Gambling in Australia: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Overview of gambling in Australia}} <!-- This short description is INTENTIONALLY "none" - please see WP:SDNONE before you consider changing it! --> |
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{{Use Australian English|date=March 2015}} |
{{Use Australian English|date=March 2015}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} |
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Gambling is an activity undertaken by many Australians. Over 80% of Australian adults engage in gambling of some kind, which is the highest rate of gambling in the world.<ref name="bbc070130">Bryant, Nick [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6313083.stm "Australia in thrall of gambling mania"], ''[[BBC]]'', 30 January 2007</ref> This number includes some 4% of the adult population who play the [[slot machine|pokies]] once a week, accounting for some 62% of locals' annual gambling spend.<ref name="Australian Gambling Habits">[http://www.casinotropez.com/australian-gambling-habits Australian Gambling Habits]</ref> |
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Gambling is an activity undertaken by many Australians. In 2022, 72.8% of Australian adults gambled within the previous 12 months (80.5% for men and 66.2% for women) and 38% of Australian adults gambled at least once per week (48% for men and 28% for women).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-07 |title=Gambling in Australia |url=https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-welfare/gambling |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=Australian Institute of Health and Welfare |language=en}}</ref> In 2017, Australians were estimated to lead the world with the highest gambling losses on a per-capita basis.<ref name="bbc070130">Bryant, Nick [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6313083.stm "Australia in thrall of gambling mania"], [[BBC]], 30 January 2007</ref> |
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[[File:ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-GamblingActivities-Persons-A2545784A.svg|thumb|right|300px|Total employment in the gambling industry in Australia (thousands of people) since 1984]] |
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On a per-capita basis, Australians placed gambling bets worth AUD$9,885 in financial year 2020-2021, resulting in a loss of AUD$1,200.<ref name=":0" /> Australians cumulatively placed bets worth AUD$198 billion in this financial year, resulting in a total loss of AUD$24 billion.<ref name=":0" />[[File:ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-GamblingActivities-Persons-A2545784A.svg|thumb|right|300px|Total employment in the gambling industry in Australia (thousands of people) since 1984]] |
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Gambling is a significant public health issue, with around 80,000 to 160,000 (or 0.5 - 1.0%) of Australian adults experiencing significant problems from gambling and a further 250,000 to 350,000 (or 1.4 - 2.1% of adults) experiencing moderate risks that may make them vulnerable to problem gambling.<ref name=Productivitycommission>{{cite web|last1=Productivity|first1=Commission|title=Productivity Commission Inquiry Report|url=http://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/gambling-2009/report|website=pc.gov.au/|date=23 June 2010|publisher=Australian Government|accessdate=22 January 2015}}</ref> |
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Gambling is a significant public health issue, with around 80,000 to 160,000 (or 0.5–1.0%) of Australian adults experiencing significant problems from gambling and a further 250,000 to 350,000 (or 1.4–2.1% of adults) experiencing moderate risks that may make them vulnerable to problem gambling.<ref name=Productivitycommission>{{cite web |title=Productivity Commission Inquiry Report |url=http://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/gambling-2009/report |department=pc.gov.au |date=23 June 2010 |publisher=Productivity Commission, Australian Government |access-date=22 January 2015}}</ref> |
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==Revenue== |
==Revenue== |
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In 2015–16, gambling revenue made up 7.7% of state and territory taxation revenue. The rate was lowest in Western Australia (2.5%) and highest in the Northern Territory (12.0%). Gambling revenue made up 2.5% of total state revenue when other revenue sources were taken into account. The rate was lowest in WA (0.9%) and highest in Victoria (3.2%). Gambling revenue as a portion of state taxation revenue has fallen for all states and territories between 2006–07 and 2015–16.<ref name="SEIS4">{{cite book|title=Fourth social and economic impact study of gambling in Tasmania (2017), Volume 1: Industry trends and impacts|publisher=ACIL Allen Consulting|pages=57–60|url=http://www.treasury.tas.gov.au/Documents/Vol%201%20-%20SEIS%202017%20-%2022%20DECEMBER%202017%20-%20FINAL.pdf|accessdate=17 January 2018}}</ref> |
In 2015–16, gambling revenue made up 7.7% of state and territory taxation revenue. The rate was lowest in Western Australia (2.5%) and highest in the Northern Territory (12.0%). Gambling revenue made up 2.5% of total state revenue when other revenue sources were taken into account. The rate was lowest in WA (0.9%) and highest in Victoria (3.2%). Gambling revenue as a portion of state taxation revenue has fallen for all states and territories between 2006–07 and 2015–16.<ref name="SEIS4">{{cite book|title=Fourth social and economic impact study of gambling in Tasmania (2017), Volume 1: Industry trends and impacts|publisher=ACIL Allen Consulting|pages=57–60|url=http://www.treasury.tas.gov.au/Documents/Vol%201%20-%20SEIS%202017%20-%2022%20DECEMBER%202017%20-%20FINAL.pdf|accessdate=17 January 2018}}</ref> |
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Total Australian |
Total Australian gambling revenue in 2008–09 was just over $19 billion and the share of household consumption was 3.1%.<ref name=Productivitycommission /> According to the Queensland Government the total Australian gambling market was worth over $25 billion in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.qgso.qld.gov.au/statistics/theme/society/gambling/australian-gambling-statistics#current-release-australian-gambling-statistics|title=Gambling: Australian gambling statistics | Queensland Government Statistician's Office|website=www.qgso.qld.gov.au|accessdate=11 November 2021}}</ref> During the pandemic in 2020 and 2021 the proportion of online gamblers rose to 78% while half of the Australians gamble on a regular basis. |
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== Forms of gambling == |
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=== Electronic gaming machines === |
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Electronic gaming machines are commonly referred to within Australia as "pokies" or "poker machines". Electronic gaming machines are operated in all states of Australia as well as the Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory. Each jurisdiction separately regulates the design and operation of electronic gaming machines. In the financial year 2020-2021, Australians placed bets worth almost AUD$150 billion through electronic gaming machines, resulting in a total player loss of AUD$12 billion for the year.<ref name=":0">{{Cite Q|Q123571711}}</ref> Per-capita, losses for financial year 2020-2021 were AUD$608, amounting to approximately half of the AUD$1200 losses per-capita for all forms of gambling.<ref name=":0" /> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+Prevalence and use of electronic gaming machines within Australia |
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!Jurisdiction |
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!Number of machines |
