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{{Short description|Languages spoken in northwest North America}}
{{Cleanup-rewrite|date=March 2011}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=March 2011}}
{{Unreferenced|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox language family
{{Infobox language family
|name=Northern Athabascan
| name = Northern Athabaskan
|altname=
| altname =
|ethnicity=[[Dene]]
| ethnicity = [[Dene]]
|region=[[Alaska]], [[Yukon]]
| region = [[Alaska]], [[Yukon]]
|familycolor=Dené-Yeniseian
| familycolor = Dené-Yeniseian
|fam2=[[Na-Dené]]
| fam2 = [[Na-Dené]]
|fam3=Athabaskan–Eyak
| fam3 = Athabaskan–Eyak
|fam4=[[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]]
| fam4 = [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]]
| glotto = none
| glottorefname =
| ancestor =
| glottoname =
| notes =
| map = Northern athabaskan.svg
}}
}}
'''Northern Athabaskan''' is a geographic sub-grouping of the [[Athabaskan]] language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the northern part of [[North America]], particularly in [[Alaska]] and the [[Yukon]]. The Northern Athabaskan language group has 31 languages that can be divided into seven geographic subgroups.


'''Northern Athabaskan''' is a geographic sub-grouping of the [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan language family]] spoken by indigenous peoples in the northern part of [[North America]], particularly in [[Alaska]] ([[Alaskan Athabaskans]]), [[Yukon]], and the [[Northwest Territories]]. The Northern Athabaskan languages consist of 31 languages that can be divided into seven geographic subgroups.
==Southern Alaskan==


==Classification==
: 1. '''[[Ahtna language|Ahtna]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Atna, Ahtena, Copper River)
::* Central Copper River Ahtna</small>
::* Lower Copper River Ahtna</small>
::* Mentasta ({{sc|aka}} Upper Ahtna)</small>
::* Western Ahtna</small>
: 2. '''[[Dena'ina language|Dena’ina]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Tanaina)
::* Lower Inlet Dena’ina</small>
::: '''-''' Outer Inlet</small>
::: '''-''' Iliamna</small>
::: '''-''' Inland</small>
::* Upper Inlet Dena’ina </small>


