1938 United States Senate elections: Difference between revisions
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A contemporary account<ref>{{Cite book | title=1939 Britannica Book of the Year, "Democratic Party" | pages=205–206}}</ref> cited a number of reasons for the losses suffered by the Democrats. The Recession of 1937 had continued into the first half of 1938, and had arguably weakened public confidence in the administration's [[New Deal]] economic policies, along with controversy over the [[Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937]] (Roosevelt's "court-packing" plan). |
A contemporary account<ref>{{Cite book | title=1939 Britannica Book of the Year, "Democratic Party" | pages=205–206}}</ref> cited a number of reasons for the losses suffered by the Democrats. The Recession of 1937 had continued into the first half of 1938, and had arguably weakened public confidence in the administration's [[New Deal]] economic policies, along with controversy over the [[Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937]] (Roosevelt's "court-packing" plan). |
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There were, in addition, strains between the more liberal New Deal supporters and the conservative wing of the Democratic party centered in the Southern states, which were exacerbated by an effort led by President Roosevelt to target certain conservative senators for defeat in Democratic primaries, including [[Walter F. George|Walter George]] of [[#Georgia|Georgia]], [[Millard Tydings]] of [[#Maryland|Maryland]], [[Robert Rice Reynolds]] of [[#North Carolina|North Carolina]], and [[Ellison Smith]] of [[#South Carolina|South Carolina]]. While a number of New Deal supporters won primary elections, such as [[Alben Barkley]] in [[#Kentucky|Kentucky]], who defeated [[Governor of Kentucky|Governor]] [[Happy Chandler]], [[James P. Pope]] of [[#Idaho|Idaho]], a prominent New Deal supporter, lost his bid for re-nomination, as did [[#California|California]]'s [[William Gibbs McAdoo|William McAdoo]] — though McAdoo's Democratic opponent, [[Sheridan Downey]], had campaigned as a liberal New Dealer on many issues who would also do more to improve pension plans.<ref name="google">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/life0000geor |title=LIFE |publisher=Time Inc |year=1994 |page=[https://archive.org/details/life0000geor/page/13 13] |issn=0024-3019 |access-date=October 5, 2014 |url-access=registration}}</ref> |
There were, in addition, strains between the more liberal New Deal supporters and the conservative wing of the Democratic party centered in the Southern states, which were exacerbated by an effort led by President Roosevelt to target certain conservative senators for defeat in Democratic primaries, including [[Walter F. George|Walter George]] of [[#Georgia|Georgia]], [[Millard Tydings]] of [[#Maryland|Maryland]], [[Robert Rice Reynolds]] of [[#North Carolina|North Carolina]], and [[Ellison Smith]] of [[#South Carolina|South Carolina]]. While a number of New Deal supporters won primary elections, such as [[Alben Barkley]] in [[#Kentucky|Kentucky]], who defeated [[Governor of Kentucky|Governor]] [[Happy Chandler]], [[James P. Pope]] of [[#Idaho|Idaho]], a prominent New Deal supporter, lost his bid for re-nomination, as did [[#California|California]]'s [[William Gibbs McAdoo|William McAdoo]] — though McAdoo's Democratic opponent, [[Sheridan Downey]], had campaigned as a liberal New Dealer on many issues who would also do more to improve pension plans.<ref name="google">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/life0000geor |title=LIFE |publisher=Time Inc |year=1994 |page=[https://archive.org/details/life0000geor/page/13 13] |isbn=978-0-88682-602-4 |issn=0024-3019 |access-date=October 5, 2014 |url-access=registration}}</ref> |
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President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] had faced opposition from conservative Democrats and the Republicans in [[United States Congress|Congress]] since the beginning of his presidency. [[Josiah Bailey]], [[Edward R. Burke]], [[Harry F. Byrd]], [[James F. Byrnes]], [[Walter F. George]], [[Peter G. Gerry]], [[Carter Glass]], [[Pat Harrison]], [[Rush Holt Sr.]], [[Kenneth McKellar (politician)|Kenneth McKellar]], and [[Ellison D. Smith]] were the conservative Democratic senators that opposed Roosevelt's policies although Harrison, Burke, Byrnes, and McKellar had initially supported the [[First New Deal]]. Vice President [[John Nance Garner]] pushed for Roosevelt to support more conservative policies. The Republicans gained eight seats in the Senate while the Democrats maintained their majority. However, there were around twenty unreliable Democratic votes for Roosevelt which allowed conservatives to block some of his policies.<ref name="book">{{cite book |last=Murphy |first=Paul |date=1974 |title=Political Parties In American History, Volume 3, 1890-present |publisher=[[G. P. Putnam's Sons]]}}</ref> |
President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] had faced opposition from conservative Democrats and the Republicans in [[United States Congress|Congress]] since the beginning of his presidency. [[Josiah Bailey]], [[Edward R. Burke]], [[Harry F. Byrd]], [[James F. Byrnes]], [[Walter F. George]], [[Peter G. Gerry]], [[Carter Glass]], [[Pat Harrison]], [[Rush Holt Sr.]], [[Kenneth McKellar (politician)|Kenneth McKellar]], and [[Ellison D. Smith]] were the conservative Democratic senators that opposed Roosevelt's policies although Harrison, Burke, Byrnes, and McKellar had initially supported the [[First New Deal]]. Vice President [[John Nance Garner]] pushed for Roosevelt to support more conservative policies. The Republicans gained eight seats in the Senate while the Democrats maintained their majority. However, there were around twenty unreliable Democratic votes for Roosevelt which allowed conservatives to block some of his policies.<ref name="book">{{cite book |last=Murphy |first=Paul |date=1974 |title=Political Parties In American History, Volume 3, 1890-present |publisher=[[G. P. Putnam's Sons]]}}</ref> |
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== Gains, losses, and holds == |
== Gains, losses, and holds == |
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===Retirements=== |
===Retirements=== |
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One Democrat retired instead of seeking re-election, one Democrat retired instead of seeking election to finish the unexpired term and one Democrat retired instead of seeking election to finish the unexpired term and election to a full term. |
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Three Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election. |
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{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|Alfred E.|Reames}} |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|Alfred E.|Reames}} |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sortname|Rufus C.|Holman}} |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sortname|Rufus C.|Holman}} |
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|- |
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! [[#South Dakota (special)|South Dakota (special)]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | |
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{{sortname|Herbert E.|Hitchcock}} |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | |
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{{sortname|Gladys|Pyle}} |
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|} |
|} |
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===Defeats=== |
===Defeats=== |
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Seven Democrats sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election. One Democrat sought election to a full term but lost in the primary election and one Democrat sought election to finish the unexpired term but lost in the primary election. |
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{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |
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! [[#Idaho|Idaho]] |
! [[#Idaho|Idaho]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|James P.|Pope}} |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|James P.|Pope}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname| |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|D. Worth|Clark}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[#Kansas|Kansas]] |
! [[#Kansas|Kansas]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|George|McGill}} |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|George|McGill|dab=Kansas politician}} |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sortname|Clyde M.|Reed}} |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sortname|Clyde M.|Reed}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|Fred H.|Brown}} |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|Fred H.|Brown}} |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sortname|Charles W.|Tobey}} |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sortname|Charles W.|Tobey}} |
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|- |
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! [[#New Jersey|New Jersey]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|John Gerald|Milton}} |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sortname|William Warren|Barbour}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[#Ohio|Ohio]] |
! [[#Ohio|Ohio]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|Robert J.|Bulkley}} |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|Robert J.|Bulkley}} |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sortname|Robert A.|Taft}} |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sortname|Robert A.|Taft}} |
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|- |
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! [[#South Dakota (special)|South Dakota (special)]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|Herbert E.|Hitchcock}} |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sortname|Gladys|Pyle}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[#South Dakota|South Dakota]] |
! [[#South Dakota|South Dakota]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|Herbert E.|Hitchcock}} |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|Herbert E.|Hitchcock}} |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sortname| |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sortname|Chan|Gurney}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[#Tennessee|Tennessee]] |
! [[#Tennessee|Tennessee]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|Royal S.|Copeland}} |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|Royal S.|Copeland}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|James M.|Mead}} |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|James M.|Mead}} |
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|} |
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===Post-election changes=== |
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{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |
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|- |
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! scope="col" |State |
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! scope="col" |Senator |
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! scope="col" |Replaced by |
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|- |
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! [[#Idaho|Idaho]] |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sortname|William Edgar|Borah}} |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sortname|John|Thomas|John Thomas (Idaho politician)}} |
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|- |
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! [[#Illinois|Illinois]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|James Hamilton|Lewis}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|James M.|Slattery}} |
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|- |
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! [[#Kentucky|Kentucky]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|Marvel Mills|Logan}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | {{sortname|Happy|Chandler}} |
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|- |
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! [[#Vermont|Vermont]] |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sortname|Ernest Willard|Gibson}} |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | {{sortname|Ernest W.|Gibson Jr.}} |
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|} |
|} |
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===Before the elections=== |
===Before the elections=== |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic/active}} | D{{Sub|75}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Utah|Utah]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/active}} | D{{Sub|75}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Utah|Utah]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic/active}} | D{{Sub|74}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Tennessee (special)|{{abbr|Tenn. (sp)|Tennessee (special)}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/active}} | D{{Sub|74}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Tennessee (special)|{{abbr|Tenn. (sp)|Tennessee (special)}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic/active}} | D{{Sub|73}}<br/>{{Small|[[#South Dakota|{{abbr|S.D. (reg)|South Dakota (Regular)}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|[[#South Dakota (special)|{{abbr|S.D. (sp)|South Dakota (special)}}]]}}<br/>{{Small| |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/active}} | D{{Sub|73}}<br/>{{Small|[[#South Dakota|{{abbr|S.D. (reg)|South Dakota (Regular)}}]]}} <br/>{{Small|Ran}} {{Small|[[#South Dakota (special)|{{abbr|S.D. (sp)|South Dakota (special)}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Retired}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic/active}} | D{{Sub|72}}<br/>{{Small|[[#South Carolina|{{abbr|S.C.|South Carolina}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/active}} | D{{Sub|72}}<br/>{{Small|[[#South Carolina|{{abbr|S.C.|South Carolina}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic/active}} | D{{Sub|71}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Oregon (Regular)|{{abbr|Ore. (reg)|Oregon (Regular)}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Oregon (special)|{{abbr|Ore. (sp)|Oregon (special)}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Retired}} |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/active}} | D{{Sub|71}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Oregon (Regular)|{{abbr|Ore. (reg)|Oregon (Regular)}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Oregon (special)|{{abbr|Ore. (sp)|Oregon (special)}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Retired}} |
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=== Result of the elections === |
=== Result of the elections === |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
