Jump to content

Northern Athabaskan languages: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
svg map
Added an "Unreferenced" cleanup template and performed minor cleanup.
(10 intermediate revisions by 10 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Languages spoken in northwest North America}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=March 2011}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=March 2011}}
{{Unreferenced|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox language family
{{Infobox language family
| name = Northern Athabaskan
| name = Northern Athabaskan
Line 9: Line 11:
| fam3 = Athabaskan–Eyak
| fam3 = Athabaskan–Eyak
| fam4 = [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]]
| fam4 = [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan]]
| glotto = nort2940
| glotto = none
| glottorefname = Northern Athabaskan
| glottorefname =
| ancestor =
| ancestor =
| glottoname =
| glottoname =
Line 16: Line 18:
| map = Northern athabaskan.svg
| map = Northern athabaskan.svg
}}
}}
'''Northern Athabaskan''' is a geographic sub-grouping of the [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan language family]] spoken by indigenous peoples in the northern part of [[North America]], particularly in [[Alaska]] ([[Alaskan Athabaskans]]), the [[Yukon]] and the [[Northwest Territories]]. The Northern Athabaskan languages consist of 31 languages that can be divided into seven geographic subgroups.


'''Northern Athabaskan''' is a geographic sub-grouping of the [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan language family]] spoken by indigenous peoples in the northern part of [[North America]], particularly in [[Alaska]] ([[Alaskan Athabaskans]]), [[Yukon]], and the [[Northwest Territories]]. The Northern Athabaskan languages consist of 31 languages that can be divided into seven geographic subgroups.
==Southern Alaskan==


==Classification==
: 1. '''[[Ahtna language|Ahtna]]''' (also known as Atna, Ahtena, Copper River)
::* Central Copper River Ahtna</small>
::* Lower Copper River Ahtna</small>
::* Mentasta (also known as Upper Ahtna)</small>
::* Western Ahtna</small>
: 2. '''[[Dena'ina language|Dena’ina]]''' (also known as Tanaina)
::* Lower Inlet Dena’ina</small>
::: '''-''' Outer Inlet</small>
::: '''-''' Iliamna</small>
::: '''-''' Inland</small>
::* Upper Inlet Dena’ina </small>


{{tree list}}
==Central Alaska–Yukon==
* '''Northern Athabaskan'''

** '''Southern Alaskan'''
A. Koyukon
: 3. '''[[Deg Xinag]]''' (also known as Deg Hit'an, Kaiyuhkhotana, Ingalik)
*** '''[[Ahtna language|Ahtna]]''' (also known as Atna, Ahtena, Copper River)
::* Lower Yukon River</small>
**** Central Copper River Ahtna
**** Lower Copper River Ahtna
::* Middle Kuskokwin</small>
**** Mentasta (also known as Upper Ahtna)
: 4. '''[[Holikachuk language|Holikachuk]]''' (also known as Innoko, Innoka-khotana, Tlëgon-khotana)
**** Western Ahtna
: 5. '''[[Koyukon language|Koyukon]]''' (also known as Ten’a, Co-Youkon, Co-yukon)
::* Lower Koyukon (also known as Lower Yukon Koyukon)</small>
*** '''[[Dena'ina language|Dena’ina]]''' (also known as Tanaina)
**** Lower Inlet Dena’ina
::* Central Koyukon (also known as Dinaakkanaaga Ts’inh Huyoza, Koyukuk River Koyukon)</small>
***** Outer Inlet
::* Upper Koyukon (also known as Upper Yukon Koyukon)</small>
***** Iliamna