{{tree list}}
==Central Alaska–Yukon==
* '''Northern Athabaskan'''
** '''Southern Alaskan'''
*** '''[[Ahtna language|Ahtna]]''' (also known as Atna, Ahtena, Copper River)
**** Central Copper River Ahtna
**** Lower Copper River Ahtna
**** Mentasta (also known as Upper Ahtna)
**** Western Ahtna
*** '''[[Dena'ina language|Dena’ina]]''' (also known as Tanaina)
**** Lower Inlet Dena’ina
***** Outer Inlet
***** Iliamna
***** Inland
**** Upper Inlet Dena’ina
** '''Central Alaska–Yukon'''
*** Koyukon
**** '''[[Deg Xinag]]''' (also known as Deg Hit'an, Kaiyuhkhotana, Ingalik)
***** Lower Yukon River
***** Middle Kuskokwin
**** '''[[Holikachuk language|Holikachuk]]''' (also known as Innoko, Innoka-khotana, Tlëgon-khotana)
**** '''[[Koyukon language|Koyukon]]''' (also known as Ten’a, Co-Youkon, Co-yukon)
***** Lower Koyukon (also known as Lower Yukon Koyukon)
***** Central Koyukon (also known as Dinaakkanaaga Ts’inh Huyoza, Koyukuk River Koyukon)
***** Upper Koyukon (also known as Upper Yukon Koyukon)
*** Tanana–Tutchone
**** '''[[Upper Kuskokwim language|Upper Kuskokwim]]''' (also known as Kolchan, Goltsan)
***** [[Tanana languages|Tanana]]
****** '''[[Lower Tanana language|Lower Tanana]]''' (also known as Tanana, Minto, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
******* Minto-Tolovana-Toklat-Nenana-Wood River
******** Minto-Tolovana
******** Toklat
******** Nenana
******** Wood River
******* Chena
******* Salcha-Goodpastor
****** '''[[Tanacross language|Tanacross]]''' (also known as Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
****** '''[[Upper Tanana language|Upper Tanana]]''' (also known as Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
******* Nabesna
******* Tetlin
******* Northway
******* Scottie Creek
******* Canadian Upper Tanana
***** '''[[Tutchone language|Tutchone]]''' (also known as Gens de Bois, Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Tutchonekutchin)
****** Southern Tutchone (sometimes considered to be just a dialect)
****** Northern Tutchone (also known as Mayo) (sometimes considered to be just a dialect)
*** Kutchin–Han
**** '''[[Gwich’in language|Gwich’in]]''' (also known as Gwitch’in, Kutchin, Kootchin, Loucheux, Loucheaux, Takudh, Tukudh, "Quarrelers")
***** Alaskan Gwich’in (also known as Western Gwich’in)
***** Canadian Gwich’in (also known as Eastern Gwich’in)
**** '''[[Hän language|Hän]]''' (also known as Han, Moosehide, Dawson, Gens du Fou, Han Gwich-in, Han-Kootchin, Hankutchin)
** '''Northwestern Canada'''
*** Cordillera
**** Central Cordillera (also known as Tahltan-Tagish-Kaska)
***** '''[[Tagish language|Tagish]]''' (also known as Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Si-him-E-na, "Stick Indians", Tagisch, Tahgish, Tahkeesh, Tahk-heesh)
***** '''[[Tahltan language|Tahltan]]''' (also known as Nahanni, Keyehotine, Nahane, Nahani, Tahl-tan, Tatltan, Ticaxhanoten, Toltan)
***** '''[[Kaska language|Kaska]]''' (also known as Nahanni, Nahane, Nahani, Cassiar)
**** Southeastern Cordillera
***** '''[[Sekani language|Sekani]]'''
***** '''[[Danezaa language|Danezaa]]''' (also known as Beaver, Tsattine, Dunne-za, Deneza, Gens de Castor)
*** Mackenzie
**** '''[[Slavey language|Slavey–Hare]]''' (v Slave)
***** Slavey (also known as Slavey proper, South Slavey, Southern Slavey, Dene Tha, Esclave, Nahane, Nahani, Slave)
***** Mountain (also known as Montagnards, Nahane, Nahani, Sih gotine, Sihta gotine)
***** Bearlake (also known as Satudine, Sahtu gotine, Bear Lake)
***** Hare (also known as Kawchottine, Ka so gotine, Kancho, Kawchodinneh, Rabbitskins, Ta-na-tin-ne)
**** '''[[Dogrib language|Dogrib]]''' (also known as Tli Cho, Tłįchǫ or Thlingchadine)
*** Chipewyan
**** '''[[Dene Suline language|Dene Suline]]''' (also known as Chipewyan, Dëne Sųłiné, Dene, Yellowknife, Montagnais, "Northern Indians", Copper Indians, Coppermine Indians, Mithcocoman, Red Knife, T’atsan ottine, Tatsotine, Yellow Knife)
** '''[[Tsetsaut language|Tsetsaut]]''' (also known as Ts’ets’aut, Nahane, Nahani, Portland Canal, Wetalth)
** '''Central British Columbia'''
*** '''[[Babine-Witsuwit'en]]''' (also known as North Carrier, Babine Carrier, Northern Carrier, Bulkley Valley, Lakes District, Western Carrier)
**** Babine (also known as Nadot’en, Nedut’en, Nat’oot’en)
**** Takla
**** [[Witsuwit'en|Witsuwit’en]] (also known as Wetsuwet’en, Wets’uwet’en, Wet’suwet’en)
**** Moricetown
**** Francois Lake
*** '''[[Carrier language|Dakelh]]''' (also known as Carrier, Dakelhne, Takelne, Takulli, Taculli, Takulie, Porteur, Nagailer)
**** Central Carrier (also known as Upper Carrier)
**** Southern Carrier (also known as Lower Carrier)
*** '''[[Chilcotin language|Chilcotin]]''' (also known as Tsilhqot’in, Tinneh, Chilkhodins, Tsilkotin)
*** '''[[Nicola language|Nicola]]''' (also known as [[Stuwix]], Nicola-Similkameen) ({{extinct}})
** '''[[Tsuut’ina language|Sarsi]]''' (also known as Sarcee, Tsuu T’ina, or Tsuut’ina)
** '''Kwalhioqua–Tlatskanai'''
*** '''[[Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie language|Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie]]''' (also known as Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanie)
**** Willapa (also known as Willoopah)
**** Suwal-Clatskanie
***** Suwal
***** Clatskanie (also known as Tlatskanie)
{{tree list/end}}


