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Coordinates: 45°50′46.77″N 15°25′29.53″E / 45.8463250°N 15.4248694°E / 45.8463250; 15.4248694
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| image_caption = <small>From top, left to right: Kostanjevica from afar, Oražen House and St. Nicholas' Church, Monastery Gate, Bridge over Krka river, Monastery Courtyard, Kostanjevica Monastery </small>
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|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Slovenia
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|subdivision_name = [[File:Flag of Slovenia.svg|25px]] [[Slovenia]]
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|subdivision_name1 = [[Lower Carniola]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Lower Carniola]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Statistical regions of Slovenia|Statistical region]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Statistical regions of Slovenia|Statistical region]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Spodnjeposavska statistical region|Lower Sava]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Lower Sava Statistical Region|Lower Sava]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Municipalities of Slovenia|Municipality]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Municipalities of Slovenia|Municipality]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Municipality of Kostanjevica na Krki|Kostanjevica na Krki]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Municipality of Kostanjevica na Krki|Kostanjevica na Krki]]
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|footnotes = <ref>[http://www.stat.si/eng/index.asp Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia]</ref>}}
|footnotes = <ref>[http://www.stat.si/eng/index.asp Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia]</ref>}}


'''Kostanjevica na Krki''' (also ''Kostanjevica ob Krki,'' {{lang-de|Landstraß}}<ref name="Leksikon">[http://www.ff.uni-lj.si/oddelki/Zgodovin/Repertoriji/Kranjska%201900.pdf ''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 6: ''Kranjsko''. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 68.] {{sl icon}}</ref>), is a small [[town]] in the historic [[Lower Carniola]] region of southern [[Slovenia]]. It is the seat of the [[Municipality of Kostanjevica na Krki]]. Today it is part of the [[Spodnjeposavska statistical region|Lower Sava statistical region]].<ref>[http://www.kostanjevica.si/ Kostanjevica na Krki municipal site]</ref> It is located in the northern foothills of the [[Žumberak|Gorjanci Hills]] near the border with [[Croatia]]. The center of the settlement is on an island in the [[Krka (Slovenia)|Krka]] River, and it is also promoted as the "[[Venice]] of Lower Carniola" in Slovenian ({{lang-sl|Dolenjske Benetke}}).
'''Kostanjevica na Krki''' ({{IPA-sl|kɔˈstaːnjɛʋitsa na ˈkəɾki|pron|Sl-KostanjevicanaKrki.oga}}; also ''Kostanjevica ob Krki,'' {{lang-de|Landstraß}}<ref name="Leksikon">''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 6: ''Kranjsko''. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 68.</ref>) is a small [[town]] in the historic [[Lower Carniola]] region of southern [[Slovenia]]. It is the seat of the [[Municipality of Kostanjevica na Krki]]. Today it is part of the [[Lower Sava Statistical Region]].<ref>[http://www.kostanjevica.si/ Kostanjevica na Krki municipal site]</ref> It is located in the northern foothills of the [[Žumberak|Gorjanci Hills]] near the border with [[Croatia]]. The center of the settlement is on an island in the [[Krka (Slovenia)|Krka]] River, and it is also promoted as the "[[Venice]] of Lower Carniola" in Slovenian ({{lang-sl|Dolenjske Benetke}}).


==Name==
==Name==
The name of the settlement was changed from ''Kostanjevica'' to ''Kostanjevica na Krki'' in 1955.<ref>''Spremembe naselij 1948–95''. 1996. Database. Ljubljana: Geografski inštitut ZRC SAZU, DZS.</ref> In the 19th century the German name was ''Landstraß''.<ref name="Leksikon"/>
The name of the settlement was changed from ''Kostanjevica'' to ''Kostanjevica na Krki'' in 1955.<ref>''Spremembe naselij 1948–95''. 1996. Database. Ljubljana: Geografski inštitut ZRC SAZU, DZS.</ref> In the past the German name was ''Landstraß''.<ref name="Leksikon"/>