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|- |
|- |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[#New Jersey (special)|New Jersey]]<br/>(Class 1) |
! [[#New Jersey (special)|New Jersey]]<br/>(Class 1) |
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| [[John |
| [[John Milton (New Jersey politician)|John Milton]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| 1938 {{Small|(Appointed)}} |
| 1938 {{Small|(Appointed)}} |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Interim appointee retired.<br/>Winner [[1938 United States Senate special election in New Jersey|elected]] '''November 8, 1938'''.<br/>'''Republican gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Interim appointee retired.<br/>Winner [[1938 United States Senate special election in New Jersey|elected]] '''November 8, 1938'''.<br/>'''Republican gain'''. |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
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* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[ |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[W. Warren Barbour]]''' (Republican) 53.0% |
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* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[William H. J. Ely]] (Democratic) 45.7% |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[William H. J. Ely]] (Democratic) 45.7% |
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}} |
}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| 1936 {{Small|(Appointed)}} |
| 1936 {{Small|(Appointed)}} |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Interim appointee |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Interim appointee retired.<br/>Winner [[1938 United States Senate elections in South Dakota|elected]] '''November 8, 1938'''.<br/>'''Republican gain'''.<br/>Winner did not run for the next term, however; see below. |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
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* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Gladys Pyle]]''' (Republican) 58.1% |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Gladys Pyle]]''' (Republican) 58.1% |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| 1937 {{Small|(Appointed)}} |
| 1937 {{Small|(Appointed)}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term.<br/>Winner <!--[[1938 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|elected]]-->elected '''November 8, 1938'''.<br/>Democratic hold. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term.<br/>Winner <!--[[1938 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|elected]]-->elected '''November 8, 1938'''.<br/>Democratic hold.<br/>Winner delayed his term until January 16, 1939, to finish his term as [[district attorney]]. |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
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* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Tom Stewart (politician)|Tom Stewart]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Tom Stewart (politician)|Tom Stewart]]''' (Democratic) 70.5% |
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* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[Harley G. Fowler]] (Republican) 26.2% |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[Harley G. Fowler]] (Republican) 26.2% |
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}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[#Arkansas|Arkansas]] |
! [[#Arkansas|Arkansas]] |
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| [[Hattie |
| [[Hattie Caraway]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| 1931 {{Small|(Appointed)}}<br/>[[1932 United States Senate special election in Arkansas|1932 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
| 1931 {{Small|(Appointed)}}<br/>[[1932 United States Senate special election in Arkansas|1932 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
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| Incumbent [[1938 United States Senate election in Arkansas|re-elected]]. |
| Incumbent [[1938 United States Senate election in Arkansas|re-elected]]. |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
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* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Hattie |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Hattie Caraway]]''' (Democratic) 89.6% |
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* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[C. D. Atkinson]] (Republican) 10.4% |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[C. D. Atkinson]] (Republican) 10.4% |
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}} |
}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>New senator <!--[[1938 United States Senate election in Idaho|elected]]-->elected.<br/>Democratic hold. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>New senator <!--[[1938 United States Senate election in Idaho|elected]]-->elected.<br/>Democratic hold. |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
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* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[ |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[D. Worth Clark]]''' (Democratic) 54.7% |
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* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[Donald A. Callahan]] (Republican) 44.9% |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[Donald A. Callahan]] (Republican) 44.9% |
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}} |
}} |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
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* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Frederick Van Nuys]]''' (Democratic) 49.8% |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Frederick Van Nuys]]''' (Democratic) 49.8% |
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* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[Raymond E. Willis]] (Republican) 49.5% |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[Raymond E. Willis]] (Republican) 49.5%}} |
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{{collapsible list|title=Others| |
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* {{Party stripe|Prohibition Party}}Herman L. Seeger (Prohibition) 0.4% |
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| {{Party stripe|Prohibition Party}}Herman L. Seeger (Prohibition) 0.4% |
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| {{Party stripe|Socialist Party (US)}}Louis E. Roebuck (Socialist) 0.1% |
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| {{Party stripe|Communist Party (US)}}Miles Blansett (Communist) 0.1% |
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}} |
}} |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
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* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Guy Gillette]]''' (Democratic) 49.7% |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Guy Gillette]]''' (Democratic) 49.7% |
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* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[ |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[L. J. Dickinson]] (Republican) 49.4% |
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}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[#Kansas|Kansas]] |
! [[#Kansas|Kansas]] |
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| [[George McGill]] |
| [[George McGill (Kansas politician)|George McGill]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
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| [[1930 United States Senate special election in Kansas|1930 {{Small|(special)}}]]<br/>[[1932 United States Senate election in Kansas|1932]] |
| [[1930 United States Senate special election in Kansas|1930 {{Small|(special)}}]]<br/>[[1932 United States Senate election in Kansas|1932]] |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
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* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Clyde M. Reed]]''' (Republican) 56.2% |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Clyde M. Reed]]''' (Republican) 56.2% |
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* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[George McGill]] (Democratic) 43.8% |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[George McGill (Kansas politician)|George McGill]] (Democratic) 43.8% |
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}} |
}} |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Interim appointee lost nomination to next term.<br/>New senator [[1938 United States Senate elections in South Dakota|elected]].<br/>'''Republican gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Interim appointee lost nomination to next term.<br/>New senator [[1938 United States Senate elections in South Dakota|elected]].<br/>'''Republican gain'''. |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
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* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[ |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Chan Gurney]]''' (Republican) 52.5% |
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* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Tom Berry (South Dakota politician)|Tom Berry]] (Democratic) 47.5% |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Tom Berry (South Dakota politician)|Tom Berry]] (Democratic) 47.5% |
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}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! [[#Vermont|Vermont]] |
! [[#Vermont|Vermont]] |
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| [[Ernest |
| [[Ernest W. Gibson]] |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican |
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| 1933 {{Small|(Appointed)}}<br/>[[1934 United States Senate special election in Vermont|1934 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
| 1933 {{Small|(Appointed)}}<br/>[[1934 United States Senate special election in Vermont|1934 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
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| Incumbent [[1938 United States Senate election in Vermont|re-elected]]. |
| Incumbent [[1938 United States Senate election in Vermont|re-elected]]. |
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| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
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* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Ernest |
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Ernest W. Gibson]]''' (Republican) 65.7% |
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* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[John McGrath (Vermont politician)|John McGrath]] (Democratic) 34.3% |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[John McGrath (Vermont politician)|John McGrath]] (Democratic) 34.3% |
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}} |
}} |
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== Alabama == |
== Alabama == |
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{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Alabama}} |
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[[File:Listerhill.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[J. Lister Hill]]]] |
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[[File:HILL, LISTER. HONORABLE LCCN2016862398 (cropped).jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[J. Lister Hill]]]] |
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{{See also|List of United States senators from Alabama|1938 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from Alabama|1938 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama}} |
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Line 1,033: | Line 1,058: | ||
| candidate = [[J. Lister Hill]] (Incumbent) |
| candidate = [[J. Lister Hill]] (Incumbent) |
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| votes = 49,429 |
| votes = 49,429 |
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| percentage = 100. |
| percentage = 100.00% |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election box turnout no change |
{{Election box turnout no change |
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== Arizona == |
== Arizona == |
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{{Infobox election |
{{Infobox election |
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| election_name = 1938 United States Senate election in Arizona |
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| country = Arizona |
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| type = Presidential |
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| ongoing = no |
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| previous_election = 1932 United States Senate election in Arizona |
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| previous_year = 1932 |
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| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in Arizona |
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| next_year = 1944 |
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| election_date = November 3, 1938 |
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| image_size = x136px |
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| image1 = [[File:Carl T. Hayden.jpg|125px]] |
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| nominee1 = '''[[Carl Hayden]]''' |
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| party1 = Democratic Party (United States) |
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| popular_vote1 = '''82,714''' |
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| percentage1 = '''76.52%''' |
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| image2 = [[File:No image.png|125px]] |
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| nominee2 = Burt H. Clingan |
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| party2 = Republican Party (United States) |
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| popular_vote2 = 25,378 |
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| percentage2 = 23.48% |
|||
| map_image = File:1938 United States Senate election in Arizona results map by county.svg |
|||
| title = U.S. Senator |
|||
| map_size = 210px |
|||
| before_election = [[Carl Hayden]] |
|||
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Hayden''': {{legend0|#584cde|70–80%}} {{legend0|#3933e5|80–90%}} {{legend0|#0d056c|>90%}} |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
| title = U.S. Senator |
|||
| after_election = [[Carl Hayden]] |
|||
| before_election = [[Carl Hayden]] |
|||
| after_party = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| after_election = [[Carl Hayden]] |
|||
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Arizona}} |
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Arizona}} |
||
Line 1,170: | Line 1,198: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{End}} |
{{End}} |
||
{{Clear}} |
|||
== Arkansas == |
== Arkansas == |
||
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Arkansas}} |
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Arkansas}} |
||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Arkansas}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from Arkansas}} |