==References==
A. Koyukon
{{reflist}}
: 3. '''[[Deg Xinag]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Deg Hit'an, Kaiyuhkhotana, Ingalik)
::* Lower Yukon River</small>
::* Middle Kuskokwin</small>
: 4. '''[[Holikachuk language|Holikachuk]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Innoko, Innoka-khotana, Tlëgon-khotana)
: 5. '''[[Koyukon language|Koyukon]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Ten’a, Co-Youkon, Co-yukon)
::* Lower Koyukon ({{sc|aka}} Lower Yukon Koyukon)</small>
::* Central Koyukon ({{sc|aka}} Dinaakkanaaga Ts’inh Huyoza, Koyukuk River Koyukon)</small>
::* Upper Koyukon ({{sc|aka}} Upper Yukon Koyukon)</small>

B. Tanana–Tutchone
: 6. '''[[Upper Kuskokwim language|Upper Kuskokwim]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Kolchan, Goltsan)
: I. [[Tanana languages|Tanana]]
:: 7. '''[[Lower Tanana language|Lower Tanana]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Tanana, Minto, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
:::* Minto-Tolovana-Toklat-Nenana-Wood River</small>
:::: '''-''' Minto-Tolovana</small>
:::: '''-''' Toklat</small>
:::: '''-''' Nenana</small>
:::: '''-''' Wood River</small>
:::* Chena</small>
:::* Salcha-Goodpastor</small>
:: 8. '''[[Tanacross language|Tanacross]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
:: 9. '''[[Upper Tanana language|Upper Tanana]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
:::* Nabesna</small>
:::* Tetlin</small>
:::* Northway</small>
:::* Scottie Creek</small>
:::* Canadian Upper Tanana</small>
: II. '''[[Tutchone language|Tutchone]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Gens de Bois, Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Tutchonekutchin)
:: * '''Southern Tutchone'''
:: * '''Northern Tutchone''' ({{sc|aka}} Mayo)

C. Kutchin–Han
: 12. '''[[Gwich’in language|Gwich’in]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Gwitch’in, Kutchin, Kootchin, Loucheux, Loucheaux, Takudh, Tukudh, “Quarrelers”)
::* Alaskan Gwich’in ({{sc|aka}} Western Gwich’in)</small>
::* Canadian Gwich’in ({{sc|aka}} Eastern Gwich’in)</small>
: 13. '''[[Hän language|Hän]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Han, Moosehide, Dawson, Gens du Fou, Han Gwich-in, Han-Kootchin, Hankutchin)

==Northwestern Canada==

A. Cordillera
: I. Central Cordillera ({{sc|aka}} Tahltan-Tagish-Kaska)
:: 14. '''[[Tagish language|Tagish]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Si-him-E-na, “Stick Indians”, Tagisch, Tahgish, Tahkeesh, Tahk-heesh)
:: 15. '''[[Tahltan language|Tahltan]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Nahanni, Keyehotine, Nahane, Nahani, Tahl-tan, Tatltan, Ticaxhanoten, Toltan)
:: 16. '''[[Kaska language|Kaska]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Nahanni, Nahane, Nahani, Cassiar)
: II. Southeastern Cordillera
:: 17. '''[[Sekani language|Sekani]]'''
:: 18. '''[[Danezaa language|Danezaa]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Beaver, Tsattine, Dunne-za, Deneza, Gens de Castor)

B. Mackenzie
: I. '''[[Slavey language|Slavey–Hare]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Slave)
:: 19. Slavey ({{sc|aka}} Slavey proper, South Slavey, Southern Slavey, Dene Tha, Esclave, Nahane, Nahani, Slave)
:: 20. Mountain ({{sc|aka}} Montagnards, Nahane, Nahani, Sih gotine, Sihta gotine)
:: 21. Bearlake ({{sc|aka}} Satudine, Sahtu gotine, Bear Lake)
:: 22. Hare ({{sc|aka}} Kawchottine, Ka so gotine, Kancho, Kawchodinneh, Rabbitskins, Ta-na-tin-ne)
: 23. '''[[Dogrib language|Dogrib]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Tli Cho, Tłįchǫ or Thlingchadine)

