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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the poppy family Papaveraceae}}
{{italic title}}
{{taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|image=Dutchman'sBreeches040815.jpg
|name = ''Dicentra''
|image_caption=''[[Dicentra cucullaria]]'' ([[type species]])
|image = Dutchman'sBreeches040815.jpg
|display_parents=3
|image_caption = ''Dicentra cucullaria'' ([[type species]])
|taxon=Dicentra
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|authority =[[Johann Jakob Bernhardi|Bernh.]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|subdivision_ranks=Species
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|subdivision=8 ([[#Current species|see below]])
|ordo = [[Ranunculales]]
|synonyms=* ''Diclytra'' <small>[[Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen|Borkh.]] nom. rej.<ref name=IPNI>[http://ipni.org International Plant Names Index]</ref></small><br />
|familia = [[Papaveraceae]]
* ''Dielytra'', orthographic variant of ''Diclytra''<ref name=IPNI/>
|subfamilia = [[Fumarioideae]]
Possible synonyms:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?3588 |title=GRIN taxonomy |access-date=2010-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506210827/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?3588 |archive-date=2009-05-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|tribus = [[Fumarieae]]
* ''[[Lamprocapnos]]'' <small>[[Stephan Friedrich Ladislaus Endlicher|Endl.]]</small>
|subtribus = [[Corydalinae (plant)|Corydaline]]
* ''[[Ehrendorferia]]'' <small>[[Tatsundo Fukuhara|Fukuhara]] & [[Magnus Lidén|Lidén]]</small>
|genus = '''''Dicentra'''''
* ''[[Ichtyoselmis]]'' <small>[[Magnus Lidén|Lidén]] & [[Tatsundo Fukuhara|Fukuhara]]</small>
|genus_authority = [[Johann Jakob Bernhardi|Bernh.]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = 8 ([[#Current species|see below]])
|synonyms = ''Diclytra'' <small>[[Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen|Borkh.]] nom. rej.<ref name=IPNI>[http://ipni.org International Plant Names Index]</ref></small><br>
''Dielytra'' = orthographic variant of ''Diclytra''<ref name=IPNI/><br>
'''Possible synonyms:'''<ref>[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?3588 GRIN taxonomy]</ref> ''[[Lamprocapnos]]'' <small>[[Stephan Friedrich Ladislaus Endlicher|Endl.]]</small><br>
''[[Ehrendorferia]]'' <small>[[Tatsundo Fukuhara|Fukuhara]] & [[Magnus Lidén|Lidén]]</small><br>
''[[Ichtyoselmis]]'' <small>[[Magnus Lidén|Lidén]] & [[Tatsundo Fukuhara|Fukuhara]]</small>
}}
}}


'''''Dicentra''''' ('''bleeding-heart'''; [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] ''dís'' "twice", ''kéntron'' "spur")<ref>{{LSJ|di/s|δίς}}, {{LSJ|ke/ntron|κέντρον|ref}}</ref> is a genus of eight species of [[herbaceous plant|herbaceous]] [[perennial plant|plants]] with oddly shaped flowers and finely divided leaves, [[native plant|native]] to eastern Asia and North America.
'''''Dicentra''''' ([[Ancient Greek|Greek]] ''dís'' "twice", ''kéntron'' "spur"),<ref>{{LSJ|di/s|δίς}}, {{LSJ|ke/ntron|κέντρον|ref}}</ref> known collectively as the '''bleeding'''-'''hearts''', is a [[genus]] containing eight [[species]] of [[herbaceous plant|herbaceous]] [[Flowering plant|flowering]] [[perennial]] plants with unique, "heart"-shaped [[Flower|flowers]] and finely divided [[Leaf|foliage]]. The species are, primarily, [[native plant|native]] to North America, although several are found in temperate [[East Asia]].


