Deputy Prime Minister of Australia: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
TheScrubby (talk | contribs) |
|||
| (34 intermediate revisions by 25 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Second officer of Australian government}} |
{{Short description|Second officer of Australian government}} |
||
{{distinguish|Deputy |
{{distinguish|Deputy premiers of the Australian states}} |
||
{{Use Australian English|date=July 2016}} |
{{Use Australian English|date=July 2016}} |
||
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}} |
||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
| body = Australia |
| body = Australia |
||
| insignia = Coat of Arms of Australia.svg |
| insignia = Coat of Arms of Australia.svg |
||
| insigniacaption = [[Coat of |
| insigniacaption = [[Coat of arms of Australia|Commonwealth Coat of Arms]] |
||
| flag = Flag of Australia (converted).svg |
| flag = Flag of Australia (converted).svg |
||
| flagcaption = [[Flag of Australia]] |
| flagcaption = [[Flag of Australia]] |
||
| flagborder = yes |
| flagborder = yes |
||
| image = Richard Marles |
| image = Richard Marles in Feb 2023.jpg |
||
| imagesize = 170 |
| imagesize = 170 |
||
| incumbent = [[Richard Marles]] |
| incumbent = [[Richard Marles]] |
||
| incumbentsince = 23 May 2022 |
| incumbentsince = 23 May 2022 |
||
| department = [[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)|Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet]] |
| department = [[Australian_Government#Executive|Executive branch of the Australian Government]]{{Broken anchor|date=2024-03-24|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|reason= The anchor (Executive) [[Special:Diff/1186938659|has been deleted]].}}<br>[[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)|Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet]] |
||
| style = [[The Honourable]] |
| style = [[The Honourable]] |
||
| abbreviation = DPM |
| abbreviation = DPM |
||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
| nominator = Prime Minister |
| nominator = Prime Minister |
||
| appointer = [[Governor-General of Australia]] |
| appointer = [[Governor-General of Australia]] |
||
| appointer_qualified = on the [[Advice (constitutional)|advice]] of the prime minister |
| appointer_qualified = on the [[Advice (constitutional law)|advice]] of the prime minister |
||
| termlength = [[At the Governor-General's pleasure]] |
| termlength = [[At His Majesty's pleasure|At the Governor-General's pleasure]] |
||
| termlength_qualified = |
| termlength_qualified = |
||
| formation = {{start date and age|df=y|1968|1|10}} |
| formation = {{start date and age|df=y|1968|1|10}} |
||
| Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
{{Politics of Australia sidebar}} |
{{Politics of Australia sidebar}} |
||
The '''deputy prime minister of Australia''' is the deputy [[chief executive]] and the [[ |
The '''deputy prime minister of Australia''' is the deputy [[Chief executive officer|chief executive]] and the [[Deputy prime minister|second highest ranking officer]] of the [[Australian Government]]. The office of deputy prime minister was officially created as a [[Minister (government)|ministerial]] portfolio in 1968, although the title had been used informally for many years previously. The deputy prime minister is appointed by the [[Governor-General of Australia|governor-general]] on the advice of the [[Prime Minister of Australia|prime minister]]. When Australia has a [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] government, the deputy leader of the parliamentary party holds the position of deputy prime minister. When Australia has a [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]] government, the Coalition Agreement mandates that all Coalition members support the leader of the [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party]] becoming prime minister and the leader of the [[National Party of Australia|National Party]] becoming the deputy prime minister.<ref name = CoalitionDPM>{{cite news|url = https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/why-can-t-malcolm-turnbull-sack-barnaby-joyce-20180216-p4z0lt.html|newspaper = [[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|publisher = [[Fairfax Media]]|title = Why can't Malcolm Turnbull sack Barnaby Joyce?|first1 = Michael|last1 = Koziol|first2 = Eryk|last2 = Bagshaw|date = 16 February 2018|access-date = 24 February 2018}}</ref> |
||
The [[2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis]] resulted in the position being made vacant for the first time since its official creation. Barnaby Joyce, the then-incumbent, was ruled ineligible to be a member of parliament by the [[High Court of Australia]] sitting as the [[Court of Disputed Returns (Australia)|Court of Disputed Returns]] on 27 October 2017, as he held [[New Zealand]] citizenship at the time of his election in contravention of [[Section 44 of the Constitution of Australia]]. [[Julie Bishop]] would act in the place of the prime minister during the vacancy in the deputy premiership.<ref name = JoyceInvalid>{{cite news|url = http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/high-court-citizenship-verdict-barnaby-joyce-facing-byelection-in-hammer-blow-to-turnbull-government-20171026-gz9aq8.html|title = High Court citizenship verdict: Barnaby Joyce facing byelection in hammer blow to Turnbull government|last = Massola|first = James|date = 27 October 2017|newspaper = [[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|publisher = [[Fairfax Media]]|access-date = 27 October 2017}}</ref><ref name = AntonyGreen>{{cite news|url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/elections/new-england-by-election-2017/|title = 2017 New England by-election – Guide|first = Antony|last = Green|author-link = Antony Green|year = 2017|access-date = 24 February 2018|work = [[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] (Online)|publisher = [[ABC News |
The [[2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis]] resulted in the position being made vacant for the first time since its official creation. Barnaby Joyce, the then-incumbent, was ruled ineligible to be a member of parliament by the [[High Court of Australia]] sitting as the [[Court of Disputed Returns (Australia)|Court of Disputed Returns]] on 27 October 2017, as he held [[New Zealand]] citizenship at the time of his election in contravention of [[Section 44 of the Constitution of Australia]]. [[Julie Bishop]] would act in the place of the prime minister during the vacancy in the deputy premiership.<ref name = JoyceInvalid>{{cite news|url = http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/high-court-citizenship-verdict-barnaby-joyce-facing-byelection-in-hammer-blow-to-turnbull-government-20171026-gz9aq8.html|title = High Court citizenship verdict: Barnaby Joyce facing byelection in hammer blow to Turnbull government|last = Massola|first = James|date = 27 October 2017|newspaper = [[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|publisher = [[Fairfax Media]]|access-date = 27 October 2017}}</ref><ref name = AntonyGreen>{{cite news|url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/elections/new-england-by-election-2017/|title = 2017 New England by-election – Guide|first = Antony|last = Green|author-link = Antony Green|year = 2017|access-date = 24 February 2018|work = [[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] (Online)|publisher = [[ABC News (Australia)|News and Current Affairs Division]] of the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}<br />{{cite news|url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/elections/new-england-by-election-2017/commentary/|title = 2017 New England by-election – Commentary|date = 15 January 2018|access-date = 24 February 2018|first = Antony|last = Green|author-link = Antony Green|work = [[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] (Online)|publisher = [[ABC News (Australia)|News and Current Affairs Division]] of the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref> Joyce regained the position on 6 December 2017<ref name = JoyceReswornDPM>{{cite news|date = 6 December 2017|title = Barnaby Joyce is once again the Deputy Prime Minister after being sworn in|access-date = 24 February 2018|first = Jamieson|last = Murphy|newspaper = [[Northern Daily Leader]]|publisher = [[Australian Community Media|Rural Press]]|url = http://www.northerndailyleader.com.au/story/5104705/its-official-barnaby-joyce-is-once-again-the-deputy-prime-minister-photos/}}</ref> after he won the [[2017 New England by-election|by-election]] for the seat of [[Division of New England|New England]] several days earlier.<ref name = AntonyGreen /> |
||
==History== |
==History== |
||
[[File:McEwen And Gorton.jpg|thumb|left|Prime Minister [[John McEwen]] with [[John Gorton]] on 9 January 1968. The following day, Gorton was sworn in as |
[[File:McEwen And Gorton.jpg|thumb|left|Prime Minister [[John McEwen]] with [[John Gorton]] on 9 January 1968. The following day, Gorton was sworn in as prime minister, and McEwen became the inaugural deputy prime minister.]] |
