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| name = Kuehne + Nagel International AG und Co.
| name = Kuehne + Nagel International AG und Co.
| logo = Kühne + Nagel logo.svg
| logo = Kühne + Nagel logo.svg
| image = Kühne + Nagel Building.jpg
| type = [[Holding company]]<br><small>([[Public limited company|Public]])</small>
| type = [[Holding company]]<br><small>([[Public limited company|Public]])</small>
| traded_as = {{SWX|KNIN}}
| traded_as = {{SWX|KNIN}}
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| founder = {{Unbulleted list|[[August Kühne]]|[[Friedrich Nagel]]}}
| founder = {{Unbulleted list|[[August Kühne]]|[[Friedrich Nagel]]}}
| location = [[Schindellegi]] ([[canton of Schwyz]]), Switzerland
| location = [[Schindellegi]] ([[canton of Schwyz]]), Switzerland
| num_locations = 1,300 (2023)
| area_served = Worldwide
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[Klaus-Michael Kühne]] <br><small>(Honorary Chairman)</small><br>[[Jörg Wolle]] <br><small>(Chairman)</small><br>Stefan Paul<br><small>(CEO)</small><br>Markus Blanka-Graff <br><small>(CFO)</small><br>Martin Kolbe <br><small>(CIO)</small><br>Yngve Ruud<br> <small>(EVP Air Logistics)</small><br>Otto Schacht<br> <small>(EVP Sea Logistics)</small><br>Hansjörg Rodi<br> <small>(EVP Road Logistics and Sales)</small><br>Lothar A. Harings <br><small>(HR)</small><br>Gianfranco Sgro <br><small>(EVP Contract Logistics)</small>
| key_people = [[Klaus-Michael Kühne]] <br><small>(Honorary Chairman)</small><br>[[Jörg Wolle]] <br><small>(Chairman)</small><br>Stefan Paul<br><small>(CEO)</small><br>Markus Blanka-Graff <br><small>(CFO)</small><br>Sarah Kreienbühl<br><small>(CHRO)</small><br>Marc Pfeffer<br><small>(CLO)</small><br>Martin Kolbe <br><small>(CIO)</small><br>Yngve Ruud<br><small>(EVP Air Logistics)</small><br>Michael Aldwell<br> <small>(EVP Sea Logistics)</small><br>Hansjörg Rodi<br> <small>(EVP Road Logistics)</small><br>Gianfranco Sgro <br><small>(EVP Contract Logistics)</small>
| products = Sea Logistics<br>Air Logistics<br>Road Logistics<br>Contract Logistics
| products =
| services = Transportation and Fulfillment<br>Warehousing and Distribution <br>Project Logistics<br>Customs Clearance<br>Insurance<br>E-commerce<br>Supply Chain Management 4PL<br>Supply Chain Consulting <br>
| revenue = {{profit}}[[Swiss franc|CHF]] 18.59 billion (2017)<ref name=KN-C-H-13/>
| revenue = {{profit}}[[Swiss franc|CHF]] 18.59 billion (2017)<ref name=KN-C-H-13/>
| net_income = {{increase}}CHF 740 million (2017)<ref name=KN-C-H-14/>
| net_income = {{increase}}CHF 740 million (2017)<ref name=KN-C-H-14/>
| num_employees = 78,000 (2022)
| num_employees = 79,000 (2023)
| website = [https://home.kuehne-nagel.com/ kuehne-nagel.com]
| website = [https://home.kuehne-nagel.com/ kuehne-nagel.com]
}}
}}


'''Kuehne + Nagel International AG''' (or '''Kühne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel''') is a global transport and [[logistics]] company based in [[Schindellegi]], [[Switzerland]].<ref name="KN-C-H-01" /> Its main owner and operator is [[Klaus-Michael Kühne]] via his ''Kühne Holding'' and ''Kühne Foundation''.
⚫
'''Kuehne + Nagel International AG''' (or '''Kühne + Nagel''') is a global transport and [[logistics]] company based in [[Schindellegi]], Switzerland.<ref name=KN-C-H-01/> It was founded in 1890, in [[Bremen]], Germany, by August Kühne and Friedrich Nagel.<ref name=KN-C-H-02/> It provides sea freight and [[Freight forwarder|airfreight forwarding]], contract logistics, and overland businesses. In 2010, Kuehne + Nagel was the leading global freight forwarder, accounting for nearly 15% of the world's air and sea freight business by revenue, ahead of [[DHL Global Forwarding]], [[DB Schenker|DB Schenker Logistics]], and [[Panalpina]].<ref name=KN-C-H-09/> As of 2022, it has nearly 1,300 offices in 106 countries, with over 78,000 employees.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Kuehne+Nagel |url=https://home.kuehne-nagel.com/company/about |access-date=2022-06-01 |website=Kuehne + Nagel |language=en-US}}</ref>