***** Inland
B. Tanana–Tutchone
**** Upper Inlet Dena’ina
: 6. '''[[Upper Kuskokwim language|Upper Kuskokwim]]''' (also known as Kolchan, Goltsan)
** '''Central Alaska–Yukon'''
: I. [[Tanana languages|Tanana]]
*** Koyukon
:: 7. '''[[Lower Tanana language|Lower Tanana]]''' (also known as Tanana, Minto, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
**** '''[[Deg Xinag]]''' (also known as Deg Hit'an, Kaiyuhkhotana, Ingalik)
:::* Minto-Tolovana-Toklat-Nenana-Wood River</small>
***** Lower Yukon River
:::: '''-''' Minto-Tolovana</small>
***** Middle Kuskokwin
:::: '''-''' Toklat</small>
**** '''[[Holikachuk language|Holikachuk]]''' (also known as Innoko, Innoka-khotana, Tlëgon-khotana)
:::: '''-''' Nenana</small>
**** '''[[Koyukon language|Koyukon]]''' (also known as Ten’a, Co-Youkon, Co-yukon)
:::: '''-''' Wood River</small>
***** Lower Koyukon (also known as Lower Yukon Koyukon)
:::* Chena</small>
***** Central Koyukon (also known as Dinaakkanaaga Ts’inh Huyoza, Koyukuk River Koyukon)
:::* Salcha-Goodpastor</small>
***** Upper Koyukon (also known as Upper Yukon Koyukon)
:: 8. '''[[Tanacross language|Tanacross]]''' (also known as Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
*** Tanana–Tutchone
:: 9. '''[[Upper Tanana language|Upper Tanana]]''' (also known as Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
**** '''[[Upper Kuskokwim language|Upper Kuskokwim]]''' (also known as Kolchan, Goltsan)
:::* Nabesna</small>
***** [[Tanana languages|Tanana]]
:::* Tetlin</small>
****** '''[[Lower Tanana language|Lower Tanana]]''' (also known as Tanana, Minto, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
:::* Northway</small>
******* Minto-Tolovana-Toklat-Nenana-Wood River
:::* Scottie Creek</small>
******** Minto-Tolovana
:::* Canadian Upper Tanana</small>
******** Toklat
: II. '''[[Tutchone language|Tutchone]]''' (also known as Gens de Bois, Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Tutchonekutchin)
******** Nenana
:: 10. Southern Tutchone (sometimes considered to be just a dialect)
******** Wood River
:: 11. Northern Tutchone (also known as Mayo) (sometimes considered to be just a dialect)
******* Chena

******* Salcha-Goodpastor
C. Kutchin–Han
: 12. '''[[Gwich’in language|Gwich’in]]''' (also known as Gwitch’in, Kutchin, Kootchin, Loucheux, Loucheaux, Takudh, Tukudh, "Quarrelers")
****** '''[[Tanacross language|Tanacross]]''' (also known as Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
****** '''[[Upper Tanana language|Upper Tanana]]''' (also known as Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
::* Alaskan Gwich’in (also known as Western Gwich’in)</small>
******* Nabesna
::* Canadian Gwich’in (also known as Eastern Gwich’in)</small>
******* Tetlin
: 13. '''[[Hän language|Hän]]''' (also known as Han, Moosehide, Dawson, Gens du Fou, Han Gwich-in, Han-Kootchin, Hankutchin)
******* Northway

******* Scottie Creek
==Northwestern Canada==
******* Canadian Upper Tanana

***** '''[[Tutchone language|Tutchone]]''' (also known as Gens de Bois, Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Tutchonekutchin)
A. Cordillera
****** Southern Tutchone (sometimes considered to be just a dialect)
: I. Central Cordillera (also known as Tahltan-Tagish-Kaska)
****** Northern Tutchone (also known as Mayo) (sometimes considered to be just a dialect)
:: 14. '''[[Tagish language|Tagish]]''' (also known as Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Si-him-E-na, "Stick Indians", Tagisch, Tahgish, Tahkeesh, Tahk-heesh)
*** Kutchin–Han
:: 15. '''[[Tahltan language|Tahltan]]''' (also known as Nahanni, Keyehotine, Nahane, Nahani, Tahl-tan, Tatltan, Ticaxhanoten, Toltan)
:: 16. '''[[Kaska language|Kaska]]''' (also known as Nahanni, Nahane, Nahani, Cassiar)
**** '''[[Gwich’in language|Gwich’in]]''' (also known as Gwitch’in, Kutchin, Kootchin, Loucheux, Loucheaux, Takudh, Tukudh, "Quarrelers")
***** Alaskan Gwich’in (also known as Western Gwich’in)
: II. Southeastern Cordillera
***** Canadian Gwich’in (also known as Eastern Gwich’in)
:: 17. '''[[Sekani language|Sekani]]'''
:: 18. '''[[Danezaa language|Danezaa]]''' (also known as Beaver, Tsattine, Dunne-za, Deneza, Gens de Castor)
**** '''[[Hän language|Hän]]''' (also known as Han, Moosehide, Dawson, Gens du Fou, Han Gwich-in, Han-Kootchin, Hankutchin)
** '''Northwestern Canada'''