||
Originally the position of deputy |
Originally the position of deputy prime minister was an unofficial or honorary position accorded to the second-highest ranking minister in the government. The unofficial position acquired more significance following the [[1922 Australian federal election|1922 federal election]], which saw the governing [[Nationalist Party of Australia|Nationalist Party]] lose its parliamentary majority. The Nationalists eventually reached a [[Coalition (Australia)|coalition agreement]] with the [[National Party of Australia|Country Party]], which called for Country Party leader [[Earle Page]] to take the second rank in the Nationalist-led ministry of [[Stanley Bruce]]. While Page's only official title was Treasurer, he was considered as a deputy to Bruce.<ref>PrimeFacts: [http://static.moadoph.gov.au/ophgovau/media/images/apmc/docs/53-Deputy-PMs.pdf Deputy Prime Ministers of Australia]</ref> |
||
Although no office of that name had officially been created, by 1946 the title "deputy prime minister" was being used in the ''[[Commonwealth of Australia Gazette]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/232894860|title=Australian Imperial Force Canteens Fund Act 1920 – Notice Under Section 8|work=Commonwealth of Australia Gazette|date=17 October 1946}}</ref> |
|||
From then until 1968, the Coalition agreement between the [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberals]] (and their predecessors) and Country Party called for the leader of the Country Party (subsequently the [[National Party of Australia|National Party]]) to rank second in Cabinet. That continues to be case when the Coalition is in government.<ref name = CoalitionDPM /> In the case of Labor governments, the party's deputy leader ranks second in Cabinet. |
From then until 1968, the Coalition agreement between the [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberals]] (and their predecessors) and Country Party called for the leader of the Country Party (subsequently the [[National Party of Australia|National Party]]) to rank second in Cabinet. That continues to be case when the Coalition is in government.<ref name = CoalitionDPM /> In the case of Labor governments, the party's deputy leader ranks second in Cabinet. |
||
On 19 December 1967, [[John McEwen]], the long-serving leader of the Country Party in the Coalition government, was sworn in as [[ |
On 19 December 1967, [[John McEwen]], the long-serving leader of the Country Party in the Coalition government, was sworn in as [[Prime Minister of Australia|interim prime minister]] following the [[Disappearance of Harold Holt|sudden disappearance and presumed death]] of Prime Minister [[Harold Holt]]. There was discussion that deputy Liberal leader and Treasurer [[William McMahon]] should assume the office. McMahon had planned a party room meeting on 20 December to elect a new leader, intending to stand for the position himself. However, this was pre-empted by McEwen who publicly declared on the morning of 18 December that he would not serve in a McMahon government. McEwen was sworn in as prime minister on the understanding that his commission would continue only so long as it took for the Liberals to elect a new leader. Governor-General [[Richard Casey, Baron Casey|Lord Casey]] also accepted the view put to him by McEwen that to commission a Liberal temporarily as prime minister would give that person an unfair advantage in the forthcoming party room ballot for the permanent leader. McEwen's appointment was in keeping with the previous occasion when the main non-Labor party was without a leader; [[Earle Page]] of the Country Party was interim prime minister between 7 and 26 April 1939—the period between [[Joseph Lyons]]' sudden death and the [[United Australia Party]] naming [[Robert Menzies]] his successor. |
||
The Liberal leadership ballot was rescheduled for 9 January 1968. As it turned out, McMahon did not stand, and Senator [[John Gorton]] was elected, replacing McEwen as prime minister on 10 January 1968.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/mcmahon/before-office.aspx| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090912174839/http://www.primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/mcmahon/before-office.aspx| archive-date = 2009-09-12| title = Before office - William McMahon - Australia's PMs - Australia's Prime Ministers}} </ref> McEwen reverted to his previous status as the second-ranking member of the government, as per the Coalition agreement. |
The Liberal leadership ballot was rescheduled for 9 January 1968. As it turned out, McMahon did not stand, and Senator [[John Gorton]] was elected, replacing McEwen as prime minister on 10 January 1968.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/mcmahon/before-office.aspx| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090912174839/http://www.primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/mcmahon/before-office.aspx| archive-date = 2009-09-12| title = Before office - William McMahon - Australia's PMs - Australia's Prime Ministers}} </ref> McEwen reverted to his previous status as the second-ranking member of the government, as per the Coalition agreement. He had unofficially been deputy prime minister since becoming Country Party leader in 1958, and since 1966 had exercised an effective veto over government policy by virtue of being the longest-serving member of the government; he had been a member of the Coalition frontbench without interruption since 1937. To acknowledge McEwen's long service and his status as the second-ranking member of the government, Gorton formally created the post of deputy prime minister, with McEwen as the first holder of the post. |
||
According to parliamentary records, in the time before the position of deputy prime minister was officially created, the position was known as "deputy leader of the Government."<ref>{{cite web| url = https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id:%22handbook/allmps/DTN%22;querytype=;rec=0| title = ParlInfo - Biography for EVATT, the Rt. Hon. Herbert Vere, QC}} </ref> |
According to parliamentary records, in the time before the position of deputy prime minister was officially created, the position was known as "deputy leader of the Government."<ref>{{cite web| url = https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id:%22handbook/allmps/DTN%22;querytype=;rec=0| title = ParlInfo - Biography for EVATT, the Rt. Hon. Herbert Vere, QC}} </ref> |
||
Since 1968 only three deputy prime ministers have gone on to become prime minister: [[Paul Keating]], [[Julia Gillard]], and [[Anthony Albanese]]. Both Keating and Gillard succeeded incumbent prime ministers who lost the support of their party caucus mid-term. Meanwhile, Albanese who briefly served as deputy prime minister in 2013, later led the Labor party to victory at the [[2022 Australian federal election]], and was sworn-in as prime minister on 23 May 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Doyle |first1=Michael |title=Labor, Anthony Albanese make history with 2022 federal election victory |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-05-22/labor-anthony-albanese-history-federal-election-victory/101088062 |access-date=22 May 2022 | |
Since 1968 only three deputy prime ministers have gone on to become prime minister, all of them are [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]]'s politicians: [[Paul Keating]], [[Julia Gillard]], and [[Anthony Albanese]]. Both Keating and Gillard succeeded incumbent prime ministers who lost the support of their party caucus mid-term. Meanwhile, Albanese who briefly served as deputy prime minister in 2013, later led the Labor party to victory at the [[2022 Australian federal election]], and was sworn-in as prime minister on 23 May 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Doyle |first1=Michael |title=Labor, Anthony Albanese make history with 2022 federal election victory |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-05-22/labor-anthony-albanese-history-federal-election-victory/101088062 |access-date=22 May 2022 |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=22 May 2022}}</ref> [[Frank Forde]], who had been deputy Labor leader when [[John Curtin]] died, was interim prime minister between 6 and 13 July 1945, when a leadership ballot took place that elected [[Ben Chifley]] as Curtin's successor. |
||
In November 2007, when the |
In November 2007, when the Labor Party won government, [[Julia Gillard]] became Australia's first female, and first foreign-born, deputy prime minister. |
||
In 2017, the position became vacant for a period of 40 days, the only time in its history when it has been unoccupied. |