C. Chipewyan
: 24. '''[[Dene Suline language|Dene Suline]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Chipewyan, Dëne Sųłiné, Dene, Yellowknife, Montagnais, "Northern Indians", Copper Indians, Coppermine Indians, Mithcocoman, Red Knife, T’atsan ottine, Tatsotine, Yellow Knife)

==Tsetsaut==

: 25. '''[[Tsetsaut]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Ts’ets’aut, Nahane, Nahani, Portland Canal, Wetalth)

==Central British Columbia==

: 26. '''[[Babine-Witsuwit'en]]''' ({{sc|aka}} North Carrier, Babine Carrier, Northern Carrier, Bulkley Valley, Lakes District, Western Carrier)
::* <small>Babine ({{sc|aka}} Nadot’en, Nedut’en, Nat’oot’en)</small>
::* <small>Takla</small>
::* <small>[[Witsuwit'en|Witsuwit’en]] ({{sc|aka}} Wetsuwet’en, Wets’uwet’en, Wet’suwet’en)</small>
::* <small>Moricetown</small>
::* <small>Francois Lake</small>
: 27. '''[[Carrier language|Dakelh]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Carrier, Dakelhne, Takelne, Takulli, Taculli, Takulie, Porteur, Nagailer)
::* <small>Central Carrier ({{sc|aka}} Upper Carrier)</small>
::* <small>Southern Carrier ({{sc|aka}} Lower Carrier)</small>
: 28. '''[[Chilcotin language|Chilcotin]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Tsilhqot’in, Tinneh, Chilkhodins, Tsilkotin)
: 29. '''[[Nicola language|Nicola]]''' ({{sc|aka}} [[Stuwix]], Nicola-Similkameen) (extinct)

==Sarsi==

: 30. '''[[Tsuut’ina language|Sarsi]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Sarcee, Tsuu T’ina, or Tsuut’ina)

==Kwalhioqua–Tlatskanai==

: 31. '''[[Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie language|Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie]]''' ({{sc|aka}} Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanie)
::* <small>Willapa ({{sc|aka}} Willoopah)</small>
::* <small>Suwal-Clatskanie</small>
::: '''-''' <small>Suwal</small>
::: '''-''' <small>Clatskanie ({{sc|aka}} Tlatskanie)</small>


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
Line 122: Line 120:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.arcticathabaskancouncil.com/maps/dialectmap.php Map of Northern Athabaskan dialects]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070422170546/http://www.arcticathabaskancouncil.com/maps/dialectmap.php Map of Northern Athabaskan dialects]

{{Athabaskan languages}}


[[Category:Northern Athabaskan languages]]
[[Category:Northern Athabaskan languages| ]]
[[Category:Indigenous languages of Alaska]]
[[Category:Indigenous languages of Alaska]]

Revision as of 08:19, 13 June 2024

Northern Athabaskan
EthnicityDene
Geographic
distribution
Alaska, Yukon
Linguistic classificationDené–Yeniseian?
GlottologNone

Northern Athabaskan is a geographic sub-grouping of the Athabaskan language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the northern part of North America, particularly in Alaska (Alaskan Athabaskans), Yukon, and the Northwest Territories. The Northern Athabaskan languages consist of 31 languages that can be divided into seven geographic subgroups.