==Description==
==Description and growth requirements ==
Flowers have two tiny [[sepal]]s and four [[petal]]s. The flowers are bisymmetric: the two outer petals are [[spur (botany)|spurred]] or pouched at the base and curved outwards or backwards at the tip, and the two inner ones with or without a crest at the tip. In ''Dicentra'', all leaves are in a basal [[rosette (botany)|rosette]], and flowers are on leafless [[pedicel (botany)|stalks]]. In other genera with bisymmetric heart-shaped flowers (''[[Lamprocapnos]]'', ''[[Dactylicapnos]]'', ''[[Ichtyoselmis]]'', ''[[Ehrendorferia]]''), leaves grow on stems as well as from the root.<ref name="dicentra">{{cite book |title=Bleeding hearts, Corydalis, and their relatives |last1=Tebbitt |first1=Mark |last2=Lidén |first2=Magnus |last3=Zetterlund |first3=Henrik |year=2008 |pages=56–58 |publisher=Timber Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_OLFpOtEAE0C |ref=harv }}</ref> Each of the two compound [[stamen]]s is composed of one median and two lateral half stamens fused together. The stamens and [[gynoecium|pistil]] are held between the inner petals.
Flowers have two tiny [[sepal]]s and four [[petal]]s. The flowers are bisymmetric: the two outer petals are [[spur (botany)|spurred]] or pouched at the base and curved outwards or backwards at the tip, and the two inner ones with or without a crest at the tip. In ''Dicentra'', all leaves are in a basal [[rosette (botany)|rosette]], and flowers are on leafless [[pedicel (botany)|stalks]]. In other genera with bisymmetric heart-shaped flowers (''[[Lamprocapnos]]'', ''[[Dactylicapnos]]'', ''[[Ichtyoselmis]]'', ''[[Ehrendorferia]]''), leaves grow on stems as well as from the root.<ref name="dicentra">{{cite book |title=Bleeding hearts, Corydalis, and their relatives |last1=Tebbitt |first1=Mark |last2=Lidén |first2=Magnus |last3=Zetterlund |first3=Henrik |year=2008 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bleedingheartsco0000tebb/page/56 56]–58 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=9780881928822 |url=https://archive.org/details/bleedingheartsco0000tebb |url-access=registration }}</ref> Each of the two compound [[stamen]]s is composed of one median and two lateral half stamens fused together. The stamens and [[gynoecium|pistil]] are held between the inner petals.


Native to [[Northeast Asia|Northeastern Asia]], the [[Pacific Northwest]], as well as parts of the [[eastern United States]], ''Dicentra'' almost universally prefer growing in cool, temperate, wet forests with excellent drainage, often growing side-by-side with [[Fern|ferns]], ''[[Hosta]]'', [[Moss|mosses]], and other shade- or dappled-light-loving species, depending on location and region. While ''Dicentra'' will bloom in filtered light or shade, if grown in poorly-drained soil and intense lighting, they will not bloom or thrive.<ref name="Hodges 2012">{{Cite journal |author=Laurie Hodges |title=Bleeding Heart: A Review for Growers|journal=HortTechnology |year=2012 |volume=22 |issue=4|pages=517–522 | doi=10.21273/HORTTECH.22.4.517|s2cid=87279067 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
[[Seed]]s with [[elaiosome]]s are borne in long [[capsule (botany)|pods]].


[[Seed]]s with [[elaiosome]]s are borne in long [[capsule (botany)|capsules]].
All parts are poisonous if ingested.


All parts of ''Dicentra'' are [[List of poisonous plants|poisonous]] if ingested.
==Taxonomy==


==Taxonomy==
===Current species===
===Current species===
The genus ''Dicentra'' includes plants whose flowers and leaves grow on stems directly from the roots. Species with branching stems used to be included in the genus, but have now been moved to other genera.<ref name="dicentra" />
The genus ''Dicentra'' includes plants whose flowers and leaves grow on stems directly from the roots. Species with branching stems used to be included in the genus, but have now been moved to other genera.<ref name="dicentra" />
{| class="wikitable"
#''[[Dicentra canadensis]]'' <small>(Goldie) Walp.</small><br /><small>squirrel-corn</small>
|-
#''[[Dicentra cucullaria]]'' <small>(L.) Bernh.</small><br /><small>Dutchman's-breeches</small>
! Image !! Scientific name !! Common Name !! Distribution
#''[[Dicentra eximia]]'' <small>(Ker-Gawl.) Torr.</small><br /><small>fringed bleeding-heart, turkey-corn</small>
|-
#''[[Dicentra formosa]]'' <small>(Haw.) Walp.</small><br /><small>western or Pacific bleeding-heart</small>
|[[File:Dicentra canadensis - Canadian Heart Flower.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Dicentra canadensis]]'' <small>(Goldie) Walp.</small> || squirrel-corn || eastern North America
#*''Dicentra formosa'' subsp. ''formosa''
|-
#*''Dicentra formosa'' subsp. ''oregana''
|[[File:Dicentra cucullaria.png|120px]] ||''[[Dicentra cucullaria]]'' <small>(L.) Bernh.</small> || Dutchman's-breeches ||eastern North America, with a disjunct population in the Columbia Basin
#''[[Dicentra nevadensis]]'' <small>Eastw.</small><br /><small>Sierra bleeding-heart</small>
|-
#''[[Dicentra pauciflora]]'' <small>S. Wats.</small><br /><small>short-horn steer's-head</small>
|[[File:Fringed bleeding-heart flower cluster.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Dicentra eximia]]'' <small>(Ker-Gawl.) Torr.</small> || fringed bleeding-heart, turkey-corn || Appalachian Mountains
#''[[Dicentra peregrina]]'' <small>(Rudolphi) Makino</small><br /><small>''komakusa''</small>
|-
#''[[Dicentra uniflora]]'' <small>Kellogg</small><br /><small>long-horn steer's-head</small>
|[[File:Dicentra formosa by Danny S. - 001.JPG|120px]] ||''[[Dicentra formosa]]'' <small>(Haw.) Walp.</small> ||western or Pacific bleeding-heart || Pacific Coast of North America