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The company was founded in 1890 in [[Bremen]], Germany.<ref name="KN-C-H-02" /> It provides sea freight and [[Freight forwarder|airfreight forwarding]], contract logistics, and overland businesses. As of 2023, it has nearly 1,300 offices in over 100 countries and nearly 79,000 employees.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Kuehne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel |url=https://home.kuehne-nagel.com/company/about |access-date=2022-06-01 |website=Kuehne + Nagel |language=en-US}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
⚫
===Early years and evolution: 1890–1933===
⚫
The origins of Kuehne + Nagel<ref name=KN-C-H-07/> was in 1890, when [[August Kühne]] and [[Friedrich Nagel]] founded a forwarding commission agency in Bremen, Germany. It was initially used to concentrate on cotton and consolidated freight. Later in 1902, it expanded its operations to [[Hamburg]].<ref name=KN-C-H-01/>

⚫
In 1907, the co-founder Friedrich Nagel died, and August Kühne took over his shares in the company. The legacy of Nagel still lives on, in the company's name – Kuehne + Nagel (KN). [[World War I]] greatly affected its businesses.


⚫
Upon Kühne's death in 1932, his sons – Alfred and Werner – became partners in the firm. [[:de:Adolf Maass|Adolf Maass]] (1875 – probably early in 1945 in [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]), who was Jewish, a partner, and one of the firm's shareholder with a 45% stake, was forced out in April 1933. On the 1st of May 1933 Alfred and Werner Kühne joined the [[Nazi Party]],<ref>Hamburg State Archives ''Signatur 371-8 II_SXXI A15 a 133''</ref> and under the brothers' management the firm played a prominent role in the transport of property seized from Jews in occupied territories.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndr.de/kultur/geschichte/chronologie/Kuehne-Nagel-Firmenjubilaeum-mit-dunklen-Flecken,kuehnenagel108.html |title=Kühne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel: Jubiläum mit dunklen Flecken &#124; NDR.de - Kultur - Geschichte - Chronologie |website=NDR.de |date=2015-06-30 |access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article142725842/Kuehne-Nagels-Rolle-bei-der-Auspluenderung-der-Juden.html |title=Kühne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagels Rolle bei der Ausplünderung der Juden - DIE WELT |newspaper=Die Welt |date=1970-01-01 |access-date=2016-07-20|last1=Müller |first1=Leo }}</ref>
⚫
===Early years and evolution: 1890 - 1950s===
⚫
The origins of '''Kuehne + Nagel'''<ref name=KN-C-H-07/> was in 1890, when [[August Kühne]] and [[Friedrich Nagel]] founded a forwarding commission agency in [[Bremen]], Germany. It initially used to concentrate on cotton and consolidated freight. Later in 1902, it expanded its operations to the German seaport city of [[Hamburg]].<ref name=KN-C-H-01/>


=== Involvement in Nazi theft of Jewish property ===
⚫
In 1907, the co-founder Friedrich Nagel died, and August Kühne took over his shares in the company. The legacy of Nagel still lives on, in the company's name - Kuehne + Nagel (KN). The First World War greatly affected its businesses.
Kuehne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel played a key role in the Nazi regime's “[[M-Aktion]]”. In total, by August 1944, the responsible Nazi agency had had the furnishings of around 65,000 apartments in the [[Netherlands]], [[Belgium]], [[France]] and [[Luxembourg]] removed. This required 500 barges and 674 trains. Kuehne + Nagel played a key role in the implementation of the transport logistics. The company was active directly and with the help of subcontractors in all [[German-occupied Europe|occupied Western countries]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=deutschlandfunk.de |title=NS-Geschichte von Kühne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel - Unaufgearbeitete Vergangenheit |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/ns-geschichte-von-kuehne-nagel-unaufgearbeitete-100.html |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Deutschlandfunk |language=de}}</ref>