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!Number of operating venues |
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!Total annual player turnover |
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(FY20-21)<ref name=":0" /> |
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!Player annual turnover per capita |
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(FY20-21)<ref name=":0" /> |
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!Total annual player losses |
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!Player annual losses per capita |
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|- |
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|New South Wales |
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|87298 (excluding casinos, June 2023)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Hotels Gaming machine report by LGA, 1 Jan 2023 – 30 Jun 2023 |url=https://www.liquorandgaming.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/excel_doc/0015/1204521/hotels-gaming-machine-report-by-lga-1-jan-2023-30-jun-2023.xlsx |publisher=Liquor & Gaming NSW}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Clubs Gaming machine report by LGA, 1 Dec 2022 – 31 May 2023 |url=https://www.liquorandgaming.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/excel_doc/0003/1204518/clubs-gaming-machine-report-by-lga-1-dec-2022-31-may-2023.xlsx |publisher=Liquor & Gaming NSW}}</ref> |
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|2195 (excluding casinos, June 2023)<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> |
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|AUD$85.72 billion |
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|AUD$13559 |
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|AUD$8.18 billion (excluding casinos, FY22-23)<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Clubs Gaming machine report by LGA, 1 June 2022 – 30 Nov 2022 |url=https://www.liquorandgaming.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/excel_doc/0004/1136065/clubs-gaming-machine-report-by-lga-1-jun-2022-30-nov-2022.xlsx |publisher=Liquor & Gaming NSW}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Hotels Gaming machine report by LGA, 1 July 2022 – 31 Dec 2022 |url=https://www.liquorandgaming.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/excel_doc/0007/1136068/hotels-gaming-machine-report-by-lga-1-jul-2022-31-dec-2022.xlsx |publisher=Liquor & Gaming NSW}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> |
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|AUD$986 (excluding casinos, FY22-23)<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 September 2023 |title=National, state and territory population. Reference period: March 2023. |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2023 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> |
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|Northern Territory |
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|1659 limit (excluding casinos)<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Gaming machines in clubs and pubs |url=https://nt.gov.au/industry/gambling/licences/gaming-machines-in-clubs-pubs |access-date=2023-11-29 |publisher=Northern Territory Government}}</ref> |
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|75 limit (excluding casinos)<ref name=":6" /> |
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|AUD$1.65 billion |
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|AUD$8825 |
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|AUD$0.15 billion (FY20-21)<ref name=":0" /> |
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|AUD$789 (FY20-21)<ref name=":0" /> |
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|Queensland |
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|21122 operating (October 2023)<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=17 November 2023 |title=Total Queensland Club Gaming Machine Data |url=https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/total-queensland-club-gaming-machine-data/resource/c6694bab-36ce-48c8-9b05-917f9363d4e0 |access-date=2023-11-29}}</ref> |
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23997 approved (October 2023)<ref name=":7" /> |
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|351 operating (October 2023)<ref name=":7" /> |
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359 approved (October 2023)<ref name=":7" /> |
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|AUD$32.34 billion |
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|AUD$8057 |
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|AUD$3.49 billion (FY22-23)<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=All Gambling Data Queensland |url=https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/all-gambling-data-queensland |access-date=2023-11-17 |publisher=Queensland Government}}</ref> |
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|AUD$645 (FY22-23)<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":5" /> |
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|South Australia |
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|11672 (excluding Adelaide Casino, September 2023)<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Gaming statewide statistics - Quarter 1 - 2023-24 |url=https://www.cbs.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/950278/Quarterly-Statistics-Statewide-23-24-Qtr-1.pdf |publisher=Government of South Australia Consumer and Business Services}}</ref> |
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|471 (excluding Adelaide Casino, September 2023)<ref name=":9" /> |
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|AUD$8.68 billion |
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|AUD$6087 |
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|AUD$0.92 billion (excluding Adelaide Casino, FY22-23)<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Gaming statewide statistics - Quarter 4 - 2022-23 |url=https://www.cbs.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/934654/Quarterly-Statistics-22-23.pdf |publisher=Consumer and Business Services}}</ref> |
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|AUD$497 (excluding Adelaide Casino, FY22-23)<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":5" /> |
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|Victoria |
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|26380 (excluding Crown Casino, 2021-2022)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pokies across Victoria: Number of pokies |url=https://responsiblegambling.vic.gov.au/resources/gambling-victoria/pokies-across-victoria/#number-of-pokies |access-date=2023-11-28 |publisher=Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation}}</ref> |
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30000 limit<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-26 |title=Gaming machine caps and limits |url=https://www.vgccc.vic.gov.au/gambling/gaming-venue-operator/understand-your-gaming-licence/caps-and-limits |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=Victorian Gambling and Casino Control Commission |language=en}}</ref> |
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|488 (excluding Crown Casino, 2021-2022)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pokies across Victoria: Number of venues with pokies |url=https://responsiblegambling.vic.gov.au/resources/gambling-victoria/pokies-across-victoria/#number-of-venues |access-date=2023-11-28 |publisher=Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation}}</ref> |
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|AUD$17.65 billion |
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|AUD$3420 |
