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|nativename=''dialekt południowokresowy'' |
|nativename=''dialekt południowokresowy'' |
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|pronunciation= |
|pronunciation= |
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|states=[[ |
|states=[[Ukraine]] |
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|region= |
|region= |
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|speakers= |
|speakers= |
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|familycolor= |
|familycolor=Indo-European |
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|fam2=[[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]] |
|fam2=[[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]] |
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|fam3=[[Slavic languages|Slavic]] |
|fam3=[[Slavic languages|Slavic]] |
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|fam5=[[Lechitic languages|Lechitic]] |
|fam5=[[Lechitic languages|Lechitic]] |
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|fam6=[[Polish language|Polish]] |
|fam6=[[Polish language|Polish]] |
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|fam7=[[Lesser Poland dialect]] |
|fam7=[[Lesser Poland dialect|Lesser Polish]]{{Dubious|date=December 2022}} |
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|script=[[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Polish alphabet]]) |
|script=[[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Polish alphabet]]) |
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|isoexception=dialect |
|isoexception=dialect |
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| map = Polszczyzna kresowa.png |
| map = Polszczyzna kresowa.png |
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| mapcaption = Map of borders of the [[Second Polish Republic]] until 1939, and modern state of [[Poland]], including the area of the reach of the Southern Borderlands dialect. |
| mapcaption = Map of borders of the [[Second Polish Republic]] until 1939, and modern state of [[Poland]], including the area of the reach of the Southern Borderlands dialect. |
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}}''' |
}}'''Southern Borderlands dialect'''{{efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''dialekt południowokresowy''}} is a [[Dialects of Polish|dialect]] of the [[Polish language]], spoken by the [[Polish minority in Ukraine|Polish minority]] in [[Ukraine]]. It is considered a branch of the [[Lesser Poland dialect]] by Zofia Kurzowa.<ref name="Kurzowa-kresy">{{cite book | author =Zofia Kurzowa | title =Ze studiów nad polszczyzną kresową | year =2007 | editor =Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński Mirosław | publisher =Universitas | location =Kraków | isbn=978-83-242-0683-4 |language=pl}}</ref><ref name="Kurzowa-Wilno">{{cite book | author =Zofia Kurzowa | title =Język polski Wileńszczyzny i kresów północno-wschodnich | year =2006 | editor =Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński Mirosław | publisher =Universitas | location =Kraków | isbn=83-242-0738-4 |language=pl}}</ref> |
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== Phonology == |
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The main differences in pronunciation lie within the consonant system. |
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# Standard Polish {{IPA|/w/}}, spelled <ł>, is pronounced {{IPA|/ɫ/}}, and standard {{IPA|/l/}} is palatalized, yielding {{IPA|/lʲ/}}, like in the [[Northern Borderlands dialect]]. |
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# Standard Polish {{IPA|/x/}}, spelled <ch>, may be palatalized, yielding {{IPA|/xʲ/}} |
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# The Southern Borderlands dialect differentiates {{IPA|/ɦ/}} and {{IPA|/x/}}, spelled respectively in Polish as <h> and <ch> |
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# The standard Polish [[palatal]] [[sibilant]]s and [[affricate]]s, {{IPA|/ɕ/}}, {{IPA|/ʑ/}}, {{IPA|/t͡ɕ/}}, and {{IPA|/d͡ʑ/}} (spelled ,<ś>, <ź>, <ć>, and <dź> respectively) are pronounced {{IPA|/sʲ/}}, {{IPA|/zʲ/}}, {{IPA|/tʲ/}}, and {{IPA|/dʲ/}}. |
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Some speakers speak with an accent according to the pronunciation of Ukrainian cognates. |
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The phoneme charts are as follows: |
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{| |
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|- style="vertical-align: top;" |
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| |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |
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|+ Oral vowels |
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! |
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! [[Front vowel|Front]] |
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! [[Central vowel|Central]] |
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! [[Back vowel|Back]] |
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|- |
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! [[Close vowel|Close]] |
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| {{IPA link|i}} |
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| {{IPA link|ɨ}} |
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| {{IPA link|u}} |
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|- |
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! [[Mid vowel|Mid]] |
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| {{IPA link|ɛ}} |
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| |
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| {{IPA link|ɔ}} |
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|- |
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! [[Open vowel|Open]] |
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| |
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| {{IPA link|a}} |
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| |
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|} |
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| valign="top" | |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |
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|+ Nasal vowels |
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! |
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! [[Front vowel|Front]] |
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! [[Back vowel|Back]] |
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|- |
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! [[Mid vowel|Mid]] |
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| {{IPA link|ɛ̃}} |
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| {{IPA link|ɔ̃}} |
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|} |
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|} |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |
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! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | |
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! rowspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|Labial]] |
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! rowspan="2" | [[Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br/>[[Alveolar consonant|alveolar]] |
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! rowspan="2" | [[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br/>alveolar]] |
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! rowspan="2" | ([[Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveolo-]])<br/>[[Palatal consonant|palatal]] |
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! colspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]] |
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! rowspan="2" | [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |
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|- |
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! {{small|plain}} |
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! {{small|[[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]]}} |
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|- |
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! colspan="2" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] |
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| {{IPA link|m}} |