|-
<gallery caption="Flowers">
|[[File:Dicentra nevadensis imported from iNaturalist photo 22525515 on 5 December 2019.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Dicentra nevadensis]]'' <small>Eastw.</small> || Sierra bleeding-heart || Sierra Nevada peaks of Tulare and Fresno Counties, endemic to central eastern California
Dicentra canadensis - Canadian Heart Flower.jpg|Squirrel-corn (''Dicentra canadensis'')
|-
Dicentra cucullaria.png|Dutchman's Breeches (''Dicentra cucullaria'')
|[[File:Dicentrapauciflora.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Dicentra pauciflora]]'' <small>S. Wats.</small> || short-horn steer's-head || Oregon and California
Fringed bleeding-heart flower cluster.jpg|Turkey-corn (''Dicentra eximia'')
|-
Dicentra formosa by Danny S. - 001.JPG|Pacific Bleeding-heart (''Dicentra formosa'')
|[[File:Dicentra peregrina Komakusa.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Dicentra peregrina]]'' <small>(Rudolphi) Makino</small> || komakusa || Japan, the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin Island, and northeastern Siberia
Dicentrapauciflora.jpg|Few-flowered Bleeding-heart (''Dicentra pauciflora'')
|-
Dicentra peregrina Komakusa.jpg|Komakusa (''Dicentra peregrina'')
Dicentra uniflora.jpg|Steer's-head (''Dicentra uniflora'')
|[[File:Dicentra uniflora.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Dicentra uniflora]]'' <small>Kellogg</small> || long-horn steer's-head || western United States
|-
</gallery>
|}

These species names are synonyms of the names above:
*''Dicentra lachenaliaeflora'' <small>Ledeb.</small> = ''[[Dicentra peregrina]]''
*''Dicentra oregana'' <small>Eastw.</small> = ''Dicentra formosa'' subsp. ''oregana''
*''Dicentra pusilla'' <small>Siebold & Zucc.</small> = ''Dicentra peregrina''

===Hybrids and cultivars===
[[File:Dicentra 'King of Hearts' and 'Ivory Hearts'.jpg|thumb|Two bleeding-heart hybrids: ''Dicentra'' 'King of Hearts' (deep pink) and ''Dicentra'' 'Ivory Hearts' (white)]]
There are several [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]] and [[cultivar]]s involving ''Dicentra eximia'', ''Dicentra formosa'', and ''Dicentra peregrina'', including:

*''Dicentra'' 'Aurora' — ''Dicentra formosa'' × ''Dicentra eximia'' — white flowers
*''Dicentra'' 'Bacchanal' — ''Dicentra formosa'' cultivar — deep red
*''Dicentra'' 'Ivory Hearts' — ''Dicentra peregrina'' × ''Dicentra eximia'' 'Alba' — white
*''Dicentra'' 'King of Hearts' — ''Dicentra peregrina'' × (''Dicentra formosa'' subsp. ''oregana'' × ''Dicentra eximia'')
*''Dicentra'' 'Luxuriant' — ''Dicentra formosa'' × ''Dicentra eximia'' × ''Dicentra peregrina''

Hybrids involving ''Dicentra peregrina'' are often intolerant of hot-humid climates and sun like the species itself.