Classification

  • Northern Athabaskan
    • Southern Alaskan
      • Ahtna (also known as Atna, Ahtena, Copper River)
        • Central Copper River Ahtna
        • Lower Copper River Ahtna
        • Mentasta (also known as Upper Ahtna)
        • Western Ahtna
      • Dena’ina (also known as Tanaina)
        • Lower Inlet Dena’ina
          • Outer Inlet
          • Iliamna
          • Inland
        • Upper Inlet Dena’ina
    • Central Alaska–Yukon
      • Koyukon
        • Deg Xinag (also known as Deg Hit'an, Kaiyuhkhotana, Ingalik)
          • Lower Yukon River
          • Middle Kuskokwin
        • Holikachuk (also known as Innoko, Innoka-khotana, Tlëgon-khotana)
        • Koyukon (also known as Ten’a, Co-Youkon, Co-yukon)
          • Lower Koyukon (also known as Lower Yukon Koyukon)
          • Central Koyukon (also known as Dinaakkanaaga Ts’inh Huyoza, Koyukuk River Koyukon)
          • Upper Koyukon (also known as Upper Yukon Koyukon)
      • Tanana–Tutchone
        • Upper Kuskokwim (also known as Kolchan, Goltsan)
          • Tanana
            • Lower Tanana (also known as Tanana, Minto, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
              • Minto-Tolovana-Toklat-Nenana-Wood River
                • Minto-Tolovana
                • Toklat
                • Nenana
                • Wood River
              • Chena
              • Salcha-Goodpastor
            • Tanacross (also known as Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
            • Upper Tanana (also known as Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
              • Nabesna
              • Tetlin
              • Northway
              • Scottie Creek
              • Canadian Upper Tanana
          • Tutchone (also known as Gens de Bois, Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Tutchonekutchin)
            • Southern Tutchone (sometimes considered to be just a dialect)
            • Northern Tutchone (also known as Mayo) (sometimes considered to be just a dialect)
      • Kutchin–Han
        • Gwich’in (also known as Gwitch’in, Kutchin, Kootchin, Loucheux, Loucheaux, Takudh, Tukudh, "Quarrelers")
          • Alaskan Gwich’in (also known as Western Gwich’in)
          • Canadian Gwich’in (also known as Eastern Gwich’in)
        • Hän (also known as Han, Moosehide, Dawson, Gens du Fou, Han Gwich-in, Han-Kootchin, Hankutchin)
    • Northwestern Canada
      • Cordillera
        • Central Cordillera (also known as Tahltan-Tagish-Kaska)
          • Tagish (also known as Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Si-him-E-na, "Stick Indians", Tagisch, Tahgish, Tahkeesh, Tahk-heesh)
          • Tahltan (also known as Nahanni, Keyehotine, Nahane, Nahani, Tahl-tan, Tatltan, Ticaxhanoten, Toltan)
          • Kaska (also known as Nahanni, Nahane, Nahani, Cassiar)
        • Southeastern Cordillera
          • Sekani
          • Danezaa (also known as Beaver, Tsattine, Dunne-za, Deneza, Gens de Castor)
      • Mackenzie
        • Slavey–Hare (v Slave)
          • Slavey (also known as Slavey proper, South Slavey, Southern Slavey, Dene Tha, Esclave, Nahane, Nahani, Slave)
          • Mountain (also known as Montagnards, Nahane, Nahani, Sih gotine, Sihta gotine)
          • Bearlake (also known as Satudine, Sahtu gotine, Bear Lake)
          • Hare (also known as Kawchottine, Ka so gotine, Kancho, Kawchodinneh, Rabbitskins, Ta-na-tin-ne)
        • Dogrib (also known as Tli Cho, Tłįchǫ or Thlingchadine)
      • Chipewyan
        • Dene Suline (also known as Chipewyan, Dëne Sųłiné, Dene, Yellowknife, Montagnais, "Northern Indians", Copper Indians, Coppermine Indians, Mithcocoman, Red Knife, T’atsan ottine, Tatsotine, Yellow Knife)
    • Tsetsaut (also known as Ts’ets’aut, Nahane, Nahani, Portland Canal, Wetalth)
    • Central British Columbia
      • Babine-Witsuwit'en (also known as North Carrier, Babine Carrier, Northern Carrier, Bulkley Valley, Lakes District, Western Carrier)
        • Babine (also known as Nadot’en, Nedut’en, Nat’oot’en)
        • Takla
        • Witsuwit’en (also known as Wetsuwet’en, Wets’uwet’en, Wet’suwet’en)
        • Moricetown
        • Francois Lake
      • Dakelh (also known as Carrier, Dakelhne, Takelne, Takulli, Taculli, Takulie, Porteur, Nagailer)
        • Central Carrier (also known as Upper Carrier)
        • Southern Carrier (also known as Lower Carrier)
      • Chilcotin (also known as Tsilhqot’in, Tinneh, Chilkhodins, Tsilkotin)
      • Nicola (also known as Stuwix, Nicola-Similkameen) ()
    • Sarsi (also known as Sarcee, Tsuu T’ina, or Tsuut’ina)
    • Kwalhioqua–Tlatskanai
      • Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie (also known as Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanie)
        • Willapa (also known as Willoopah)
        • Suwal-Clatskanie
          • Suwal
          • Clatskanie (also known as Tlatskanie)

References

Bibliography