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|AUD$3.02 billion (FY22-23)<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2023 |title=Victorians lose $3.022 billion on pokies in 2022-23 |url=https://responsiblegambling.vic.gov.au/about-us/news-and-media/victorians-lose-3022-billion-on-pokies-in-2022-23/ |publisher=Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation}}</ref> |
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|AUD$446 (FY22-23)<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":5" /> |
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|Australian Capital Territory |
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|3587 operating (1 November 2023)<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=1 November 2023 |title=GAMING MACHINE REFORM PACKAGE - TRADING SCHEME INFORMATION PROVIDED AS AT 1 NOVEMBER 2023 |url=https://www.gamblingandracing.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/2326743/Trading-Scheme-Information-as-at-1-November-2023.pdf |publisher=Gambling & Racing Commission}}</ref> |
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5091 approved (1 November 2023)<ref name=":12" /> |
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|46 (1 November 2023)<ref name=":12" /> |
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|AUD$1.87 billion |
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|AUD$5284 |
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|AUD$0.19 billion (FY22-23)<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=GAMING MACHINE REVENUE & TAX INFORMATION PROVIDED FOR FINANCIAL YEAR 2022 – 2023 |url=https://www.gamblingandracing.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/2264652/Gaming-Maching-Revenue-Tax-Data-FY-2022-2023.pdf |publisher=Gaming & Racing Commission}}</ref> |
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|AUD$405 (FY22-23)<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":5" /> |
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|'''Australia (combined)''' |
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|AUD$147.91 billion |
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|AUD$7385 |
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|AUD$12.18 billion (FY20-21)<ref name=":0" /> |
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|AUD$608 (FY20-21)<ref name=":0" /> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+Regulated configuration of electronic gaming machines within Australia |
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!Jurisdiction |
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!Minimum long-term [[Return to Player|return to player]]<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date=February 2022 |title=Australian/New Zealand Gaming Machine National Standard, Revision 11.1 |url=https://www.vgccc.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/anz_gmns_revision_11.1.pdf.pdf}}</ref> |
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!Maximum bet<ref name=":14" /> |
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!Maximum bet frequency |
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|New South Wales |
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|85%<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=Gaming Machines Regulation 2019 |url=https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/whole/html/inforce/current/sl-2019-0428 |at=Part 2 Section 11(2)}}</ref> |
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|AUD$10.00 |
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|Northern Territory |
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|85% |
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|AUD$5.00 (general) |
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Unlimited (casinos) |
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|Queensland |
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|85%<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=The real odds of winning when gambling {{!}} Support for problem gambling |url=https://www.qld.gov.au/community/getting-support-health-social-issue/gambling-problem-support/gambling-winning-odds |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=www.qld.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> |
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|AUD$5.00 (general) |
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Unlimited (casinos) |
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|3 seconds<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2021 |title=Gaming guideline G08: Approvals for gaming machines and gaming related systems |url=https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/hospitality-tourism-sport/liquor-gaming/gaming/guidelines/approvals-machines-systems |publisher=Office of Liquor and Gaming Regulation}}</ref> |
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|South Australia |
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|87.5%<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gambling facts and myths: Pokies |url=https://www.problemgambling.sa.gov.au/understanding-gambling/gambling-facts-and-myths/pokies |publisher=The Office for Problem Gambling}}</ref> |
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|AUD$5.00 (general) |
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Unlimited (Adelaide Casino) |
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|Australian Capital Territory |
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|87% |
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|AUD$10.00 |
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|Victoria |
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|85% (general)<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2023 |title=Gambling Regulation Act 2003, Version 103 |url=https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-11/03-114aa103-authorised.pdf |at=3.6.1 Returns to players}}</ref> |
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87% (Crown Melbourne) |
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|AUD$5.00 (general)<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2015 |title=Victoria Government Gazette, No. G 47 Thursday 26 November 2015 |url=https://www.gazette.vic.gov.au/gazette/Gazettes2015/GG2015G047.pdf |page=26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-06 |title=A poker machine addiction nearly broke this grandmother. Now she is calling for reform |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-06/calls-for-gambling-reform-amid-devastating-pokies-losses/101409668 |access-date=2023-11-28}}</ref> |
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Unlimited (Crown Melbourne)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-07-01 |title='I lost $100 in 10 seconds': Crown Casino giving punters access to 'dangerous' pokies features |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-07-02/crown-punters-given-access-to-continous-spin-feature-on-pokies/9926124 |access-date=2023-11-28}}</ref> |
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|2.14 seconds<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2023 |title=Gambling Regulation Act 2003, Version 103 |url=https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-11/03-114aa103-authorised.pdf |at=3.5.30 Spin rates}}</ref> |
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|Tasmania |
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|87%<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |date=1 July 2023 |title=Tasmanian Appendix to the Australian and New Zealand Gaming Machine National Standard |url=https://www.treasury.tas.gov.au/Documents/TLGC%20Tasmanian%20Appendix%20to%20the%20Australian%20and%20New%20Zealand%20Gaming%20Machine%20National%20Standard%20-%201%20July%202023.PDF |publisher=Tasmanian Liquor and Gaming Commission}}</ref> |
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|AUD$5.00<ref name=":15" /> |
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|3 seconds<ref name=":15" /> |