||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1938 U.S. Senate election in Arkansas |
|||
| country = Arkansas |
|||
| flag_year = 1924 |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
| ongoing = no |
|||
| previous_election = 1932 United States Senate election in Arkansas |
|||
| previous_year = 1932 |
|||
| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in Arkansas |
|||
| next_year = 1944 |
|||
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
|||
| image_size = x150px |
|||
| image1 = File:Senator hcaraway.jpg |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[Hattie Caraway]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''122,883''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''89.58%''' |
|||
| image2 = File:3x4.svg |
|||
| nominee2 = C. D. Atkinson |
|||
| party2 = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 14,290 |
|||
| percentage2 = 10.42% |
|||
| map_image = 1938 United States Senate election in Arkansas results map by county.svg |
|||
| map_size = 210px |
|||
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Caraway''': {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674de|60–70%}} {{legend0|#584cde|70–80%}} {{legend0|#3933e5|80–90%}} {{legend0|#0d056c|>90%}} |
|||
| title = U.S. Senator |
|||
| before_election = [[Hattie Caraway]] |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| after_election = [[Hattie Caraway]] |
|||
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Election box begin no change |
{{Election box begin no change |
||
| title = Arkansas election<ref name= Clerk/> |
| title = Arkansas election<ref name= Clerk/> |
||
Line 1,203: | Line 1,268: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Election box end}} |
{{Election box end}} |
||
{{Clear}} |
|||
== California == |
== California == |
||
{{Infobox election |
{{Infobox election |
||
| election_name = |
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate election in California |
||
| country = California |
| country = California |
||
| flag_image=Flag of California (1924–1953).png |
|||
| type = presidential |
| type = presidential |
||
| ongoing = no |
| ongoing = no |
||
Line 1,214: | Line 1,281: | ||
| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in California |
| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in California |
||
| next_year = 1944 |
| next_year = 1944 |
||
| |
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
||
| image1 = Washington, D.C., November 21, 1939 - A new informal photograph of Senator Sheridan Downey of California LCCN2016876632 (cropped).tif |
|||
| image1 = SDowney.jpg |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[Sheridan Downey]]''' |
| nominee1 = '''[[Sheridan Downey]]''' |
||
| alliance1 = [[California Progressive Party|Progressive]]<br>[[Francis Townsend|Townsend]] |
| alliance1 = [[California Progressive Party|Progressive]]<br>[[Francis Townsend|Townsend]] |
||
Line 1,221: | Line 1,288: | ||
| popular_vote1 = '''1,372,314''' |
| popular_vote1 = '''1,372,314''' |
||
| percentage1 = '''54.43%''' |
| percentage1 = '''54.43%''' |
||
| image2 = |
| image2 = Philip Bancroft.jpg |
||
| nominee2 = Philip Bancroft |
| nominee2 = Philip Bancroft |
||
| party2 = Republican Party (US) |
| party2 = Republican Party (US) |
||
| popular_vote2 = 1,126,240 |
| popular_vote2 = 1,126,240 |
||
| percentage2 = 44.67% |
| percentage2 = 44.67% |
||
| map_image = 1938 United States Senate Election in California by County.svg |
|||
| map_size = 250px |
|||
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Downey:''' {{legend0|#A5B0FF|40–50%}} {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674de|60–70%}} <br/>'''Bancroft:''' {{legend0|#FFB2B2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#e27f7f|50–60%}} {{legend0|#D72F30|70–80%}} |
|||
| title = U.S. Senator |
| title = U.S. Senator |
||
| before_election = [[William Gibbs McAdoo]] |
| before_election = [[William Gibbs McAdoo]] |
||
Line 1,278: | Line 1,348: | ||
== Colorado == |
== Colorado == |
||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate election in Colorado |
|||
| country = Colorado |
|||
| flag_year = |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
| ongoing = no |
|||
| previous_election = 1932 United States Senate elections in Colorado |
|||
| previous_year = 1932 |
|||
| next_election = 1942 United States Senate special election in Colorado |
|||
| next_year = 1942 (special) |
|||
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
|||
| image_size = x150px |
|||
| image1 = Alva B. Adams cph.3b20175.jpg |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[Alva B. Adams]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''262,806''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''58.24%''' |
|||
| image2 = |
|||
| nominee2 = Archibald A. Lee |
|||
| party2 = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 181,297 |
|||
| percentage2 = 40.18% |
|||
| map_size = 250px |
|||
| map_image = 1938 Colorado Senate election results map by county.svg |
|||
| map_caption = Results by county <br>'''Adams:''' {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674DE|60–70%}} {{legend0|#584CDE|70–80%}}<br/>'''Lee''': {{legend0|#FFB2B2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#e27f7f|50–60%}} |
|||
| title = U.S. Senator |
|||
| before_election = [[Alva B. Adams]] |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| after_election = [[Alva B. Adams]] |
|||
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Colorado}} |
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Colorado}} |
||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Colorado}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from Colorado}} |
||
Line 1,321: | Line 1,426: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Election box end}} |
{{Election box end}} |
||
{{Clear}} |
|||
== Connecticut == |
== Connecticut == |
||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate election in Connecticut |
|||
| country = Connecticut |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
| ongoing = no |
|||
| previous_election = 1932 United States Senate election in Connecticut |
|||
| previous_year = 1932 |
|||
| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in Connecticut |
|||
| next_year = 1944 |
|||
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
|||
| image_size = x150px |
|||
| image1 = File:John A. Danaher.jpg |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[John A. Danaher]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''270,413''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''42.89%''' |
|||
| image2 = File:AugustineLonergan.jpg |
|||
| nominee2 = [[Augustine Lonergan]] |
|||
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| alliance2 = Union Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 252,426 |
|||
| percentage2 = 40.04% |
|||
| image3 = File:3x4.svg |
|||
| nominee3 = Bellani Trombley |
|||
| party3 = Socialist Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote3 = 99,282 |
|||
| percentage3 = 15.75% |
|||
| map_image = 1938 United States Senate election in Connecticut results map by county.svg |
|||
| map_size = 200px |
|||
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Danaher:''' {{legend0|#ffb2b2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#e27f7f|50–60%}} <br/>'''Lonergan:''' {{legend0|#a5b0ff|40–50%}} |
|||
| title = U.S. Senator |
|||
| before_election = [[Augustine Lonergan]] |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
| after_election = [[John A. Danaher]] |
|||
| after_party = Republican Party (US) |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Connecticut}} |
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Connecticut}} |
||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Connecticut}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from Connecticut}} |
||
Line 1,378: | Line 1,520: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Election box end}} |
{{Election box end}} |
||
{{Clear}} |
|||
== Florida == |
== Florida == |
||
Line 1,486: | Line 1,629: | ||
== Illinois == |
== Illinois == |
||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate election in Illinois |
|||
| country = Illinois |
|||
| flag_year = 1915 |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
| ongoing = no |
|||
| previous_election = 1932 United States Senate election in Illinois |
|||
| previous_year = 1932 |
|||
| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in Illinois |
|||
| next_year = 1944 |
|||
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
|||
| image_size = x150px |
|||
| image1 = ScottWikeLucas (1).jpg |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[Scott W. Lucas]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''1,638,162''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''51.32%''' |
|||
| image2 = 3x4.svg |
|||
| nominee2 = [[Richard J. Lyons]] |
|||
| party2 = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 1,542,574 |
|||
| percentage2 = 48.33% |
|||
| map_image = 1938 United States Senate election in Illinois results map by county.svg |
|||
| map_size = 300px |
|||
| map_caption = County results<br />'''Lucas:''' {{legend0|#7996E2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674DE|60–70%}} <br/>'''Lyons:''' {{legend0|#FFB2B2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#E27F7F|50–60%}} {{legend0|#D75D5D|60–70%}} {{legend0|#D72F30|70–80%}} |
|||
| title = U.S. senator |
|||
| before_election = [[William H. Dieterich]] |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| after_election = [[Scott W. Lucas]] |
|||
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Illinois}} |
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Illinois}} |
||
Line 1,531: | Line 1,705: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Election box end}} |
{{Election box end}} |
||
{{Clear}} |
|||
== Indiana == |
== Indiana == |
||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate election in Indiana |
|||
| country = Indiana |
|||
| type = Presidential |
|||
| ongoing = no |
|||
| previous_election = 1932 United States Senate election in Indiana |
|||
| previous_year = 1932 |
|||
| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in Indiana |
|||
| next_year = 1944 |
|||
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
|||
| image_size = 125px |
|||
| image1 = [[File:FVanNuys.jpg|x150px]] |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[Frederick Van Nuys]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''788,386''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''49.85%''' |
|||
| image2 = [[File:Raymond Eugene Willis.jpg|x150px]] |
|||
| nominee2 = [[Raymond E. Willis]] |
|||
| party2 = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 783,189 |
|||
| percentage2 = 49.52% |
|||
| map_image = 1938 United States Senate Election in Indiana by County.svg |
|||
| map_size = 250px |
|||
| map_caption =County results<br/>'''Van Nuys''': {{legend0|#a5b0ff|40–50%}} {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674de|60–70%}}<br/>'''Willis''': {{legend0|#ffb2b2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#e27f7f|50–60%}} {{legend0|#d75d5d|60–70%}} |
|||
| title = U.S. Senator |
|||
| before_election = [[Frederick Van Nuys]] |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| after_election = [[Frederick Van Nuys]] |
|||
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Indiana}} |
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Indiana}} |
||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Indiana}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from Indiana}} |
||
Line 1,582: | Line 1,791: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Election box end}} |
{{Election box end}} |
||
{{Clear}} |
|||
== Iowa == |
== Iowa == |
||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate election in Iowa |
|||
| country = Iowa |
|||
| flag_image = Flag of Iowa (xrmap collection).svg |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
| ongoing = no |
|||
| previous_election = 1936 United States Senate special election in Iowa |
|||
| previous_year = 1936 (special) |
|||
| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in Iowa |
|||
| next_year = 1944 |
|||
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
|||
| image1 = [[File:Guy Mark Gillette.jpg|x145px]] |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[Guy M. Gillette]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''413,788''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''49.74%''' |
|||
| image2 = [[File:DICKINSON, LESTER J. HONORABLE LCCN2016860453 (cropped).jpg|x145px]] |
|||
| nominee2 = [[Lester J. Dickinson]] |
|||
| party2 = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 410,983 |
|||
| percentage2 = 49.41% |
|||
| map_image = 1938 United States Senate election in Iowa results map by county.svg |
|||
| map_size = 220px |
|||
| map_caption = '''Gillette''': {{legend0|#a5b0ff|40–50%}} {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674de|60–70%}} {{legend0|#584cde|70–80%}}<br/>'''Dickinson''': {{legend0|#ffb2b2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#e27f7f|50–60%}} {{legend0|#d75d5d|60–70%}} |
|||
| title = U.S. Senator |
|||
| before_election = [[Guy M. Gillette]] |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| after_election = [[Guy M. Gillette]] |
|||
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Iowa}} |
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Iowa}} |
||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Iowa}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from Iowa}} |
||
Line 1,633: | Line 1,873: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Election box end}} |
{{Election box end}} |
||
{{Clear}} |
|||
== Kansas == |
== Kansas == |
||
Line 1,646: | Line 1,887: | ||
{{Election box candidate with party link no change |
{{Election box candidate with party link no change |
||
| party = Democratic Party (US) |
| party = Democratic Party (US) |
||
| candidate = [[George McGill]] (Incumbent) |
| candidate = [[George McGill (Kansas politician)|George McGill]] (Incumbent) |
||
| votes = 326,774 |
| votes = 326,774 |
||
| percentage = 43.78% |
| percentage = 43.78% |
||
Line 1,673: | Line 1,914: | ||
== Kentucky == |
== Kentucky == |
||
{{Infobox election |
{{Infobox election |
||
| election_name |
| election_name = Kentucky election |
||
| country |
| country = Kentucky |
||
| flag_image |
| flag_image = Flag of Kentucky (1918-1963).svg |
||
| type |
| type = presidential |
||
| ongoing |
| ongoing = no |
||
| previous_election = 1932 United States Senate election in Kentucky |
| previous_election = 1932 United States Senate election in Kentucky |
||
| previous_year |
| previous_year = 1932 |
||
| next_election |
| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in Kentucky |
||
| next_year |
| next_year = 1944 |
||
| image_size |
| image_size = x135px |
||
| image1 |
| image1 = AlbenBarkley.jpg |
||
| nominee1 |
| nominee1 = '''[[Alben W. Barkley]]''' |
||
| party1 |
| party1 = Democratic Party (US) |
||
| popular_vote1 |
| popular_vote1 = '''346,735''' |
||
| percentage1 |
| percentage1 = '''62.03%''' |
||
| image2 |
| image2 = [[File:3x4.svg|x135px|link=]] |
||
| nominee2 |
| nominee2 = John P. Haswell |
||
| party2 |
