Sanqiao language: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Mixed language spoken in Guizhou, China}} |
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{{Infobox language |
{{Infobox language |
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|name=Sanqiao |
|name=Sanqiao |
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|speakers=6,000 |
|speakers=6,000 |
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|date=2017 |
|date=2017 |
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|ref= |
|ref=<ref name="Yu2017"/> |
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|familycolor= |
|familycolor=Hmong-Mien |
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|fam2=[[Hmongic languages|Hmongic]] |
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|family=[[mixed language|mixed]] [[Dong language|Dong]]–[[Hmu language|Miao]] |
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|fam3=[[Hmu language|East Hmongic]] |
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|fam4=Eastern Qiandong Miao |
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|iso3=none |
|iso3=none |
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|glotto= |
|glotto=sanq1234 |
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|glottorefname=Sanqiao |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Sanqiao |
'''Sanqiao''' ({{zh|c=三锹话/三橇话}}) is a [[Hmongic language|Hmongic]] language spoken in [[Jinping County, Guizhou|Jinping County]] and [[Liping County]], [[Guizhou]], China by about 6,000 people.<ref name="Yu2017"/> |
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The Sanqiao people sing traditional songs using the Suantang language (酸汤话), |
The Sanqiao people sing traditional songs using the Suantang language ({{lang|zh|酸汤话}}), a Sinitic language that is similar to [[New Xiang]].<ref name="Yu2017"/> |
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==Classification== |
==Classification== |
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A study by Hsiu (2024) found that Sanqiao is an [[Hmu language|East Hmongic]] (Central Miao) language, belonging to the East Qiandong dialectal group.<ref>{{cite conference |url=https://www.academia.edu/121034570/The_core_lexicon_of_Sanqiao_a_Hmongic_language_of_Guizhou |title=The core lexicon of Sanqiao: a Hmongic language of Guizhou |last=Hsiu |first=Andrew |date=2024 |location=Taipei |conference=SEALS 33 (33rd Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistic Society)}}</ref> |
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⚫ | Sanqiao vocabulary is |
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⚫ | Earlier demographic studies performed by non-linguists claimed that Sanqiao vocabulary is about 30–40% Miao ([[Hmu language|Hmu]]) and 40%-50% Dong ([[Kam language|Kam]]), with the remainder consisting of Chinese words.<ref name="Yu2017">Yu Dazhong [余达忠]. 2017. "Ethnic Interactions and the Formation of the Sanqiu People in the Borderland of Modern Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces [近代湘黔桂边区的族群互动和“三锹人”的形成]". In ''Journal of Guizhou Education University'' [贵州师范学院学报], Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan 2017).</ref> |
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Sanqiao speakers can understand the local Dong and Miao dialects, but the Dong and Miao cannot understand the Sanqiao language.<ref name="Yu2017"/> |
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==Distribution== |
==Distribution== |
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In [[Liping County]] and [[Jinping County, Guizhou|Jinping County]], [[Guizhou]], the Sanqiao live in just over 20 villages, with over 6,000 people.<ref name="Yu2017"/> |
In [[Liping County]] and [[Jinping County, Guizhou|Jinping County]], [[Guizhou]], the Sanqiao live in just over 20 villages, with over 6,000 people (Yu 2017).<ref name="Yu2017"/> |
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Sanqiao in a broader sense, however, is a grouping of about 30,000 people who speak unrelated languages, |
Sanqiao in a broader sense, however, is a grouping of about 30,000 people who speak unrelated languages, who are spread across Jingzhou, Huitong, Tongdao, and Suining counties of [[Hunan]], and Liping, Jinping, and Tianzhu counties of [[Guizhou]].<ref name="Yu2017"/> In Hunan, they are also known as the Flowery Miao ({{lang|zh|花苗}}) or Flowery-Clothed Miao ({{lang|zh|花衣苗}}), while in Guizhou they are known as the Sanqiao people ({{lang|zh|三撬人}}).<ref name="Yu2017"/> |
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The Sanqiao are distributed in the following locations of [[Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture|Qiandongnan Prefecture]], [[Guizhou]].<ref>邓刚. 三锹人与清水江中下游的山地开发 |
The Sanqiao are distributed in the following locations of [[Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture|Qiandongnan Prefecture]], [[Guizhou]] (Deng 2010).<ref>Deng Gang 邓刚. 2010. "Sanqiaoren yu Qingshuijiang zhongxiayou de shandi kaifa — yi Qiandongnan Jinpingxian Cenwucun wei zhongxin de kaocha 三锹人与清水江中下游的山地开发—以黔东南锦屏县岑梧村为中心的考察." In ''Journal of Original Ecological National Culture'' 原生态民族文化学刊杂志, 2010, no. 2, vol. 1. http://www.xueshu.com/ystmzwhxk/201001/18021888.html</ref> There are 22 villages in total. |
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*[[Liping County]] |
*[[Liping County]] |
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**Pingdi Township 平底乡, Shangchong District 尚重区: Cendun 岑趸, Wushan 乌山, Bijie 俾嗟, Yanpi 眼批, Dongweng 董翁, Guidou 归斗, Guiya 归雅, Wule 乌勒, Pingdi 平底, Wupeng 乌碰, Tangtu 塘途, Gaoliang 高练, Biyazhai 俾雅寨 |