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|Western Australia |
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|90% |
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|Unlimited (Crown Perth) |
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==New South Wales== |
== New South Wales == |
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New South Wales has a long history of gambling; Australia's first official horse racing meeting occurred in 1810 at Hyde Park in Sydney; the first official Australian lottery occurred in 1881 at the Sydney Cup; and registered clubs operated the first legal poker machines in Australia from 1956.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Australian Institute of Gambling Research|title=Australian Gambling Comparative History and Analysis|url=https://www.vcgr.vic.gov.au/CA256F800017E8D4/WebObj/BA5F52C5B3108318CA2570290029161B/$File/Project_1999AGCHA.pdf|website=www.vcgr.vic.gov.au|publisher=Victorian Casino and Gaming Authority|accessdate=29 January 2015}}</ref> |
New South Wales has a long history of gambling; Australia's first official horse racing meeting occurred in 1810 at Hyde Park in Sydney; the first official Australian lottery occurred in 1881 at the Sydney Cup; and registered clubs operated the first legal poker machines in Australia from 1956.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Australian Institute of Gambling Research|title=Australian Gambling Comparative History and Analysis|url=https://www.vcgr.vic.gov.au/CA256F800017E8D4/WebObj/BA5F52C5B3108318CA2570290029161B/$File/Project_1999AGCHA.pdf|website=www.vcgr.vic.gov.au|publisher=Victorian Casino and Gaming Authority|accessdate=29 January 2015}}</ref> |
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There are approximately 95,800 "pokies" in NSW, a state total beaten only by Nevada, which operated 181,109 gambling machines in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ziolkowski|first1=S.|title=The World Count of Gaming Machines 2013|url=http://www.gamingta.com/pdf/world_count_2014.pdf|website=www.gamingta.com|publisher=The Gaming Technologies Association|accessdate=29 January 2015}}</ref> |
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Between 1 December 2017 |
Between 1 December 2017 and 31 May 2018 NSW Clubs made a net profit of $1,945,161,625 and hotels made a net profit of $1,169,040,731 from pokies alone.<ref>{{cite web|last1=McNally|first1=Caroline|title=Gambling in Australia|url=http://www.problemgambling.net.au/ausgambling.html|website=problemgambling.net.au|publisher=Central Coast Gambling Help}}</ref> |
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===Fairfield=== |
===Fairfield=== |
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===Hunter Region=== |
===Hunter Region=== |
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From January to March 2013 poker machines in the Hunter region had a turn over of $4.5 billion, showing an increase of $500 million since 2010.<ref name="Page">Page, Donna. [ |
From January to March 2013 poker machines in the Hunter region had a turn over of $4.5 billion, showing an increase of $500 million since 2010.<ref name="Page">Page, Donna. [https://www.newcastleherald.com.au/story/1821266/hunter-punters-blow-8682-a-minute-on-pokies/ "Hunter punters blow $8682 a minute on pokies"], "[[Newcastle Herald]]", Australia, 4 October 2013. Retrieved on 9 September 2014.</ref> Daily figures show a spend of $12.5 million, working out to be $8682 per minute.<ref name="Page" /> The Office of Liquor Gaming and Racing found that Newcastle was the Hunter Regions most profitable location with the 3206 poker machines averaging $44,963 each.<ref name="Page" /> |
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The top five most profitable clubs for gaming revenue in the Hunter region in 2010 were:<ref name="Page2">Page, Donna.[http://newsstore.fairfax.com.au/apps/viewDocument.ac;jsessionid=3CEC62120CC2AA8E58A6EAD48D5A3ADD?sy=afr&pb=all_ffx&dt=selectRange&dr=1month&so=relevance&sf=text&sf=headline&rc=10&rm=200&sp=brs&cls=1161&clsPage=1&docID=NCH100726TD57E7NUR9F "How the Hunter gambled $4bn"], "[[Newcastle Herald]]", Australia, 26 July 2010. Retrieved on 9 September 2014.</ref> |
The top five most profitable clubs for gaming revenue in the Hunter region in 2010 were:<ref name="Page2">Page, Donna.[http://newsstore.fairfax.com.au/apps/viewDocument.ac;jsessionid=3CEC62120CC2AA8E58A6EAD48D5A3ADD?sy=afr&pb=all_ffx&dt=selectRange&dr=1month&so=relevance&sf=text&sf=headline&rc=10&rm=200&sp=brs&cls=1161&clsPage=1&docID=NCH100726TD57E7NUR9F "How the Hunter gambled $4bn"], "[[Newcastle Herald]]", Australia, 26 July 2010. Retrieved on 9 September 2014.</ref> |
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*1. Western Suburbs Leagues Club (Wests), New Lambton |
*1. Western Suburbs Leagues Club (Wests), New Lambton |
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Wyong has approximately 2608 pokies, spread across 35 venues. That is the equivalent of one poker machine for every 47 adults. In 2010–11, venues in Wyong made approximately $123,159,000 in profit from pokies. That equates to $1,000 for each adult member of Wyong's population.<ref name=pokiesandclass /> |
Wyong has approximately 2608 pokies, spread across 35 venues. That is the equivalent of one poker machine for every 47 adults. In 2010–11, venues in Wyong made approximately $123,159,000 in profit from pokies. That equates to $1,000 for each adult member of Wyong's population.<ref name=pokiesandclass /> |
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The Central Coast has a higher prevalence of problem gambling than the NSW average. Young men between the ages of 18 |
The Central Coast has a higher prevalence of problem gambling than the NSW average. Young men between the ages of 18 and 24 living on the Central Coast are the biggest players of poker machines in NSW and are the highest risk group for problem gambling.<ref>{{cite web|last1=ACNielsen|title=Prevalence of Gambling and Problem Gambling in NSW – A Community Survey 2006|url=http://www.olgr.nsw.gov.au/rr_gpg_2006.asp|website=www.olgr.nsw.gov.au|publisher=NSW Office of Liquor, Gaming and Racing|accessdate=29 January 2015}}</ref> |
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In 2008 Central Coast Gambling Help carried out a survey of 200 young people aged from |
In 2008 Central Coast Gambling Help carried out a survey of 200 young people aged from 13–24 and found: |
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*96% of people from |
*96% of people from 18–24 had gambled for money or possessions |
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*62% of those under 14 years old and 77% of those aged up to 17 had gambled for money or items, including mobile phones and MP3 players |
*62% of those under 14 years old and 77% of those aged up to 17 had gambled for money or items, including mobile phones and MP3 players |
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*25.5% of 14- to 17-year-olds and 55% of 18- to 24-year-olds had lost more than they had intended |
*25.5% of 14- to 17-year-olds and 55% of 18- to 24-year-olds had lost more than they had intended |
||
Line 54: | Line 185: | ||
==Regulatory authorities== |
==Regulatory authorities== |
||
Since the introduction of new gambling services, including online gambling, the Commonwealth has taken a more active role in the regulation of gambling, but the Australian gambling industry is also regulated by State and Territory authorities:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/library/intguide/sp/gambling_ebrief.htm|title=Parliament Library: Gambling Policy and Regulation|accessdate=11 November 2021}}</ref> |