In 2017, the position became vacant for a period of 40 days, the only time in its history when it has been unoccupied. As part of the [[2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis]], it emerged that the then-incumbent [[Barnaby Joyce]] was a [[New Zealand nationality law#New Zealand citizenship by descent|citizen of New Zealand by descent]] (''[[jus sanguinis]]'' – by right of blood) at the time of the [[2016 Australian federal election|2016 federal election]].<ref name = JoyceReferred>{{cite news|url = http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/deputy-prime-minister-barnaby-joyce-refers-himself-to-high-court-over-potential-dual-citizenship-20170814-gxvhs2.html|title = Barnaby Joyce refers himself to High Court over potential dual citizenship|first1 = Adam|last1 = Gartrell|first2 = Amy|last2 = Remeikis|newspaper = [[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|publisher = [[Fairfax Media]]|date = 14 August 2017|access-date = 26 February 2018}}</ref> Joyce told the [[Australian House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] that he was advised of his citizenship status on 10 August 2017 by the New Zealand High Commission<ref>{{cite Hansard|jurisdiction = Commonwealth of Australia|house = House of Representatives|speaker = Barnaby Joyce|position = Deputy Prime Minister|quote = Last Thursday afternoon the New Zealand High Commission contacted me to advise that, on the basis of preliminary advice from their Department of Internal Affairs, which had received inquiries from the New Zealand Labour Party, they considered that I may be a citizen by descent of New Zealand.|date = 14 August 2017|access-date = 26 February 2018|title = Parliamentary Representation|page = 8185|url = http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/chamber/hansardr/c81b363c-b13c-4875-9e05-d8d7236d649b/toc_pdf/House%20of%20Representatives_2017_08_14_5360_Official.pdf}}</ref> and his renunciation of his dual citizenship became effective on 15 August 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title = Documentary evidence Barnaby Joyce has renounced his NZ citizenship|publisher = [[News Corp Australia]]|website = [[news.com.au]]|url = http://www.news.com.au/national/politics/documentary-evidence-barnaby-joyce-has-renounced-his-nz-citizenship/news-story/dcadc95774954fb33e34d629fc402e52|last = Vielleris|first = Renee|date = 15 August 2017|access-date = 26 February 2018|archive-date = 20 August 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170820075548/http://www.news.com.au/national/politics/documentary-evidence-barnaby-joyce-has-renounced-his-nz-citizenship/news-story/dcadc95774954fb33e34d629fc402e52|url-status = dead}}</ref> Nevertheless, he asked for his case to be referred to the [[High Court of Australia]] (sitting as the [[Court of Disputed Returns (Australia)|Court of Disputed Returns]]) for adjudication,<ref name = JoyceReferred /> and they ruled that his election was invalid under [[section 44 of the Constitution of Australia]].<ref name = JoyceInvalid /><ref name = AntonyGreen /> The government immediately issued writs for a [[2017 New England by-election|by-election]] for the seat of [[Division of New England|New England]] to be held on 2 December 2017, which Joyce won easily.<ref name = AntonyGreen /> Governor-General [[Peter Cosgrove|Sir Peter Cosgrove]] re-appointed Joyce as deputy prime minister on 6 December 2017.<ref name = JoyceReswornDPM /> |
||
In practice, only National party leaders or Labor Party deputy leaders have held the position. |
In practice, only National party leaders or Labor Party deputy leaders have held the position. |
||
==Duties== |
==Duties== |
||
The |
The deputy prime minister has always been a member of the [[Cabinet of Australia|Cabinet]], and has always held at least one substantive portfolio. It would be technically possible for a minister to hold only the portfolio of deputy prime minister, but this has never happened. |
||
=== Succession === |
=== Succession === |
||
{{Further|Prime Minister of Australia#Acting Prime Ministers and succession}} |
{{Further|Prime Minister of Australia#Acting Prime Ministers and succession}} |
||
The |
The deputy prime minister becomes [[acting prime minister]] if the prime minister is unable to undertake their role for a short time, for example if they are ill, overseas or on leave (and if both are unavailable, then another senior minister takes on this role).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Does Australia have a parliamentary line of succession to the prime minister and if so, what is the order?|url=https://questions.peo.gov.au/questions/does-australia-have-a-parliamentary-line-of-succession-to-the-prime-minister-and-if-so-what-is-the-order/22|url-status=live|access-date=18 August 2021|website=Parliamentary Education Office|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924120143/http://questions.peo.gov.au/questions/does-australia-have-a-parliamentary-line-of-succession-to-the-prime-minister-and-if-so-what-is-the-order/22 |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref> If the prime minister were to die, then the deputy prime minister would be appointed prime minister by the governor-general, until the government votes for another member to be its leader.<ref name=":0" /> |
||
==Salary== |
==Salary== |
||
| Line 87: | Line 89: | ||
| [[John McEwen]] |
| [[John McEwen]] |
||
| [[National Party of Australia|Country]] <br /> <small>Leader 1958–71</small> |
| [[National Party of Australia|Country]] <br /> <small>Leader 1958–71</small> |
||
| [[Minister for Trade (Australia)|Trade and Industry]] |
| rowspan="3" | [[Minister for Trade (Australia)|Trade]] and [[Minister for Industry (Australia)|Industry]] |
||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1968|01|10}} |
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1968|01|10}} |
||
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|1971|02|05}} |
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|1971|02|05}} |
||
| Line 98: | Line 100: | ||
| rowspan="2" | [[Doug Anthony]] |
| rowspan="2" | [[Doug Anthony]] |
||
| rowspan="2" | [[National Party of Australia|Country]] <br /> <small>Leader 1971–84</small> |
| rowspan="2" | [[National Party of Australia|Country]] <br /> <small>Leader 1971–84</small> |
||
| rowspan="2" | [[Minister for Trade (Australia)|Trade and Industry]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1971|02|05}} |
| rowspan="2" align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1971|02|05}} |
||
| rowspan="2" align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|1972|12|05}} |
| rowspan="2" align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|1972|12|05}} |
||
| Line 108: | Line 109: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="background:{{party color|Australian Labor Party}}; color:black;" |3 |
! style="background:{{party color|Australian Labor Party}}; color:black;" |3 |
||
| [[Image: |
| [[Image:Lance_Barnard_1973_(1).jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[Lance Barnard]] |
| [[Lance Barnard]] |
||
| [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] <br /> <small>Deputy Leader 1967–74</small> |
| [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] <br /> <small>Deputy Leader 1967–74</small> |
||
| Line 121: | Line 122: | ||
| [[Image:Jim Cairns.jpg|60px]] |
| [[Image:Jim Cairns.jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[Jim Cairns]] |
| [[Jim Cairns]] |
||
| [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] <br |
| [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] <br> <small>Deputy Leader 1974–75</small> |
||
| [[Treasurer of Australia|Treasurer]] |
| [[Treasurer of Australia|Treasurer]] |
||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1974|06|12}} |
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1974|06|12}} |
||
| Line 128: | Line 129: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="background:{{party color|Australian Labor Party}}; color:black;" |5 |
! style="background:{{party color|Australian Labor Party}}; color:black;" |5 |
||
| [[Image: |
| [[Image:Frank_Crean_1973.jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[Frank Crean]] |
| [[Frank Crean]] |
||
| [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] <br |
| [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] <br> <small>Deputy Leader 1975</small> |
||
| [[Minister for Trade |
| [[Minister for Trade (Australia)|Overseas Trade]] |
||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1975|07|02}} |
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1975|07|02}} |
||
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|1975|11|11}} |
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|1975|11|11}} |
||
| Line 139: | Line 140: | ||
| [[File:Doug Anthony.jpg|60px]] |
| [[File:Doug Anthony.jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[Doug Anthony]] |
| [[Doug Anthony]] |
||
| [[National Party of Australia|Country National]] |
| [[National Party of Australia|Country National]]<br><small>Leader 1971–84</small> |
||
| [[Minister for Trade (Australia)|Trade and Industry]] |
| [[Minister for Trade (Australia)|Trade]] and [[Minister for Industry (Australia)|Industry]] |
||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1975|11|12}} |
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1975|11|12}} |
||
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|1983|03|11}} |
