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|nativename=''dialekt południowokresowy''
|nativename=''dialekt południowokresowy''
|pronunciation=
|pronunciation=
|states=[[Lithuania]], [[Belarus]]
|states=[[Ukraine]]
|region=
|region=
|speakers=
|speakers=
|familycolor=[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=[[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]]
|fam2=[[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]]
|fam3=[[Slavic languages|Slavic]]
|fam3=[[Slavic languages|Slavic]]
Line 13: Line 13:
|fam5=[[Lechitic languages|Lechitic]]
|fam5=[[Lechitic languages|Lechitic]]
|fam6=[[Polish language|Polish]]
|fam6=[[Polish language|Polish]]
|fam7=[[Lesser Poland dialect]]
|fam7=[[Lesser Poland dialect|Lesser Polish]]{{Dubious|date=December 2022}}

|script=[[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Polish alphabet]])
|script=[[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Polish alphabet]])
|isoexception=dialect
|isoexception=dialect
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| map = Polszczyzna kresowa.png
| map = Polszczyzna kresowa.png
| mapcaption = Map of borders of the [[Second Polish Republic]] until 1939, and modern state of [[Poland]], including the area of the reach of the Southern Borderlands dialect.
| mapcaption = Map of borders of the [[Second Polish Republic]] until 1939, and modern state of [[Poland]], including the area of the reach of the Southern Borderlands dialect.
}}'''Northern Borderlands dialect'''{{efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''dialekt południowokresowy''}} is a [[Dialects of Polish|dialect]] of [[Polish language]], spoken by the [[Polish minority in Ukraine|Polish minority]] in [[Ukraine]]. It is a branch of the [[Lesser Poland dialect]].<ref name="Kurzowa-kresy">{{cite book | author =Zofia Kurzowa | title =Ze studiów nad polszczyzną kresową | year =2007 | editor =Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński Mirosław | pages =518 | publisher =Universitas | location =Kraków | isbn=978-83-242-0683-4 |language=pl}}</ref><ref name="Kurzowa-Wilno">{{cite book | author =Zofia Kurzowa | title =Język polski Wileńszczyzny i kresów północno-wschodnich | year =2006 | editor =Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński Mirosław | publisher =Universitas | location =Kraków | isbn=83-242-0738-4 |language=pl}}</ref>
}}'''Southern Borderlands dialect'''{{efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''dialekt południowokresowy''}} is a [[Dialects of Polish|dialect]] of the [[Polish language]], spoken by the [[Polish minority in Ukraine|Polish minority]] in [[Ukraine]]. It is considered a branch of the [[Lesser Poland dialect]] by Zofia Kurzowa.<ref name="Kurzowa-kresy">{{cite book | author =Zofia Kurzowa | title =Ze studiów nad polszczyzną kresową | year =2007 | editor =Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński Mirosław | publisher =Universitas | location =Kraków | isbn=978-83-242-0683-4 |language=pl}}</ref><ref name="Kurzowa-Wilno">{{cite book | author =Zofia Kurzowa | title =Język polski Wileńszczyzny i kresów północno-wschodnich | year =2006 | editor =Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński Mirosław | publisher =Universitas | location =Kraków | isbn=83-242-0738-4 |language=pl}}</ref>

== Phonology ==
The main differences in pronunciation lie within the consonant system.
# Standard Polish {{IPA|/w/}}, spelled <ł>, is pronounced {{IPA|/ɫ/}}, and standard {{IPA|/l/}} is palatalized, yielding {{IPA|/lʲ/}}, like in the [[Northern Borderlands dialect]].
# Standard Polish {{IPA|/x/}}, spelled <ch>, may be palatalized, yielding {{IPA|/xʲ/}}
# The Southern Borderlands dialect differentiates {{IPA|/ɦ/}} and {{IPA|/x/}}, spelled respectively in Polish as <h> and <ch>
# The standard Polish [[palatal]] [[sibilant]]s and [[affricate]]s, {{IPA|/ɕ/}}, {{IPA|/ʑ/}}, {{IPA|/t͡ɕ/}}, and {{IPA|/d͡ʑ/}} (spelled ,<ś>, <ź>, <ć>, and <dź> respectively) are pronounced {{IPA|/sʲ/}}, {{IPA|/zʲ/}}, {{IPA|/tʲ/}}, and {{IPA|/dʲ/}}.
Some speakers speak with an accent according to the pronunciation of Ukrainian cognates.