Since the introduction of new gambling services, including online gambling, the Commonwealth has taken a more active role in the regulation of gambling, but the Australian gambling industry is also regulated by State and Territory authorities:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/library/intguide/sp/gambling_ebrief.htm|title=Parliament Library: Gambling Policy and Regulation|accessdate=11 November 2021}}</ref> |
||
*Australian Capital Territory |
*Australian Capital Territory – ACT Gambling and Racing Commission |
||
*New South Wales |
*New South Wales – [[Liquor and Gaming NSW]] |
||
*Northern Territory |
*Northern Territory – Licensing Commission |
||
*Queensland |
*Queensland – [[Office of Liquor and Gaming Regulation]] |
||
*South Australia |
*South Australia – Independent Gambling Authority |
||
*Tasmania |
*Tasmania – Tasmanian Gaming Commission |
||
*Victoria |
*Victoria – Victorian Gambling and Casino Control Commission |
||
*Western Australia |
*Western Australia – Department of Racing, Gaming and Liquor |
||
== Self-regulatory government initiatives == |
|||
In August 2023, a federal [[self-exclusion]] registry known as "BetStop" was introduced by the [[Australian Communications and Media Authority]]. All betting providers in Australia are required to verify customers against the registry, and must not allow users to create an account or receive marketing communications if a match is detected. At least 18,000 users registered within its first six months of operation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-20 |title=18,000 Australians sign onto BetStop in first six months, with majority of early adopters under 40 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-02-21/betstop-younger-people-early-adopters-first-six-months/103491222 |access-date=2024-04-10 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite news |date=2023-02-28 |title=A new sports gambling self-exclusion register is almost here, but some are betting it won't work |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-02-28/betstop-sports-betting-national-self-exclusion-register/102030384 |access-date=2024-04-10 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref> The project was first recommended by [[Barry O'Farrell]] as part of a 2015 review; it was originally intended to launch in 2022, but was delayed after the technology provider that was originally contracted to develop the registry went into [[Administration (law)|administration]].<ref name=":16" /> |
|||
==Key legislation== |
==Key legislation== |
||
Traditionally gambling has been legislated at a state and territory level rather than by the Commonwealth:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.qgso.qld.gov.au/products/publications/aus-gambling-stats/aus-gambling-stats-29th-edn.pdf|title=Australian Gambling Statistics, |
Traditionally gambling has been legislated at a state and territory level rather than by the Commonwealth:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.qgso.qld.gov.au/products/publications/aus-gambling-stats/aus-gambling-stats-29th-edn.pdf|title=Australian Gambling Statistics, 1986–87 and 2011–12, 29th Edition, 2004, p. 7.|accessdate=11 November 2021}}</ref> |
||
*Australian Capital Territory |
*Australian Capital Territory |
||
Line 121: | Line 255: | ||
** TT-Line Gaming Act 1993 |
** TT-Line Gaming Act 1993 |
||
*Victoria |
*Victoria |
||
** Casino |
** Casino Control Act 1991 |
||
** Casino (Management Agreement) Act 1993 |
** Casino (Management Agreement) Act 1993 |
||
** Gambling Regulation Act 2003. |
** Gambling Regulation Act 2003. |
||
Line 138: | Line 272: | ||
==Online gambling== |
==Online gambling== |
||
The Interactive Gambling Act (2001) was passed by the Australian Commonwealth Parliament on 28 June 2001.<ref name = "Assent">{{Cite web|url=https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/478/interactive-gambling-act-receives-assent.aspx|title=Interactive Gambling Act receives assent|website=www.findlaw.com.au|accessdate=11 November 2021}}</ref> It received assent on 11 July 2001<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legislation.gov.au/Series/C2004A00851|title=Federal Register of Legislation |
The Interactive Gambling Act (2001) was passed by the Australian Commonwealth Parliament on 28 June 2001.<ref name = "Assent">{{Cite web|url=https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/478/interactive-gambling-act-receives-assent.aspx|title=Interactive Gambling Act receives assent|website=www.findlaw.com.au|accessdate=11 November 2021}}</ref> It received assent on 11 July 2001<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legislation.gov.au/Series/C2004A00851|title=Federal Register of Legislation – Australian Government|website=www.legislation.gov.au|accessdate=11 November 2021}}</ref> |
||
The Act is targeted at online gambling operators, making it an offense for them to offer 'real-money' online interactive gambling to residents of Australia. It also makes it illegal for online gambling operators to advertise 'real-money' interactive gambling services (such as online poker and online casinos) to Australian citizens.<ref name = "Assent" /> |
The Act is targeted at online gambling operators, making it an offense for them to offer 'real-money' online interactive gambling to residents of Australia. It also makes it illegal for online gambling operators to advertise 'real-money' interactive gambling services (such as online poker and online casinos) to Australian citizens.<ref name = "Assent" /> |
||
That being said, the amount spent on online gaming by Australians reached some $800 million by 2010, according to the official 2010 Productivity Report of the Australian Government.<ref name="Australian Gambling Habits"/> |
That being said, the amount spent on online gaming by Australians reached some $800 million by 2010, according to the official 2010 Productivity Report of the Australian Government.<ref name="Australian Gambling Habits">[http://www.casinotropez.com/australian-gambling-habits Australian Gambling Habits]</ref> Australian gamblers wager nearly $250 billions annually.<ref>{{cite web|title=Infographics|url=https://roulette77australia.com|date=May 20, 2023}}</ref> |
||
Accessing and using the interactive gambling services is not an offence. It is also allowed to companies based in Australia to offer their gambling services to gamblers located outside Australia with the exception of those countries that were called 'designated countries' like Australia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apo.org.au/research/review-interactive-gambling-act-2001|title=Review of the Interactive Gaming Act 2001|accessdate=11 November 2021}}</ref> |
Accessing and using the interactive gambling services is not an offence. It is also allowed to companies based in Australia to offer their gambling services to gamblers located outside Australia with the exception of those countries that were called 'designated countries' like Australia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apo.org.au/research/review-interactive-gambling-act-2001|title=Review of the Interactive Gaming Act 2001|accessdate=11 November 2021}}</ref> |
||
Line 152: | Line 286: | ||
Resources and Information|website=edu-librarian.com|accessdate=11 November 2021}}</ref> |
Resources and Information|website=edu-librarian.com|accessdate=11 November 2021}}</ref> |
||
Taxation of gambling operators in Australia differs from state to state and different gambling services are taxed in a different way. There are taxes on the turnover, on player loss and net profit. As gambling operators need to obtain a |
Taxation of gambling operators in Australia differs from state to state and different gambling services are taxed in a different way. There are taxes on the turnover, on player loss and net profit. As gambling operators need to obtain a licence to offer their services, certain fees must also be paid at this stage of gambling business development.<ref name ="gambling taxes" /> |
||
