobel Prize]] in the physics category for "his unique interpretation of quantum physics as it applies to life, liberty, and the pursuit of economic happiness".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://improbable.com/ig/ig-pastwinners.html#ig1998 |title=The 1998 Ig Nobel Prize Winners |access-date=2007-06-21 |archive-date=2009-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830181439/http://improbable.com/ig/ig-pastwinners.html#ig1998 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2012, [[Stuart Hameroff]] and Chopra proposed that the "quantum soul" could exist "apart from the body" and "in space-time geometry, outside the brain, distributed nonlocally".<ref name="Hameroff2012">{{cite book
@@ Line 51: / Line 50: @@
 }}</ref>
-The 2004 film ''[[What the Bleep Do We Know!?]]'' dealt with a range of New Age ideas in relation to physics. It was produced by the [[Ramtha School of Enlightenment]], founded by [[J.Z. Knight]], a [[channeler]] who said that her teachings were based on a discourse with a 35,000-year-old disembodied entity named [[Ramtha]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.salon.com/2004/09/16/bleep_2/ |title="Bleep" of faith |author=Gorenfeld, John |date=16 September 2004 |journal=Salon |access-date=22 March 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402153109/http://www.salon.com/2004/09/16/bleep_2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> {{cn span |text=Featuring Fundamental Fysiks Group member [[Fred Alan Wolf]],|date=May 2023}} the film misused some aspects of quantum mechanics—including the [[Heisenberg uncertainty principle]] and the [[Observer effect (physics)|observer effect]]—as well as biology and medicine.<ref name="ABC">{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2005/06/30/2839498.htm |title=What the bleep are they on about? |first=Bernie |last=Hobbs |work=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=30 June 2005 |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=3 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303194419/http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2005/06/30/2839498.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Numerous critics dismissed the film for its use of [[pseudoscience]].<ref name="ACS">{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Elizabeth |author-link=Elizabeth Wilson |title=What the Bleep Do We Know?! |publisher=[[American Chemical Society]] |date=2005-01-13 |url=http://pubs.acs.org/cen/reelscience/reviews/whatthe_bleep/ |access-date=2007-12-19 |archive-date=2007-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221220110/http://pubs.acs.org/cen/reelscience/reviews/whatthe_bleep/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TGU">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2005/may/16/g2.science |title=Britain's best scientific brains give us their verdicts on a film about quantum physics |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 May 2005 |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=22 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822093430/http://www.theguardian.com/science/2005/may/16/g2.science |url-status=live }}</ref>
+The 2004 film ''[[What the Bleep Do We Know!?]]'' dealt with a range of New Age ideas in relation to physics. It was produced by the [[Ramtha School of Enlightenment]], founded by [[J.Z. Knight]], a [[channeler]] who said that her teachings were based on a discourse with a 35,000-year-old disembodied entity named [[Ramtha]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.salon.com/2004/09/16/bleep_2/ |title="Bleep" of faith |author=Gorenfeld, John |date=16 September 2004 |journal=Salon |access-date=22 March 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402153109/http://www.salon.com/2004/09/16/bleep_2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Featuring Fundamental Fysiks Group member [[Fred Alan Wolf]],<ref name="hippies"/> the film misused some aspects of quantum mechanics—including the [[Heisenberg uncertainty principle]] and the [[Observer effect (physics)|observer effect]]—as well as biology and medicine.<ref name="ABC">{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2005/06/30/2839498.htm |title=What the bleep are they on about? |first=Bernie |last=Hobbs |work=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=30 June 2005 |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=3 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303194419/http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2005/06/30/2839498.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Numerous critics dismissed the film for its use of [[pseudoscience]].