| party2 = Republican Party (US) |
||
| popular_vote2 |
| popular_vote2 = 212,266 |
||
| percentage2 |
| percentage2 = 37.97% |
||
| map_image = 1938 United States Senate election in Kentucky results map by county.svg |
|||
| map_size = 300px |
|||
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Barkley''': {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674de|60–70%}} {{legend0|#584cde|70–80%}} {{legend0|#3933e5ff|80–90%}} {{legend0|#0D0596|>90%}}<br/>'''Haswell''': {{legend0|#e27f7f|50–60%}} {{legend0|#d75d5d|60–70%}} {{legend0|#d72f30|70–80%}} {{legend0|#c21b18|80–90%}} |
|||
| title |
| title = U.S. senator |
||
| before_election |
| before_election = [[Alben W. Barkley]] |
||
| before_party |
| before_party = Democratic Party (US) |
||
| after_election |
| after_election = [[Alben W. Barkley]] |
||
| after_party |
| after_party = Democratic Party (US) |
||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Election box begin no change |
{{Election box begin no change |
||
Line 1,772: | Line 2,013: | ||
== Maryland == |
== Maryland == |
||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate election in Maryland |
|||
| country = Maryland |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
| ongoing = no |
|||
| previous_election = 1932 United States Senate election in Maryland |
|||
| previous_year = 1932 |
|||
| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in Maryland |
|||
| next_year = 1944 |
|||
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
|||
| image_size = x150px |
|||
| image1 = File:Millardetydings.jpg |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[Millard Tydings]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''357,245''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''68.28%''' |
|||
| image2 = File:3x4.svg |
|||
| nominee2 = Oscar Leser |
|||
| party2 = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 153,253 |
|||
| percentage2 = 29.29% |
|||
| map_image = 1938 United States Senate election in Maryland results map by county.svg |
|||
| map_size = 275px |
|||
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Tydings:''' {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674de|60–70%}} {{legend0|#584cde|70–80%}} |
|||
| title = U.S. Senator |
|||
| before_election = [[Millard Tydings]] |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| after_election = [[Millard Tydings]] |
|||
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Maryland}} |
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Maryland}} |
||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Maryland}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from Maryland}} |
||
Line 1,828: | Line 2,103: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Election box end}} |
{{Election box end}} |
||
{{Clear}} |
|||
== Missouri == |
== Missouri == |
||
{{Infobox election |
{{Infobox election |
||
| election_name = |
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate election in Missouri |
||
| country = Missouri |
| country = Missouri |
||
| type = presidential |
| type = presidential |
||
Line 1,850: | Line 2,126: | ||
| popular_vote2 = 488,687 |
| popular_vote2 = 488,687 |
||
| percentage2 = 39.15% |
| percentage2 = 39.15% |
||
| map_image |
| map_image = 1938 United States Senate election in Missouri results map by county.svg |
||
| map_size = 270px |
|||
| map_caption |
| map_caption = County results<br>'''Clark''': {{legend0|#7a97e3|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674de|60–70%}} {{legend0|#584cde|70–80%}} {{legend0|#3933e5|80–90%}}<br>'''Caulfield''': {{legend0|#e38080 |50–60%}} {{legend0|#d85d5d|60–70%}} {{legend0|#d82b2c|70–80%}} |
||
| title = U.S. senator |
| title = U.S. senator |
||
| before_election = [[Bennett Champ Clark]] |
| before_election = [[Bennett Champ Clark]] |
||
Line 1,968: | Line 2,244: | ||
== New Jersey (special) == |
== New Jersey (special) == |
||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate election in New Jersey |
|||
| country = New Jersey |
|||
| flag_year = 1896 |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
| ongoing = no |
|||
| previous_election = 1934 United States Senate election in New Jersey |
|||
| previous_year = 1934 |
|||
| next_election = 1940 United States Senate election in New Jersey |
|||
| next_year = 1940 |
|||
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
|||
| image_size = 160x180px |
|||
| image1 = William Warren Barbour.jpg |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[William Warren Barbour]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Republican Party (US) |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''816,667''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''52.98%''' |
|||
| image2 = 3x4.svg |
|||
| nominee2 = [[William H. J. Ely]] |
|||
| party2 = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 704,159 |
|||
| percentage2 = 45.68% |
|||
| map_size = 280px |
|||
| map_image = 1938 United States Senate special election in New Jersey results map by county.svg |
|||
| map_caption = County results<br/> '''Barbour''': {{legend0|#e27f7f|50–60%}} {{legend0|#d75d5d|60–70%}} {{legend0|#d72f30|70–80%}}<br/> '''Ely''': {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#584cde|70–80%}} |
|||
| title = U.S. senator |
|||
| before_election = [[John Gerald Milton]] |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
| after_election = [[W. Warren Barbour]] |
|||
| after_party = Republican Party (US) |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Main|1938 United States Senate special election in New Jersey}} |
{{Main|1938 United States Senate special election in New Jersey}} |
||
{{See also|List of United States senators from New Jersey}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from New Jersey}} |
||
Line 2,029: | Line 2,336: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Election box end}} |
{{Election box end}} |
||
{{Clear}} |
|||
== New York == |
== New York == |
||
Line 2,037: | Line 2,345: | ||
=== New York (regular) === |
=== New York (regular) === |
||
{{Infobox election |
{{Infobox election |
||
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate election in New York |
|||
| country = New York |
|||
| flag_image = Flag of New York (1909–2020).svg |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
| ongoing = no |
|||
| previous_election = 1932 United States Senate election in New York |
|||
| previous_year = 1932 |
|||
| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in New York |
|||
| next_year = 1944 |
|||
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
|||
| image_size = x170px |
|||
| image1 = Robert F. Wagner.jpg |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[Robert F. Wagner]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
| alliance1 = American Labor Party |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''2,497,029''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''54.48%''' |
|||
| image2 = John Lord O'Brian in 1920.jpg |
|||
| nominee2 = [[John Lord O'Brian]] |
|||
| party2 = Republican Party (US) |
|||
| alliance2 = Independent Progressive |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 2,058,615 |
|||
| percentage2 = 44.92% |
|||
| map_image = 1938 United States Senate Election in New York by County.svg |
|||
| map_size = 270px |
|||
| map_caption = County Results<br/>'''Wagner:''' {{legend0|#7996E2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674DE|60–70%}} {{legend0|#584CDE|70–80%}}<br/>'''O'Brian:''' {{legend0|#E27F7F|50–60%}} {{legend0|#D75D5D|60–70%}} {{legend0|#D72F30|70–80%}} |
|||
| map_caption = |
|||
| title = Senator |
|||
| before_election = [[Robert F. Wagner]] |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
| after_election = Robert F. Wagner |
|||
| after_party = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 2,131: | Line 2,439: | ||
=== New York (special) === |
=== New York (special) === |
||
{{Infobox election |
|||
[[File:James Mead.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[James M. Mead]]]] |
|||
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate special election in New York |
|||
| country = New York |
|||
| flag_image = Flag of New York (1901-2020).svg |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
| ongoing = no |
|||
| previous_election = 1934 United States Senate election in New York |
|||
| previous_year = 1934 |
|||
| next_election = 1940 United States Senate election in New York |
|||
| next_year = 1940 |
|||
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
|||
| image_size = x150px |
|||
| image1 = File:JamesMMead.jpg |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[James M. Mead]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| alliance1 = [[American Labor Party]] |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''2,438,904 ''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''53.93%''' |
|||
| image2 = |
|||
| nominee2 = Edward F. Corsi |
|||
| party2 = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
| alliance2 = Ind. Progressive |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 2,083,666 |
|||
| percentage2 = 46.08% |
|||
| map_caption = '''Mead:''' {{legend0|#7996E2|50-60%}} {{legend0|#6674DE|60-70%}} {{legend0|#584CDE|70-80%}} <br>'''Corsi:''' {{legend0|#E27F7F|50-60%}} {{legend0|#D75D5D|60-70%}} {{legend0|#D72F30|70-80%}} |
|||
| title = U.S. Senator |
|||
| before_election = Vacant |
|||
| before_party = |
|||
| after_election = James M. Mead |
|||
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| map_image = 1938 United States Senate Special Election in New York by County.svg |
|||
| map_size = 270px |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Main|1938 United States Senate special election in New York}} |
{{Main|1938 United States Senate special election in New York}} |
||
New York Republicans nominated Edward Corsi for the short term to fill the vacancy caused by the death of [[Royal S. Copeland]].<ref name="NY1" /> Democrats nominated [[James M. Mead]].<ref name="NY2" /> The [[American Labor Party|American Labor party]] endorsed Mead.<ref name="NY3" /> |
New York Republicans nominated Edward Corsi for the short term to fill the vacancy caused by the death of [[Royal S. Copeland]].<ref name="NY1" /> Democrats nominated [[James M. Mead]].<ref name="NY2" /> The [[American Labor Party|American Labor party]] endorsed Mead.<ref name="NY3" /> |
||
Line 2,225: | Line 2,565: | ||
== North Dakota == |
== North Dakota == |
||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate election in North Dakota |
|||
| country = North Dakota |
|||
| flag_year = 1914 |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
| ongoing = no |
|||
| previous_election = 1932 United States Senate election in North Dakota |
|||
| previous_year = 1932 |
|||
| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in North Dakota |
|||
| next_year = 1944 |
|||
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
|||
| image_size = x150px |
|||
| image1 = [[File:Gerald Nye (cropped).jpg|x130px]] |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[Gerald Nye]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''131,907''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''50.12%''' |
|||
| image2 = [[File:William Langer.jpg|x130px]] |
|||
| nominee2 = [[William Langer]] |
|||
| party2 = Independent (politician) |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 65,612 |
|||
| percentage2 = 42.56% |
|||
| image3 = [[File:3x4.svg|x130px]] |
|||
| nominee3 = J. J. Nygaard |
|||
| party3 = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote3 = 19,244 |
|||
| percentage3 = 7.31% |
|||
| map_size = 250px |
|||
| map_image = 1938 United States senate election in North Dakota results.svg |
|||
| map_caption =County results<br />'''Nye''': {{legend0|#FFB2B2|40-50%}} {{legend0|#e27f7f|50-60%}} {{legend0|#d75d5d|60-70%}} <br />'''Langer''': {{legend0|#D9D9D9|40-50%}} {{legend0|#BDBDBD|50-60%}} {{legend0|#969696|60-70%}} |
|||
| title = U.S. Senator |
|||
| before_election = [[Gerald Nye]] |
|||
| before_party = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
| after_election = [[Gerald Nye]] |
|||
| after_party = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
}} |
|||
{{main|1938 United States Senate election in North Dakota}} |
{{main|1938 United States Senate election in North Dakota}} |
||
{{See also|List of United States senators from North Dakota}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from North Dakota}} |
||
Line 2,262: | Line 2,643: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Election box end}} |
{{Election box end}} |
||
{{Clear}} |
|||
== Ohio == |
== Ohio == |
||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate election in Ohio |
|||
| country = Ohio |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
| ongoing = no |
|||
| previous_election = 1932 United States Senate election in Ohio |
|||
| previous_year = 1932 |
|||
| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in Ohio |
|||
| next_year = 1944 |
|||
| election_date = November 7, 1938 |
|||
| image_size = x150px |
|||
| image1 = Robert Taft 1939 stands at microphone (cropped) (3x4).jpg |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[Robert A. Taft]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''1,255,414''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''53.62%''' |
|||
| image2 = RobertJBulkley (cropped).jpg |
|||
| nominee2 = [[Robert J. Bulkley]] |
|||
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 1,085,792 |
|||
| percentage2 = 46.38% |
|||
| map_image = File:1938 United States Senate election in Ohio results by county map.svg |
|||
| map_size = 200px |
|||
| map_caption = County results<br>'''Taft:''' {{legend0|#E27F7F|50–60%}} {{legend0|#D75D5D|60–70%}} {{legend0|#D40000|70–80%}}<br>'''Bulkley:''' {{legend0|#7996E2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674DE|60–70%}} |
|||
| title = U.S. Senator |
|||
| before_election = [[Robert J. Bulkley]] |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| after_election = [[Robert A. Taft]] |
|||
| after_party = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
}} |
|||
{{main|1938 United States Senate election in Ohio}} |
{{main|1938 United States Senate election in Ohio}} |
||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Ohio}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from Ohio}} |
||
Line 2,295: | Line 2,711: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Election box end}} |
{{Election box end}} |
||
{{Clear}} |
|||
== Oklahoma == |
== Oklahoma == |
||
Line 2,349: | Line 2,766: | ||
== Oregon == |
== Oregon == |
||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Oregon}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from Oregon}} |
||
There were 2 elections for the same seat, due to the January 31, 1938, resignation of two-term Republican [[Frederick Steiwer]]. Democratic businessman [[Alfred E. Reames]] was appointed February |
There were 2 elections for the same seat, due to the January 31, 1938, resignation of two-term Republican [[Frederick Steiwer]]. Democratic businessman [[Alfred E. Reames]] was appointed February 1, 1938, to continue the term, pending a special election, but he did not run in either the special or the general elections. |
||
=== Oregon (special) === |
=== Oregon (special) === |
