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{{Other uses}}
:''This article is about the district municipality in the North Okanagan region of British Columbia, Canada. For the similarly-named town in the Columbia Valley/East Kootenay, see [[Spillimacheen, British Columbia]].
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
'''Spallumcheen''' is a [[district municipality]] in the [[Canada|Canadian]] province of [[British Columbia]]. Located in the [[Okanagan Valley]] region between [[Vernon, British Columbia|Vernon]] and [[Enderby, British Columbia|Enderby]], the township had a population of 4,960 in the [[Canada 2006 Census]]. The district consists primarily of agricultural land surrounding the separately incorportated City of [[Armstrong, British Columbia|Armstrong]]. Both '''Spallumcheen''' and [[Armstrong, British Columbia|Armstrong]] are part of the [[Regional District of North Okanagan]].
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Spallumcheen
|official_name = The Corporation of the Township of Spallumcheen<ref name=BCmunis>{{cite web|url=http://www.cscd.gov.bc.ca/lgd/infra/library/Name%20Incorp%202011.xls|title=British Columbia Regional Districts, Municipalities, Corporate Name, Date of Incorporation and Postal Address|publisher=British Columbia Ministry of Communities, Sport and Cultural Development|type=[[Microsoft Excel|XLS]]|accessdate=November 2, 2014}}</ref>
|other_name =
|native_name =
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|settlement_type = [[List of district municipalities in British Columbia|District municipality]]
|motto =
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|pushpin_map = Canada British Columbia<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
|pushpin_label_position =<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|pushpin_map_caption =Location of Spallumcheen in [[British Columbia]]
|pushpin_mapsize =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = Canada
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[British Columbia]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Regions of Canada#British Columbia|Region]]
|subdivision_name2 =
|subdivision_type3 = [[Regional districts of British Columbia|Regional district]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Regional District of North Okanagan|North Okanagan]]
|subdivision_type4 =
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|government_footnotes =
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|established_title = Incorporated
|established_date = 1892
|established_title2 =
|established_date2 =
|established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
|established_date3 =
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref =
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 255.77
|area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
|area_water_km2 =
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|population_as_of = 2011
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|population_total = 5055
|population_density_km2 = auto
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|timezone = [[Pacific Standard Time|PST]]
|utc_offset = -8
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|coordinates = {{coord|50|26|N|119|13|W|region:CA-BC|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m =
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|blank_name = [[List of British Columbia provincial highways|Highways]]
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|blank1_name = Waterways
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|website = {{URL|http://www.spallumcheentwp.bc.ca/}}
|footnotes =
}}
{{stack|{{Historical populations
| footnote = Sources: [[Statistics Canada]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/StatisticsBySubject/Census/MunicipalPopulations.aspx?ctl00_ctl00_PlaceholderPageContent_PlaceholderPage3_usercontrols_general_csvviewer_ascx1_GridCsvChangePage=6_20&ctl00_ctl00_PlaceholderPageContent_PlaceholderPage4_ctl00_GridCsvChangePage=6_20 |title=British Columbia – Municipal Census Populations (1921–2011) |publisher=BC Stats |accessdate=May 9, 2013}}</ref>
| [[Census in Canada|1921]] | 523
| [[Census in Canada|1931]] | 1629
| [[Census in Canada|1941]] | 1805
| [[Census in Canada|1951]] | 1936
| [[Census in Canada|1956]] | 1937
| [[Census in Canada|1961]] | 2123
| [[Census in Canada|1966]] | 2076
| [[Census in Canada|1971]] | 2302
| [[Census in Canada|1976]] | 3378
| [[Census in Canada|1981]] | 4213
| [[Census in Canada|1986]] | 4310
| [[Census in Canada|1991]] | 4719
| [[Canada 1996 Census|1996]] | 5322
| [[Canada 2001 Census|2001]] | 5134
| [[Canada 2006 Census|2006]] | 4960
| [[Canada 2011 Census|2011]] | 5055
}}}}
'''Spallumcheen''' is a [[district municipality]] in the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Canadian province]] of [[British Columbia]]. Located in the [[Okanagan]] region between [[Vernon, British Columbia|Vernon]] and [[Enderby, British Columbia|Enderby]], the township had a population of 5,055 and land area of {{convert|255.77|sqkm}} in the [[Canada 2011 Census]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-csd-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CSD&GC=5937024 |title=Census subdivision of Spallumcheen, DM – British Columbia |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |accessdate=March 12, 2013}}</ref> The district, whose official name is the Township of Spallumcheen and which is the oldest rural municipality in the [[British Columbia Interior]] (incorporated in 1892),<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cscd.gov.bc.ca/lgd/infra/library/Name%20Incorp%202011.xls | title=British Columbia Regional Districts, Municipalities, Corporate Name, Date of Incorporation and Postal Address | publisher=British Columbia Ministry of Communities, Sport and Cultural Development | type=[[Microsoft Excel|XLS]] | accessdate=December 8, 2012}}</ref> consists primarily of agricultural land surrounding the separately incorporated City of [[Armstrong, British Columbia|Armstrong]]. Both Spallumcheen and Armstrong are member municipalities of the [[Regional District of North Okanagan]].