<ref name="ACS">{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Elizabeth |author-link=Elizabeth Wilson |title=What the Bleep Do We Know?! |publisher=[[American Chemical Society]] |date=2005-01-13 |url=http://pubs.acs.org/cen/reelscience/reviews/whatthe_bleep/ |access-date=2007-12-19 |archive-date=2007-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221220110/http://pubs.acs.org/cen/reelscience/reviews/whatthe_bleep/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TGU">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2005/may/16/g2.science |title=Britain's best scientific brains give us their verdicts on a film about quantum physics |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 May 2005 |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=22 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822093430/http://www.theguardian.com/science/2005/may/16/g2.science |url-status=live }}</ref>
-{{quote|I love that in quantum physics for some reason it's become an excuse to mock all of science. See it's nothing real, nothing true and whatever you think, that's how the world is. So if you think positively you remake the world positively according to this pseudo scientist explanation.|[[Barbara Ehrenreich]]|[[Royal Society of Arts]]<ref>[[Ehrenreich, Barbara]] (2010). [https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/pdfs/blogs/rsa-lecture-barabara-ehrenreich-transcript.pdf "Smile or Die"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309010852/https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/pdfs/blogs/rsa-lecture-barabara-ehrenreich-transcript.pdf |date=2021-03-09 }}. [[Royal Society of Arts]]. Retrieved April 20, 2018.</ref>}}
 == See also ==
 {{Div col}}
 * [[Buddhism and science]]
-* [[Fundamental Fysiks Group]]
-* [[Interpretations of quantum mechanics]]
-* [[Metaphysics]]
-* [[Parapsychology]]
 * [[Psi (parapsychology)]]
-* [[Quantum suicide and immortality|Quantum immortality]]
 * [[Quantum pseudo-telepathy]]
+* [[Quantum suicide and immortality]]
 * [[Schrödinger's cat in popular culture]]
 * [[Synchronicity]]
-*People:
-** [[Subhash Kak|Kak, Subhash]]
-** [[Stuart Wilde|Wilde, Stuart]]
-** [[Arthur Zajonc|Zajonc, Arthur]]
 {{Div col end}}
 ==Notes==
-{{Reflist|30em|refs=
+{{reflist|1=30em|refs=
+<ref name="stenger1997">{{cite magazine |first=Victor J. |last=Stenger |url=http://www.csicop.org/si/show/quantum_quackery/ |magazine=Skeptical Inquirer |volume=21 |issue=1 |date=January 1997 |title=Quantum Quackery}}</ref>
-<ref name=shermer2005>{{cite magazine |first=Michael |last=Shermer |url=http://www.michaelshermer.com/2005/01/quantum-quackery |magazine=Scientific American |date=January 2005 |title=Quantum Quackery}}</ref>
-<ref name=stenger1997>{{cite magazine |first=Victor J. |last=Stenger |url=http://www.csicop.org/si/show/quantum_quackery/ |magazine=Skeptical Inquirer |volume=21 |issue=1 |date=January 1997 |title=Quantum Quackery}}</ref>
 }} <!-- end reflist -->
 ==Further reading==
 ;Publications relating to quantum mysticism
+*{{cite book |last=Chopra |first=Deepak |author-link=Deepak Chopra |title=Quantum Healing: Exploring the Frontiers of Mind/Body Medicine |year=1989 |publisher=Bantam Books |isbn=978-0553053685}}
-*[[Fritjof Capra]], ''[[The Tao of Physics]]: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism'', [[Shambhala Publications]], 1975
+*{{cite book |last=LeShan |first=Lawrence |author-link=Lawrence LeShan |title=The Medium, the Mystic, and the Physicist: Toward a General Theory of the Paranormal |year=1974 |publisher=Viking Press |isbn=978-0670465668}}
-*[[Deepak Chopra]], ''Quantum Healing: Exploring the Frontiers of Mind/Body Medicine'', {{ISBN|0-553-34869-8}}
+*{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Talbot |author-link=Michael Talbot (author) |year=1981 |title=Mysticism And The New Physics |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |isbn=978-0710008312}}
-* Patrick Grim, ''Philosophy of science and the occult'', {{ISBN|978-0-7914-0204-7}}
+*{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Talbot |year=1986 |title=Beyond The Quantum |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0026162104}}
-* {{cite book
+*{{cite book |last=Talbot |first=Michael |year=1991 |title=The Holographic Universe |publisher=Grafton |isbn=978-0246136909}}
- | last1 = Hameroff
+*{{cite book |last=Toben |first=Bob |year=1975 |title=Space-Time and Beyond |others=In conversation with physicists [[Jack Sarfatti]] and [[Fred Alan Wolf]] |publisher=E. P. Dutton |isbn=0-525-47399-8}}
- | first1 = Stuart R.