===Former species===
===Former species===
The genera ''Dactylicapnos'', ''Ichtyoselmis'', ''Ehrendorferia'' and ''Lamprocapnos'' were previously included as subgenera in ''Dicentra'', but have been shown not to belong in this genus (see for example Flora of China web page)
The genera ''Dactylicapnos'', ''Ichtyoselmis'', ''Ehrendorferia'' and ''Lamprocapnos'' were previously included as subgenera in ''Dicentra'', but have been shown not to belong in this genus (see for example Flora of China)


* ''[[Dactylicapnos]]'' <small>Wall.</small> (14 species of herbaceous [[vine|climber]]s with yellow flowers, Himalaya to SW China)
* ''[[Dactylicapnos]]'' <small>Wall.</small> (14 species of herbaceous [[vine|climber]]s with yellow flowers, Himalaya to SW China)
Line 89: Line 67:
** ''Dactylicapnos cordata'' <small>Lidén</small>
** ''Dactylicapnos cordata'' <small>Lidén</small>
*''[[Ehrendorferia]]'' <small>Lidén</small> (2 species of erect robust herbaceous perennials with yellow or cream erect flowers, Western N America)
*''[[Ehrendorferia]]'' <small>Lidén</small> (2 species of erect robust herbaceous perennials with yellow or cream erect flowers, Western N America)
** ''[[Ehrendorferia ochroleuca]]'' <small>(Engelm.) Lidén</small> = ''Dicentra ochroleuca'' <small>Engelm.</small>
** ''[[Ehrendorferia ochroleuca]]'' <small>(Engelm.) Lidén</small>=''Dicentra ochroleuca'' <small>Engelm.</small>
** ''[[Ehrendorferia chrysantha]]'' <small>(Hook. & Arn.) Lidén.</small> Golden Ear-drops = ''Dicentra chrysantha'' <small>Hook. & Arn.</small>
** ''[[Ehrendorferia chrysantha]]'' <small>(Hook. & Arn.) Lidén.</small> Golden Ear-drops=''Dicentra chrysantha'' <small>Hook. & Arn.</small>
*''[[Ichtyoselmis]]'' <small>Lidén</small> (1 species of large herbaceous perennial with serrate leaflets and large drooping cream flowers, China, Burma)
*''[[Ichtyoselmis]]'' <small>Lidén</small> (1 species of large herbaceous perennial with serrate leaflets and large drooping cream flowers, China, Burma)
** ''Ichtyoselmis macrantha'' <small>(Oliver) Lidén</small>
** ''Ichtyoselmis macrantha'' <small>(Oliver) Lidén</small>
*''[[Lamprocapnos]]'' <small>Endlicher</small> (1 species of herbaceous perennial with large pink flowers in horizontal racemes, NE China, Korea)
*''[[Lamprocapnos]]'' <small>Endlicher</small> (1 species of herbaceous perennial with large pink flowers in horizontal racemes, NE China, Korea)
** ''Lamprocapnos spectabilis'' <small>(L.) Fukuhara</small> bleeding heart = ''Dicentra spectabilis'' <small>Lem.</small>
** ''Lamprocapnos spectabilis'' <small>(L.) Fukuhara</small> bleeding heart=''Dicentra spectabilis'' <small>Lem.</small>

==Cultivation==
[[File:Dicentra 'King of Hearts' and 'Ivory Hearts'.jpg|thumb|Two bleeding-heart hybrids: ''Dicentra'' 'King of Hearts' (deep pink) and ''Dicentra'' 'Ivory Hearts' (white)]]
There are several [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]] and [[cultivar]]s involving ''Dicentra eximia'', ''Dicentra formosa'', and ''Dicentra peregrina'', including (those marked {{smallcaps|agm}} have gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]]):-<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title=AGM Plants - Ornamental | date=July 2017 | page=32 | publisher=Royal Horticultural Society | access-date=24 January 2018}}</ref>