The use of different tax rates and tax bases makes it difficult to compare taxes across states. For example, the ACT's keno tax rate of 2.53% of turnover is equivalent to a tax rate on gross profits of 10.12%.<ref>{{cite book|title=Joint Select Committee on Future Gaming Markets: Final Report|publisher=Parliament of Tasmania|pages=146|url=http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/ctee/Joint/FutureGamingMarkets.htm|accessdate=11 January 2018}}</ref> |
The use of different tax rates and tax bases makes it difficult to compare taxes across states. For example, the ACT's keno tax rate of 2.53% of turnover is equivalent to a tax rate on gross profits of 10.12%.<ref>{{cite book|title=Joint Select Committee on Future Gaming Markets: Final Report|publisher=Parliament of Tasmania|pages=146|url=http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/ctee/Joint/FutureGamingMarkets.htm|accessdate=11 January 2018}}</ref> |
||
Line 162: | Line 296: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! NSW |
! NSW |
||
| |
| 0–50% of quarterly player loss, depending on quarterly player loss || 0–28.05% of quarterly player loss, depending on quarterly player loss (the rate peaks at 28.05% for $250,000–$450,000, then falls to 18.05% before rising to a maximum of 26.55% above $5 million) || 16.41–38.91% of gross revenue, depending on gross revenue, plus 2% Responsible Gambling Levy on gross gaming revenue || 8.91%–14.91% of player loss, depending on player loss || 16.41–38.91% of gross revenue, depending on gross revenue |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! Victoria |
! Victoria |
||
| 8. |
| 8.33–62.53% of monthly average player loss (per machine), depending on by monthly average player loss, times by the average number of machines || 0–54.20% of monthly average player loss (per machine), depending on monthly average player loss, times by the average number of machines || 31.57–51.57% of gross gaming revenue, depending on gross revenue, plus a 1% Community Benefit Levy || 24.24% of player loss || 21.25–41.25% of gross revenue, depending on gross revenue, plus 1% Community Benefit Levy |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! Queensland |
! Queensland |
||
| 35% of monthly taxable metered win (amount bet minus payout), plus Health Services Levy of |
| 35% of monthly taxable metered win (amount bet minus payout), plus Health Services Levy of 0–20% of monthly taxable metered win, depending on monthly metered win || 0–35.00% of monthly taxable metered win, depending on monthly metered win || 30% of monthly gross revenue (Gold Coast and Brisbane casinos), 20% of gross revenue (Townsville and Cairns casinos) || 29.40% of monthly gross revenue, excluding casino commissions (Jupiters Casino), 20% of monthly gross revenue (Gold Coast and Brisbane casinos), 10% of gross revenue (Townsville and Cairns casinos) || 20% of monthly gross revenue (Gold Coast and Brisbane casinos), 10% of gross revenue (Townsville and Cairns casinos) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! Western Australia |
! Western Australia |
||
Line 174: | Line 308: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! South Australia |
! South Australia |
||
| |
| 0–65% of annual net gambling revenue, depending on annual net gambling revenue || || Up to 41% of net gambling revenue || 41% of net gambling revenue || 3.41% of net gambling revenue (table games), 10.91% of net gambling revenue (fully automated table games) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! Tasmania |
! Tasmania |
||
Line 180: | Line 314: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! Northern Territory |
! Northern Territory |
||
| 12. |
| 12.91–42.91% of monthly gross profits || || 11% of gross profit (Lasseters Casino), 15% of gross profit (Skycity Darwin Casino), plus a 10% Community Benefit Levy || 10% of gross profit, reduced by the GST amount || The GST rate only |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! Australian Capital Territory |
! Australian Capital Territory |
||
Line 246: | Line 380: | ||
*[[Australian Taxation Office]] |
*[[Australian Taxation Office]] |
||
*[[Wrest Point Hotel Casino]] |
*[[Wrest Point Hotel Casino]] |
||
*[[Crown Resorts]] |
|||
*[[Star Entertainment Group]] |
|||
*[[Palmerbet]] |
|||
*[[Gambling]] |
*[[Gambling]] |
||
Revision as of 15:23, 18 June 2024
Gambling is an activity undertaken by many Australians. In 2022, 72.8% of Australian adults gambled within the previous 12 months (80.5% for men and 66.2% for women) and 38% of Australian adults gambled at least once per week (48% for men and 28% for women).[1] In 2017, Australians were estimated to lead the world with the highest gambling losses on a per-capita basis.[2]
On a per-capita basis, Australians placed gambling bets worth AUD$9,885 in financial year 2020-2021, resulting in a loss of AUD$1,200.[3] Australians cumulatively placed bets worth AUD$198 billion in this financial year, resulting in a total loss of AUD$24 billion.[3]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-GamblingActivities-Persons-A2545784A.svg/300px-ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-GamblingActivities-Persons-A2545784A.svg.png)
Gambling is a significant public health issue, with around 80,000 to 160,000 (or 0.5–1.0%) of Australian adults experiencing significant problems from gambling and a further 250,000 to 350,000 (or 1.4–2.1% of adults) experiencing moderate risks that may make them vulnerable to problem gambling.[4]
Revenue
In 2015–16, gambling revenue made up 7.7% of state and territory taxation revenue. The rate was lowest in Western Australia (2.5%) and highest in the Northern Territory (12.0%). Gambling revenue made up 2.5% of total state revenue when other revenue sources were taken into account. The rate was lowest in WA (0.9%) and highest in Victoria (3.2%). Gambling revenue as a portion of state taxation revenue has fallen for all states and territories between 2006–07 and 2015–16.[5]
Total Australian gambling revenue in 2008–09 was just over $19 billion and the share of household consumption was 3.1%.[4] According to the Queensland Government the total Australian gambling market was worth over $25 billion in 2019.[6] During the pandemic in 2020 and 2021 the proportion of online gamblers rose to 78% while half of the Australians gamble on a regular basis.
Forms of gambling
Electronic gaming machines
Electronic gaming machines are commonly referred to within Australia as "pokies" or "poker machines". Electronic gaming machines are operated in all states of Australia as well as the Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory. Each jurisdiction separately regulates the design and operation of electronic gaming machines. In the financial year 2020-2021, Australians placed bets worth almost AUD$150 billion through electronic gaming machines, resulting in a total player loss of AUD$12 billion for the year.[3] Per-capita, losses for financial year 2020-2021 were AUD$608, amounting to approximately half of the AUD$1200 losses per-capita for all forms of gambling.[3]
Jurisdiction | Number of machines | Number of operating venues | Total annual player turnover
(FY20-21)[3] |
Player annual turnover per capita
(FY20-21)[3] |
Total annual player losses | Player annual losses per capita |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New South Wales | 87298 (excluding casinos, June 2023)[7][8] | 2195 (excluding casinos, June 2023)[7][8] | AUD$85.72 billion | AUD$13559 | AUD$8.18 billion (excluding casinos, FY22-23)[9][10][7][8] | AUD$986 (excluding casinos, FY22-23)[9][10][7][8][11] |
Northern Territory | 1659 limit (excluding casinos)[12] | 75 limit (excluding casinos)[12] | AUD$1.65 billion | AUD$8825 | AUD$0.15 billion (FY20-21)[3] | AUD$789 (FY20-21)[3] |
Queensland | 21122 operating (October 2023)[13]
23997 approved (October 2023)[13] |
351 operating (October 2023)[13]
359 approved (October 2023)[13] |
AUD$32.34 billion | AUD$8057 | AUD$3.49 billion (FY22-23)[14] | AUD$645 (FY22-23)[14][11] |
