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A '''hybrid genre''' is a [[literary genre|literary]] or [[film genre]] that blends themes and elements from two or more different |
A '''hybrid genre''' is a [[literary genre|literary]] or [[film genre]] that blends themes and elements from two or more different genres. Works in hybrid genres are also referred to as '''cross-genre''', '''multi-genre''', '''mixed genre''', or '''fusion genre'''. The ''Dictionary of Media and Communication'' describes hybrid genre as "the combination of two or more genres", which may combine elements of more than one genre and/or which may "cut across categories such as fact and fiction".<ref name="oxford">{{cite web |date=22 February 1999 |title=Hybrid genre |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20111108103413377 |access-date=21 July 2023 |work=A Dictionary of Media and Communication |via=Oxford Reference}}</ref> Some such sub-genres have acquired their own specialised names, such as [[comedy drama]], [[romantic comedy]] ("rom-com"), [[horror Western]], and [[docudrama]]. |
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==History== |
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The origin of the word ''hybrid'' is the [[Latin]] word for "[[mongrel]]".<ref name=oxford>{{cite web | title=Hybrid genre | via=Oxford Reference|work=A Dictionary of Media and Communication| date=22 February 1999 | url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20111108103413377 | access-date=21 July 2023}}</ref> |
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Hybrid genres are a longstanding element in the fictional process. An early example is [[William Blake]]'s ''[[Marriage of Heaven and Hell]]'', with its blend of poetry, prose, and engravings.<ref>M. Singer/W. Walker, ''Bending Genre'' (2013) p. 21-2</ref> |
Hybrid genres are a longstanding element in the fictional process. An early example is [[William Blake]]'s ''[[Marriage of Heaven and Hell]]'', with its blend of poetry, prose, and engravings.<ref>M. Singer/W. Walker, ''Bending Genre'' (2013) p. 21-2</ref> |
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==Definition and terminology== |
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The [[Oxford University Press|Oxford]] reference work ''Dictionary of Media and Communication'' describes the hybrid genre as "the combination of two or more genres", which may combine elements of more than one genre, and/or which may "cut across categories such as [[fact]] and [[fiction]]".<ref name=oxford/> Other terms for hybrid genre works include "cross-genre", "multi-genre", "mixed genre", and "fusion genre".{{cn|date=July 2023}} |
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A genre is distinguished by particular character types, settings, and points in the storyline. Storytellers or filmmakers may create works that have elements of more than one genre, which may allow for changes in tone through the work.<ref name=farout>{{cite web | title=10 essential films that define genre-hybridity | website=Far Out Magazine | date=4 August 2022 | url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/10-essential-films-genre-hybridity/ | access-date=21 July 2023}}</ref> |
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==Examples== |
==Examples== |
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In contemporary literature, [[Dimitris Lyacos]]'s trilogy ''[[Dimitris Lyacos#Poena Damni|Poena Damni]]'' combines fictional prose with drama and poetry in a multilayered narrative developing through the different characters of the work.<ref>{{cite web|date=2011-03-14|title=Reviews: Z213: Exit by Dimitris Lyacos|website= Write From Wrong Literary Magazine|url=http://writefromwrongmag.wordpress.com/2011/03/14/reviews-march/|access-date=2015-11-07|publisher=Writefromwrongmag.wordpress.com}}</ref> |
In contemporary literature, [[Dimitris Lyacos]]'s trilogy ''[[Dimitris Lyacos#Poena Damni|Poena Damni]]'' combines fictional prose with drama and poetry in a multilayered narrative developing through the different characters of the work.<ref>{{cite web|date=2011-03-14|title=Reviews: Z213: Exit by Dimitris Lyacos|website= Write From Wrong Literary Magazine|url=http://writefromwrongmag.wordpress.com/2011/03/14/reviews-march/|access-date=2015-11-07|publisher=Writefromwrongmag.wordpress.com}}</ref> |
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Many contemporary women of color have published cross-genre works, including [[Theresa Hak Kyung Cha]], [[Giannina Braschi]], [[Guadalupe Nettel]], and [[Bhanu Kapil]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=How I Learned To Love Experimental Fiction As A Brown Girl By Seeking Out Books By Women Of Color|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/how-i-learned-to-love-experimental-fiction-as-a-brown-girl-by-seeking-out-books-by-women-of-color-15863937|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Bustle|language=en}}</ref> [[Giannina Braschi]] creates linguistic and structural hybrids of comic fantasy and tragic comedy in Spanish, [[Spanglish]], and English prose and poetry.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-08-06|title="What to Read Now: Mixed-Genre Literature," Giannina Braschi|url=https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/2012/september/what-read-now-mixed-genre-literature-giannina-braschi|access-date=2020-10-11|website=World Literature Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marting|first=Diane E.|date=2010|title=New/Nueva York in Giannina Braschi's |