*''Dicentra'' 'Aurora' — ''Dicentra formosa'' × ''Dicentra eximia'' — white flowers
*''D. formosa'' 'Bacchanal' ({{smallcaps|agm}})<ref>{{cite web
| url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/180300/i-Dicentra-formosa-i-Bacchanal/Details
| title=RHS Plantfinder - ''Dicentra formosa'' 'Bacchanal'
| access-date=12 February 2018}}</ref> — deep red
*''Dicentra'' 'Ivory Hearts' — ''Dicentra peregrina'' × ''Dicentra eximia'' 'Alba' — white
*''Dicentra'' 'King of Hearts' — ''Dicentra peregrina'' × (''Dicentra formosa'' subsp. ''oregana'' × ''Dicentra eximia'')
*''D. formosa'' 'Langtrees' ({{smallcaps|agm}})<ref>{{cite web
| url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/253166/i-Dicentra-formosa-i-Langtrees/Details
| title=RHS Plantfinder - ''Dicentra formosa'' 'Langtrees'
| access-date=12 February 2018}}</ref>
*''Dicentra'' 'Luxuriant' ({{smallcaps|agm}})<ref>{{cite web
| url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/90247/i-Dicentra-i-Luxuriant/Details
| title=RHS Plantfinder - ''Dicentra'' 'Luxuriant'
| access-date=12 February 2018}}</ref> — ''Dicentra formosa'' × ''Dicentra eximia'' × ''Dicentra peregrina''
<!-- AGM withdrawn *''Dicentra'' 'Queen of Hearts' ({{smallcaps|agm}})<ref>{{cite web
| url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/44562/i-Dicentra-i-Queen-of-Hearts/Details
| title=RHS Plantfinder - ''Dicentra'' 'Queen of Hearts'
| access-date=12 February 2018}}</ref>-->
*''Dicentra'' 'Stuart Boothman' ({{smallcaps|agm}})<ref>{{cite web
| url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/42544/i-Dicentra-i-Stuart-Boothman/Details
| title=RHS Plantfinder - ''Dicentra'' 'Stuart Boothman'
| access-date=12 February 2018}}</ref>

Hybrids involving ''Dicentra peregrina'' are often intolerant of hot, humid climates and sun, like the species itself.


== References ==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q157857}}
== External links ==
{{Authority control}}
{{commons}}
{{wikispecies}}
* [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/plants/magnoliophyta/magnoliophytina/magnoliopsida/fumariaceae/dicentra/ List of species by Markku Savela]
*[http://landscaping.about.com/od/perennialflowers/p/bleeding_hearts.htm About.com]
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=109863 Flora of North America]


[[Category:Dicentra| ]]
[[Category:Dicentra| ]]
[[Category:Poisonous plants]]
[[Category:Papaveraceae genera]]

Latest revision as of 20:38, 13 June 2024

Dicentra
Dicentra cucullaria (type species)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Papaveraceae
Subfamily: Fumarioideae
Tribe: Fumarieae
Subtribe: Corydalinae
Genus: Dicentra
Bernh.
Species

8 (see below)

Synonyms
  • Diclytra Borkh. nom. rej.[1]
  • Dielytra, orthographic variant of Diclytra[1]

Possible synonyms:[2]

Dicentra (Greek dís "twice", kéntron "spur"),[3] known collectively as the bleeding-hearts, is a genus containing eight species of herbaceous flowering perennial plants with unique, "heart"-shaped flowers and finely divided foliage. The species are, primarily, native to North America, although several are found in temperate East Asia.

Description and growth requirements

[edit]

Flowers have two tiny sepals and four petals. The flowers are bisymmetric: the two outer petals are spurred or pouched at the base and curved outwards or backwards at the tip, and the two inner ones with or without a crest at the tip. In Dicentra, all leaves are in a basal rosette, and flowers are on leafless stalks. In other genera with bisymmetric heart-shaped flowers (Lamprocapnos, Dactylicapnos, Ichtyoselmis, Ehrendorferia), leaves grow on stems as well as from the root.[4] Each of the two compound stamens is composed of one median and two lateral half stamens fused together. The stamens and pistil are held between the inner petals.

Native to Northeastern Asia, the Pacific Northwest, as well as parts of the eastern United States, Dicentra almost universally prefer growing in cool, temperate, wet forests with excellent drainage, often growing side-by-side with ferns, Hosta, mosses, and other shade- or dappled-light-loving species, depending on location and region. While Dicentra will bloom in filtered light or shade, if grown in poorly-drained soil and intense lighting, they will not bloom or thrive.[5]

Seeds with elaiosomes are borne in long capsules.

All parts of Dicentra are poisonous if ingested.