||
[[File:Alexander Grant Barry.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[Alexander G. Barry]]]] |
[[File:Alexander Grant Barry.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[Alexander G. Barry]]]] |
||
[[File:1938 United States Senate special election in Oregon results map by county.svg|thumb|250px|center|Special election results by county<br/>'''Barry:''' {{legend0|#E27F7F|50–60%}} {{legend0|#D75D5D|60–70%}}<br/> |
|||
'''Miller:''' {{legend0|#7996E2|50–60%}}]] |
|||
<!--{{Main|1938 United States Senate special election in Oregon}}--> |
<!--{{Main|1938 United States Senate special election in Oregon}}--> |
||
Republican [[Alexander G. Barry]] was elected to finish the term, but was not a candidate for the next term. |
Republican [[Alexander G. Barry]] was elected to finish the term, but was not a candidate for the next term. |
||
Line 2,391: | Line 2,810: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Election box end}} |
{{Election box end}} |
||
{{Clear}} |
|||
=== Oregon (regular) === |
=== Oregon (regular) === |
||
[[File:Rufus Holman.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[Rufus C. Holman]]]] |
[[File:Rufus Holman.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[Rufus C. Holman]]]] |
||
[[File:1938 United States Senate election in Oregon results map by county.svg|thumb|250px|center|Regular election results by county<br/>'''Holman:''' {{legend0|#E27F7F|50–60%}} {{legend0|#D75D5D|60–70%}} {{legend0|#D72F30|70–80%}}<br/>'''Mahoney:''' {{legend0|#7996E2|50–60%}} |
|||
]] |
|||
<!--{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Oregon}}--> |
<!--{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Oregon}}--> |
||
{{Election box begin no change |
{{Election box begin no change |
||
Line 2,434: | Line 2,856: | ||
== Pennsylvania == |
== Pennsylvania == |
||
{{Infobox election |
{{Infobox election |
||
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania |
|||
| country = Pennsylvania |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
| ongoing = no |
|||
| previous_election = 1932 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania |
|||
| previous_year = 1932 |
|||
| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania |
|||
| next_year = 1944 |
|||
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
|||
| image_size = x150px |
|||
| image1 = Jjdavis.jpg |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[James J. Davis]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Republican Party (US) |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''2,086,931''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''54.70%''' |
|||
| image2 = GeorgeHEarle.jpg |
|||
| nominee2 = [[George Howard Earle III]] |
|||
| party2 = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 1,694,367 |
|||
| percentage2 = 44.41% |
|||
| map_image = 1938 Pennsylvania United States Senate Election by county.svg |
|||
| map_size = 250px |
|||
| map_caption = '''County Results:'''<br>'''Davis:''' {{legend0|#FFB2B2|40-50%}} {{legend0|#E27F7F|50-60%}} {{legend0|#D75D5D|60-70%}} {{legend0|#D72F30|70-80%}}<br>'''Earle:''' {{legend0|#7996E2|50-60%}} |
|||
| map_caption = |
|||
| title = U.S. Senator |
|||
| before_election = [[James J. Davis]] |
|||
| before_party = Republican Party (US) |
|||
| after_election = [[James J. Davis]] |
|||
| after_party = Republican Party (US) |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania}} |
{{Main|1938 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania}} |
||
Line 2,602: | Line 3,024: | ||
=== South Dakota (regular) === |
=== South Dakota (regular) === |
||
{{Infobox election |
|||
[[File:John Chandler Gurney.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[John Chandler Gurney]]]] |
|||
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate elections in South Dakota |
|||
| country = South Dakota |
|||
| flag_year = 1909 |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
| ongoing = no |
|||
| previous_election = 1932 United States Senate election in South Dakota |
|||
| previous_year = 1932 |
|||
| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in South Dakota |
|||
| next_year = 1944 |
|||
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
|||
| image_size = x150px |
|||
| image1 = John Chandler Gurney.jpg |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[John Chandler Gurney|Chan Gurney]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''146,813''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''52.46%''' |
|||
| image2 = Tom Berry.jpg |
|||
| nominee2 = [[Tom Berry (South Dakota politician)|Tom Berry]] |
|||
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 133,064 |
|||
| percentage2 = 47.54% |
|||
| map_size = 240px |
|||
| map_image = 1938 United States Senate election in South Dakota results map by county.svg |
|||
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Gurney:''' {{legend0|#e27f7f|50–60%}} {{legend0|#d75d5d|60–70%}} {{legend0|#d72f30|70–80%}}<br/>'''Berry:''' {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674de|60–70%}}<br/>'''No Vote:''' {{legend0|#cccccc}} |
|||
| title = U.S. Senator |
|||
| before_election = [[Herbert E. Hitchcock]] |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| after_election = [[John Chandler Gurney|Chan Gurney]] |
|||
| after_party = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Main|1938 United States Senate elections in South Dakota}} |
{{Main|1938 United States Senate elections in South Dakota}} |
||
Line 2,639: | Line 3,095: | ||
== Tennessee (special) == |
== Tennessee (special) == |
||
{{Infobox election |
|||
{{Election box begin no change |
|||
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate special election in Tennessee |
|||
| country = Tennessee |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
| ongoing = no |
|||
| previous_election = 1936 United States Senate election in Tennessee |
|||
| previous_year = 1936 |
|||
| next_election = 1942 United States Senate election in Tennessee |
|||
| next_year = 1942 |
|||
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
|||
| image_size = x180px |
|||
| image1 = File:Arthur Thomas Stewart (1892–1972) - S000901.jpg |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[Tom Stewart (politician)|Tom Stewart]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''194,028''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''70.50%''' |
|||
| image2 = |
|||
| nominee2 = Harvey G. Fowler |
|||
| party2 = Republican Party (US) |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 72,098 |
|||
| percentage2 = 26.20% |
|||
| map_image = |
|||
| map_size = |
|||
| map_caption = |
|||
| title = Senator |
|||
| before_election = [[George L. Berry]] |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
| after_election = [[Tom Stewart (politician)|Tom Stewart]] |
|||
| after_party = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
}}{{Main|1938 United States Senate special election in Tennessee}}{{See also|List of United States senators from Tennessee}}{{Election box begin no change |
|||
| title = Tennessee special election<ref name= Clerk/> |
| title = Tennessee special election<ref name= Clerk/> |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 2,718: | Line 3,203: | ||
| next_election = 1940 United States Senate special election in Vermont |
| next_election = 1940 United States Senate special election in Vermont |
||
| next_year = 1940 |
| next_year = 1940 |
||
| image1 = Ernest W. Gibson.jpg |
| image1 = Ernest W. Gibson, Vermont LCCN2016848430 (cropped).jpg |
||
| nominee1 = '''[[Ernest Willard Gibson|Ernest W. Gibson Sr.]]''' |
| nominee1 = '''[[Ernest Willard Gibson|Ernest W. Gibson Sr.]]''' |
||
| party1 = Republican Party (US) |
| party1 = Republican Party (US) |
||
| popular_vote1 = '''73,990''' |
| popular_vote1 = '''73,990''' |
||
| percentage1 = '''65.7%''' |
| percentage1 = '''65.7%''' |
||
| image2 = |
| image2 = 3x4.svg |
||
| party2 = Democratic Party (US) |
| party2 = Democratic Party (US) |
||
| nominee2 = John McGrath |
| nominee2 = John McGrath |
||
Line 2,778: | Line 3,263: | ||
== Washington == |
== Washington == |
||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate election in Washington |
|||
| country = Washington |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
| ongoing = no |
|||
| previous_election = 1932 United States Senate election in Washington |
|||
| previous_year = 1932 |
|||
| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in Washington |
|||
| next_year = 1944 |
|||
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
|||
| image1 = [[File:Homer Bone.jpg|x145px]] |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[Homer Bone]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''371,535''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''62.62%''' |
|||
| image2 = [[File:3x4.svg|x145px]] |
|||
| nominee2 = Ewing D. Colvin |
|||
| party2 = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 220,204 |
|||
| percentage2 = 37.12% |
|||
| map_image = 1938 United States Senate election in Washington results map by county.svg |
|||
| map_size = 275px |
|||
| map_caption = Results by county<br/>'''Bone:''' {{legend0|#7996E2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674DE|60–70%}} {{legend0|#584CDE|70–80%}}<br/>'''Colvin:''' {{legend0|#E27F7F|50–60%}} |
|||
| title = U.S. Senator |
|||
| before_election = [[Homer Bone]] |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| after_election = [[Homer Bone]] |
|||
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
}} |
|||
{{main|1938 United States Senate election in Washington}} |
{{main|1938 United States Senate election in Washington}} |
||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Washington}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from Washington}} |
||
Line 2,815: | Line 3,329: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Election box end}} |
{{Election box end}} |
||
{{Clear}} |
|||
== Wisconsin == |
== Wisconsin == |
||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1938 United States Senate election in Wisconsin |
|||
| country = Wisconsin |
|||
| flag_year = 1913 |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
| ongoing = Yes |
|||
| previous_election = 1932 United States Senate election in Wisconsin |
|||
| previous_year = 1932 |
|||
| next_election = 1944 United States Senate election in Wisconsin |
|||
| next_year = 1944 |
|||
| election_date = November 8, 1938 |
|||
| image1 = [[File:Alexander Wiley.png|x155px]] |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[Alexander Wiley]]''' |
|||
| party1 = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''446,770''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''47.66%''' |
|||
| image2 = [[File:Herman L. Ekern 1925 Edit.png|x155px]] |
|||
| nominee2 = [[Herman L. Ekern]] |
|||
| party2 = Wisconsin Progressive Party |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 249,209 |
|||
| percentage2 = 26.58% |
|||
| image3 = [[File:F. Ryan Duffy (cropped).jpg|x155px]] |
|||
| nominee3 = [[F. Ryan Duffy]] |
|||
| party3 = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| popular_vote3 = 231,976 |
|||
| percentage3 = 24.74% |
|||
| map_image = 1938 United States Senate election in Wisconsin results map by county.svg |
|||
| map_size = 250px |
|||
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Wiley''': {{legend0|#ffc8cd|30–40%}} {{legend0|#ffb2b2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#e27f7f|50–60%}} {{legend0|#d75d5d|60–70%}} {{legend0|#d72f30|70–80%}}<br/>'''Ekern:''' {{legend0|#87de87|40–50%}}<br/>'''Duffy:''' {{legend0|#BDD3FF|30–40%}} {{legend0|#A5B0FF|40–50%}} |
|||
| title = U.S. Senator |
|||
| before_election = [[F. Ryan Duffy]] |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States) |
|||
| after_election = [[Alexander Wiley]] |
|||
| after_party = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
}} |
|||
{{main|1938 United States Senate election in Wisconsin}} |
{{main|1938 United States Senate election in Wisconsin}} |
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{{See also|List of United States senators from Wisconsin}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from Wisconsin}} |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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* Dunn, Susan. ''Roosevelt's Purge: How FDR Fought to Change the Democratic Party'' (2010) [https://www.amazon.com/Roosevelts-Purge-Fought-Change-Democratic/dp/0674057171/ excerpt and text search] |
* Dunn, Susan. ''Roosevelt's Purge: How FDR Fought to Change the Democratic Party'' (2010) [https://www.amazon.com/Roosevelts-Purge-Fought-Change-Democratic/dp/0674057171/ excerpt and text search] |
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* Hixson, Walter L. "The 1938 Kentucky Senate Election: Alben W. Barkley, "Happy" Chandler, and The New Deal." ''Register of the Kentucky Historical Society'' (1982): |
* Hixson, Walter L. "The 1938 Kentucky Senate Election: Alben W. Barkley, "Happy" Chandler, and The New Deal." ''Register of the Kentucky Historical Society'' (1982): 309–329. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23379498 in JSTOR] |
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* Plesur, Milton. "The Republican Congressional Comeback of 1938", ''Review of Politics'' Vol. 24, No. 4 (October 1962), pp. 525–562 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1405361 in JSTOR] |
* Plesur, Milton. "The Republican Congressional Comeback of 1938", ''Review of Politics'' Vol. 24, No. 4 (October 1962), pp. 525–562 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1405361 in JSTOR] |
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* Official New York result: [https://www.nytimes.com/1938/12/08/archives/lehman-plurality-officially-64004-state-board-puts-his-vote-finally.html ''LEHMAN PLURALITY OFFICIALLY 64,394; State Board Puts His Vote Finally at 2,391,286, With 2,326,892 for Dewey LABOR'S POLL AT 419,979 Blank, Void and Scattered Ballots Totaled 75,047; Poletti Won by 229,361''] in NYT on December 8, 1938 (subscription required) |
* Official New York result: [https://www.nytimes.com/1938/12/08/archives/lehman-plurality-officially-64004-state-board-puts-his-vote-finally.html ''LEHMAN PLURALITY OFFICIALLY 64,394; State Board Puts His Vote Finally at 2,391,286, With 2,326,892 for Dewey LABOR'S POLL AT 419,979 Blank, Void and Scattered Ballots Totaled 75,047; Poletti Won by 229,361''] in NYT on December 8, 1938 (subscription required) |
Latest revision as of 22:46, 14 June 2024
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35 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate 49 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Results of the elections: Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold No election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1938 United States Senate elections occurred in the middle of Franklin D. Roosevelt's second term. The 32 seats of Class 3 were contested in regular elections, and special elections were held to fill vacancies. The Republicans gained eight seats from the Democrats, though this occurred after multiple Democratic gains since the 1932 election, leading to the Democrats retaining a commanding lead over the Republicans with more than two-thirds of the legislative chamber.