Many contemporary women of color have published cross-genre works, including [[Theresa Hak Kyung Cha]], [[Giannina Braschi]], [[Guadalupe Nettel]], and [[Bhanu Kapil]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=How I Learned To Love Experimental Fiction As A Brown Girl By Seeking Out Books By Women Of Color|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/how-i-learned-to-love-experimental-fiction-as-a-brown-girl-by-seeking-out-books-by-women-of-color-15863937|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Bustle|date=25 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref> [[Giannina Braschi]] creates linguistic and structural hybrids of comic fantasy and tragic comedy in Spanish, [[Spanglish]], and English prose and poetry.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-08-06|title="What to Read Now: Mixed-Genre Literature," Giannina Braschi|url=https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/2012/september/what-read-now-mixed-genre-literature-giannina-braschi|access-date=2020-10-11|website=World Literature Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marting|first=Diane E.|date=2010|title=New/Nueva York in Giannina Braschi's "Poetic Egg": Fragile Identity, Postmodernism, and Globalization|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/gso.2010.4.1.167|journal=The Global South|volume=4|issue=1|pages=167–182|doi=10.2979/gso.2010.4.1.167|jstor=10.2979/gso.2010.4.1.167 |issn=1932-8648}}</ref> [[Carmen Maria Machado]] mixes [[Psychological fiction|psychological realism]] and [[science fiction]] with both humor and elements of [[Gothic fiction|gothic horror]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-09|title=13 Latina Fantasy Books For the Sci-Fi Lover in Your Life|url=https://fierce.wearemitu.com/things-that-matter/these-13-latinx-sci-fi-books-make-the-most-magical-christmas-gifts/|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Fierce|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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[[Dean Koontz]] considers himself a cross-genre writer, not a [[Horror fiction|horror]] writer: "I write cross-genre books-suspense mixed with love story, with humor, sometimes with two tablespoons of science fiction, sometimes with a pinch of horror, sometimes with a sprinkle of paprika..."<ref>Koontz, Dean. "Afterword", ''Lightning'', G.P. Putnam's Sons hardcover edition, January 1988. Berkley Publishing Group, mass market edition, May 1989. p. 360</ref> |
[[Dean Koontz]] considers himself a cross-genre writer, not a [[Horror fiction|horror]] writer: "I write cross-genre books-suspense mixed with love story, with humor, sometimes with two tablespoons of science fiction, sometimes with a pinch of horror, sometimes with a sprinkle of paprika..."<ref>Koontz, Dean. "Afterword", ''Lightning'', G.P. Putnam's Sons hardcover edition, January 1988. Berkley Publishing Group, mass market edition, May 1989. p. 360</ref> |
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===Film=== |
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Examples of hybrid |
Examples of hybrid genre films include: |
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*''[[Grease (film)|Grease]]'' (1978; [[Musical film|musical]], comedy, [[Romance film|romance]], [[Coming of age film|coming-of-age]])<ref name=farout/> |
*''[[Grease (film)|Grease]]'' (1978; [[Musical film|musical]], comedy, [[Romance film|romance]], [[Coming of age film|coming-of-age]])<ref name="farout">{{cite web |date=4 August 2022 |title=10 essential films that define genre-hybridity |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/10-essential-films-genre-hybridity/ |access-date=21 July 2023 |website=Far Out Magazine}}</ref> |
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*''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit |
*''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' (1988; [[action film|live action]], [[animated film|animation]], [[Mystery film| mystery]])<ref name=farout/> |
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*''[[Back to the Future 3]]'' (1990; [[science fiction film|science fiction]] and [[western film|western]])<ref name=oxford/> |
*''[[Back to the Future 3]]'' (1990; [[science fiction film|science fiction]] and [[western film|western]])<ref name=oxford/> |
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*''[[Punch-Drunk Love]]'' (2002; rom-com, [[psychological drama]], musical, [[screwball comedy]] |
*''[[Punch-Drunk Love]]'' (2002; rom-com, [[psychological drama]], musical, [[screwball comedy]]) |
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*''[[Shaun of the Dead]]'' (2004; [[Horror film|horror]], [[Survival film|survival]], [[comedy film|comedy]])<ref name=farout/> |