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|1983|03|11}} |
||
| align="right" | {{age in years and days|1975|11|12|1983|03|11}} |
| align="right" | '''{{age in years and days|1975|11|12|1983|03|11}}''' |
||
| {{Australian party style|Liberal}} | |
| {{Australian party style|Liberal}} | |
||
| [[Malcolm Fraser]] |
| [[Malcolm Fraser]] |
||
| Line 168: | Line 169: | ||
| {{Australian party style|Labor}} | |
| {{Australian party style|Labor}} | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=" |
! rowspan="5" style="background:{{party color|Australian Labor Party}}; color:black;" |8 |
||
| rowspan=" |
| rowspan="5" | [[File:Second Keating Cabinet 1994 (cropped Howe).jpg|60px]] |
||
| rowspan=" |
| rowspan="5" |[[Brian Howe (politician)|Brian Howe]] |
||
| rowspan=" |
| rowspan="5" |[[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] <br /> <small>Deputy Leader 1991–95</small> |
||
| rowspan="2" | [[Minister for Health and |
| rowspan="2" | [[Minister for Health and Aged Care|Health]], [[Minister for Housing (Australia)|Housing]] and [[Minister for Social Services|Community Services]], Assisting for Social Justice, Assisting for Commonwealth-State Relations |
||
| |
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1991|06|03}} |
||
| |
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|1991|12|20}} |
||
| rowspan=" |
| rowspan="5" align="right" | {{age in years and days|1991|06|03|1995|06|20}} |
||
| {{Australian party style|Labor}} | |
| {{Australian party style|Labor}} | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1991|12|20}} |
|||
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|1993|3|24}} |
|||
| {{Australian party style|Labor}} | |
|||
| rowspan="5" |[[Paul Keating]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Minister for Housing (Australia)|Housing]], [[Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government|Local Government]] and [[Minister for Social Services|Community Services]] |
|||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1993|3|24}} |
|||
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|1993|12|23}} |
|||
| {{Australian party style|Labor}} | |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Minister for Housing (Australia)|Housing]], [[Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government|Local Government]] and [[Minister for Government Services|Human Services]] |
|||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1993|12|23}} |
|||
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|1994|3|25}} |
|||
| {{Australian party style|Labor}} | |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Minister for Housing (Australia)|Housing]] and [[Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government|Regional Development]] |
|||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1994|3|25}} |
|||
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|1995|6|20}} |
|||
| {{Australian party style|Labor}} | |
| {{Australian party style|Labor}} | |
||
| rowspan="2" |[[Paul Keating]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="background:{{party color|Australian Labor Party}}; color:black;" |9 |
! style="background:{{party color|Australian Labor Party}}; color:black;" |9 |
||
| [[Image:Kim Beazley crop.jpg|60px]] |
| [[Image:Kim Beazley crop.jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[Kim Beazley]] |
| [[Kim Beazley]] |
||
| [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] <br |
| [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] <br> <small>Deputy Leader 1995–96</small> |
||
| [[Minister for Finance and Deregulation (Australia)|Finance]] |
| [[Minister for Finance and Deregulation (Australia)|Finance]] |
||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1995|06|20}} |
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1995|06|20}} |
||
| Line 194: | Line 212: | ||
| [[File:Tim Fischer.jpg|60px]] |
| [[File:Tim Fischer.jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[Tim Fischer]] |
| [[Tim Fischer]] |
||
| [[National Party of Australia|National]] <br |
| [[National Party of Australia|National]] <br> <small>Leader 1990–99</small> |
||
| [[Minister for Trade and Investment (Australia)|Trade]] |
| [[Minister for Trade and Investment (Australia)|Trade]] |
||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1996|03|11}} |
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1996|03|11}} |
||
| Line 205: | Line 223: | ||
| [[File:John Anderson at Newstead (cropped).jpg|60px]] |
| [[File:John Anderson at Newstead (cropped).jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[John Anderson (Australian politician)|John Anderson]] |
| [[John Anderson (Australian politician)|John Anderson]] |
||
| [[National Party of Australia|National]] <br |
| [[National Party of Australia|National]] <br> <small>Leader 1999–2005</small> |
||
| [[Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government |
| [[Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government|Transport and Regional Development]] |
||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1999|07|20}} |
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|1999|07|20}} |
||
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2005|07|06}} |
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2005|07|06}} |
||
| Line 214: | Line 232: | ||
| [[File:Mark Vaile (TM).jpg|60px]] |
| [[File:Mark Vaile (TM).jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[Mark Vaile]] |
| [[Mark Vaile]] |
||
| [[National Party of Australia|National]] <br |
| [[National Party of Australia|National]] <br> <small>Leader 2005–2007</small> |
||
| [[Minister for Trade and Investment (Australia)|Trade]]<br |
| [[Minister for Trade and Investment (Australia)|Trade]]<br>[[Minister for Infrastructure and Regional Development (Australia)|Transport and Regional Services]] |
||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2005|07|06}} |
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2005|07|06}} |
||
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2007|12|03}} |
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2007|12|03}} |
||
| Line 223: | Line 241: | ||
| [[Image:Julia Gillard 2010.jpg|60px]] |
| [[Image:Julia Gillard 2010.jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[Julia Gillard]] |
| [[Julia Gillard]] |
||
| [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]]<br |
| [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]]<br><small>Deputy Leader 2006–10</small> |
||
| [[Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations (Australia)|Employment and Workplace Relations]]<br |
| [[Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations (Australia)|Employment and Workplace Relations]]<br>[[Minister for Education (Australia)|Education]]<br>[[Minister for Social Inclusion (Australia)|Social Inclusion]] |
||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2007|12|03}} |
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2007|12|03}} |
||
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2010|06|24}} |
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2010|06|24}} |
||
| Line 234: | Line 252: | ||
| [[Image:Treasurer Wayne Swan, 2009, crop.jpg|60px]] |
| [[Image:Treasurer Wayne Swan, 2009, crop.jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[Wayne Swan]] |
| [[Wayne Swan]] |
||
| [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] <br |
| [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] <br> <small>Deputy Leader 2010–13</small> |
||
| [[Treasurer of Australia|Treasurer]] |
| [[Treasurer of Australia|Treasurer]] |
||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2010|06|24}} |
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2010|06|24}} |
||
| Line 246: | Line 264: | ||
| [[Anthony Albanese]] |
| [[Anthony Albanese]] |
||
| [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] <br /> <small>Deputy Leader 2013</small> |
| [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] <br /> <small>Deputy Leader 2013</small> |
||
| [[Minister for |
| [[Minister for Communications (Australia)|Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy]]<br>[[Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government|Infrastructure and Transport]] |
||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2013|06|27}} |
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2013|06|27}} |
||
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2013|09|18}} |
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2013|09|18}} |
||
| Line 257: | Line 275: | ||
| rowspan="2" | [[Warren Truss]] |
| rowspan="2" | [[Warren Truss]] |
||
| rowspan="2" | [[National Party of Australia|National]]<br /> <small>Leader 2007–16</small> |
| rowspan="2" | [[National Party of Australia|National]]<br /> <small>Leader 2007–16</small> |
||
| rowspan="2" | [[Minister for Infrastructure and |
| rowspan="2" | [[Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government|Infrastructure and Regional Development]] |
||
| rowspan="2" align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2013|09|18}} |
| rowspan="2" align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2013|09|18}} |