The transports from the Netherlands are the most extensively researched. For example, K + N chartered its own steamer to transport looted Jewish property to the [[German Reich]]. The first cargo ship from [[Amsterdam]] arrived Bremen in December 1942. The parts list shows 220 armchairs, 105 beds, 363 tables, 598 chairs, 126 cupboards, 35 sofas, 307 boxes of glassware, 110 mirrors, 158 lamps, 32 clocks, a gramophone and two strollers. These were the property of [[History of the Jews in the Netherlands|Dutch Jews]] who had been deported to concentration camps in the summer of 1941.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-25 |title=Kühne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagels Rolle bei der Ausplünderung der Juden - WELT |url=https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article142725842/Kuehne-Nagels-Rolle-bei-der-Auspluenderung-der-Juden.html |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=DIE WELT |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kahlcke |first=Jan |date=2023-09-10 |title="Arisierungs"-Profiteur Kühne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel: Gedenken unterm Firmensitz |url=https://taz.de/!5956480/ |access-date=2024-02-16 |work=Die Tageszeitung: taz |language=de |issn=0931-9085}}</ref>
⚫
Upon Kühne's death in 1932, his sons - Alfred and Werner - became partners in the firm. [[:de:Adolf Maass|Adolf Maass]] (1875 - probably early in 1945 in [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]), who was Jewish, a partner, and one of the firm's shareholder with a 45% stake, was forced out in April 1933. On the 1st of May 1933 Alfred and Werner Kühne joined the [[Nazi Party]],<ref>Hamburg State Archives ''Signatur 371-8 II_SXXI A15 a 133''</ref> and under the brothers' management the firm played a prominent role in the transport of property seized from Jews in occupied territories.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndr.de/kultur/geschichte/chronologie/Kuehne-Nagel-Firmenjubilaeum-mit-dunklen-Flecken,kuehnenagel108.html |title=Kühne + Nagel: Jubiläum mit dunklen Flecken &#124; NDR.de - Kultur - Geschichte - Chronologie |website=NDR.de |date=2015-06-30 |access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article142725842/Kuehne-Nagels-Rolle-bei-der-Auspluenderung-der-Juden.html |title=Kühne + Nagels Rolle bei der Ausplünderung der Juden - DIE WELT |newspaper=Die Welt |date=1970-01-01 |access-date=2016-07-20|last1=Müller |first1=Leo }}</ref>


===Transition to a Swiss holding co., and expansion: 1950s - 1990s===
===Transition to a Swiss holding co., and expansion: 1950s – 1990s===
In the early 1950s, [[Alfred Kühne]] initiated the company's international expansion; and KN expanded its operations into Canada, with the opening of branch offices in [[Toronto]], Ontario and [[Montreal]], Quebec. In 1963, KN took a controlling stake in Athens based Proodos S.A, and also expanded into Italy. In 1975, the company adopted a holding company structure, with the formation of Kuehne + Nagel International AG based in Schindellegi, Switzerland, as the ultimate holding company.
In the early 1950s, [[Alfred Kühne]] initiated the company's [[Internationalization|international expansion]]; and KN expanded its operations into [[Canada]], with the opening of branch offices in [[Toronto]], Ontario and [[Montreal]], Quebec. In 1963, KN took a controlling stake in Athens based Proodos S.A, and also expanded into [[Italy]]. In 1975, the company adopted a holding company structure, with the formation of Kuehne + Nagel International AG based in Schindellegi, Switzerland, as the ultimate [[holding company]].


In the mid-1960s, a third-generation member of the Kühne family, [[Klaus-Michael Kühne]] joined his father Alfred Kühne as a junior partner, having completed an [[apprenticeship]] in [[banking]]. In 1966, at the age of 30, he joined the management team as executive chairman; and spearheaded KN's future expansion, particularly its European and the [[Far East]]ern operations.
In the mid-1960s, a third-generation member of the Kühne family, [[Klaus-Michael Kühne]] joined his father Alfred Kühne as a junior partner, having completed an [[apprenticeship]] in [[banking]]. In 1966, at the age of 30, he joined the management team as executive chairman; and spearheaded KN's future expansion, particularly its European and the [[Far East]]ern operations.


