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'''''Treaty 11''''', the last of the [[Numbered Treaties]], was an agreement established between 1921 and 1922 between King [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]] and various [[First Nations in Canada|First Nation]] [[band government]]s in what is today the [[Northwest Territories]]. |
'''''Treaty 11''''', the last of the [[Numbered Treaties]], was an agreement established between 1921 and 1922 between King [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]] and various [[First Nations in Canada|First Nation]] [[band government]]s in what is today the [[Northwest Territories]]. |
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Henry Anthony Conroy was appointed treaty commissioner and conducted the negotiations and signings in 1921. However, he was unable to gain signatures from some bands in the Liard district during that summer. Further complicating matters was Conroy's death in April 1922. Thomas William Harris, the [[Indian Agent (Canada)|Indian Agent]] at [[Fort Simpson]], Conroy's replacement, conducted the remaining treaty signings at Liard in July 1922. The signatories included Bishop Gabriel-Joseph-Elie Breynat of the [[Apostolic Vicariate of Mackenzie]].<ref name="text">[ |
Henry Anthony Conroy was appointed treaty commissioner and conducted the negotiations and signings in 1921. However, he was unable to gain signatures from some bands in the Liard district during that summer. Further complicating matters was Conroy's death in April 1922. Thomas William Harris, the [[Indian Agent (Canada)|Indian Agent]] at [[Fort Simpson]], Conroy's replacement, conducted the remaining treaty signings at Liard in July 1922. The signatories included Bishop Gabriel-Joseph-Elie Breynat of the [[Apostolic Vicariate of Mackenzie]].<ref name="text">[https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/aboriginaldocs/treaty/html/t-treaty11.htm Treaty No. 11 (27 June 1921) and Adhesion (17 July 1922) with Reports, etc.]</ref> |
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The boundary between [[Treaty 8]] and Treaty 11 is ambiguous. The [[Yellowknives Dene First Nation]] is a signatory to Treaty 8, but according to the text of the treaties the Yellowknife Nation's territory, known as Chief Drygeese Territory, is within Treaty 11. |
The boundary between [[Treaty 8]] and Treaty 11 is ambiguous. The [[Yellowknives Dene First Nation]] is a signatory to Treaty 8, but according to the text of the treaties the Yellowknife Nation's territory, known as Chief Drygeese Territory, is within Treaty 11. |
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==Timeline |
==Timeline== |
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* 27 June 1921: [[Fort Providence]] signing |
* 27 June 1921: [[Fort Providence]] signing |
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* 11 July 1921: [[Fort Simpson]] signing |
* 11 July 1921: [[Fort Simpson]] signing |
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* 22 August 1921: [[Behchoko|Fort Rae]] signing |
* 22 August 1921: [[Behchoko|Fort Rae]] signing |
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* 27 April 1922: treaty commissioner Henry Anthony Conroy dies |
* 27 April 1922: treaty commissioner Henry Anthony Conroy dies |
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* 17 July 1922: [[Fort Liard|Liard]] signing under new commissioner Harris |
* 17 July 1922: [[Fort Liard|Liard]] signing under new commissioner Harris<ref name="text" /> |
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==List of ''Treaty 11'' First Nations== |
==List of ''Treaty 11'' First Nations== |
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*[[West Point First Nation]] |
*[[West Point First Nation]] |
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*[[Wha Ti First Nation]]{{col-end}} |
*[[Wha Ti First Nation]]{{col-end}} |
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Although parts of Treaty 11 lands are in the Yukon, none of the First Nations centered in the Yukon, including [[Liard First Nation]], are linked to any signatories of Treaty 11.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yukon Indian People |title=Together Today for Our Children Tomorrow: A Statement of Grievances and an Approach to Settlement |date=January 1973 |publisher=Council for Yukon Indians |location=Whitehorse |pages=Appendix V, 88-89 |url=https://cyfn.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/together_today_for_our_children_tomorrow.pdf}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Latest revision as of 18:19, 15 June 2024
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Treaty 11, the last of the Numbered Treaties, was an agreement established between 1921 and 1922 between King George V and various First Nation band governments in what is today the Northwest Territories.
Henry Anthony Conroy was appointed treaty commissioner and conducted the negotiations and signings in 1921. However, he was unable to gain signatures from some bands in the Liard district during that summer. Further complicating matters was Conroy's death in April 1922. Thomas William Harris, the Indian Agent at Fort Simpson, Conroy's replacement, conducted the remaining treaty signings at Liard in July 1922. The signatories included Bishop Gabriel-Joseph-Elie Breynat of the Apostolic Vicariate of Mackenzie.[1]
The boundary between Treaty 8 and Treaty 11 is ambiguous. The Yellowknives Dene First Nation is a signatory to Treaty 8, but according to the text of the treaties the Yellowknife Nation's territory, known as Chief Drygeese Territory, is within Treaty 11.
Timeline
[edit]- 27 June 1921: Fort Providence signing
- 11 July 1921: Fort Simpson signing
- 13 July 1921: Fort Wrigley signing
- 15 July 1921: Fort Norman signing
- 21 July 1921: Good Hope signing
- 26 July 1921: Arctic Red River signing
- 28 July 1921: Fort McPherson signing
- 22 August 1921: Fort Rae signing
- 27 April 1922: treaty commissioner Henry Anthony Conroy dies
- 17 July 1922: Liard signing under new commissioner Harris[1]
List of Treaty 11 First Nations
[edit]Although parts of Treaty 11 lands are in the Yukon, none of the First Nations centered in the Yukon, including Liard First Nation, are linked to any signatories of Treaty 11.[2]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Treaty No. 11 (27 June 1921) and Adhesion (17 July 1922) with Reports, etc.
- ^ Yukon Indian People (January 1973). Together Today for Our Children Tomorrow: A Statement of Grievances and an Approach to Settlement (PDF). Whitehorse: Council for Yukon Indians. pp. Appendix V, 88–89.
External links
[edit]- Treaty Texts - Treaty No. 11 from the Government of Canada
- Treaty 11 NWT Historical Timeline, Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre
- Treaty 11 photograph of the treaty. Further down the page are pictures of Chief Jimmy Bruneau, one of the original signatories, in his Treaty Suit.
- Treaty 11 area map
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