**Pingdi Township 平底乡, Shangchong District 尚重区: Cendun 岑趸, Wushan 乌山, Bijie 俾嗟, Yanpi 眼批, Dongweng 董翁, Guidou 归斗, Guiya 归雅, Wule 乌勒, Pingdi 平底, Wupeng 乌碰, Tangtu 塘途, Gaoliang 高练, Biyazhai 俾雅寨 |
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**Dajia Township 大稼乡: Cennuzhai 岑努寨 |
**Dajia Township 大稼乡: Cennuzhai 岑努寨 |
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*[[Jinping County, Guizhou|Jinping County]] |
*[[Jinping County, Guizhou|Jinping County]] |
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**Pinglüe 平略 and Qimeng 启蒙 townships: Zhaizao 寨早, Wendou 文斗, Shengli 胜利, Guben 固本, Xinming 新明, Dicha 地茶, Qimeng 启蒙, Yuhe |
**Pinglüe 平略 and Qimeng 启蒙 townships: Zhaizao 寨早, Wendou 文斗, Shengli 胜利, Guben 固本, Xinming 新明, Dicha 地茶, Qimeng 启蒙, Yuhe 裕河 |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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*Yu Dazhong [余达忠]. 2017. "Ethnic Interactions and the Formation of the Sanqiu People in the Borderland of Modern |
*Yu Dazhong [余达忠]. 2017. "Ethnic Interactions and the Formation of the Sanqiu People in the Borderland of Modern Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces [近代湘黔桂边区的族群互动和“三锹人”的形成]". In ''Journal of Guizhou Education University'' [贵州师范学院学报], Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan 2017). |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.zghuamiao.com/nd.jsp?id=180 “锹人”释考] |
*[http://www.zghuamiao.com/nd.jsp?id=180 “锹人”释考] |
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{{Tai-Kadai languages}} |
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{{Hmong-Mien languages}} |
{{Hmong-Mien languages}} |
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{{Languages of China}} |
{{Languages of China}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Languages of Guizhou]] |
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[[Category:Languages of China]] |
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[[Category:Mixed languages]] |
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[[Category:Hmongic languages]] |
[[Category:Hmongic languages]] |
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[[Category:Kam-Sui languages]] |
Latest revision as of 08:26, 15 June 2024
Sanqiao | |
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Native to | China |
Region | Guizhou |
Ethnicity | Miao |
Native speakers | 6,000 (2017)[1] |
Hmong–Mien
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | None (mis ) |
Glottolog | sanq1234 |
Sanqiao (Chinese: 三锹话/三橇话) is a Hmongic language spoken in Jinping County and Liping County, Guizhou, China by about 6,000 people.[1]
The Sanqiao people sing traditional songs using the Suantang language (酸汤话), a Sinitic language that is similar to New Xiang.[1]
Classification
[edit]A study by Hsiu (2024) found that Sanqiao is an East Hmongic (Central Miao) language, belonging to the East Qiandong dialectal group.[2]
Earlier demographic studies performed by non-linguists claimed that Sanqiao vocabulary is about 30–40% Miao (Hmu) and 40%-50% Dong (Kam), with the remainder consisting of Chinese words.[1]
Sanqiao speakers can understand the local Dong and Miao dialects, but the Dong and Miao cannot understand the Sanqiao language.[1]
Distribution
[edit]In Liping County and Jinping County, Guizhou, the Sanqiao live in just over 20 villages, with over 6,000 people (Yu 2017).[1]
Sanqiao in a broader sense, however, is a grouping of about 30,000 people who speak unrelated languages, who are spread across Jingzhou, Huitong, Tongdao, and Suining counties of Hunan, and Liping, Jinping, and Tianzhu counties of Guizhou.[1] In Hunan, they are also known as the Flowery Miao (花苗) or Flowery-Clothed Miao (花衣苗), while in Guizhou they are known as the Sanqiao people (三撬人).[1]
The Sanqiao are distributed in the following locations of Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou (Deng 2010).[3] There are 22 villages in total.
- Liping County
- Pingdi Township 平底乡, Shangchong District 尚重区: Cendun 岑趸, Wushan 乌山, Bijie 俾嗟, Yanpi 眼批, Dongweng 董翁, Guidou 归斗, Guiya 归雅, Wule 乌勒, Pingdi 平底, Wupeng 乌碰, Tangtu 塘途, Gaoliang 高练, Biyazhai 俾雅寨
- Dajia Township 大稼乡: Cennuzhai 岑努寨
- Jinping County
- Pinglüe 平略 and Qimeng 启蒙 townships: Zhaizao 寨早, Wendou 文斗, Shengli 胜利, Guben 固本, Xinming 新明, Dicha 地茶, Qimeng 启蒙, Yuhe 裕河
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h Yu Dazhong [余达忠]. 2017. "Ethnic Interactions and the Formation of the Sanqiu People in the Borderland of Modern Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces [近代湘黔桂边区的族群互动和“三锹人”的形成]". In Journal of Guizhou Education University [贵州师范学院学报], Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan 2017).
- ^ Hsiu, Andrew (2024). The core lexicon of Sanqiao: a Hmongic language of Guizhou. SEALS 33 (33rd Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistic Society). Taipei.
- ^ Deng Gang 邓刚. 2010. "Sanqiaoren yu Qingshuijiang zhongxiayou de shandi kaifa — yi Qiandongnan Jinpingxian Cenwucun wei zhongxin de kaocha 三锹人与清水江中下游的山地开发—以黔东南锦屏县岑梧村为中心的考察." In Journal of Original Ecological National Culture 原生态民族文化学刊杂志, 2010, no. 2, vol. 1. http://www.xueshu.com/ystmzwhxk/201001/18021888.html
- Yu Dazhong [余达忠]. 2017. "Ethnic Interactions and the Formation of the Sanqiu People in the Borderland of Modern Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces [近代湘黔桂边区的族群互动和“三锹人”的形成]". In Journal of Guizhou Education University [贵州师范学院学报], Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan 2017).