+*{{cite book |last=Walker |first=Evan Harris |author-link=Evan Harris Walker |year=2000 |title=The Physics of Consciousness: The Quantum Mind and the Meaning of Life |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0-7382-0436-6}}
- | author-link1 = Stuart Hameroff
+*{{cite book |editor-last=Wilber |editor-first=Ken |editor-link=Ken Wilber |title=Quantum Questions: Mystical Writings of the World's Great Physicists |year=1984 |publisher=Shambhala |isbn=978-0394723389}}
- | last2 = Chopra
- | first2 = Deepak
- | author-link2 = Deepak Chopra
- | chapter = The "quantum soul": a scientific hypothesis
- | year = 2012
- | editor-last1 = Moreira-Almeida
- | editor-first1 = Alexander
- | editor-last2 = Santos
- | editor-first2 = Franklin Santana
- | title = Exploring Frontiers of the Mind-Brain Relationship
- | publisher = Springer
- | location = New York
- | pages = 79–93
- | doi = 10.1007/978-1-4614-0647-1_5
- | isbn = 978-1-4614-0647-1
-}}
-*[[Lawrence LeShan]], ''The Medium, the Mystic, and the Physicist: Toward a General Theory of the Paranormal'', 2003, Helios Press, {{ISBN|978-1-58115-273-9}}
-*[[Jack Sarfatti]], 1975, ''Space-Time and Beyond'', with [[Fred Alan Wolf]] and [[Bob Toben]], E. P. Dutton. {{ISBN|0-525-47399-8}}
-*[[Michael Talbot (author)|Michael Talbot]], ''The Holographic Universe'', {{ISBN|0-06-092258-3}}
-*Michael Talbot, ''Mysticism And The New Physics'', {{ISBN|0-14-019328-6}}
-*Michael Talbot, ''Beyond The Quantum'', {{ISBN|0-553-34480-3}}
-*[[Evan Harris Walker]], ''The Physics of Consciousness: The Quantum Mind and the Meaning of Life'', {{ISBN|0-7382-0436-6}}
-*[[Ken Wilber]], ''Quantum Questions: Mystical Writings of the World's Great Physicists'' (editor), 1984, rev. ed. 2001: {{ISBN|1-57062-768-1}}
-*[[Gary Zukav]], ''[[The Dancing Wu Li Masters]]'', 1980, {{ISBN|0-553-26382-X}}-
 ;Criticism of quantum mysticism
-* {{cite book | author=Richard H. Jones |  title=Piercing the veil : comparing science and mysticism as ways of knowing reality | publisher=Jackson Square Books | publication-place=New York | year=2010 | isbn=978-1-4392-6682-3 | oclc=651026196 | page=}} – criticism from both scientific and mystical point of view
+* {{cite book |first=Richard H. |last=Jones |title=Piercing the veil: comparing science and mysticism as ways of knowing reality |publisher=Jackson Square Books |publication-place=New York |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4392-6682-3 |oclc=651026196}} – criticism from both scientific and mystical point of view
-* {{cite journal | author=Eric R. Scerri| title=Eastern mysticism and the alleged parallels with physics | journal=American Journal of Physics | publisher=American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT) | volume=57 | issue=8 | year=1989 | issn=0002-9505 | doi=10.1119/1.15921 | pages=687–692| bibcode=1989AmJPh..57..687S | s2cid=121572969 }}
+* {{cite journal |first=Eric R. |last=Scerri |title=Eastern mysticism and the alleged parallels with physics |journal=American Journal of Physics |publisher=American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT) |volume=57 |issue=8 |year=1989 |issn=0002-9505 |doi=10.1119/1.15921 |pages=687–692 |bibcode=1989AmJPh..57..687S |s2cid=121572969}}
+* {{cite book |last=Stenger |first=Victor J. |author-link=Victor J. Stenger |title=The unconscious quantum: metaphysics in modern physics and cosmology |publisher=Prometheus Books |publication-place=Amherst, NY |year=1995 |isbn=978-1-57392-022-3 |oclc=32820493}} – an anti-mystical point-of-view
-* [[Michael Shermer]], [http://www.michaelshermer.com/2005/01/quantum-quackery "Quantum Quackery"], ''[[Scientific American]]'', January 2005 [https://web.archive.org/web/20071116071845/http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa006&colID=13&articleID=0006F4CB-F090-11BE-AD0683414B7F0000]
-* {{cite book | author=Victor J. Stenger | title=The unconscious quantum : metaphysics in modern physics and cosmology | publisher=Prometheus Books | publication-place=Amherst, N.Y | year=1995 | isbn=978-1-57392-022-3 | oclc=32820493 | page=}} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062437/http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/Unconscious.html |date=12 August 2014}} – an anti-mystical point-of-view