A contemporary account[1] cited a number of reasons for the losses suffered by the Democrats. The Recession of 1937 had continued into the first half of 1938, and had arguably weakened public confidence in the administration's New Deal economic policies, along with controversy over the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 (Roosevelt's "court-packing" plan).
There were, in addition, strains between the more liberal New Deal supporters and the conservative wing of the Democratic party centered in the Southern states, which were exacerbated by an effort led by President Roosevelt to target certain conservative senators for defeat in Democratic primaries, including Walter George of Georgia, Millard Tydings of Maryland, Robert Rice Reynolds of North Carolina, and Ellison Smith of South Carolina. While a number of New Deal supporters won primary elections, such as Alben Barkley in Kentucky, who defeated Governor Happy Chandler, James P. Pope of Idaho, a prominent New Deal supporter, lost his bid for re-nomination, as did California's William McAdoo — though McAdoo's Democratic opponent, Sheridan Downey, had campaigned as a liberal New Dealer on many issues who would also do more to improve pension plans.[2]
President Franklin D. Roosevelt had faced opposition from conservative Democrats and the Republicans in Congress since the beginning of his presidency. Josiah Bailey, Edward R. Burke, Harry F. Byrd, James F. Byrnes, Walter F. George, Peter G. Gerry, Carter Glass, Pat Harrison, Rush Holt Sr., Kenneth McKellar, and Ellison D. Smith were the conservative Democratic senators that opposed Roosevelt's policies although Harrison, Burke, Byrnes, and McKellar had initially supported the First New Deal. Vice President John Nance Garner pushed for Roosevelt to support more conservative policies. The Republicans gained eight seats in the Senate while the Democrats maintained their majority. However, there were around twenty unreliable Democratic votes for Roosevelt which allowed conservatives to block some of his policies.[3]
Gains, losses, and holds[edit]
Retirements[edit]
One Democrat retired instead of seeking re-election, one Democrat retired instead of seeking election to finish the unexpired term and one Democrat retired instead of seeking election to finish the unexpired term and election to a full term.
State | Senator | Replaced by |
---|---|---|
Illinois | William H. Dieterich | Scott W. Lucas |
Oregon (special) | Alfred E. Reames | Alexander G. Barry |
Oregon | Alfred E. Reames | Rufus C. Holman |
South Dakota (special) |
Defeats[edit]
Seven Democrats sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election. One Democrat sought election to a full term but lost in the primary election and one Democrat sought election to finish the unexpired term but lost in the primary election.
Death[edit]
One Democrat died on June 17, 1938, and his seat remained vacant until the election.
State | Senator | Replaced by |
---|---|---|
New York (special) | Royal S. Copeland | James M. Mead |
Post-election changes[edit]
Change in composition[edit]
Before the elections[edit]
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | ||
D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 |
D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 |
D38 | D37 | D36 | D35 | D34 | D33 | D32 | D31 | D30 | D29 |
D39 | D40 | D41 | D42 | D43 | D44 | D45 | D46 Ala. (reg) Ala. (sp) Ran[a] |
D47 Ariz. Ran |
D48 Ark. Ran |
Majority → | D49 Calif. Ran | ||||||||
D58 Kan. Ran |
D57 Iowa Ran |
D56 Ind. Ran |
D55 Ill. Retired |
D54 Idaho Ran |
D53 Ga. Ran |
D52 Fla. Ran |
D51 Conn. Ran |
D50 Colo. Ran | |
D59 Ky. Ran |
D60 La. Ran |
D61 Md. Ran |
D62 Mo. Ran |
D63 Nev. Ran |
D64 N.H. Ran |
D65 N.J. (sp) Retired |
D66 N.Y. (reg) Ran |
D67 N.Y. (sp) Died |
D68 N.C. Ran |
FL2 | D77 Wisc. Ran |
D76 Wash. Ran |
D75 Utah Ran |
D74 Tenn. (sp) Ran |
D73 S.D. (reg) Ran S.D. (sp) Retired |
D72 S.C. Ran |
D71 Ore. (reg) Ore. (sp) Retired |
D70 Okla. Ran |
D69 Ohio Ran |
FL1 | I1 | P1 | R15 Vt. Ran |
R14 Pa. Ran |
R13 N.D. Ran |
R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 |
Result of the elections[edit]
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | ||
D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 |
D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 |
D38 | D37 | D36 | D35 | D34 | D33 | D32 | D31 | D30 | D29 |
D39 | D40 | D41 | D42 | D43 | D44 | D45 | D46 Ala. (sp) Elected[b][a] Ala. (reg) Re-elected[a] |
D47 Ariz. Re-elected |
D48 Ark. Re-elected |
Majority → | D49 Calif. Hold | ||||||||
D58 La. Re-elected |
D57 Ky. Re-elected |
D56 Iowa Re-elected |
D55 Ind. Re-elected |
D54 Ill. Hold |
D53 Idaho Hold |
D52 Ga. Re-elected |
D51 Fla. Re-elected |
D50 Colo. Re-elected | |
D59 Md. Re-elected |
D60 Mo. Re-elected |
D61 Nev. Re-elected |
D62 N.Y. (reg) Re-elected |
D63 N.Y. (sp) Hold |
D64 N.C. Re-elected |
D65 Okla. Re-elected |
D66 S.C. Re-elected |
D67 Tenn. (sp) Hold |
D68 Utah Re-elected |
R19 N.J. (sp) Gain |
R20 Ohio Gain |
R21 Ore. (reg) Ore. (sp) Gain |
R22 S.D. (reg) S.D. (sp) Gain |
R23 Wisc. Gain |
P1 | I1 | FL1 | FL2 | D69 Wash. Re-elected |
R18 N.H. Gain |
R17 Kan. Gain |
R16 Conn. Gain |
R15 Vt. Re-elected |
R14 Pa. Re-elected |
R13 N.D. Re-elected |
R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 |
Key: |
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Race summaries[edit]
Special elections during the 75th Congress[edit]
In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1938 or before January 3, 1939; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Alabama (Class 3) |
J. Lister Hill | Democratic | 1938 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected April 26, 1938. |
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New Jersey (Class 1) |
John Milton | Democratic | 1938 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. Winner elected November 8, 1938. Republican gain. |
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New York (Class 1) |
Royal S. Copeland | Democratic | 1922 1928 1934 |
Incumbent died June 17, 1938. Winner elected November 8, 1938. Democratic hold. |
|
Oregon (Class 3) |
Alfred E. Reames | Democratic | 1938 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. Winner elected November 8, 1938. Republican gain. Winner did not run for the next term, however; see below. |
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South Dakota (Class 3) |
Herbert E. Hitchcock | Democratic | 1936 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. Winner elected November 8, 1938. Republican gain. Winner did not run for the next term, however; see below. |
|
Tennessee (Class 2) |
George L. Berry | Democratic | 1937 (Appointed) | Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term. Winner elected November 8, 1938. Democratic hold. Winner delayed his term until January 16, 1939, to finish his term as district attorney. |
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Races leading to the 76th Congress[edit]
In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1939; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Alabama | J. Lister Hill | Democratic | 1938 (Appointed) 1938 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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Arizona | Carl Hayden | Democratic | 1926 1932 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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Arkansas | Hattie Caraway | Democratic | 1931 (Appointed) 1932 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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California | William Gibbs McAdoo | Democratic | 1932 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold. Incumbent then resigned and Thomas M. Storke (D) was appointed to finish the term. |
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Colorado | Alva B. Adams | Democratic | 1923 (Appointed) 1924 (Retired) 1932 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Connecticut | Augustine Lonergan | Democratic | 1932 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. |
|
Florida | Claude Pepper | Democratic | 1936 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia | Walter F. George | Democratic | 1922 (special) 1926 1932 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Idaho | James P. Pope | Democratic | 1932 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Illinois | William H. Dieterich | Democratic | 1932 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Indiana | Frederick Van Nuys | Democratic | 1932 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
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Iowa | Guy Gillette | Democratic | 1936 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kansas | George McGill | Democratic | 1930 (special) 1932 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. |
|
Kentucky | Alben W. Barkley | Democratic | 1926 1932 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Louisiana | John H. Overton | Democratic | 1932 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland | Millard Tydings | Democratic | 1926 1932 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri | Bennett Champ Clark | Democratic | 1932 1933 (Appointed) |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nevada | Pat McCarran | Democratic | 1932 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Hampshire | Fred H. Brown | Democratic | 1932 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. |
|
New York | Robert F. Wagner | Democratic | 1926 1932 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina | Robert R. Reynolds | Democratic | 1932 (special) 1932 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Dakota | Gerald Nye | Republican | 1925 (Appointed) 1926 (special) 1932 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio | Robert J. Bulkley | Democratic | 1930 (special) 1932 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. |
|
Oklahoma | Elmer Thomas | Democratic | 1926 1932 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oregon | Alfred E. Reames | Democratic | 1938 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected. Republican gain. |
|
Pennsylvania | James J. Davis | Republican | 1930 (special) 1932 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina | Ellison D. Smith | Democratic | 1909 1914 1920 1926 1932 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Dakota | Herbert E. Hitchcock | Democratic | 1936 (Appointed) | Interim appointee lost nomination to next term. New senator elected. Republican gain. |
|
Utah | Elbert D. Thomas | Democratic | 1932 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Vermont | Ernest W. Gibson | Republican | 1933 (Appointed) 1934 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Washington | Homer Bone | Democratic | 1932 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin | F. Ryan Duffy | Democratic | 1932 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. |
|
Closest races[edit]
Thirteen races had a margin of victory under 10%:
State | Party of winner | Margin |
---|---|---|
Indiana | Democratic | 0.3% |
Iowa | Democratic | 0.3% |
Connecticut | Republican (flip) | 2.9% |
Illinois | Democratic | 3.0% |
South Dakota | Republican (flip) | 5.0% |
Ohio | Republican (flip) | 7.2% |
New Jersey | Republican (flip) | 7.3% |
North Dakota | Democratic | 7.5% |
New Hampshire | Republican (flip) | 8.4% |
New York | Democratic | 9.5% |
California | Democratic | 9.7% |
Idaho | Democratic | 9.8% |
Oregon | Republican (flip) | 9.8% |
There is no tipping point state.