*** Cordillera
B. Mackenzie
**** Central Cordillera (also known as Tahltan-Tagish-Kaska)
: I. '''[[Slavey language|Slavey–Hare]]''' (v Slave)
:: 19. Slavey (also known as Slavey proper, South Slavey, Southern Slavey, Dene Tha, Esclave, Nahane, Nahani, Slave)
***** '''[[Tagish language|Tagish]]''' (also known as Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Si-him-E-na, "Stick Indians", Tagisch, Tahgish, Tahkeesh, Tahk-heesh)
:: 20. Mountain (also known as Montagnards, Nahane, Nahani, Sih gotine, Sihta gotine)
***** '''[[Tahltan language|Tahltan]]''' (also known as Nahanni, Keyehotine, Nahane, Nahani, Tahl-tan, Tatltan, Ticaxhanoten, Toltan)
:: 21. Bearlake (also known as Satudine, Sahtu gotine, Bear Lake)
***** '''[[Kaska language|Kaska]]''' (also known as Nahanni, Nahane, Nahani, Cassiar)
**** Southeastern Cordillera
:: 22. Hare (also known as Kawchottine, Ka so gotine, Kancho, Kawchodinneh, Rabbitskins, Ta-na-tin-ne)
: 23. '''[[Dogrib language|Dogrib]]''' (also known as Tli Cho, Tłįchǫ or Thlingchadine)
***** '''[[Sekani language|Sekani]]'''
***** '''[[Danezaa language|Danezaa]]''' (also known as Beaver, Tsattine, Dunne-za, Deneza, Gens de Castor)

*** Mackenzie
C. Chipewyan
**** '''[[Slavey language|Slavey–Hare]]''' (v Slave)
: 24. '''[[Dene Suline language|Dene Suline]]''' (also known as Chipewyan, Dëne Sųłiné, Dene, Yellowknife, Montagnais, "Northern Indians", Copper Indians, Coppermine Indians, Mithcocoman, Red Knife, T’atsan ottine, Tatsotine, Yellow Knife)
***** Slavey (also known as Slavey proper, South Slavey, Southern Slavey, Dene Tha, Esclave, Nahane, Nahani, Slave)

***** Mountain (also known as Montagnards, Nahane, Nahani, Sih gotine, Sihta gotine)
==Tsetsaut==
***** Bearlake (also known as Satudine, Sahtu gotine, Bear Lake)

***** Hare (also known as Kawchottine, Ka so gotine, Kancho, Kawchodinneh, Rabbitskins, Ta-na-tin-ne)
: 25. '''[[Tsetsaut language|Tsetsaut]]''' (also known as Ts’ets’aut, Nahane, Nahani, Portland Canal, Wetalth)
**** '''[[Dogrib language|Dogrib]]''' (also known as Tli Cho, Tłįchǫ or Thlingchadine)

*** Chipewyan
==Central British Columbia==
**** '''[[Dene Suline language|Dene Suline]]''' (also known as Chipewyan, Dëne Sųłiné, Dene, Yellowknife, Montagnais, "Northern Indians", Copper Indians, Coppermine Indians, Mithcocoman, Red Knife, T’atsan ottine, Tatsotine, Yellow Knife)