-* [[Victor J. Stenger]], ''[http://www.csicop.org/si/show/quantum_quackery/ "Quantum quackery]"'', ''[[Skeptical Inquirer]]'', Vol. 21. No. 1, January/February 1997, pp.&nbsp;37ff, criticism of the book ''The Self-Aware Universe'' by {{Interlanguage link multi|Amit Goswami|pt}}
 ==External links==
 *{{Commonscat-inline}}
+{{New Age Movement}}
 {{Pseudoscience}}
 {{Quantum mechanics topics}}
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 [[Category:Quantum mysticism| ]]
 [[Category:Mysticism]]
-[[Category:New Age]]
+[[Category:New Age and science]]
 [[Category:Pseudoscience]]

v t e New Age movement
Culture	New Age communities New-age music Biomusic Neoclassical Progressive electronic Space music New Age travellers
Groups	Association for Research and Enlightenment Esalen Institute The Family Findhorn Foundation New World Alliance
Influences	Edgar Cayce Hippie subculture Human Potential Movement Huna Integral theory Occultism Seth Material Spiritualism Spirituality Thelema Theosophy Transpersonal psychology UFO religion Western esotericism
Proponents	José Argüelles Richard Bach James Brennan Rhonda Byrne Eileen Caddy Lee Carroll Carlos Castaneda Deepak Chopra Paulo Coelho Benjamin Creme Marilyn Ferguson Marc Gafni Gandalf Shakti Gawain Linda Goodman Alex Grey Michael Harner Andrew Harvey David Icke Max Freedom Long Shirley MacLaine Maharishi Mahesh Yogi Claudio Naranjo Ram Dass James Redfield Jane Roberts Mark Satin David Spangler Eckhart Tolle Neale Donald Walsch Ken Wilber Stuart Wilde Marianne Williamson
Themes	2012 phenomenon Age of Aquarius Alternative medicine Animism Aura Bicameral mentality Breathwork Creative visualization Crystal healing Earth Changes Earth mysteries Energy Feng shui Gaianism Higher consciousness Indigo children Law of attraction Meditation TM Michael Teachings Neopaganism Neoshamanism Neotantra Quantum mysticism Religious pluralism Psychological astrology Sun sign astrology Yoga as exercise

v t e Quantum mechanics
Background	Einführung History Timeline Classical mechanics Old quantum theory Glossary
Fundamentals	Born rule Bra–ket notation Complementarity Density matrix Energy level Ground state Excited state Degenerate levels Zero-point energy Entanglement Hamiltonian Interference Decoherence Measurement Nonlocality Quantum state Superposition Tunnelling Scattering theory Symmetry in quantum mechanics Uncertainty Wave function Collapse Wave–particle duality
Formulations	Formulations Heisenberg Interaction Matrix mechanics Schrödinger Path integral formulation Phase space
Equations	Dirac Klein–Gordon Pauli Rydberg Schrödinger
Interpretations	Bayesian Consistent histories Copenhagen de Broglie–Bohm Ensemble Hidden-variable Local Superdeterminism Many-worlds Objective collapse Quantum logic Relational Transactional Von Neumann–Wigner
Experiments	Bell test Davisson–Germer Delayed-choice quantum eraser Double-slit Franck–Hertz Mach–Zehnder interferometer Elitzur–Vaidman Popper Quantum eraser Stern–Gerlach Wheeler's delayed choice
Science	Quantum biology Quantum chemistry Quantum chaos Quantum cosmology Quantum differential calculus Quantum dynamics Quantum geometry Quantum measurement problem Quantum mind Quantum stochastic calculus Quantum spacetime
Technologie	Quantum algorithms Quantum amplifier Quantum bus Quantum cellular automata Quantum finite automata Quantum channel Quantum circuit Quantum complexity theory Quantum computing Timeline Quantum cryptography Quantum electronics Quantum error correction Quantum imaging Quantum image processing Quantum information Quantum key distribution Quantum logic Quantum logic gates Quantum machine Quantum machine learning Quantum metamaterial Quantum metrology Quantum network Quantum neural network Quantum optics Quantum programming Quantum sensing Quantum simulator Quantum teleportation
Extensions	Quantum fluctuation Casimir effect Quantum statistical mechanics Quantum field theory History Quantum gravity Relativistic quantum mechanics
Related	Schrödinger's cat in popular culture Wigner's friend EPR paradox Quantum mysticism
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