The phoneme charts are as follows:

{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Oral vowels
!
! [[Front vowel|Front]]
! [[Central vowel|Central]]
! [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPA link|i}}
| {{IPA link|ɨ}}
| {{IPA link|u}}
|-
! [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| {{IPA link|ɛ}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɔ}}

|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| {{IPA link|a}}
|
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Nasal vowels
!
! [[Front vowel|Front]]
! [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| {{IPA link|ɛ̃}}
| {{IPA link|ɔ̃}}
|}
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br/>[[Alveolar consonant|alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br/>alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" | ([[Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveolo-]])<br/>[[Palatal consonant|palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! {{small|plain}}
! {{small|[[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]]}}
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPA link|m}}
| {{IPA link|n̪|n}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɲ}}
| {{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Plosive]]
! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| {{IPA link|p}}
| {{IPA link|t̪|t}}, {{IPA link|tʲ}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|k}}
| {{IPAlink|k̟|kʲ}}
| rowspan="2" |
|-
! {{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| {{IPA link|b}}
| {{IPA link|d̪|d}}, {{IPA link|dʲ}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|ɡ}}
| {{IPAlink|ɡ˖|ɡʲ}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
|
| {{IPA link|t͡s}}
| {{IPA link|t͡ʂ}}
|
|
|
| rowspan="2" |
|-
! {{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
| {{IPA link|d͡z}}
| {{IPA link|d͡ʐ}}
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| {{IPA link|f}}
| {{IPA link|s̪|s}}, {{IPA link|sʲ}}
| {{IPA link|ʂ}}
|
| {{IPA link|x}}
| {{IPA link|x̟|xʲ}}
| {{IPA link|ɦ|ɦ}}
|-
! {{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| {{IPA link|v}}
| {{IPA link|z̪|z}}, {{IPA link|zʲ}}
| {{IPA link|ʐ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]/[[Trill consonant|trill]]
|
| {{IPA link|r}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
| {{IPA link|lʲ}}, {{IPA link|ɫ}}
|
| {{IPA link|j}}
|
|
|
|}


== Citations ==
== Citations ==
Line 28: Line 173:
=== References ===
=== References ===
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Polish dialects]][[Category:Languages of Ukraine]]
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |url= http://www.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl/index.php?l1=leksykon&lid=623|title=Kresowe odmiany polszczyzny|last= Karaś|first= Halina |year=2010 |website=Dialekty i gwary polskie |language=pl |trans-title=Borderlands variants of Polish |isbn=978-83-62844-10-4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323192518/http://www.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl/index.php?l1=leksykon&lid=623 |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |url-status=live}}
{{Languages of Ukraine}}
[[Category:Polish dialects]]
[[Category:Languages of Ukraine]]

Latest revision as of 17:41, 22 June 2024

Southern Borderlands dialect
dialekt południowokresowy
Native toUkraine
Latin (Polish alphabet)
Language codes
ISO 639-3-
GlottologNone
Map of borders of the Second Polish Republic until 1939, and modern state of Poland, including the area of the reach of the Southern Borderlands dialect.

Southern Borderlands dialect[a] is a dialect of the Polish language, spoken by the Polish minority in Ukraine. It is considered a branch of the Lesser Poland dialect by Zofia Kurzowa.[1][2]

Phonology

[edit]

The main differences in pronunciation lie within the consonant system.

  1. Standard Polish /w/, spelled <ł>, is pronounced /ɫ/, and standard /l/ is palatalized, yielding /lʲ/, like in the Northern Borderlands dialect.
  2. Standard Polish /x/, spelled <ch>, may be palatalized, yielding /xʲ/
  3. The Southern Borderlands dialect differentiates /ɦ/ and /x/, spelled respectively in Polish as <h> and <ch>
  4. The standard Polish palatal sibilants and affricates, /ɕ/, /ʑ/, /t͡ɕ/, and /d͡ʑ/ (spelled ,<ś>, <ź>, <ć>, and <dź> respectively) are pronounced /sʲ/, /zʲ/, /tʲ/, and /dʲ/.

Some speakers speak with an accent according to the pronunciation of Ukrainian cognates.

The phoneme charts are as follows:

Oral vowels
Front Central Zurück
Schließen Sie i ɨ u
Mid ɛ ɔ
Öffnen Sie a
Nasal vowels
Front Zurück
Mid ɛ̃ ɔ̃
Labial Dental/
alveolar 		Post-
alveolar 		(Alveolo-)
palatal 		Velar Glottal
plain palatalized
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive voiceless p t, tʲ k kʲ
voiced b d, dʲ ɡ ɡʲ
Affricate voiceless t͡s t͡ʂ
voiced d͡z d͡ʐ
Fricative voiceless f s, sʲ ʂ x xʲ ɦ
voiced v z, zʲ ʐ
Tap/trill r
Approximant lʲ, ɫ j

Citations

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Polish: dialekt południowokresowy

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Zofia Kurzowa (2007). Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński Mirosław (ed.). Ze studiów nad polszczyzną kresową (in Polish). Kraków: Universitas. ISBN 978-83-242-0683-4.
  2. ^ Zofia Kurzowa (2006). Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński Mirosław (ed.). Język polski Wileńszczyzny i kresów północno-wschodnich (in Polish). Kraków: Universitas. ISBN 83-242-0738-4.

Bibliography

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Borderlands_dialect&oldid=1230433183"