==Etymology==
The name is derived from a [[Shuswap language]] word, either "spil-a-mi-shine" meaning "flat mouth", or "spal-lum-shin" meaning "meadow flat". Another word, ''spalmtsin'', which has an [[Okanagan language]] cognate ''spelemtsin'', means "flat area along edge". Other variations include ''Spellmacheen'' and ''Spallamcheen'', which were the original names used for the [[Shuswap River]], which exits the [[Shuswap Highland]] in this area and heads north to [[Mara Lake|Mara]] and [[Shuswap Lake]]s. The same word is the source of the name of the [[Spillimacheen River]] and the [[Spillimacheen, British Columbia|settlement of the same name]] in the [[Columbia Valley]].<ref>Geological Survey of Canada Report 1877-78, by G.M. Dawson</ref><ref>Claudet's Report of his trip to Cherry Creek in 1867, refers to the river as "Spellmacheen". (12th Report of the Geographic Board of Canada, 1948, citing G.M. Dawson's 1877-78 Geological Survey Report, p.27B</ref><ref>Dawson, "Shuswap", 43; Ok, 6:136-138, 10:66).</ref><ref>Akrigg, Helen B. and Akrigg, G.P.V; British Columbia Place Names; Sono Nis Press, Victoria 1986 /or University of British Columbia Press 1997</ref>

== Demographics ==
In the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census of Population]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Spallumcheen had a population of 5,307 living in 2,036 of its 2,099 total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:5307-5106}}|5106|1}} from its 2016 population of 5,106. With a land area of {{cvt|254.92|km2}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|5307|254.92|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000259 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), British Columbia | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=February 20, 2022}}</ref>

=== Ethnicity ===
{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ [[Panethnicity|Panethnic]] groups in the District of Spallumcheen (2001−2021)
! rowspan="2" |[[Panethnicity|Panethnic]]<br>group
! colspan="2" |2021<ref name="2021censusB"/>
! colspan="2" |2016<ref name="2016census">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title= Census Profile, 2016 Census |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5937024&Geo2=CD&Code2=5937&SearchText=Spallumcheen&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="2011census">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2015-11-27 |title= NHS Profile |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5937024&Data=Count&SearchText=Spallumcheen&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2006<ref name="2006census">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-08-20 |title= 2006 Community Profiles |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5937024&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Spallumcheen&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="2001census">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-07-02 |title= 2001 Community Profiles |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5937024&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Spallumcheen&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[European Canadians|European]]{{efn|Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.|name=euro}}
| 4,915
| {{Percentage | 4915 | 5305 | 2 }}
| 4,720
| {{Percentage | 4720 | 5100 | 2 }}
| 4,690
| {{Percentage | 4690 | 5045 | 2 }}
| 4,690
| {{Percentage | 4690 | 4960 | 2 }}
| 4,790
| {{Percentage | 4790 | 5130 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]]
| 310
| {{Percentage | 310 | 5305 | 2 }}
| 275
| {{Percentage | 275 | 5100 | 2 }}
| 320
| {{Percentage | 320 | 5045 | 2 }}
| 220
| {{Percentage | 220 | 4960 | 2 }}
| 240
| {{Percentage | 240 | 5130 | 2 }}
|-
| [[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.|name=EastAsian}}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 5305 | 2 }}
| 40
| {{Percentage | 40 | 5100 | 2 }}
| 40
| {{Percentage | 40 | 5045 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 4960 | 2 }}
| 50
| {{Percentage | 50 | 5130 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Southeast Asia|Southeast Asian]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.|name=SoutheastAsian}}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 5305 | 2 }}
| 35
| {{Percentage | 35 | 5100 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5045 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 4960 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 5130 | 2 }}
|-
| [[African-Canadian|African]]
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 5305 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5100 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5045 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4960 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5130 | 2 }}
|-
| [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5305 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5100 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5045 | 2 }}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 4960 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 5130 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5305 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 5100 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5045 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4960 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 5130 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Middle Eastern Canadians|Middle Eastern]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.|name=MiddleEastern}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5305 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5100 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5045 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4960 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5130 | 2 }}
|-
| Other/[[Multiracial people|Multiracial]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, {{abbr|n.i.e.|not included elsewhere}}" and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.|name=Other}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5305 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 5100 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5045 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 4960 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 5130 | 2 }}
|-
! Total responses
! 5,305
! {{Percentage | 5305 | 5307 | 2 }}
! 5,100
! {{Percentage | 5100 | 5106 | 2 }}
! 5,045
! {{Percentage | 5045 | 5040 | 2 }}
! 4,960
! {{Percentage | 4960 | 4960 | 2 }}
! 5,130
! {{Percentage | 5130 | 5134 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population
! 5,307
! {{Percentage | 5307 | 5307 | 2 }}
! 5,106
! {{Percentage | 5106 | 5106 | 2 }}
! 5,040
! {{Percentage | 5040 | 5040 | 2 }}
! 4,960
! {{Percentage | 4960 | 4960 | 2 }}
! 5,134
! {{Percentage | 5134 | 5134 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses}}
|}