: 26. '''[[Babine-Witsuwit'en]]''' (also known as North Carrier, Babine Carrier, Northern Carrier, Bulkley Valley, Lakes District, Western Carrier)
** '''[[Tsetsaut language|Tsetsaut]]''' (also known as Ts’ets’aut, Nahane, Nahani, Portland Canal, Wetalth)
** '''Central British Columbia'''
::* <small>Babine (also known as Nadot’en, Nedut’en, Nat’oot’en)</small>
*** '''[[Babine-Witsuwit'en]]''' (also known as North Carrier, Babine Carrier, Northern Carrier, Bulkley Valley, Lakes District, Western Carrier)
::* <small>Takla</small>
**** Babine (also known as Nadot’en, Nedut’en, Nat’oot’en)
::* <small>[[Witsuwit'en|Witsuwit’en]] (also known as Wetsuwet’en, Wets’uwet’en, Wet’suwet’en)</small>
**** Takla
::* <small>Moricetown</small>
**** [[Witsuwit'en|Witsuwit’en]] (also known as Wetsuwet’en, Wets’uwet’en, Wet’suwet’en)
::* <small>Francois Lake</small>
**** Moricetown
: 27. '''[[Carrier language|Dakelh]]''' (also known as Carrier, Dakelhne, Takelne, Takulli, Taculli, Takulie, Porteur, Nagailer)
**** Francois Lake
::* <small>Central Carrier (also known as Upper Carrier)</small>
::* <small>Southern Carrier (also known as Lower Carrier)</small>
*** '''[[Carrier language|Dakelh]]''' (also known as Carrier, Dakelhne, Takelne, Takulli, Taculli, Takulie, Porteur, Nagailer)
**** Central Carrier (also known as Upper Carrier)
: 28. '''[[Chilcotin language|Chilcotin]]''' (also known as Tsilhqot’in, Tinneh, Chilkhodins, Tsilkotin)
**** Southern Carrier (also known as Lower Carrier)
: 29. '''[[Nicola language|Nicola]]''' (also known as [[Stuwix]], Nicola-Similkameen) (extinct)
*** '''[[Chilcotin language|Chilcotin]]''' (also known as Tsilhqot’in, Tinneh, Chilkhodins, Tsilkotin)

*** '''[[Nicola language|Nicola]]''' (also known as [[Stuwix]], Nicola-Similkameen) ({{extinct}})
==Sarsi==
** '''[[Tsuut’ina language|Sarsi]]''' (also known as Sarcee, Tsuu T’ina, or Tsuut’ina)

** '''Kwalhioqua–Tlatskanai'''
: 30. '''[[Tsuut’ina language|Sarsi]]''' (also known as Sarcee, Tsuu T’ina, or Tsuut’ina)
*** '''[[Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie language|Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie]]''' (also known as Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanie)

**** Willapa (also known as Willoopah)
==Kwalhioqua–Tlatskanai==
**** Suwal-Clatskanie

***** Suwal
: 31. '''[[Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie language|Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie]]''' (also known as Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanie)
::* <small>Willapa (also known as Willoopah)</small>
***** Clatskanie (also known as Tlatskanie)
{{tree list/end}}
::* <small>Suwal-Clatskanie</small>
::: '''-''' <small>Suwal</small>
::: '''-''' <small>Clatskanie (also known as Tlatskanie)</small>


==References==
==References==
Line 132: Line 121:
==External links==
==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070422170546/http://www.arcticathabaskancouncil.com/maps/dialectmap.php Map of Northern Athabaskan dialects]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070422170546/http://www.arcticathabaskancouncil.com/maps/dialectmap.php Map of Northern Athabaskan dialects]

{{Athabaskan languages}}
{{Athabaskan languages}}


[[Category:Northern Athabaskan languages]]
[[Category:Northern Athabaskan languages| ]]
[[Category:Indigenous languages of Alaska]]
[[Category:Indigenous languages of Alaska]]

Revision as of 08:19, 13 June 2024

Northern Athabaskan
EthnicityDene
Geographic
distribution
Alaska, Yukon
Linguistic classificationDené–Yeniseian?
GlottologNone

Northern Athabaskan is a geographic sub-grouping of the Athabaskan language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the northern part of North America, particularly in Alaska (Alaskan Athabaskans), Yukon, and the Northwest Territories. The Northern Athabaskan languages consist of 31 languages that can be divided into seven geographic subgroups.