||
| rowspan="2" align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2016|02|18}} |
| rowspan="2" align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2016|02|18}} |
||
| rowspan="2" align="right" | {{age in years and days|2013|09|18|2016|02|18}} |
| rowspan="2" align="right" | {{age in years and days|2013|09|18|2016|02|18}} |
||
| rowspan=" |
| rowspan="8" {{Australian party style|Liberal}} | |
||
| [[Tony Abbott]] |
| [[Tony Abbott]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=" |
| rowspan="5" |[[Malcolm Turnbull]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=" |
! rowspan="3" style="background:{{party color|National Party of Australia}}; color:white;" |17 |
||
| rowspan=" |
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Barnaby Joyce portrait.jpg|60px]] |
||
| rowspan=" |
| rowspan="3" | [[Barnaby Joyce]] |
||
| rowspan=" |
| rowspan="3" | [[National Party of Australia|National]]<br><small>Leader 2016–18</small> |
||
|[[Minister for Agriculture |
|[[Minister for Agriculture (Australia)|Agriculture]] and [[Minister for Water Resources|Water Resources]]<br>[[Minister for Resources|Resources]] and [[Minister for Northern Australia (Australia)|Northern Australia]] (2017) |
||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2016|02|18}} |
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2016|02|18}} |
||
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2017|10|27}} |
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2017|10|27}} |
||
| align="right |
| align="right" | {{age in years and days|2016|02|18|2017|10|27}} |
||
|- |
|||
!colspan=4 style="background: #cccccc;" | |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Minister for Infrastructure and Transport|Infrastructure and Transport]] |
|[[Minister for Infrastructure and Transport|Infrastructure and Transport]] |
||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2017|12|6}} |
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2017|12|6}} |
||
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2018|02|26}} |
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2018|02|26}} |
||
| align="right" | {{age in years and days|2017|12|6|2018|02|26}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|National Party of Australia}}; color:white;" |18 |
! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|National Party of Australia}}; color:white;" |18 |
||
| Line 283: | Line 304: | ||
| rowspan="2" | [[Michael McCormack (Australian politician)|Michael McCormack]] |
| rowspan="2" | [[Michael McCormack (Australian politician)|Michael McCormack]] |
||
| rowspan="2" | [[National Party of Australia|National]]<br /> <small>Leader 2018–2021</small> |
| rowspan="2" | [[National Party of Australia|National]]<br /> <small>Leader 2018–2021</small> |
||
| rowspan=" |
| rowspan="3" | [[Minister for Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Development|Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Development]] |
||
| rowspan="2" align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2018|02|26}} |
| rowspan="2" align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2018|02|26}} |
||
| rowspan="2" align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2021|06|22}} |
| rowspan="2" align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2021|06|22}} |
||
| Line 294: | Line 315: | ||
|[[Barnaby Joyce]] |
|[[Barnaby Joyce]] |
||
|[[National Party of Australia|National]]<br /> <small>Leader 2021–2022</small> |
|[[National Party of Australia|National]]<br /> <small>Leader 2021–2022</small> |
||
|[[Minister for Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Development|Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Development]]<br /> |
|||
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2021|06|22}} |
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2021|06|22}} |
||
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2022|05|23}} |
| align="center" | {{end date|df=yes|2022|05|23}} |
||
| Line 300: | Line 320: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="background:{{party color|Australian Labor Party}}; color:black;" |19 |
! style="background:{{party color|Australian Labor Party}}; color:black;" |19 |
||
|[[File:Richard Marles |
| [[File:Richard Marles in Feb 2023.jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[Richard Marles]] |
| [[Richard Marles]] |
||
| [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] <br /> <small>Deputy Leader 2019–present</small> |
| [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] <br /> <small>Deputy Leader 2019–present</small> |
||
| Line 309: | Line 329: | ||
| {{Australian party style|Labor}} | |
| {{Australian party style|Labor}} | |
||
| [[Anthony Albanese]] |
| [[Anthony Albanese]] |
||
|} |
|||
==Living former deputy prime ministers== |
|||
As of {{Monthyear}}, there are 11 living former deputy prime ministers of Australia, the oldest being [[Brian Howe (politician)|Brian Howe]] (born 1936). The most recent former deputy prime minister to die was [[Doug Anthony]] (1971–72, 1975–83), on 20 December 2020. |
|||
* [[Paul Keating]] (1990–91) |
|||
* [[Brian Howe (politician)|Brian Howe]] (1991–95) |
|||
* [[Kim Beazley]] (1995–96) |
|||
* [[John Anderson (Australian politician)|John Anderson]] (1999–2005) |
|||
* [[Mark Vaile]] (2005–07) |
|||
* [[Julia Gillard]] (2007–10) |
|||
* [[Wayne Swan]] (2010–13) |
|||
* [[Anthony Albanese]] (2013) |
|||
* [[Warren Truss]] (2013–16) |
|||
* [[Michael McCormack (Australian politician)|Michael McCormack]] (2018–21) |
|||
* [[Barnaby Joyce]] (2016–18, 2021–22) |
|||
== Informal deputy prime ministers == |
|||
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2017}} |
|||
The office of Deputy Prime Minister was created in January 1968 but prior to that time the term was used unofficially for the second-highest ranking minister in the government. |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
! colspan=2|Name |
|||
! Picture |
|||
! colspan=2|Term of office |
|||
! Political party and position |
|||
! Ministerial Offices |
|||
! colspan=2 width=150|Prime Minister |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Protectionist Party}}" | |
|||
| [[Alfred Deakin]] |
|||
| [[Image:AlfredDeakinA-G.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1901 |
|||
| 1903 |
|||
| [[Protectionist Party]]<br /><small>Deputy Leader 1901–03</small> |
|||
| [[Attorney-General of Australia|Attorney-General]]<br />Acting Prime Minister 1902 |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Protectionist Party}}" | |
|||
| [[Edmund Barton]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Protectionist Party}}" | |
|||
| [[William Lyne]] |
|||
| [[Image:Williamlyne.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1903 |
|||
| 1904 |
|||
| Protectionist Party<br /><small>Deputy Leader 1903–09</small> |
|||
| [[Minister for Trade (Australia)|Minister for Trade and Customs]] |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Protectionist Party}}" | |
|||
| [[Alfred Deakin]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| [[Gregor McGregor]] |
|||
| [[Image:Gregor McGregor1.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1904 |
|||
| 1904 |
|||
| [[Australian Labor Party]]<br /><small>Deputy Leader 1901–14</small> |
|||
| [[Vice-President of the Executive Council]] |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| [[Chris Watson]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Protectionist Party}}" | |
|||
| [[Allan McLean (Australian politician)|Allan McLean]] |
|||
| [[Image:19Allanmclean.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1904 |
|||
| 1905 |
|||
| [[Protectionist Party]] |
|||
| [[Minister for Trade and Investment (Australia)|Minister for Trade and Customs]] |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|Free Trade Party}}; color:white;" | |
|||
| [[George Reid (Australian politician)|George Reid]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Protectionist Party}}" | |
|||
| [[William Lyne]] |
|||
| [[Image:Williamlyne.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1905 |
|||
| 1908 |
|||
| Protectionist Party<br /><small>Deputy Leader 1903–09</small> |
|||
| Minister for Trade and Customs <br /> [[Treasurer of Australia|Treasurer]] |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Protectionist Party}}" | |
|||
| [[Alfred Deakin]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| [[Gregor McGregor]] |
|||
| [[Image:Gregor McGregor1.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1908 |
|||
| 1909 |
|||
| Australian Labor Party<br /><small>Deputy Leader 1901–14</small> |
|||
| Vice-President of the Executive Council |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| [[Andrew Fisher]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|Commonwealth Liberal}}; color:white;" | |
|||
| [[Joseph Cook]] |
|||
| [[Image:Joseph Cook - Broothorn Studios.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1909 |
|||
| 1910 |
|||
| [[Commonwealth Liberal Party]] <br /> <small>Deputy Leader 1909–13</small> |
|||