=== Religion ===
According to the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], religious groups in Spallumcheen included:<ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Spallumcheen%20&DGUIDlist=2021A00055937024&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
*[[Irreligion in Canada|Irreligion]] (2,925 persons or 55.1%)
*[[Christianity in Canada|Christianity]] (2,315 persons or 43.6%)
**Catholic (345 persons or 6.5%)
**United Church (215 persons or 4.1%)
**Baptist (135 persons or 2.5%)
**Reformed (110 persons or 2.1%)
**Anabaptist (65 persons or 1.2%)
**Lutheran (65 persons or 1.2%)
**Other Christian (1,380 persons or 26.0%)
*Other (50 persons or 0.9%)

==See also==
*[[Spallumcheen Indian Band]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}


==References==
==References==
*{{BCGNIS|20754|Spallumcheen (district municipality)}}
*{{BCGNIS|20754|Spallumcheen (district municipality)}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.spallumcheentwp.bc.ca/siteengine/activepage.asp?bhcp=1 Township of Spallumcheen]
*{{official|http://www.spallumcheentwp.bc.ca}}


{{Subdivisions of British Columbia|district=yes}}
{{Subdivisions of British Columbia|district=yes}}
{{Okanagan communities}}

{{authority control}}
{{coord|50|26|00|N|119|13|00|W|display=title}}


[[Category:District municipalities in British Columbia]]
[[Category:District municipalities in British Columbia]]
[[Category:Settlements in the Regional District of North Okanagan]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Okanagan Country]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Regional District of North Okanagan]]
[[Category:Okanagan Country]]




Latest revision as of 05:20, 21 June 2024

For other uses, see Spallumcheen (disambiguation).

Spallumcheen
District municipality
The Corporation of the Township of Spallumcheen[1]
Spallumcheen is located in British Columbia
Spallumcheen
Spallumcheen
Location of Spallumcheen in British Columbia
Coordinates: 50°26′N 119°13′W / 50.433°N 119.217°W / 50.433; -119.217
CountryCanada
ProvinceBritish Columbia
Regional districtNorth Okanagan
Incorporated1892
Area
 • Total255.77 km2 (98.75 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total5,055
 • Density20/km2 (51/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-8 (PST)
Websitewww.spallumcheentwp.bc.ca
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1921 523—    
1931 1,629+211.5%
1941 1,805+10.8%
1951 1,936+7.3%
1956 1,937+0.1%
1961 2,123+9.6%
1966 2,076−2.2%
1971 2,302+10.9%
1976 3,378+46.7%
1981 4,213+24.7%
1986 4,310+2.3%
1991 4,719+9.5%
1996 5,322+12.8%
2001 5,134−3.5%
2006 4,960−3.4%
2011 5,055+1.9%
Sources: Statistics Canada[2]

Spallumcheen is a district municipality in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Located in the Okanagan region between Vernon and Enderby, the township had a population of 5,055 and land area of 255.77 square kilometres (98.75 sq mi) in the Canada 2011 Census.[3] The district, whose official name is the Township of Spallumcheen and which is the oldest rural municipality in the British Columbia Interior (incorporated in 1892),[4] consists primarily of agricultural land surrounding the separately incorporated City of Armstrong. Both Spallumcheen and Armstrong are member municipalities of the Regional District of North Okanagan.