*''[[Shaun of the Dead]]'' (2004; [[Horror film|horror]], [[Survival film|survival]], [[comedy film|comedy]])<ref name=farout/> |
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*''[[Let the Right One In (film)|Let the Right One In]]'' (2008; horror ([[vampire film|vampire]]), romance, coming-of-age, [[Nordic noir]])<ref name=ding2017a>{{cite web | title=The 20 Best Genre-Hybrid Movies of The 21st Century (1) | website=Taste of Cinema |first=Kevin |last=Ding | date=13 July 2017 | url=http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2017/the-20-best-genre-hybrid-movies-of-the-21st-century/ | access-date=21 July 2023}}</ref> |
*''[[Let the Right One In (film)|Let the Right One In]]'' (2008; horror ([[vampire film|vampire]]), romance, coming-of-age, [[Nordic noir]])<ref name=ding2017a>{{cite web | title=The 20 Best Genre-Hybrid Movies of The 21st Century (1) | website=Taste of Cinema |first=Kevin |last=Ding | date=13 July 2017 | url=http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2017/the-20-best-genre-hybrid-movies-of-the-21st-century/ | access-date=21 July 2023}}</ref> |
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*''[[Drive (2011 film)|Drive]]'' (2011; [[arthouse film|art-house drama]], [[B-movie]])<ref name=ding2017c/> |
*''[[Drive (2011 film)|Drive]]'' (2011; [[arthouse film|art-house drama]], [[B-movie]])<ref name=ding2017c/> |
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*''[[Deadpool]] (2016; [[superhero film|superhero]], action, comedy)<ref name=farout/> |
*''[[Deadpool]]'' (2016; [[superhero film|superhero]], action, comedy)''<ref name="farout" />'' |
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*''[[Elle (2016 film)|Elle]]'' (2016; [[erotic thriller]], [[Black comedy]], [[Satire (film and television)| satire]])<ref name=ding2017b>{{cite web | title=The 20 Best Genre-Hybrid Movies of The 21st Century (2) | website=Taste of Cinema |first=Kevin |last=Ding | date=13 July 2017 | url=http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2017/the-20-best-genre-hybrid-movies-of-the-21st-century/2/ | access-date=21 July 2023}}</ref> |
*''[[Elle (2016 film)|Elle]]'' (2016; [[erotic thriller]], [[Black comedy]], [[Satire (film and television)| satire]])<ref name=ding2017b>{{cite web | title=The 20 Best Genre-Hybrid Movies of The 21st Century (2) | website=Taste of Cinema |first=Kevin |last=Ding | date=13 July 2017 | url=http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2017/the-20-best-genre-hybrid-movies-of-the-21st-century/2/ | access-date=21 July 2023}}</ref> |
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*''[[The Killing of a Sacred Deer]]'' (2017; horror, [[Greek tragedy]], dark comedy)<ref name=ding2017c>{{cite web | title=The 20 Best Genre-Hybrid Movies of The 21st Century (3) | website=Taste of Cinema |first=Kevin |last=Ding | date=13 July 2017 | url=http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2017/the-20-best-genre-hybrid-movies-of-the-21st-century/3/ | access-date=21 July 2023}}</ref> |
*''[[The Killing of a Sacred Deer]]'' (2017; horror, [[Greek tragedy]], dark comedy)<ref name=ding2017c>{{cite web | title=The 20 Best Genre-Hybrid Movies of The 21st Century (3) | website=Taste of Cinema |first=Kevin |last=Ding | date=13 July 2017 | url=http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2017/the-20-best-genre-hybrid-movies-of-the-21st-century/3/ | access-date=21 July 2023}}</ref> |
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*''[[Parasite (2019 film)|Parasite]] (2019; comedy, [[drama film|drama]], [[Thriller film|thriller]])<ref name=farout/> |
*''[[Parasite (2019 film)|Parasite]]'' (2019; comedy, [[drama film|drama]], [[Thriller film|thriller]])''<ref name="farout" />'' |
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*''[[Everything Everywhere All at Once]]'' (2022; action, fantasy, sci-fi) |
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==List of named hybrid genres== |
==List of named hybrid genres== |
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*[[Science fiction Western]] (science fiction and Western) |
*[[Science fiction Western]] (science fiction and Western) |
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*[[Tragicomedy]] ([[tragedy]] and comedy) |
*[[Tragicomedy]] ([[tragedy]] and comedy) |
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*[[Zombie comedy]] ([[zombie apocalypse|zombie fiction]] and comedy) |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Latest revision as of 23:07, 17 June 2024
A hybrid genre is a literary or film genre that blends themes and elements from two or more different genres. Works in hybrid genres are also referred to as cross-genre, multi-genre, mixed genre, or fusion genre. The Dictionary of Media and Communication describes hybrid genre as "the combination of two or more genres", which may combine elements of more than one genre and/or which may "cut across categories such as fact and fiction".[1] Some such sub-genres have acquired their own specialised names, such as comedy drama, romantic comedy ("rom-com"), horror Western, and docudrama.