Alabama[edit]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/HILL%2C_LISTER._HONORABLE_LCCN2016862398_%28cropped%29.jpg/125px-HILL%2C_LISTER._HONORABLE_LCCN2016862398_%28cropped%29.jpg)
There were 2 elections due to the August 19, 1937, resignation of two-term Democrat Hugo Black. Democrat Dixie Bibb Graves was appointed August 20, 1937 (by her husband, the governor) to finish Black's term.
Alabama (special)[edit]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | J. Lister Hill | 90,601 | 61.81% | ||
Democratic | James Thomas Heflin | 50,189 | 34.24% | ||
Democratic | Charles W. Williams | 5,783 | 3.95% | ||
Turnout | 1.87% | ||||
Democratic hold | |||||
Majority | 40,412 | 27.57% |
After congressman J. Lister Hill won the January 4, 1938, Democratic primary, Graves resigned and Hill was appointed to continue the term until the April 26, 1938, special election, which he won unopposed.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | J. Lister Hill (Incumbent) | 49,429 | 100.00% | ||
Turnout | 1.87% | ||||
Democratic hold |
Hill was then easily re-elected in November to the next term.
Alabama (regular)[edit]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | J. Lister Hill (Incumbent) | 113,413 | 86.38% | ||
Republican | J. M. Pennington | 17,885 | 13.62% | ||
None | Scattering | 1 | 0.00% | ||
Majority | 95,528 | 72.76% | |||
Turnout | 131,299 | 4.96% | |||
Democratic hold |
Arizona[edit]
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![]() County results Hayden: 70–80% 80–90% >90% | |||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democrat Carl Hayden was re-elected to a third term, defeating Republican nominee Burt H. Clingan, chairman of the Arizona Industrial Commission, in the general election.
In contrast to previous elections, Hayden was easily reelected, receiving only token opposition from a relatively unknown Republican challenger.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Carl T. Hayden (Incumbent) | 68,328 | 65.48% | |
Democratic | Robert E. Miller | 22,154 | 21.23% | |
Democratic | Whit I. Hughes | 13,867 | 13.29% | |
Total votes | 104,349 | 100.00 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Carl T. Hayden (Incumbent) | 82,714 | 76.52% | |
Republican | Burt H. Clingan | 25,378 | 23.48% | |
Majority | 57,336 | 53.04% | ||
Turnout | 108,092 | |||
Democratic hold |
Arkansas[edit]
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![]() County results Caraway: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90% | |||||||||||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Hattie Wyatt Caraway (Incumbent) | 122,883 | 89.58% | |
Republican | C. T. Atkinson | 14,290 | 10.42% | |
Majority | 108,593 | 79.16% | ||
Turnout | 137,173 | |||
Democratic hold |
California[edit]
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![]() County results Downey: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% Bancroft: 40–50% 50–60% 70–80% | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Sheridan Downey | 1,372,314 | 54.41% | |
Republican | Philip Bancroft | 1,126,240 | 44.65% | |
Socialist | Lillian Symes Clements | 22,569 | 0.89% | |
None | Scattering | 1,019 | 0.04% | |
Majority | 246,074 | 9.76% | ||
Turnout | 2,522,142 | |||
Democratic hold |
Colorado[edit]
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![]() Results by county Adams: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Lee: 40–50% 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Alva B. Adams (Incumbent) | 262,786 | 58.24% | |
Republican | Archibald A. Lee | 181,297 | 40.18% | |
Socialist | Carle Whitehead | 3,604 | 0.80% | |
Independent Progressive | James Allander | 3,522 | 0.78% | |
Majority | 81,489 | 18.06% | ||
Turnout | 451,209 | |||
Democratic hold |
Connecticut[edit]
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![]() County results Danaher: 40–50% 50–60% Lonergan: 40–50% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | John A. Danaher | 270,413 | 42.89% | |
Democratic | Augustine Lonergan (Incumbent) | 252,426 | 40.04% | |
Socialist | Bellani Trombley | 99,282 | 15.75% | |
Socialist Labor | Joseph Mackey | 6,931 | 1.10% | |
American Labor | Philip Brainard | 766 | 0.12% | |
Communist | Michael A. Russo | 615 | 0.10% | |
Majority | 17,987 | 2.85% | ||
Turnout | 630,433 | |||
Republican gain from Democratic |
Florida[edit]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Claude Pepper (Incumbent) | 145,757 | 82.45% | |
Republican | Thomas E. Swanson | 31,035 | 17.55% | |
Majority | 114,722 | 64.90% | ||
Turnout | 176,792 | |||
Democratic hold |
Georgia[edit]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Walter F. George (Incumbent) | 66,987 | 95.09% | |
Independent | Charles A. Jiles | 3,442 | 4.89% | |
Independent | Eugene Talmadge | 14 | 0.02% | |
Majority | 63,545 | 90.20% | ||
Turnout | 70,443 | |||
Democratic hold |
Idaho[edit]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | David Worth Clark | 99,801 | 54.66% | |
Republican | Donald A. Callahan | 81,939 | 44.88% | |
Progressive | V. A. Verhei | 845 | 0.46% | |
Majority | 17,862 | 9.78% | ||
Turnout | 182,585 | |||
Democratic hold |
Illinois[edit]
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![]() County results Lucas: 50–60% 60–70% Lyons: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% | |||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democrat William H. Dieterich retired, making this an open-seat.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Scott W. Lucas | 1,638,162 | 51.32% | |
Republican | Richard J. Lyons | 1,542,574 | 48.33% | |
Prohibition | Enoch A. Holtwick | 10,707 | 0.34% | |
None | Scattering | 569 | 0.02% | |
Majority | 95,588 | 2.99% | ||
Turnout | 3,192,012 | |||
Democratic hold |
Indiana[edit]
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![]() County results Van Nuys: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% Willis: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Frederick Van Nuys (Incumbent) | 788,386 | 49.85% | |
Republican | Raymond E. Willis | 783,189 | 49.52% | |
Prohibition | Herman L. Seeger | 6,905 | 0.44% | |
Socialist | Louis E. Roebuck | 2,026 | 0.13% | |
Communist | Miles Blansett | 984 | 0.06% | |
Majority | 5,197 | 0.33% | ||
Turnout | 1,581,490 | |||
Democratic hold |
Iowa[edit]
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![]() Gillette: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Dickinson: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Guy Gillette (Incumbent) | 413,788 | 49.74% | |
Republican | Lester J. Dickinson | 410,983 | 49.41% | |
Farmer–Labor | George F. Buresch | 4,723 | 0.57% | |
Progressive | Raymond E. Hanke | 1,525 | 0.18% | |
Prohibition | G. W. Bauseman | 820 | 0.10% | |
Majority | 2,805 | 0.33% | ||
Turnout | 831,839 | |||
Democratic hold |
Kansas[edit]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Clyde M. Reed | 419,532 | 56.21% | |
Democratic | George McGill (Incumbent) | 326,774 | 43.78% | |
Independent | Joe Corpstein | 99 | 0.01% | |
Majority | 92,758 | 12.43% | ||
Turnout | 746,405 | |||
Republican gain from Democratic |
Kentucky[edit]
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![]() County results Barkley: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90% Haswell: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% | |||||||||||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Alben W. Barkley (Incumbent) | 346,735 | 62.03% | |
Republican | John P. Haswell | 212,266 | 37.97% | |
Democratic | Happy Chandler (write-in) | 20 | 0.00% | |
Majority | 134,469 | 22.06% | ||
Turnout | 559,021 | |||
Democratic hold |
Louisiana[edit]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | John H. Overton (Incumbent) | 151,582 | 99.84% | |
Independent | Maurice E. Clark | 250 | 0.16% | |
Majority | 151,332 | 99.68% | ||
Turnout | 151,832 | |||
Democratic hold |
Maryland[edit]
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![]() County results Tydings: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% | |||||||||||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Millard Tydings (Incumbent) | 357,245 | 68.28% | |
Republican | Oscar Lesser | 153,253 | 29.29% | |
Union | George W. Hunt | 5,784 | 1.11% | |
Socialist | Elisabeth Gilman | 3,311 | 0.63% | |
American Labor | Frank N. H. Lang | 2,330 | 0.45% | |
Communist | Harry Straw | 1,301 | 0.25% | |
Majority | 203,992 | 38.99% | ||
Turnout | 523,238 | |||
Democratic hold |
Missouri[edit]
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![]() County results Clark: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% Caulfield: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% | |||||||||||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Bennett Champ Clark (Incumbent) | 757,587 | 60.69% | |
Republican | Henry S. Caulfield | 488,687 | 39.15% | |
Socialist | J. G. Hodges | 1,712 | 0.14% | |
Socialist Labor | Karl L. Oberhue | 292 | 0.02% | |
Majority | 268,900 | 21.54% | ||
Turnout | 1,248,278 | |||
Democratic hold |
Nevada[edit]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Pat McCarran (Incumbent) | 27,406 | 58.96% | |
Republican | Tasker Oddie | 19,078 | 41.04% | |
Majority | 8,328 | 17.92% | ||
Turnout | 46,484 | |||
Democratic hold |
New Hampshire[edit]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Charles W. Tobey | 100,633 | 54.23% | |
Democratic | Fred H. Brown (Incumbent) | 84,920 | 45.77% | |
Majority | 15,713 | 8.46% | ||
Turnout | 185,553 | |||
Republican gain from Democratic |
New Jersey (special)[edit]
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![]() County results Barbour: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Ely: 50–60% 70–80% | |||||||||||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | William Warren Barbour | 816,667 | 52.98% | |
Democratic | William H. J. Ely | 704,159 | 45.68% | |
Prohibition | Louis H. Kelley | 8,201 | 0.53% | |
Socialist | John Palangio | 3,671 | 0.24% | |
Townsend | Fred Turner | 3,521 | 0.23% | |
Communist | William Norman | 3,515 | 0.23% | |
Socialist Labor | John C. Butterworth | 1,873 | 0.12% | |
Majority | 112,508 | 7.30% | ||
Turnout | 1,541,607 | |||
Republican gain from Democratic |
New York[edit]
There were 2 elections due to the June 17, 1938, death of three-term Democrat Royal S. Copeland.