Etymology

[edit]

The name is derived from a Shuswap language word, either "spil-a-mi-shine" meaning "flat mouth", or "spal-lum-shin" meaning "meadow flat". Another word, spalmtsin, which has an Okanagan language cognate spelemtsin, means "flat area along edge". Other variations include Spellmacheen and Spallamcheen, which were the original names used for the Shuswap River, which exits the Shuswap Highland in this area and heads north to Mara and Shuswap Lakes. The same word is the source of the name of the Spillimacheen River and the settlement of the same name in the Columbia Valley.[5][6][7][8]

Demographics

[edit]

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Spallumcheen had a population of 5,307 living in 2,036 of its 2,099 total private dwellings, a change of 3.9% from its 2016 population of 5,106. With a land area of 254.92 km2 (98.43 sq mi), it had a population density of 20.8/km2 (53.9/sq mi) in 2021.[9]

Ethnicity

[edit]
Panethnic groups in the District of Spallumcheen (2001−2021)
Panethnic
group 		2021[10] 2016[11] 2011[12] 2006[13] 2001[14]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[a] 4,915 92.65% 4,720 92.55% 4,690 92.96% 4,690 94.56% 4,790 93.37%
Indigenous 310 5.84% 275 5.39% 320 6.34% 220 4.44% 240 4.68%
East Asian[b] 30 0.57% 40 0.78% 40 0.79% 20 0.4% 50 0.97%
Southeast Asian[c] 20 0.38% 35 0.69% 0 0% 10 0.2% 15 0.29%
African 15 0.28% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
South Asian 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 30 0.6% 10 0.19%
Latin American 0 0% 10 0.2% 0 0% 0 0% 20 0.39%
Middle Eastern[d] 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Other/Multiracial[e] 0 0% 20 0.39% 0 0% 10 0.2% 10 0.19%
Total responses 5,305 99.96% 5,100 99.88% 5,045 100.1% 4,960 100% 5,130 99.92%
Total population 5,307 100% 5,106 100% 5,040 100% 4,960 100% 5,134 100%
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses

Religion

[edit]

According to the 2021 census, religious groups in Spallumcheen included:[10]

  • Irreligion (2,925 persons or 55.1%)
  • Christianity (2,315 persons or 43.6%)
    • Catholic (345 persons or 6.5%)
    • United Church (215 persons or 4.1%)
    • Baptist (135 persons or 2.5%)
    • Reformed (110 persons or 2.1%)
    • Anabaptist (65 persons or 1.2%)
    • Lutheran (65 persons or 1.2%)
    • Other Christian (1,380 persons or 26.0%)
  • Other (50 persons or 0.9%)

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  2. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  3. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  4. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  5. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.

References

[edit]
  • "Spallumcheen (district municipality)". BC Geographical Names.
  1. ^ "British Columbia Regional Districts, Municipalities, Corporate Name, Date of Incorporation and Postal Address" (XLS). British Columbia Ministry of Communities, Sport and Cultural Development. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
  2. ^ "British Columbia – Municipal Census Populations (1921–2011)". BC Stats. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  3. ^ "Census subdivision of Spallumcheen, DM – British Columbia". Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
  4. ^ "British Columbia Regional Districts, Municipalities, Corporate Name, Date of Incorporation and Postal Address" (XLS). British Columbia Ministry of Communities, Sport and Cultural Development. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
  5. ^ Geological Survey of Canada Report 1877-78, by G.M. Dawson
  6. ^ Claudet's Report of his trip to Cherry Creek in 1867, refers to the river as "Spellmacheen". (12th Report of the Geographic Board of Canada, 1948, citing G.M. Dawson's 1877-78 Geological Survey Report, p.27B
  7. ^ Dawson, "Shuswap", 43; Ok, 6:136-138, 10:66).
  8. ^ Akrigg, Helen B. and Akrigg, G.P.V; British Columbia Place Names; Sono Nis Press, Victoria 1986 /or University of British Columbia Press 1997
  9. ^ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), British Columbia". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
  10. ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  11. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2021-10-27). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  12. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  13. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-08-20). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  14. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-07-02). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
[edit]


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