==History==
==History==
The town is protected as a cultural and historical monument.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uradni-list.si/1/content?id=6595 |title=Odlok o razglasitvi mesta Kostanjevice na Krki za kulturni in zgodovinski spomenik (Krško) |language=Slovene |trans_title=Order proclaiming the city of Kostanjevica na Krki as a cultural and historical monument (Krško) |work=Official Gazette |publisher=Municipality of Krško |year=1997}}</ref> Kostanjevica is the oldest city of the region. In the early 13th century, the [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthian]] duke [[Bernhard von Spanheim]] established the ''Fons Sanctae Mariae'' [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] Abbey on the southern frontier of the [[March of Carniola]], which he claimed against the resistance of the [[Patriarchate of Aquileia (state)|Patriarchs of Aquileia]] and the [[Duchy of Merania|Dukes of Merania]].
The town is protected as a cultural and historical monument.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uradni-list.si/1/content?id=6595 |title=Odlok o razglasitvi mesta Kostanjevice na Krki za kulturni in zgodovinski spomenik (Krško) |language=Slovenian |trans-title=Order proclaiming the city of Kostanjevica na Krki as a cultural and historical monument (Krško) |work=Official Gazette |publisher=Municipality of Krško |year=1997}}</ref> Kostanjevica is the oldest city of the region. In the early 13th century, the [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthian]] duke [[Bernhard von Spanheim]] established the ''Fons Sanctae Mariae'' [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] Abbey on the southern frontier of the [[March of Carniola]], which he claimed against the resistance of the [[Patriarchate of Aquileia (state)|Patriarchs of Aquileia]] and the [[Duchy of Merania|Dukes of Merania]].
[[File:Kostanjevica-grad-samostan-3.JPG|thumb|left|Kostanjevica Abbey]]
[[File:Kostanjevica-grad-samostan-3.JPG|thumb|left|Kostanjevica Abbey]]
The monastery, a filial of [[Viktring Abbey]] near [[Klagenfurt]], was enlarged in a [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] style in the early 18th century. It was nevertheless finally disbanded in 1785 by the Habsburg emperor [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]].
The monastery, a filial of [[Viktring Abbey]] near [[Klagenfurt]], was enlarged in a [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] style in the early 18th century. It was nevertheless finally disbanded in 1785 by the Habsburg emperor [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]].


The settlement of Kostanjevica was first mentioned as a [[German town law|town]] in 1210 and received [[market rights]] in 1249. During the Late Middle Ages it was an important commercial centre in the [[Duchy of Carniola]] held by the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] archdukes of [[Archduchy of Austria|Austria]]. After several devastations by [[Ottoman Wars in Europe|Ottoman military raids]] in the 15th and 16th centuries, it lost its importance. After the 17th century, it turned into a mostly rural settlement, which however retained its town status. In 2000, it was recognised by the [[National Assembly (Slovenia)|National Assembly]] as a city.<ref name="Žagar">{{cite book |url=http://www.mju.gov.si/fileadmin/mju.gov.si/pageuploads/mju_dokumenti/UA/Irena/Microsoft_Word_-_lekt.Zagar-UA-LS._januar_08.pdf |title=Lokalna samouprava: organizacija in funkcija |language=Slovene |trans_title=Local Self-Government: Organisation and Function |firsT=Katarina |last=Žagar ||month=October |year=2007 |edition=5th |publisher=Administration Academy, Ministry of Public Administration |page=28}}</ref>
The settlement of Kostanjevica was first mentioned as a [[German town law|town]] in 1210 and received [[market rights]] in 1249. During the Late Middle Ages it was an important commercial centre in the [[Duchy of Carniola]] held by the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] archdukes of [[Archduchy of Austria|Austria]]. After several devastations by [[Ottoman Wars in Europe|Ottoman military raids]] in the 15th and 16th centuries, it lost its importance. After the 17th century, it turned into a mostly rural settlement, which however retained its town status. In 2000, it was recognised by the [[National Assembly (Slovenia)|National Assembly]] as a city.<ref name="Žagar">{{cite book |url=http://www.mju.gov.si/fileadmin/mju.gov.si/pageuploads/mju_dokumenti/UA/Irena/Microsoft_Word_-_lekt.Zagar-UA-LS._januar_08.pdf |title=Lokalna samouprava: organizacija in funkcija |language=Slovenian |trans-title=Local Self-Government: Organisation and Function |first=Katarina |last=Žagar |date=October 2007 |edition=5th |publisher=Administration Academy, Ministry of Public Administration |page=28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726190038/http://www.mju.gov.si/fileadmin/mju.gov.si/pageuploads/mju_dokumenti/UA/Irena/Microsoft_Word_-_lekt.Zagar-UA-LS._januar_08.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-26 }}</ref>{{historical populations|25=1948|26=395|27=1953|28=503|29=1961|30=548|31=1971|32=559|33=1981|34=680|35=1991|36=751|37=2002|38=701|39=2011|40=695|41=2021|42=702|footnote=Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.}}{{clear left}}
===Mass grave===