| [[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister for Defence]] |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|Commonwealth Liberal}}; color:white;" | |
|||
| [[Alfred Deakin]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| [[Gregor McGregor]] |
|||
| [[Image:Gregor McGregor1.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1910 |
|||
| 1913 |
|||
| Australian Labor Party<br /><small>Deputy Leader 1901–14</small> |
|||
| Vice-President of the Executive Council |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| [[Andrew Fisher]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|Commonwealth Liberal}}; color:white;" | |
|||
| [[John Forrest]] |
|||
| [[Image:JohnForrest1909.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1913 |
|||
| 1914 |
|||
| Commonwealth Liberal Party<br /><small>Deputy Leader 1913–16</small> |
|||
| Treasurer |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|Commonwealth Liberal}}; color:white;" | |
|||
| [[Joseph Cook]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| [[Billy Hughes]] |
|||
| [[Image:Billy Hughes 1915.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1914 |
|||
| 1915 |
|||
| Australian Labor Party<br /><small>Deputy Leader 1914–15</small> |
|||
| Attorney-General <br /> Acting Prime Minister 1915 |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| [[Andrew Fisher]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| rowspan="2" | [[George Pearce]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | [[Image:Sir George Pearce.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1915 |
|||
| 1916 |
|||
| Australian Labor Party <br /> <small>Deputy Leader 1915–16</small> |
|||
| rowspan="2" | Minister for Defence <br />Acting Prime Minister 1916 |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| rowspan="4" | [[Billy Hughes]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Party of Australia}}" | |
|||
| 1916 |
|||
| 1917 |
|||
| [[National Labor Party]] <br /> <small>Deputy Leader 1916–17</small> |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Party of Australia}}" | |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Party of Australia}}" | |
|||
| [[William Watt (Australian politician)|William Watt]] |
|||
| [[Image:24Williamwatt.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1918 |
|||
| 1920 |
|||
| [[Nationalist Party of Australia|Nationalist]]<br /><small>Deputy Leader 1918–20</small> |
|||
| Treasurer <br /> Acting Prime Minister 1918–19 |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Party of Australia}}" | |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Party of Australia}}" | |
|||
| [[Joseph Cook]] |
|||
| [[Image:Sir Joseph Cook.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1917 |
|||
| 1921 |
|||
| [[Nationalist Party of Australia|Nationalist]] <br /> <small>Deputy Leader 1920–21</small> |
|||
| [[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister for the Navy]]<br />Treasurer <br /> acting Prime Minister May–September 1921 |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Party of Australia}}" | |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|National Party of Australia}}" | |
|||
| [[Earle Page]] |
|||
| [[Image:Earle Page 1920.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1923 |
|||
| 1929 |
|||
| [[National Party of Australia|Country Party]] <br /> <small>Leader 1921–39</small> |
|||
| Treasurer |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Party of Australia}}" | |
|||
| [[Stanley Bruce]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| [[Ted Theodore]] |
|||
| [[Image:Ted Theodore 1931.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1929 |
|||
| 1932 |
|||
| Australian Labor Party <br /> <small>Deputy Leader 1929–32</small> |
|||
| [[Treasurer of Australia|Treasurer]] |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| [[James Scullin]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| [[James Fenton (Australian politician)|James Fenton]] |
|||
| [[Image:James Fenton.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1930 |
|||
| 1931 |
|||
| Australian Labor Party <br /> <small>Temporary Leader 1929–32</small> |
|||
| Acting Prime Minister 1930–31 |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| [[James Scullin]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|United Australia Party}}" | |
|||
| [[John Latham (judge)|John Latham]] |
|||
| [[Image:Johnlatham.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1932 |
|||
| 1934 |
|||
| [[United Australia Party]] <br /> <small>Deputy Leader 1932–34</small> |
|||
| Attorney-General <br />[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)|Minister for External Affairs]] <br />[[Minister for Innovation, Industry, Science and Research (Australia)|Minister for Industry]] |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|United Australia Party}}" rowspan="3" | |
|||
| rowspan="3" | [[Joseph Lyons]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|United Australia Party}}" | |
|||
| [[George Pearce]] |
|||
| [[Image:Sir George Pearce.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1934 |
|||
| 1934 |
|||
| United Australia Party <br /> <small>Deputy Leader 1934</small> |
|||
| [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)|Minister for External Affairs]]<br />[[Minister for Home Affairs (Australia)|Minister in Charge of Territories]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|National Party of Australia}}" | |
|||
| [[Earle Page]] |
|||
| [[Image:Earle Page.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1934 |
|||
| 1939 |
|||
| Country Party <br /> <small>Leader 1921–39</small> |
|||
| [[Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (Australia)|Minister for Commerce]]<br />[[Minister for Health and Ageing (Australia)|Minister for Health]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|National Party of Australia}}" | |
|||
| [[Archie Cameron]] |
|||
| [[Image:Archie Cameron 1940.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1940 |
|||
| 1940 |
|||
| Country Party <br /> <small>Leader 1939–40</small> |
|||
| [[Minister for Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy (Australia)|Postmaster-General]]<br />[[Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (Australia)|Minister for Commerce]]<br />Minister for the Navy |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|United Australia Party}}" rowspan="2" | |
|||
| rowspan="2" | [[Robert Menzies]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|National Party of Australia}}" | |
|||
| [[Arthur Fadden]] |
|||
| [[Image:FaddenPEO.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1940 |
|||
| 1941 |
|||
| Country Party<br /> <small>Leader 1940–58</small> |
|||
| [[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister for the Air]]<br />[[Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government (Australia)|Minister for Civil Aviation]]<br />[[Treasurer of Australia|Treasurer]]<br />Acting Prime Minister 1940 |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|United Australia Party}}" | |
|||
| [[Robert Menzies]] |
|||
| [[File:Robert Menzies in 1939.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1941 |
|||
| 1941 |
|||
| United Australia Party<br /><small>Leader 1939–41</small> |
|||
| [[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister for Defence Co-ordination]] |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|National Party of Australia}}" | |
|||
| [[Arthur Fadden]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" rowspan="2" | |
|||
| rowspan="2" | [[Frank Forde]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | [[Image:Frank Forde 1941 crop.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | 1941 |
|||
| rowspan="2" | 1946 |
|||
| rowspan="2" | Australian Labor Party<br /><small>Deputy Leader 1932–46</small> |
|||
| rowspan="2" | [[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Minister for the Army]] <br /> Minister for Defence <br />Acting Prime Minister April–July 1944, November 1944 – January 1945, Prime Minister for one week in 1945 |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| [[John Curtin]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| rowspan="2" | [[Ben Chifley]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
| [[H. V. Evatt]] |
|||
| [[Image:Herbert V. Evatt.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1946 |
|||
| 1949 |
|||
| Australian Labor Party<br /><small>Deputy Leader 1946–51</small> |
|||
| [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)|Minister for External Affairs]] <br /> Attorney-General |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Australian Labor Party}}" | |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|National Party of Australia}}" | |
|||
| [[Arthur Fadden]] |
|||
| [[Image:Arthur Fadden.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| 1949 |
|||
| 1958 |
|||
| Country Party<br /> <small>Leader 1940–58</small> |
|||
| [[Treasurer of Australia|Treasurer]] |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party of Australia}}" | |
|||