South Australia | 11672 (excluding Adelaide Casino, September 2023)[15] | 471 (excluding Adelaide Casino, September 2023)[15] | AUD$8.68 billion | AUD$6087 | AUD$0.92 billion (excluding Adelaide Casino, FY22-23)[16] | AUD$497 (excluding Adelaide Casino, FY22-23)[16][11] |
Victoria | 26380 (excluding Crown Casino, 2021-2022)[17]
30000 limit[18] |
488 (excluding Crown Casino, 2021-2022)[19] | AUD$17.65 billion | AUD$3420 | AUD$3.02 billion (FY22-23)[20] | AUD$446 (FY22-23)[20][11] |
Australian Capital Territory | 3587 operating (1 November 2023)[21]
5091 approved (1 November 2023)[21] |
46 (1 November 2023)[21] | AUD$1.87 billion | AUD$5284 | AUD$0.19 billion (FY22-23)[22] | AUD$405 (FY22-23)[22][11] |
Australia (combined) | AUD$147.91 billion | AUD$7385 | AUD$12.18 billion (FY20-21)[3] | AUD$608 (FY20-21)[3] |
Jurisdiction | Minimum long-term return to player[23] | Maximum bet[23] | Maximum bet frequency |
---|---|---|---|
New South Wales | 85%[24] | AUD$10.00 | |
Northern Territory | 85% | AUD$5.00 (general)
Unlimited (casinos) |
|
Queensland | 85%[25] | AUD$5.00 (general)
Unlimited (casinos) |
3 seconds[26] |
South Australia | 87.5%[27] | AUD$5.00 (general)
Unlimited (Adelaide Casino) |
|
Australian Capital Territory | 87% | AUD$10.00 | |
Victoria | 85% (general)[28]
87% (Crown Melbourne) |
AUD$5.00 (general)[29][30]
Unlimited (Crown Melbourne)[31] |
2.14 seconds[32] |
Tasmania | 87%[33] | AUD$5.00[33] | 3 seconds[33] |
Western Australia | 90% | Unlimited (Crown Perth) |
New South Wales
New South Wales has a long history of gambling; Australia's first official horse racing meeting occurred in 1810 at Hyde Park in Sydney; the first official Australian lottery occurred in 1881 at the Sydney Cup; and registered clubs operated the first legal poker machines in Australia from 1956.[34]
There are approximately 95,800 "pokies" in NSW, a state total beaten only by Nevada, which operated 181,109 gambling machines in 2014.[35]
Between 1 December 2017 and 31 May 2018 NSW Clubs made a net profit of $1,945,161,625 and hotels made a net profit of $1,169,040,731 from pokies alone.[36]
Fairfield
Fairfield had the highest poker machine revenue in the state for 2013, generating $298 million in clubs and $93 million in pubs, from the start of the year to August.[37] This figure is $123 million greater than the combined total of profits generated from poker machines in the City of Sydney.[37]
Hunter Region
From January to March 2013 poker machines in the Hunter region had a turn over of $4.5 billion, showing an increase of $500 million since 2010.[38] Daily figures show a spend of $12.5 million, working out to be $8682 per minute.[38] The Office of Liquor Gaming and Racing found that Newcastle was the Hunter Regions most profitable location with the 3206 poker machines averaging $44,963 each.[38] The top five most profitable clubs for gaming revenue in the Hunter region in 2010 were:[39]
- 1. Western Suburbs Leagues Club (Wests), New Lambton
- 2. Wests (formerly Club Phoenix), Mayfield
- 3. Wallsend RSL & Community Club, Wallsend
- 4. Belmont 16 Foot Sailing Club, Belmont
- 5. Cardiff Panthers, Cardiff
The top five most profitable hotels for gaming revenue in the Hunter region in 2010 were.[39]
- 1. The George Tavern, East Maitland
- 2. Bay Hotel Motel, Bonnells Bay
- 3. Hotel Jesmond, Jesmond
- 4. The Lake Macquarie Tavern, Mount Hutton
- 5. Warners Bay Hotel, Warners Bay
Central Coast Region
According to the latest figures from Liquor and Gaming NSW there are 4,046 poker machines in 39 clubs on the Central Coast, and 626 poker machines in 29 hotels; making a total of 4,672 poker machines on the Central Coast. That means 2.37% of the total number of poker machines in Australia are on the NSW Central Coast.[40]
Gosford has approximately 1928 pokies, spread across 37 venues. That is the equivalent of one poker machine for every 71 adults. In 2010–11, venues in Gosford made approximately $95,865,000 in profit from pokies. That equates to $700 for each adult member of Gosford's population.[41]
Wyong has approximately 2608 pokies, spread across 35 venues. That is the equivalent of one poker machine for every 47 adults. In 2010–11, venues in Wyong made approximately $123,159,000 in profit from pokies. That equates to $1,000 for each adult member of Wyong's population.[41]
The Central Coast has a higher prevalence of problem gambling than the NSW average. Young men between the ages of 18 and 24 living on the Central Coast are the biggest players of poker machines in NSW and are the highest risk group for problem gambling.[42]
In 2008 Central Coast Gambling Help carried out a survey of 200 young people aged from 13–24 and found:
- 96% of people from 18–24 had gambled for money or possessions
- 62% of those under 14 years old and 77% of those aged up to 17 had gambled for money or items, including mobile phones and MP3 players
- 25.5% of 14- to 17-year-olds and 55% of 18- to 24-year-olds had lost more than they had intended
- and 6% under 18 had played a poker machine[43]
Regulatory authorities
Since the introduction of new gambling services, including online gambling, the Commonwealth has taken a more active role in the regulation of gambling, but the Australian gambling industry is also regulated by State and Territory authorities:[44]
- Australian Capital Territory – ACT Gambling and Racing Commission
- New South Wales – Liquor and Gaming NSW
- Northern Territory – Licensing Commission
- Queensland – Office of Liquor and Gaming Regulation
- South Australia – Independent Gambling Authority
- Tasmania – Tasmanian Gaming Commission
- Victoria – Victorian Gambling and Casino Control Commission
- Western Australia – Department of Racing, Gaming and Liquor
Self-regulatory government initiatives
In August 2023, a federal self-exclusion registry known as "BetStop" was introduced by the Australian Communications and Media Authority. All betting providers in Australia are required to verify customers against the registry, and must not allow users to create an account or receive marketing communications if a match is detected. At least 18,000 users registered within its first six months of operation.[45][46] The project was first recommended by Barry O'Farrell as part of a 2015 review; it was originally intended to launch in 2022, but was delayed after the technology provider that was originally contracted to develop the registry went into administration.[46]
Key legislation
Traditionally gambling has been legislated at a state and territory level rather than by the Commonwealth:[47]
- Australian Capital Territory
- Betting (ACTTAB Limited) Act 1964
- Casino Control Act 2006
- Gaming Machine Act 2004
- Interactive Gambling Act 1998
- Lotteries Act 1964
- Pool Betting Act 1964
- Race and Sports Bookmaking Act 2001
- Racing Act 1999
- Unlawful Gambling
- New South Wales
- Betting Tax Act 2001
- Casino Control Act 1992
- Charitable Fundraising Act 1991
- Gambling (Two-Up) Act 1998
- Gaming and Liquor Administration Act 2007
- Gaming Machines Act 2001
- Gaming Machines Tax Act 2001
- Liquor Act 2007
- Lotteries and Art Unions Act 1901
- Public Lotteries Act 1996
- Racing Administration Act 1998
- Registered Clubs Act 1976
- Totalizator Act 1997
- Unlawful Gambling Act 1998.
- Northern Territory
- Gaming Control Act 2005;
- Gaming Machine Act 2005;
- Northern Territory Licensing Commission Act 2001;
- Racing and Betting Act 2004;
- Soccer Football Pools Act 2004;
- Totalisator Licensing and Regulation Act 2004; and
- Unlawful Betting Act 2004.
- Queensland
- Brisbane Casino Agreement Act 1992
- Breakwater Island Casino Agreement Act 1984
- Cairns Casino Agreement Act 1993
- Casino Control Act 1982
- Charitable and Non-Profit Gaming Act 1999
- Gaming Machine Act 1991
- Interactive Gambling (Player Protection) Act 1998
- Jupiters Casino Agreement Act 1983
- Keno Act 1996
- Lotteries Act 1997
- Wagering Act 1998.