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| {{IPA link|n̪|n}} |
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| |
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| {{IPA link|ɲ}} |
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| {{IPA link|ŋ}} |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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! rowspan="2" | [[Plosive]] |
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! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}} |
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| {{IPA link|p}} |
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| {{IPA link|t̪|t}}, {{IPA link|tʲ}} |
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| |
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| |
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| {{IPA link|k}} |
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| {{IPAlink|k̟|kʲ}} |
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| rowspan="2" | |
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|- |
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! {{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}} |
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| {{IPA link|b}} |
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| {{IPA link|d̪|d}}, {{IPA link|dʲ}} |
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| |
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| |
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| {{IPA link|ɡ}} |
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| {{IPAlink|ɡ˖|ɡʲ}} |
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|- |
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! rowspan="2" | [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]] |
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! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}} |
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| |
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| {{IPA link|t͡s}} |
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| {{IPA link|t͡ʂ}} |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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| rowspan="2" | |
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|- |
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! {{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}} |
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| |
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| {{IPA link|d͡z}} |
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| {{IPA link|d͡ʐ}} |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]] |
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! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}} |
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| {{IPA link|f}} |
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| {{IPA link|s̪|s}}, {{IPA link|sʲ}} |
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| {{IPA link|ʂ}} |
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| |
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| {{IPA link|x}} |
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| {{IPA link|x̟|xʲ}} |
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| {{IPA link|ɦ|ɦ}} |
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|- |
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! {{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}} |
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| {{IPA link|v}} |
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| {{IPA link|z̪|z}}, {{IPA link|zʲ}} |
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| {{IPA link|ʐ}} |
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| |
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| |
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| |
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|- |
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! colspan="2" |[[Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]/[[Trill consonant|trill]] |
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| |
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| {{IPA link|r}} |
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|- |
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! colspan="2" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]] |
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| |
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| {{IPA link|lʲ}}, {{IPA link|ɫ}} |
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| {{IPA link|j}} |
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|} |
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== Citations == |
== Citations == |
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=== References === |
=== References === |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Polish dialects]][[Category:Languages of Ukraine]] |
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==Bibliography== |
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* {{cite book |url= http://www.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl/index.php?l1=leksykon&lid=623|title=Kresowe odmiany polszczyzny|last= Karaś|first= Halina |year=2010 |website=Dialekty i gwary polskie |language=pl |trans-title=Borderlands variants of Polish |isbn=978-83-62844-10-4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323192518/http://www.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl/index.php?l1=leksykon&lid=623 |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |url-status=live}} |
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{{Languages of Ukraine}} |
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[[Category:Polish dialects]] |
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[[Category:Languages of Ukraine]] |
Latest revision as of 17:41, 22 June 2024
Southern Borderlands dialect | |
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dialekt południowokresowy | |
Native to | Ukraine |
Indo-European
| |
Latin (Polish alphabet) | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | - |
Glottolog | None |
![]() Map of borders of the Second Polish Republic until 1939, and modern state of Poland, including the area of the reach of the Southern Borderlands dialect. |
Southern Borderlands dialect[a] is a dialect of the Polish language, spoken by the Polish minority in Ukraine. It is considered a branch of the Lesser Poland dialect by Zofia Kurzowa.[1][2]
Phonology
[edit]The main differences in pronunciation lie within the consonant system.
- Standard Polish /w/, spelled <ł>, is pronounced /ɫ/, and standard /l/ is palatalized, yielding /lʲ/, like in the Northern Borderlands dialect.
- Standard Polish /x/, spelled <ch>, may be palatalized, yielding /xʲ/
- The Southern Borderlands dialect differentiates /ɦ/ and /x/, spelled respectively in Polish as <h> and <ch>
- The standard Polish palatal sibilants and affricates, /ɕ/, /ʑ/, /t͡ɕ/, and /d͡ʑ/ (spelled ,<ś>, <ź>, <ć>, and <dź> respectively) are pronounced /sʲ/, /zʲ/, /tʲ/, and /dʲ/.
Some speakers speak with an accent according to the pronunciation of Ukrainian cognates.
The phoneme charts are as follows:
|
|
Labial | Dental/ alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
(Alveolo-) palatal |
Velar | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | palatalized | |||||||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t, tʲ | k | kʲ | |||
voiced | b | d, dʲ | ɡ | ɡʲ | ||||
Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʂ | |||||
voiced | d͡z | d͡ʐ | ||||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s, sʲ | ʂ | x | xʲ | ɦ | |
voiced | v | z, zʲ | ʐ | |||||
Tap/trill | r | |||||||
Approximant | lʲ, ɫ | j |
Citations
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Zofia Kurzowa (2007). Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński Mirosław (ed.). Ze studiów nad polszczyzną kresową (in Polish). Kraków: Universitas. ISBN 978-83-242-0683-4.
- ^ Zofia Kurzowa (2006). Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński Mirosław (ed.). Język polski Wileńszczyzny i kresów północno-wschodnich (in Polish). Kraków: Universitas. ISBN 83-242-0738-4.
Bibliography
[edit]- Karaś, Halina (2010). Kresowe odmiany polszczyzny [Borderlands variants of Polish] (in Polish). ISBN 978-83-62844-10-4. Archived from the original on March 23, 2023.
{{cite book}}
:|website=
ignored (help)