| rowspan="2" | [[Robert Menzies]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|National Party of Australia}}" rowspan="2" | |
|||
| rowspan="2" | [[John McEwen]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | [[Image:John McEwen 1957.jpg|60px]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | 1958 |
|||
| rowspan="2" |1967 |
|||
| rowspan="2" | Country Party <br /> <small>Leader 1958–71</small> |
|||
| rowspan="2" | [[Minister for Trade (Australia)|Minister for Trade and Industry]]<br /> Acting Prime Minister June–July 1965 |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party of Australia}}" | |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party of Australia}}" | |
|||
| [[Harold Holt]] |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
| Line 610: | Line 341: | ||
{{Deputy heads of government of Oceania}} |
{{Deputy heads of government of Oceania}} |
||
[[Category:Deputy |
[[Category:Deputy prime ministers of Australia| ]] |
||
[[Category:Lists of government ministers of Australia]] |
[[Category:Lists of government ministers of Australia]] |
||
[[Category:Prime Minister of Australia]] |
[[Category:Prime Minister of Australia]] |
||
Revision as of 08:00, 14 June 2024
| Deputy Prime Minister of Australia | |
|---|---|
 | |
.svg) | |
 | |
| Executive branch of the Australian Government[broken anchor] Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet | |
| Style | The Honourable |
| Abbreviation | DPM |
| Member of | |
| Reports to | Prime Minister |
| Seat | Canberra |
| Nominator | Prime Minister |
| Appointer | Governor-General of Australia on the advice of the prime minister |
| Term length | At the Governor-General's pleasure |
| Formation | 10 January 1968 |
| First holder | John McEwen |
| Salary | AU$416,212 |
| This article is part of a series on the |
| Politics of Australia |
|---|
|
| Constitution |
|
|
 Australia portal |
The deputy prime minister of Australia is the deputy chief executive and the second highest ranking officer of the Australian Government. The office of deputy prime minister was officially created as a ministerial portfolio in 1968, although the title had been used informally for many years previously. The deputy prime minister is appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the prime minister. When Australia has a Labor government, the deputy leader of the parliamentary party holds the position of deputy prime minister. When Australia has a Coalition government, the Coalition Agreement mandates that all Coalition members support the leader of the Liberal Party becoming prime minister and the leader of the National Party becoming the deputy prime minister.[1]
The 2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis resulted in the position being made vacant for the first time since its official creation. Barnaby Joyce, the then-incumbent, was ruled ineligible to be a member of parliament by the High Court of Australia sitting as the Court of Disputed Returns on 27 October 2017, as he held New Zealand citizenship at the time of his election in contravention of Section 44 of the Constitution of Australia. Julie Bishop would act in the place of the prime minister during the vacancy in the deputy premiership.[2][3] Joyce regained the position on 6 December 2017[4] after he won the by-election for the seat of New England several days earlier.[3]
History
Originally the position of deputy prime minister was an unofficial or honorary position accorded to the second-highest ranking minister in the government. The unofficial position acquired more significance following the 1922 federal election, which saw the governing Nationalist Party lose its parliamentary majority. The Nationalists eventually reached a coalition agreement with the Country Party, which called for Country Party leader Earle Page to take the second rank in the Nationalist-led ministry of Stanley Bruce. While Page's only official title was Treasurer, he was considered as a deputy to Bruce.[5]
Although no office of that name had officially been created, by 1946 the title "deputy prime minister" was being used in the Commonwealth of Australia Gazette.[6]
From then until 1968, the Coalition agreement between the Liberals (and their predecessors) and Country Party called for the leader of the Country Party (subsequently the National Party) to rank second in Cabinet. That continues to be case when the Coalition is in government.[1] In the case of Labor governments, the party's deputy leader ranks second in Cabinet.
On 19 December 1967, John McEwen, the long-serving leader of the Country Party in the Coalition government, was sworn in as interim prime minister following the sudden disappearance and presumed death of Prime Minister Harold Holt. There was discussion that deputy Liberal leader and Treasurer William McMahon should assume the office. McMahon had planned a party room meeting on 20 December to elect a new leader, intending to stand for the position himself. However, this was pre-empted by McEwen who publicly declared on the morning of 18 December that he would not serve in a McMahon government. McEwen was sworn in as prime minister on the understanding that his commission would continue only so long as it took for the Liberals to elect a new leader. Governor-General Lord Casey also accepted the view put to him by McEwen that to commission a Liberal temporarily as prime minister would give that person an unfair advantage in the forthcoming party room ballot for the permanent leader. McEwen's appointment was in keeping with the previous occasion when the main non-Labor party was without a leader; Earle Page of the Country Party was interim prime minister between 7 and 26 April 1939—the period between Joseph Lyons' sudden death and the United Australia Party naming Robert Menzies his successor.
The Liberal leadership ballot was rescheduled for 9 January 1968. As it turned out, McMahon did not stand, and Senator John Gorton was elected, replacing McEwen as prime minister on 10 January 1968.[7] McEwen reverted to his previous status as the second-ranking member of the government, as per the Coalition agreement. He had unofficially been deputy prime minister since becoming Country Party leader in 1958, and since 1966 had exercised an effective veto over government policy by virtue of being the longest-serving member of the government; he had been a member of the Coalition frontbench without interruption since 1937. To acknowledge McEwen's long service and his status as the second-ranking member of the government, Gorton formally created the post of deputy prime minister, with McEwen as the first holder of the post.
According to parliamentary records, in the time before the position of deputy prime minister was officially created, the position was known as "deputy leader of the Government."[8]
Since 1968 only three deputy prime ministers have gone on to become prime minister, all of them are Labor Party's politicians: Paul Keating, Julia Gillard, and Anthony Albanese. Both Keating and Gillard succeeded incumbent prime ministers who lost the support of their party caucus mid-term. Meanwhile, Albanese who briefly served as deputy prime minister in 2013, later led the Labor party to victory at the 2022 Australian federal election, and was sworn-in as prime minister on 23 May 2022.[9] Frank Forde, who had been deputy Labor leader when John Curtin died, was interim prime minister between 6 and 13 July 1945, when a leadership ballot took place that elected Ben Chifley as Curtin's successor.
In November 2007, when the Labor Party won government, Julia Gillard became Australia's first female, and first foreign-born, deputy prime minister.
In 2017, the position became vacant for a period of 40 days, the only time in its history when it has been unoccupied. As part of the 2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis, it emerged that the then-incumbent Barnaby Joyce was a citizen of New Zealand by descent (jus sanguinis – by right of blood) at the time of the 2016 federal election.[10] Joyce told the House of Representatives that he was advised of his citizenship status on 10 August 2017 by the New Zealand High Commission[11] and his renunciation of his dual citizenship became effective on 15 August 2017.[12] Nevertheless, he asked for his case to be referred to the High Court of Australia (sitting as the Court of Disputed Returns) for adjudication,[10] and they ruled that his election was invalid under section 44 of the Constitution of Australia.[2][3] The government immediately issued writs for a by-election for the seat of New England to be held on 2 December 2017, which Joyce won easily.[3] Governor-General Sir Peter Cosgrove re-appointed Joyce as deputy prime minister on 6 December 2017.[4]
In practice, only National party leaders or Labor Party deputy leaders have held the position.
Duties
The deputy prime minister has always been a member of the Cabinet, and has always held at least one substantive portfolio. It would be technically possible for a minister to hold only the portfolio of deputy prime minister, but this has never happened.