- South Australia
- Authorised Betting Operations Act 2000
- Casino Act 1997
- Gaming Machines Act 1992
- Lottery and Gaming Act 1936
- State Lotteries Act 1966
- Tasmania
- Gaming Control Act 1993
- TT-Line Gaming Act 1993
- Victoria
- Casino Control Act 1991
- Casino (Management Agreement) Act 1993
- Gambling Regulation Act 2003.
- Western Australia
- Betting Control Act 1954
- Bookmakers Betting Levy Act 1954
- Casino (Burswood Island) Agreement Act 1985
- Casino Control Act 1984
- Gaming and Betting (Contracts and Securities) Act 1985
- Gaming and Wagering Commission Act 1987
- Gaming and Wagering Commission (Continuing Lotteries Levy) Act 2000
- Racing and Wagering Western Australia Act 2003
- Racing and Wagering Western Australia Tax Act 2003
- Racing Restriction Act 2003
- Racing Bets Levy Act 2009
Online gambling
The Interactive Gambling Act (2001) was passed by the Australian Commonwealth Parliament on 28 June 2001.[48] It received assent on 11 July 2001[49]
The Act is targeted at online gambling operators, making it an offense for them to offer 'real-money' online interactive gambling to residents of Australia. It also makes it illegal for online gambling operators to advertise 'real-money' interactive gambling services (such as online poker and online casinos) to Australian citizens.[48] That being said, the amount spent on online gaming by Australians reached some $800 million by 2010, according to the official 2010 Productivity Report of the Australian Government.[50] Australian gamblers wager nearly $250 billions annually.[51]
Accessing and using the interactive gambling services is not an offence. It is also allowed to companies based in Australia to offer their gambling services to gamblers located outside Australia with the exception of those countries that were called 'designated countries' like Australia.[52]
Taxation laws on gambling in Australia
Gamblers' winnings in Australia are not taxed. There are 3 main reasons for that:
- Gambling is not considered a profession, it's treated as a hobby or recreational activity.
- The Australian government views gains from gambling activities not as income, but as a result of good luck. Even if someone wins big, they also lose a lot in other gambling sessions.
- The government taxes gambling operators instead.[53]
Taxation of gambling operators in Australia differs from state to state and different gambling services are taxed in a different way. There are taxes on the turnover, on player loss and net profit. As gambling operators need to obtain a licence to offer their services, certain fees must also be paid at this stage of gambling business development.[54]
The use of different tax rates and tax bases makes it difficult to compare taxes across states. For example, the ACT's keno tax rate of 2.53% of turnover is equivalent to a tax rate on gross profits of 10.12%.[55]
Tax rates (2015–16)[56]
EGMs in hotels | EGMs in clubs | EGMs in casinos | Keno | Table games in casinos (and keno in casinos in some instances) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NSW | 0–50% of quarterly player loss, depending on quarterly player loss | 0–28.05% of quarterly player loss, depending on quarterly player loss (the rate peaks at 28.05% for $250,000–$450,000, then falls to 18.05% before rising to a maximum of 26.55% above $5 million) | 16.41–38.91% of gross revenue, depending on gross revenue, plus 2% Responsible Gambling Levy on gross gaming revenue | 8.91%–14.91% of player loss, depending on player loss | 16.41–38.91% of gross revenue, depending on gross revenue |
Victoria | 8.33–62.53% of monthly average player loss (per machine), depending on by monthly average player loss, times by the average number of machines | 0–54.20% of monthly average player loss (per machine), depending on monthly average player loss, times by the average number of machines | 31.57–51.57% of gross gaming revenue, depending on gross revenue, plus a 1% Community Benefit Levy | 24.24% of player loss | 21.25–41.25% of gross revenue, depending on gross revenue, plus 1% Community Benefit Levy |
Queensland | 35% of monthly taxable metered win (amount bet minus payout), plus Health Services Levy of 0–20% of monthly taxable metered win, depending on monthly metered win | 0–35.00% of monthly taxable metered win, depending on monthly metered win | 30% of monthly gross revenue (Gold Coast and Brisbane casinos), 20% of gross revenue (Townsville and Cairns casinos) | 29.40% of monthly gross revenue, excluding casino commissions (Jupiters Casino), 20% of monthly gross revenue (Gold Coast and Brisbane casinos), 10% of gross revenue (Townsville and Cairns casinos) | 20% of monthly gross revenue (Gold Coast and Brisbane casinos), 10% of gross revenue (Townsville and Cairns casinos) |
Western Australia | K.A. | K.A. | 12.42% flat rate on gross gaming revenue, plus 2% Burswood Park Levy on gross revenue | 9.37% of player loss (domestic), 1.75% of player loss (international business) | 9.37% (domestic), 12.92% (fully automated table games) |
South Australia | 0–65% of annual net gambling revenue, depending on annual net gambling revenue | Up to 41% of net gambling revenue | 41% of net gambling revenue | 3.41% of net gambling revenue (table games), 10.91% of net gambling revenue (fully automated table games) | |
Tasmania | 25.88% of gross profit, plus 4% Community Support Levy | 25.88% on gross profit | 5.88% of gross profit | 0.88% of annual gross profit | |
Northern Territory | 12.91–42.91% of monthly gross profits | 11% of gross profit (Lasseters Casino), 15% of gross profit (Skycity Darwin Casino), plus a 10% Community Benefit Levy | 10% of gross profit, reduced by the GST amount | The GST rate only | |
Australian Capital Territory | 25.9% of gross monthly revenue, plus 0.6% Problem Gambling Assistance Fund Levy | 10.9% of gross revenue | 2.53% of turnover |
Forms of taxation | Gambling Activity |
---|---|
Turnover tax | Bookmakers (racing) |
Bookmakers (sports betting) | |
Totalisator wagering on racing | |
Lottery subscriptions | |
Draw card machines | |
Keno | |
Tax on player loss | Totalisator wagering on racing |
Sports betting | |
Poker machines in hotels, clubs, casinos | |
Casinos | |
TAB sports betting | |
Keno | |
Net profits tax | Poker machines |
Off-course totalisator investment | |
Licence Fees | Casinos |
Poker machines | |
Lotteries | |
Racing | |
Bookmakers | |
Sports betting | |
Minor gambling (bingo, raffles) |
See also
- Federal Hotels
- Australian Taxation Office
- Wrest Point Hotel Casino
- Crown Resorts
- Star Entertainment Group
- Palmerbet
- Gambling
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