Hybrid genres are a longstanding element in the fictional process. An early example is William Blake's Marriage of Heaven and Hell, with its blend of poetry, prose, and engravings.[2]
Examples
[edit]Literature
[edit]In contemporary literature, Dimitris Lyacos's trilogy Poena Damni combines fictional prose with drama and poetry in a multilayered narrative developing through the different characters of the work.[3]
Many contemporary women of color have published cross-genre works, including Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, Giannina Braschi, Guadalupe Nettel, and Bhanu Kapil.[4] Giannina Braschi creates linguistic and structural hybrids of comic fantasy and tragic comedy in Spanish, Spanglish, and English prose and poetry.[5][6] Carmen Maria Machado mixes psychological realism and science fiction with both humor and elements of gothic horror.[7]
Dean Koontz considers himself a cross-genre writer, not a horror writer: "I write cross-genre books-suspense mixed with love story, with humor, sometimes with two tablespoons of science fiction, sometimes with a pinch of horror, sometimes with a sprinkle of paprika..."[8]
Film
[edit]Examples of hybrid genre films include:
- Grease (1978; musical, comedy, romance, coming-of-age)[9]
- Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988; live action, animation, mystery)[9]
- Back to the Future 3 (1990; science fiction and western)[1]
- Punch-Drunk Love (2002; rom-com, psychological drama, musical, screwball comedy)
- Shaun of the Dead (2004; horror, survival, comedy)[9]
- Let the Right One In (2008; horror (vampire), romance, coming-of-age, Nordic noir)[10]
- Drive (2011; art-house drama, B-movie)[11]
- Elle (2016; erotic thriller, Black comedy, satire)[12]
- The Killing of a Sacred Deer (2017; horror, Greek tragedy, dark comedy)[11]
- Parasite (2019; comedy, drama, thriller)[9]
- Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022; action, fantasy, sci-fi)
List of named hybrid genres
[edit]- Action comedy (action and comedy)
- Action drama (action and drama)
- Comedy drama (comedy and drama; aka dramedy)
- Comedy-horror (comedy and horror)
- Comic fantasy (comedy and fantasy)
- Comic science fiction (comedy and science fiction)
- Crime drama (crime and drama)
- Crime fantasy (crime and fantasy)[13]
- Dark fantasy (horror and fantasy)
- Docudrama (dramatised documentary)
- Docufiction (documentary and fiction)
- Ethnofiction (ethnography and fiction)
- Fantasy Western (fantasy and Western)
- Horror Western (horror and Western)
- Romantic comedy (romance and comedy)
- Romantic fantasy (romance and fantasy)
- Science fantasy (science fiction and fantasy)
- Science fiction Western (science fiction and Western)
- Tragicomedy (tragedy and comedy)
- Zombie comedy (zombie fiction and comedy)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Hybrid genre". A Dictionary of Media and Communication. 22 February 1999. Retrieved 21 July 2023 – via Oxford Reference.
- ^ M. Singer/W. Walker, Bending Genre (2013) p. 21-2
- ^ "Reviews: Z213: Exit by Dimitris Lyacos". Write From Wrong Literary Magazine. Writefromwrongmag.wordpress.com. 14 March 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
- ^ "How I Learned To Love Experimental Fiction As A Brown Girl By Seeking Out Books By Women Of Color". Bustle. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ ""What to Read Now: Mixed-Genre Literature," Giannina Braschi". World Literature Today. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ Marting, Diane E. (2010). "New/Nueva York in Giannina Braschi's "Poetic Egg": Fragile Identity, Postmodernism, and Globalization". The Global South. 4 (1): 167–182. doi:10.2979/gso.2010.4.1.167. ISSN 1932-8648. JSTOR 10.2979/gso.2010.4.1.167.
- ^ "13 Latina Fantasy Books For the Sci-Fi Lover in Your Life". Fierce. 9 January 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ Koontz, Dean. "Afterword", Lightning, G.P. Putnam's Sons hardcover edition, January 1988. Berkley Publishing Group, mass market edition, May 1989. p. 360
- ^ a b c d e f "10 essential films that define genre-hybridity". Far Out Magazine. 4 August 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Ding, Kevin (13 July 2017). "The 20 Best Genre-Hybrid Movies of The 21st Century (1)". Taste of Cinema. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ a b Ding, Kevin (13 July 2017). "The 20 Best Genre-Hybrid Movies of The 21st Century (3)". Taste of Cinema. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ a b Ding, Kevin (13 July 2017). "The 20 Best Genre-Hybrid Movies of The 21st Century (2)". Taste of Cinema. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ "When crime meets fantasy in fiction". the Guardian. 15 May 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
Further reading
[edit]- Diane P. Freedman, An Alchemy of Genres (1997)