Succession
The deputy prime minister becomes acting prime minister if the prime minister is unable to undertake their role for a short time, for example if they are ill, overseas or on leave (and if both are unavailable, then another senior minister takes on this role).[13] If the prime minister were to die, then the deputy prime minister would be appointed prime minister by the governor-general, until the government votes for another member to be its leader.[13]
Salary
Members of parliament receive a base salary of $203,030, which is set by the Remuneration Tribunal (an independent statutory authority). Ministers receive an additional amount, which is determined by the government itself based on the recommendations of the Remuneration Tribunal.[14] The deputy prime minister receives an additional 105 percent of the base salary, making for a total salary of $416,212.[15] The holder of the office also receives various other allowances and entitlements.[14]
List of deputy prime ministers of Australia
The following individuals have been officially appointed as deputy prime minister of Australia since the office of deputy prime minister was created as a ministerial portfolio in 1968:[16][17]
| No. | Portrait | Deputy Prime Minister | Political Party and position |
Portfolio(s) | Term of office | Prime Minister | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
| 1 | 
|
John McEwen | Country Leader 1958–71 |
Trade and Industry | 10 January 1968 | 5 February 1971 | 3 years, 26 days | John Gorton | |
| 2 | 
|
Doug Anthony | Country Leader 1971–84 |
5 February 1971 | 5 December 1972 | 1 year, 304 days | |||
| William McMahon | |||||||||
| 3 | .jpg)
|
Lance Barnard | Labor Deputy Leader 1967–74 |
Defence | 5 December 1972 | 12 June 1974 | 1 year, 189 days | Gough Whitlam | |
| 4 | 
|
Jim Cairns | Labor Deputy Leader 1974–75 |
Treasurer | 12 June 1974 | 2 July 1975 | 1 year, 20 days | ||
| 5 | 
|
Frank Crean | Labor Deputy Leader 1975 |
Overseas Trade | 2 July 1975 | 11 November 1975 | 132 days | ||
| (2) | 
|
Doug Anthony | Country National Leader 1971–84 |
Trade and Industry | 12 November 1975 | 11 March 1983 | 7 years, 119 days | Malcolm Fraser | |
| 6 | 
|
Lionel Bowen | Labor Deputy Leader 1977–90 |
Trade Attorney-General |
11 March 1983 | 4 April 1990 | 7 years, 24 days | Bob Hawke | |
| 7 | 
|
Paul Keating | Labor Deputy Leader 1990–91 |
Treasurer | 4 April 1990 | 3 June 1991 | 1 year, 60 days | ||
| 8 | .jpg)
|
Brian Howe | Labor Deputy Leader 1991–95 |
Health, Housing and Community Services, Assisting for Social Justice, Assisting for Commonwealth-State Relations | 3 June 1991 | 20 December 1991 | 4 years, 17 days | ||
| 20 December 1991 | 24 March 1993 | Paul Keating | |||||||
| Housing, Local Government and Community Services | 24 March 1993 | 23 December 1993 | |||||||
| Housing, Local Government and Human Services | 23 December 1993 | 25 March 1994 | |||||||
| Housing and Regional Development | 25 March 1994 | 20 June 1995 | |||||||
| 9 | 
|
Kim Beazley | Labor Deputy Leader 1995–96 |
Finanzbranche | 20 June 1995 | 11 March 1996 | 265 days | ||
| 10 | 
|
Tim Fischer | National Leader 1990–99 |
Trade | 11 March 1996 | 20 July 1999 | 3 years, 131 days | John Howard | |
| 11 | .jpg)
|
John Anderson | National Leader 1999–2005 |
Transport and Regional Development | 20 July 1999 | 6 July 2005 | 5 years, 351 days | ||
| 12 | .jpg)
|
Mark Vaile | National Leader 2005–2007 |
Trade Transport and Regional Services |
6 July 2005 | 3 December 2007 | 2 years, 150 days | ||
| 13 | 
|
Julia Gillard | Labor Deputy Leader 2006–10 |
Employment and Workplace Relations Education Social Inclusion |
3 December 2007 | 24 June 2010 | 2 years, 203 days | Kevin Rudd | |
| 14 | 
|
Wayne Swan | Labor Deputy Leader 2010–13 |
Treasurer | 24 June 2010 | 27 June 2013 | 3 years, 3 days | Julia Gillard | |
| 15 | 
|
Anthony Albanese | Labor Deputy Leader 2013 |
Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy Infrastructure and Transport |
27 June 2013 | 18 September 2013 | 83 days | Kevin Rudd | |
| 16 | 
|
Warren Truss | National Leader 2007–16 |
Infrastructure and Regional Development | 18 September 2013 | 18 February 2016 | 2 years, 153 days | Tony Abbott | |
| Malcolm Turnbull | |||||||||
| 17 | 
|
Barnaby Joyce | National Leader 2016–18 |
Agriculture and Water Resources Resources and Northern Australia (2017) |
18 February 2016 | 27 October 2017 | 1 year, 251 days | ||
| Infrastructure and Transport | 6 December 2017 | 26 February 2018 | 82 days | ||||||
| 18 | .jpg)
|
Michael McCormack | National Leader 2018–2021 |
Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Development | 26 February 2018 | 22 June 2021 | 3 years, 116 days | ||
| Scott Morrison | |||||||||
| (17) |
|
Barnaby Joyce | National Leader 2021–2022 |
22 June 2021 | 23 May 2022 | 335 days | |||
| 19 |
|
Richard Marles | Labor Deputy Leader 2019–present |
Defence | 23 May 2022 | Incumbent | 2 years, 102 days | Anthony Albanese | |
References
- ^ a b Koziol, Michael; Bagshaw, Eryk (16 February 2018). "Why can't Malcolm Turnbull sack Barnaby Joyce?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
- ^ a b Massola, James (27 October 2017). "High Court citizenship verdict: Barnaby Joyce facing byelection in hammer blow to Turnbull government". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
- ^ a b c d Green, Antony (2017). "2017 New England by-election – Guide". ABC News (Online). News and Current Affairs Division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
Green, Antony (15 January 2018). "2017 New England by-election – Commentary". ABC News (Online). News and Current Affairs Division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 24 February 2018. - ^ a b Murphy, Jamieson (6 December 2017). "Barnaby Joyce is once again the Deputy Prime Minister after being sworn in". Northern Daily Leader. Rural Press. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
- ^ PrimeFacts: Deputy Prime Ministers of Australia
- ^ "Australian Imperial Force Canteens Fund Act 1920 – Notice Under Section 8". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 17 October 1946.
- ^ "Before office - William McMahon - Australia's PMs - Australia's Prime Ministers". Archived from the original on 12 September 2009.
- ^ "ParlInfo - Biography for EVATT, the Rt. Hon. Herbert Vere, QC".
- ^ Doyle, Michael (22 May 2022). "Labor, Anthony Albanese make history with 2022 federal election victory". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
- ^ a b Gartrell, Adam; Remeikis, Amy (14 August 2017). "Barnaby Joyce refers himself to High Court over potential dual citizenship". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
- ^ Barnaby Joyce, Deputy Prime Minister (14 August 2017). "Parliamentary Representation" (PDF). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Commonwealth of Australia: House of Representatives. p. 8185. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
Last Thursday afternoon the New Zealand High Commission contacted me to advise that, on the basis of preliminary advice from their Department of Internal Affairs, which had received inquiries from the New Zealand Labour Party, they considered that I may be a citizen by descent of New Zealand.
- ^ Vielleris, Renee (15 August 2017). "Documentary evidence Barnaby Joyce has renounced his NZ citizenship". news.com.au. News Corp Australia. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
- ^ a b "Does Australia have a parliamentary line of succession to the prime minister and if so, what is the order?". Parliamentary Education Office. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ a b Determination 2017/23: Members of Parliament, Remuneration Tribunal. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- ^ Report on Ministers of State - Salaries Additional to the Basic Parliamentary Salary, Remuneration Tribunal. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- ^ "Ministries and Cabinets". 43rd Parliamentary Handbook: Historical information on the Australian Parliament. Parliament of Australia. 2010. Archived from the original on 13 August 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
- ^ "Deputy Prime Ministers of Australia" (PDF). Museum of Australian Democracy. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
External links
| ||