Classification

  • Northern Athabaskan
    • Southern Alaskan
      • Ahtna (also known as Atna, Ahtena, Copper River)
        • Central Copper River Ahtna
        • Lower Copper River Ahtna
        • Mentasta (also known as Upper Ahtna)
        • Western Ahtna
      • Dena’ina (also known as Tanaina)
        • Lower Inlet Dena’ina
          • Outer Inlet
          • Iliamna
          • Inland
        • Upper Inlet Dena’ina
    • Central Alaska–Yukon
      • Koyukon
        • Deg Xinag (also known as Deg Hit'an, Kaiyuhkhotana, Ingalik)
          • Lower Yukon River
          • Middle Kuskokwin
        • Holikachuk (also known as Innoko, Innoka-khotana, Tlëgon-khotana)
        • Koyukon (also known as Ten’a, Co-Youkon, Co-yukon)
          • Lower Koyukon (also known as Lower Yukon Koyukon)
          • Central Koyukon (also known as Dinaakkanaaga Ts’inh Huyoza, Koyukuk River Koyukon)
          • Upper Koyukon (also known as Upper Yukon Koyukon)
      • Tanana–Tutchone
        • Upper Kuskokwim (also known as Kolchan, Goltsan)
          • Tanana
            • Lower Tanana (also known as Tanana, Minto, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
              • Minto-Tolovana-Toklat-Nenana-Wood River
                • Minto-Tolovana
                • Toklat
                • Nenana
                • Wood River
              • Chena
              • Salcha-Goodpastor
            • Tanacross (also known as Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
            • Upper Tanana (also known as Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
              • Nabesna
              • Tetlin
              • Northway
              • Scottie Creek
              • Canadian Upper Tanana
          • Tutchone (also known as Gens de Bois, Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Tutchonekutchin)
            • Southern Tutchone (sometimes considered to be just a dialect)
            • Northern Tutchone (also known as Mayo) (sometimes considered to be just a dialect)
      • Kutchin–Han
        • Gwich’in (also known as Gwitch’in, Kutchin, Kootchin, Loucheux, Loucheaux, Takudh, Tukudh, "Quarrelers")
          • Alaskan Gwich’in (also known as Western Gwich’in)
          • Canadian Gwich’in (also known as Eastern Gwich’in)
        • Hän (also known as Han, Moosehide, Dawson, Gens du Fou, Han Gwich-in, Han-Kootchin, Hankutchin)
    • Northwestern Canada
      • Cordillera
        • Central Cordillera (also known as Tahltan-Tagish-Kaska)
          • Tagish (also known as Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Si-him-E-na, "Stick Indians", Tagisch, Tahgish, Tahkeesh, Tahk-heesh)
          • Tahltan (also known as Nahanni, Keyehotine, Nahane, Nahani, Tahl-tan, Tatltan, Ticaxhanoten, Toltan)
          • Kaska (also known as Nahanni, Nahane, Nahani, Cassiar)
        • Southeastern Cordillera
          • Sekani
          • Danezaa (also known as Beaver, Tsattine, Dunne-za, Deneza, Gens de Castor)
      • Mackenzie
        • Slavey–Hare (v Slave)
          • Slavey (also known as Slavey proper, South Slavey, Southern Slavey, Dene Tha, Esclave, Nahane, Nahani, Slave)
          • Mountain (also known as Montagnards, Nahane, Nahani, Sih gotine, Sihta gotine)
          • Bearlake (also known as Satudine, Sahtu gotine, Bear Lake)
          • Hare (also known as Kawchottine, Ka so gotine, Kancho, Kawchodinneh, Rabbitskins, Ta-na-tin-ne)
        • Dogrib (also known as Tli Cho, Tłįchǫ or Thlingchadine)
      • Chipewyan
        • Dene Suline (also known as Chipewyan, Dëne Sųłiné, Dene, Yellowknife, Montagnais, "Northern Indians", Copper Indians, Coppermine Indians, Mithcocoman, Red Knife, T’atsan ottine, Tatsotine, Yellow Knife)
    • Tsetsaut (also known as Ts’ets’aut, Nahane, Nahani, Portland Canal, Wetalth)
    • Central British Columbia
      • Babine-Witsuwit'en (also known as North Carrier, Babine Carrier, Northern Carrier, Bulkley Valley, Lakes District, Western Carrier)
        • Babine (also known as Nadot’en, Nedut’en, Nat’oot’en)
        • Takla
        • Witsuwit’en (also known as Wetsuwet’en, Wets’uwet’en, Wet’suwet’en)
        • Moricetown
        • Francois Lake
      • Dakelh (also known as Carrier, Dakelhne, Takelne, Takulli, Taculli, Takulie, Porteur, Nagailer)
        • Central Carrier (also known as Upper Carrier)
        • Southern Carrier (also known as Lower Carrier)
      • Chilcotin (also known as Tsilhqot’in, Tinneh, Chilkhodins, Tsilkotin)
      • Nicola (also known as Stuwix, Nicola-Similkameen) ()
    • Sarsi (also known as Sarcee, Tsuu T’ina, or Tsuut’ina)
    • Kwalhioqua–Tlatskanai
      • Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie (also known as Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanie)
        • Willapa (also known as Willoopah)
        • Suwal-Clatskanie
          • Suwal
          • Clatskanie (also known as Tlatskanie)

References

Bibliography