[[File:Kostanjevica na Krki Slovenia - mass grave 2.jpg|thumb|Krakovo Forest 2 Mass Grave]]
In 1945, a mass post-war massacre occurred in the [[Krakovo Forest]] near Kostanjevica. The [[Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia]] has discovered a [[World War II]] mass grave of victims of the [[Slovene Partisans]].<ref>[http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Svijet/tabid/67/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/126323/Default.aspx Uz granicu kod Dobove Slovenci otkopavaju kosti 6000 Hrvata], [[Slobodna Dalmacija]]</ref>
Kostanjevica na Krki is the location of one of two known [[Mass graves in Slovenia|mass graves]] associated with the Second World War in the Krakovo Forest. The sites consist of 10 large mounds and contain the remains of an undetermined number of Croatian prisoners of war, civilians, and possibly German soldiers as well. The Krakovo Forest 2 Mass Grave ({{lang|sl|Grobišče Krakovski gozd 2}}) lies about {{convert|800|m|sp=us}} northeast of the north bridge across the Krka River in Kostanjevica na Krki and about {{convert|200|m|sp=us}} from the bridge across Sajevec Creek. The site is marked by a large mound with a cross next to it.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ferenc |first1=Mitja |title=Grobišče Krakovski gozd 2 |url=http://www.geopedia.si/?params=T105_L7387_F200#T105_F7387:102_x533243.673224058_y78975.9969793861_s15_b4 |website=Geopedia |publisher=Služba za vojna grobišča, Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve |accessdate=April 30, 2020 |location=Ljubljana |language=sl |date=December 2009}}</ref> The grave site was created simultaneously with the [[Krakovo Forest 1 Mass Grave]] ({{lang-sl|Grobišče Krakovski gozd 1}}) in neighboring [[Sajevce, Kostanjevica na Krki|Sajevce]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ferenc |first1=Mitja |title=Grobišče Krakovski gozd 1 |url=http://www.geopedia.si/?params=T105_L7387_F200#T105_F7387:101_x533683.00348725_y79402.433102547_s15_b4 |website=Geopedia |publisher=Služba za vojna grobišča, Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve |accessdate=April 30, 2020 |location=Ljubljana |language=sl |date=December 2009}}</ref> The two sites were created around May 15, 1945, when [[Yugoslav Partisans|Partisan]] forces captured about 4,000 Croatian soldiers and civilians at [[Dobruška Vas]] fleeing toward Austria. They were held on the left bank of the Krka River and killed in the forest over the course of a few days; eyewitnesses stated that the victims included children, women, and elderly persons.<ref>{{cite news |title=Poklon zamolčanim žrtvam komunistične revolucije 1945 v Krakovskem gozdu |url=https://www.posavskiobzornik.si/panorama/poklon-zamolanim-rtvam-komunistine-revolucije-1945-v-krakovskem-gozdu |access-date=September 25, 2021 |work=Posavski obzornik |date=November 30, 2015}}</ref>


==Sights==
==Sights==
[[File:KostanjevicaNaKrki-1.JPG|thumb|right|280px|Bridge over the Krka River]]
A former monastic complex, which was severely damaged in [[World War II]], has been renovated and now houses the [[Božidar Jakac Gallery]], an [[art gallery]] with a sculpture park and a permanent exhibition of works by [[Božidar Jakac]]. It is dominated by the [[Gothic architecture|Early Gothic]] abbey church built in 1234.<ref>[http://rkd.situla.org/ Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage] reference number 265</ref>
A former monastic complex, which was burned by the [[Yugoslav Partisans|Partisans]] in [[World War II]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kladnik |first1=Drago |title=Posavje in Posotelje A–Ž |date=2006 |publisher=Založba ZRC |location=Ljubljana |page=61}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Jakič |first1=Ivan |title=Vsi slovenski gradovi: leksikon slovenske grajske zapuščine |date=1997 |publisher=DZS |location=Ljubljana |page=88}}</ref> has been renovated and now houses the Božidar Jakac Gallery, an [[art gallery]] with a sculpture park and a permanent exhibition of works by [[Božidar Jakac]]. It is dominated by the [[Gothic architecture|Early Gothic]] abbey church built in 1234.<ref>[http://rkd.situla.org/ Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage] reference number 265</ref>