Taxonomy

[edit]

Current species

[edit]

The genus Dicentra includes plants whose flowers and leaves grow on stems directly from the roots. Species with branching stems used to be included in the genus, but have now been moved to other genera.[4]

Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp. squirrel-corn eastern North America
Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. Dutchman's-breeches eastern North America, with a disjunct population in the Columbia Basin
Dicentra eximia (Ker-Gawl.) Torr. fringed bleeding-heart, turkey-corn Appalachian Mountains
Dicentra formosa (Haw.) Walp. western or Pacific bleeding-heart Pacific Coast of North America
Dicentra nevadensis Eastw. Sierra bleeding-heart Sierra Nevada peaks of Tulare and Fresno Counties, endemic to central eastern California
Dicentra pauciflora S. Wats. short-horn steer's-head Oregon and California
Dicentra peregrina (Rudolphi) Makino komakusa Japan, the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin Island, and northeastern Siberia
Dicentra uniflora Kellogg long-horn steer's-head western United States

Former species

[edit]

The genera Dactylicapnos, Ichtyoselmis, Ehrendorferia and Lamprocapnos were previously included as subgenera in Dicentra, but have been shown not to belong in this genus (see for example Flora of China)

  • Dactylicapnos Wall. (14 species of herbaceous climbers with yellow flowers, Himalaya to SW China)
    • Dactylicapnos burmanica (K.R.Stern) Lidén
    • Dactylicapnos grandifoliolata Merrill (Dicentra paucinervia K.R.Stern)
    • Dactylicapnos lichiangensis (Fedde) Hand.-Mazz.
    • Dactylicapnos macrocapnos (Prain) Hutchinson
    • Dactylicapnos roylei (Hook.f. & Th.) Hutchinson
    • Dactylicapnos scandens (D.Don) Hutchinson
    • Dactylicapnos schneideri (Fedde) Lidén
    • Dactylicapnos gaoligongshanensis Lidén
    • Dactylicapnos torulosa (Hook.f. & Th.) Hutchinson (Dicentra wolfdietheri Fedde)
    • Dactylicapnos cordata Lidén
  • Ehrendorferia Lidén (2 species of erect robust herbaceous perennials with yellow or cream erect flowers, Western N America)
  • Ichtyoselmis Lidén (1 species of large herbaceous perennial with serrate leaflets and large drooping cream flowers, China, Burma)
    • Ichtyoselmis macrantha (Oliver) Lidén
  • Lamprocapnos Endlicher (1 species of herbaceous perennial with large pink flowers in horizontal racemes, NE China, Korea)
    • Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara bleeding heart=Dicentra spectabilis Lem.

Cultivation

[edit]
Two bleeding-heart hybrids: Dicentra 'King of Hearts' (deep pink) and Dicentra 'Ivory Hearts' (white)

There are several hybrids and cultivars involving Dicentra eximia, Dicentra formosa, and Dicentra peregrina, including (those marked agm have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit):-[6]

  • Dicentra 'Aurora' — Dicentra formosa × Dicentra eximia — white flowers
  • D. formosa 'Bacchanal' (agm)[7] — deep red
  • Dicentra 'Ivory Hearts' — Dicentra peregrina × Dicentra eximia 'Alba' — white
  • Dicentra 'King of Hearts' — Dicentra peregrina × (Dicentra formosa subsp. oregana × Dicentra eximia)
  • D. formosa 'Langtrees' (agm)[8]
  • Dicentra 'Luxuriant' (agm)[9] — Dicentra formosa × Dicentra eximia × Dicentra peregrina
  • Dicentra 'Stuart Boothman' (agm)[10]

Hybrids involving Dicentra peregrina are often intolerant of hot, humid climates and sun, like the species itself.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b International Plant Names Index
  2. ^ "GRIN taxonomy". Archived from the original on 2009-05-06. Retrieved 2010-01-13.
  3. ^ δίς, κέντρον. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
  4. ^ a b Tebbitt, Mark; Lidén, Magnus; Zetterlund, Henrik (2008). Bleeding hearts, Corydalis, and their relatives. Timber Press. pp. 56–58. ISBN 9780881928822.
  5. ^ Laurie Hodges (2012). "Bleeding Heart: A Review for Growers". HortTechnology. 22 (4): 517–522. doi:10.21273/HORTTECH.22.4.517. S2CID 87279067.
  6. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 32. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  7. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Dicentra formosa 'Bacchanal'". Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  8. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Dicentra formosa 'Langtrees'". Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  9. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Dicentra 'Luxuriant'". Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  10. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Dicentra 'Stuart Boothman'". Retrieved 12 February 2018.
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