New York (regular)[edit]
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![]() County Results Wagner: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% O'Brian: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% | ||||||||||||||||||||
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New York Republicans nominated John Lord O'Brian for the U.S. Senate.[10] Democrats re-nominated the incumbent Wagner.[11] The American Labor party endorsed Wagner.[12]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Robert F. Wagner (Incumbent) | 2,098,919 | 45.80% | |
American Labor | Robert F. Wagner (Incumbent) | 398,410 | 8.69% | |
Total | Robert F. Wagner (Incumbent) | 2,497,029 | 54.48% | |
Republican | John Lord O'Brian | 2,046,794 | 44.66% | |
Independent Progressive | John Lord O'Brian | 11,821 | 0.26% | |
'Total' | John Lord O'Brian | 2,058,615 | 44.92% | |
Socialist | Herman J. Hahn[c] | 23,553 | 0.51% | |
Socialist Labor | O. Martin Olson[d] | 3,851 | 0.08% | |
Total votes | 4,583,048 | 100.00% |
New York (special)[edit]
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![]() Mead: 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% Corsi: 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% | ||||||||||||||||||||
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New York Republicans nominated Edward Corsi for the short term to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Royal S. Copeland.[10] Democrats nominated James M. Mead.[11] The American Labor party endorsed Mead.[12]
Democratic ticket | Republican ticket | American Labor ticket | Socialist ticket | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
James M. Mead | 2,060,876 | Edward F. Corsi | 2,083,666 | James M. Mead | 378,028 | Harry W. Laidler | 27,161 |
North Carolina[edit]
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![]() Results by county Reynolds: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90% Jonas: 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Robert Rice Reynolds (Incumbent) | 316,685 | 63.80% | |
Republican | Charles A. Jonas | 179,650 | 36.20% | |
Majority | 137,035 | 27.60% | ||
Turnout | 496,335 | |||
Democratic hold |
North Dakota[edit]
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![]() County results Nye: 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% Langer: 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Gerald Nye (Incumbent) | 131,907 | 50.12% | |
Independent | William Langer | 112,007 | 42.56% | |
Democratic | J. J. Nygard | 19,244 | 7.31% | |
Majority | 19,900 | 7.56% | ||
Turnout | 263,158 | |||
Republican hold |
Ohio[edit]
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![]() County results Taft: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Bulkley: 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Robert A. Taft | 1,255,414 | 53.62% | |
Democratic | Robert J. Bulkley (Incumbent) | 1,085,792 | 46.38% | |
Majority | 169,622 | 7.24% | ||
Turnout | 2,341,206 | |||
Republican gain from Democratic |
Oklahoma[edit]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Elmer Thomas (Incumbent) | 307,936 | 65.37% | |
Republican | Harry G. Glasser | 159,734 | 33.91% | |
Prohibition | P. C. Nelson | 2,220 | 0.47% | |
Independent | Raymond B. Clark | 603 | 0.13% | |
Independent | Herndon J. Thompson | 573 | 0.12% | |
Majority | 148,202 | 31.46% | ||
Turnout | 471,066 | |||
Democratic hold |
Oregon[edit]
There were 2 elections for the same seat, due to the January 31, 1938, resignation of two-term Republican Frederick Steiwer. Democratic businessman Alfred E. Reames was appointed February 1, 1938, to continue the term, pending a special election, but he did not run in either the special or the general elections.
Oregon (special)[edit]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Alexander_Grant_Barry.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/1938_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Oregon_results_map_by_county.svg/250px-1938_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Oregon_results_map_by_county.svg.png)
Barry: 50–60% 60–70%
Miller: 50–60%
Republican Alexander G. Barry was elected to finish the term, but was not a candidate for the next term.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Alexander G. Barry | 180,815 | 54.20% | |
Democratic | Robert A. Miller | 152,773 | 45.80% | |
None | Scattering | 3 | 0.00% | |
Majority | 28,042 | 8.40% | ||
Turnout | 333,591 | |||
Republican gain from Democratic |
Oregon (regular)[edit]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Rufus_Holman.jpg/125px-Rufus_Holman.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/1938_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oregon_results_map_by_county.svg/250px-1938_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oregon_results_map_by_county.svg.png)
Holman: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80%
Mahoney: 50–60%
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Rufus C. Holman | 203,120 | 54.86% | |
Democratic | Willis Mahoney | 167,135 | 45.14% | |
None | Scattering | 6 | 0.00% | |
Majority | 35,985 | 9.72% | ||
Turnout | 370,261 | |||
Republican gain from Democratic |
Pennsylvania[edit]
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![]() County Results: Davis: 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% Earle: 50-60% | |||||||||||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | James J. Davis (incumbent) | 2,086,931 | 54.70% | |
Democratic | George H. Earle | 1,694,367 | 44.41% | |
Socialist | David H. H. Felix | 20,155 | 0.53% | |
Prohibition | Forest S. Van Valin | 9,327 | 0.24% | |
Pathfinders | Reginald B. Naugle | 2,508 | 0.07% | |
Communist | Pat Toohey | 1,530 | 0.04% | |
None | Scattering | 104 | 0.00% | |
Majority | 392,564 | 10.29% | ||
Turnout | 3,814,922 | |||
Republican hold |
South Carolina[edit]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ellison D. Smith (Incumbent) | 45,351 | 98.89% | |
Republican | J. D. E. Meyer | 508 | 1.11% | |
None | Scattering | 2 | 0.00% | |
Majority | 44,843 | 97.78% | ||
Turnout | 45,861 | |||
Democratic hold |
South Dakota[edit]
There were 2 elections for the same seat due to the December 20, 1936, death of three-term Republican Peter Norbeck. Democrat Herbert Hitchcock was appointed December 29, 1936, to continue the term, pending a special election.
South Dakota (special)[edit]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gladys_Pyle.jpg/125px-Gladys_Pyle.jpg)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Gladys Pyle | 155,292 | 58.06% | |
Democratic | John T. McCullen | 112,177 | 41.94% | |
Majority | 43,115 | 16.12% | ||
Turnout | 267,469 | |||
Republican gain from Democratic |
South Dakota (regular)[edit]
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![]() County results Gurney: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Berry: 50–60% 60–70% No Vote: | |||||||||||||||||
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Hitchcock lost the Democratic May 3, 1938, primary for the next term to Governor of South Dakota Tom Berry.[14]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | John Chandler Gurney[15] | 146,813 | 52.46% | |
Democratic | Tom Berry | 133,064 | 47.54% | |
Majority | 13,749 | 4.92% | ||
Turnout | 279,877 | |||
Republican gain from Democratic |
Tennessee (special)[edit]
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Tom Stewart | 194,028 | 70.50% | |
Republican | Harley G. Fowler | 72,098 | 26.20% | |
Independent | John Randolph Neal Jr. | 9,106 | 3.31% | |
Majority | 21,930 | 44.30% | ||
Turnout | 275,232 | |||
Democratic hold |
Utah[edit]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Elbert D. Thomas (Incumbent) | 102,353 | 55.80% | |
Republican | Franklin S. Harris | 81,071 | 44.20% | |
Majority | 21,282 | 11.60% | ||
Turnout | 183,424 | |||
Democratic hold |
Vermont[edit]
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Ernest Willard Gibson (Incumbent) | 73,990 | 65.58% | |
Democratic | John McGrath | 38,673 | 34.28% | |
None | Scattering | 161 | 0.14% | |
Majority | 35,317 | 31.30% | ||
Turnout | 112,824 | |||
Republican hold |
Washington[edit]
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![]() Results by county Bone: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Colvin: 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Homer Bone (Incumbent) | 371,535 | 62.62% | |
Republican | Ewing D. Colvin | 220,204 | 37.12% | |
Socialist Labor | Eugene Solie | 1,553 | 0.26% | |
Majority | 151,331 | 25.50% | ||
Turnout | 593,292 | |||
Democratic hold |
Wisconsin[edit]
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![]() County results Wiley: 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Ekern: 40–50% Duffy: 30–40% 40–50% | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Alexander Wiley | 416,770 | 45.92% | |
Progressive | Herman Ekern | 249,209 | 27.46% | |
Democratic | F. Ryan Duffy (Incumbent) | 231,976 | 25.56% | |
Townsend | John B. Chapple | 7,251 | 0.80% | |
Independent Communist | Fred Basset Blair | 1,283 | 0.14% | |
Independent Socialist Labor | Joseph Erhardt | 1,014 | 0.11% | |
None | Scattering | 31 | 0.00% | |
Majority | 167,561 | 18.46% | ||
Turnout | 907,534 | |||
Republican gain from Democratic |
Further reading[edit]
- Dunn, Susan. Roosevelt's Purge: How FDR Fought to Change the Democratic Party (2010) excerpt and text search
- Hixson, Walter L. "The 1938 Kentucky Senate Election: Alben W. Barkley, "Happy" Chandler, and The New Deal." Register of the Kentucky Historical Society (1982): 309–329. in JSTOR
- Plesur, Milton. "The Republican Congressional Comeback of 1938", Review of Politics Vol. 24, No. 4 (October 1962), pp. 525–562 in JSTOR
- Official New York result: LEHMAN PLURALITY OFFICIALLY 64,394; State Board Puts His Vote Finally at 2,391,286, With 2,326,892 for Dewey LABOR'S POLL AT 419,979 Blank, Void and Scattered Ballots Totaled 75,047; Poletti Won by 229,361 in NYT on December 8, 1938 (subscription required)
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b c On the day of the special election, the interim appointee, Dixie Bibb Graves had resigned and been replaced by a new interim appointee — J. Lister Hill — who then won the special election ("Hold") and was re-elected in November ("Re-elected").
- ^ Appointee elected
- ^ Rev. Herman J. Hahn, of Buffalo, ran also for Lieutenant Governor in 1928 and 1936.
- ^ O. Martin Olson, of Jamestown, ran also for Comptroller in 1934
References[edit]
- ^ 1939 Britannica Book of the Year, "Democratic Party". pp. 205–206.
- ^ LIFE. Time Inc. 1994. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-88682-602-4. ISSN 0024-3019. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
- ^ Murphy, Paul (1974). Political Parties In American History, Volume 3, 1890-present. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - AL US Senate - Special D Primary Race - Jan 04, 1938". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - AL US Senate - Special Election Race - Apr 26, 1938". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1938" (PDF). Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - AL US Senate Race - Nov 08, 1938". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - AZ US Senate - D Primary Race - Sep 13, 1938". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - AZ US Senate Race - Nov 08, 1938". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- ^ a b Hagerty, James A. (September 30, 1938). "DEWEY NOMINATED BY REPUBLICANS; ATTACKES TAMMANY; CHOICE BY ACCLAMATION Dewey Defends Decision to Run Points to Prosecuting Staff HAILED IN OVATION Prosecutor Promises to Rid State of 'Corruption' in 'Bigger Job' O'Brian and Corsi Nominated for Senate--A. V. McDermott for Attorney General DEWEY NOMINATED BY REPUBLICANS Republican Mayor Gets Bid to Inauguration Delay in Completing Ticket Criticizes Farm Legislation Politics the Biggest Racket". The New York Times. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- ^ a b Times, Warren Moscowspecial To the New York (October 1, 1938). "LEHMAN IS DRAFTED FOR FOURTH TERM; HE ATTACKS DEWEY; POLETTI ON TICKET Yielding to Pleas to Run, Governor Insists on Justice as Aide CALLS RIVAL UNQUALIFIED Rochester Platform Hits Republican's Crime Issue--Wagner, Mead Are Nominated Calls Dewey Inexperienced Dewey Crime Speech a Factor LEHMAN DRAFTED FOR FOURTH TERM Platform Strong for New Deal La Guardia a Meed Champion Farley Predicts a Big Victory Hailed as". The New York Times. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
- ^ a b Hagerty, James A. (October 4, 1938). "LABORITES NAME LEHMAN WAGNER; ADOPT PLATFORM; OVATION FOR BOTH Governor, Accepting, Stresses Policy of Law Enforcement POLETTI ALSO NOMINATED Endorsement Efforts Fall Wagner Cites Record La Guardia is Acclaimed as He Urges Candidates Friendly to Roosevelt LABORITIES NAME LEHMAN, WAGNER Yields to Dubinsky Lehman Is Acclaimed Hillman Offers Wagner's Name Vladeck in Seconding Speech". The New York Times. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
- ^ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - SD US Senate - D Primary Race - May 03, 1938". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - SD US Senate - R Primary Race - May 03, 1938". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 17, 2020.