⚫
The town's parish church is dedicated to [[James, son of Zebedee|Saint James]] and belongs to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Novo Mesto]]. It is an originally 13th century [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] building that was largely rebuilt in the [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] style in the 17th century.<ref>[http://rkd.situla.org/ Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage] reference numbers 264</ref>


⚫
The town's parish church is dedicated to [[James, son of Zebedee|Saint James]] and belongs to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Novo Mesto]]. It is an originally 13th century [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] building that was largely rebuilt in the [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] style in the 17th century.<ref>[http://rkd.situla.org/ Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage] reference numbers 264</ref> Kostanjevica Cave ({{lang-sl|Kostanjeviška jama}}), a popular tourist destination, is nearby.
[[Kostanjevica Cave]] ({{lang-sl|Kostanjeviška jama}}), a popular tourist destination, is nearby.


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Kostanjevica na Krki}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Kostanjevica na Krki}}
* [http://www.kostanjevica.si/ Kostanjevica municipal website]
* [https://www.geopedia.world/#T12_L362_F2473:3499_x1716588.2251842418_y5755587.437991682_s15_b2345 Kostanjevica na Krki on Geopedia]
* [http://www.geopedia.si/Geopedia_en.html?params=L5567_F10104637_T105_vF_b4_x533023.3125_y77978.9295_s15 Kostanjevica na Krki on Geopedia]


{{Kostanjevica na Krki}}
{{Kostanjevica na Krki}}


{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kostanjevica Na Krki}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kostanjevica Na Krki}}
[[Category:Populated places in the Municipality of Kostanjevica na Krki]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Municipality of Kostanjevica na Krki]]

Latest revision as of 17:36, 21 June 2024

For the monastery in Nova Gorica, see Kostanjevica Monastery.
Kostanjevica na Krki
Town
From top, left to right: Kostanjevica from afar, Oražen House and St. Nicholas' Church, Monastery Gate, Bridge over Krka river, Monastery Courtyard, Kostanjevica Monastery
Official seal of Kostanjevica na Krki
Seal
Kostanjevica na Krki is located in Slovenia
Kostanjevica na Krki
Kostanjevica na Krki
Location in Slovenia
Coordinates: 45°50′46.77″N 15°25′29.53″E / 45.8463250°N 15.4248694°E / 45.8463250; 15.4248694
Land Slowenien
Traditional regionLower Carniola
Statistical regionLower Sava
MunicipalityKostanjevica na Krki
Area
 • Total2.4 km2 (0.9 sq mi)
Elevation
150.4 m (493.4 ft)
Population
 (2012)
 • Total703
[1]

Kostanjevica na Krki (pronounced [kɔˈstaːnjɛʋitsa na ˈkəɾki] ⓘ; also Kostanjevica ob Krki, German: Landstraß[2]) is a small town in the historic Lower Carniola region of southern Slowenien. It is the seat of the Municipality of Kostanjevica na Krki. Today it is part of the Lower Sava Statistical Region.[3] It is located in the northern foothills of the Gorjanci Hills near the border with Kroatien. The center of the settlement is on an island in the Krka River, and it is also promoted as the "Venice of Lower Carniola" in Slovenian (Slovene: Dolenjske Benetke).

Name

[edit]

The name of the settlement was changed from Kostanjevica to Kostanjevica na Krki in 1955.[4] In the past the German name was Landstraß.[2]

History

[edit]

The town is protected as a cultural and historical monument.[5] Kostanjevica is the oldest city of the region. In the early 13th century, the Carinthian duke Bernhard von Spanheim established the Fons Sanctae Mariae Cistercian Abbey on the southern frontier of the March of Carniola, which he claimed against the resistance of the Patriarchs of Aquileia and the Dukes of Merania.

Kostanjevica Abbey

The monastery, a filial of Viktring Abbey near Klagenfurt, was enlarged in a Baroque style in the early 18th century. It was nevertheless finally disbanded in 1785 by the Habsburg emperor Joseph II.

The settlement of Kostanjevica was first mentioned as a town in 1210 and received market rights in 1249. During the Late Middle Ages it was an important commercial centre in the Duchy of Carniola held by the Habsburg archdukes of Österreich. After several devastations by Ottoman military raids in the 15th and 16th centuries, it lost its importance. After the 17th century, it turned into a mostly rural settlement, which however retained its town status. In 2000, it was recognised by the National Assembly as a city.[6]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1948395—    
1953503+27.3%
1961548+8.9%
1971559+2.0%
1981680+21.6%
1991751+10.4%
2002701−6.7%
2011695−0.9%
2021702+1.0%
Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.

Mass grave

[edit]
Krakovo Forest 2 Mass Grave

Kostanjevica na Krki is the location of one of two known mass graves associated with the Second World War in the Krakovo Forest. The sites consist of 10 large mounds and contain the remains of an undetermined number of Croatian prisoners of war, civilians, and possibly German soldiers as well. The Krakovo Forest 2 Mass Grave (Grobišče Krakovski gozd 2) lies about 800 meters (2,600 ft) northeast of the north bridge across the Krka River in Kostanjevica na Krki and about 200 meters (660 ft) from the bridge across Sajevec Creek. The site is marked by a large mound with a cross next to it.[7] The grave site was created simultaneously with the Krakovo Forest 1 Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče Krakovski gozd 1) in neighboring Sajevce.[8] The two sites were created around May 15, 1945, when Partisan forces captured about 4,000 Croatian soldiers and civilians at Dobruška Vas fleeing toward Austria. They were held on the left bank of the Krka River and killed in the forest over the course of a few days; eyewitnesses stated that the victims included children, women, and elderly persons.[9]

Sights

[edit]
Bridge over the Krka River

A former monastic complex, which was burned by the Partisans in World War II,[10][11] has been renovated and now houses the Božidar Jakac Gallery, an art gallery with a sculpture park and a permanent exhibition of works by Božidar Jakac. It is dominated by the Early Gothic abbey church built in 1234.[12]

The town's parish church is dedicated to Saint James and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Novo Mesto. It is an originally 13th century Romanesque building that was largely rebuilt in the Baroque style in the 17th century.[13] Kostanjevica Cave (Slovene: Kostanjeviška jama), a popular tourist destination, is nearby.

Notable people

[edit]

Notable people that were born or lived in Kostanjevica na Krki include:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia
  2. ^ a b Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 68.
  3. ^ Kostanjevica na Krki municipal site
  4. ^ Spremembe naselij 1948–95. 1996. Database. Ljubljana: Geografski inštitut ZRC SAZU, DZS.
  5. ^ "Odlok o razglasitvi mesta Kostanjevice na Krki za kulturni in zgodovinski spomenik (Krško)" [Order proclaiming the city of Kostanjevica na Krki as a cultural and historical monument (Krško)]. Official Gazette (in Slovenian). Municipality of Krško. 1997.
  6. ^ Žagar, Katarina (October 2007). Lokalna samouprava: organizacija in funkcija [Local Self-Government: Organisation and Function] (PDF) (in Slovenian) (5th ed.). Administration Academy, Ministry of Public Administration. p. 28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-26.
  7. ^ Ferenc, Mitja (December 2009). "Grobišče Krakovski gozd 2". Geopedia (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Služba za vojna grobišča, Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
  8. ^ Ferenc, Mitja (December 2009). "Grobišče Krakovski gozd 1". Geopedia (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Služba za vojna grobišča, Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
  9. ^ "Poklon zamolčanim žrtvam komunistične revolucije 1945 v Krakovskem gozdu". Posavski obzornik. November 30, 2015. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
  10. ^ Kladnik, Drago (2006). Posavje in Posotelje A–Ž. Ljubljana: Založba ZRC. p. 61.
  11. ^ Jakič, Ivan (1997). Vsi slovenski gradovi: leksikon slovenske grajske zapuščine. Ljubljana: DZS. p. 88.
  12. ^ Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage reference number 265
  13. ^ Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage reference numbers 264
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Savnik, Roman, ed. 1976. Krajevni leksikon Slovenije, vol. 3. Ljubljana: Državna založba Slovenije. p. 145.
[edit]
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