In 1981, Alfred Kühne died; and in July the same year, due to the losses sustained by the Kühne family in attempting to expand its [[shipping]] fleet, a 50% stake in KN was sold to the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] [[Lonrho Plc]] for 90 million DM. Following the purchase, Klaus-Michael Kühne and Lonrho's head, [[Tiny Rowland|Roland "Tiny" Rowland]] acted as joint chief executives of the combined organisation. KN further expanded with its acquisition of freight companies: Domenichelli SpA (Italy), Van Vliet BV ([[Netherlands]]), Hollis Transport Group Ltd. (UK), Transportes Tres (Spain), and other acquisitions in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
In 1981, Alfred Kühne died; and in July the same year, due to the losses sustained by the Kühne family in attempting to expand its [[shipping]] fleet, a 50% stake in KN was sold to the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] [[Lonrho Plc]] for 90 million DM. Following the purchase, Klaus-Michael Kühne and Lonrho's head, [[Tiny Rowland|Roland "Tiny" Rowland]] acted as joint chief executives of the combined organisation. KN further expanded with its acquisition of freight companies: Domenichelli SpA (Italy), Van Vliet BV ([[Netherlands]]), Hollis Transport Group Ltd. (UK), Transportes Tres (Spain), and other acquisitions in [[Denmark]], [[Norway]], and [[Sweden]].


===Further expansion: 1990s - present===
===Further expansion: 1990s – 2000===
The [[German reunification|1990 German reunification]] was an important event for many German companies, including KN; and provided them the necessary impetus to expand further. After the reunification, KN integrated its network in the former [[German Democratic Republic]], and consolidated its operations. In 1992, it bought back Lonrho plc's 50% stake in the company; and went public in May 1994. It was listed on the [[SIX Swiss Exchange|Zurich]] and [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange|Frankfurt]] exchanges, which provided a platform for further exchange-based acquisitions. The same year, KN established a Russian subsidiary; and pushed ahead into Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.<ref name=KN-C-H-03/>
The [[German reunification|1990 German reunification]] was an important event for many German companies, including KN; and provided them the necessary impetus to expand further. After the reunification, KN integrated its network in the former [[German Democratic Republic]], and consolidated its operations. In 1992, it bought back Lonrho plc's 50% stake in the company; and went public in May 1994. It was listed on the [[SIX Swiss Exchange|Zurich]] and [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange|Frankfurt]] exchanges, which provided a platform for further exchange-based acquisitions. The same year, KN established a [[Russia]]n [[subsidiary]]; and pushed ahead into Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.<ref name=KN-C-H-03/>


In the mid 1990s, strategic focus given to expand the lucrative logistics-related contracts / operations paid off - one being with [[E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company|DuPont]] in which KN would operate the chemical giant's leveraged distribution activities in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. In July 1999, Kühne handed over the post of CEO to Klaus Herms, and continued as the executive chairman and president of the board.
In the mid 1990s, strategic focus given to expand the lucrative logistics-related contracts / operations paid off – one being with [[E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company|DuPont]] in which KN would operate the chemical giant's leveraged distribution activities in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. In July 1999, Kühne handed over the post of CEO to Klaus Herms, and continued as the executive chairman and president of the board.


=== 2000 to present ===
In the early 2000s, KN got a foothold in the [[Asia Pacific]] contract logistics market, when it forged a [[strategic alliance]] with [[Singapore]]-based [[SembCorp Logistics]]. In 2001, it acquired USCO Logistics Inc. - a warehouse-based logistics service provider based in Hamden, Connecticut, for US$300 million. KN and SembCorp chose to follow different strategic paths in 2004, and ended their strategic partnership.<ref name=KN-C-H-06/>
In the early 2000s, KN got a foothold in the [[Asia Pacific]] contract logistics market, when it forged a [[strategic alliance]] with [[Singapore]]-based [[SembCorp Logistics]]. In 2001, it acquired USCO Logistics Inc. – a warehouse-based logistics service provider based in [[Hamden, Connecticut]], for US$300 million. KN and SembCorp chose to follow different strategic paths in 2004, and ended their strategic partnership.<ref name=KN-C-H-06/>


In October 2007, the board of KN appointed Reinhard Lange as the successor to CEO Klaus Herms, effective June 2009 to ensure a smooth [[handover]]. The succession plan was similar to the [[Léo Apotheker#Career|SAP's 2007 CEO transition plan]] from [[Henning Kagermann]] to [[Léo Apotheker]], which received praise in the media.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/people/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12850403 |publisher=The Economist |title=The Other Transition |access-date=2010-09-30 |date=2009-01-03 |volume=390 |issue=8612 |page=49}}</ref>
In October 2007, the board of KN appointed Reinhard Lange as the successor to CEO Klaus Herms, effective June 2009 to ensure a smooth [[handover]]. The succession plan was similar to the [[Léo Apotheker#Career|SAP's 2007 CEO transition plan]] from [[Henning Kagermann]] to [[Léo Apotheker]], which received praise in the media.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/people/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12850403 |publisher=The Economist |title=The Other Transition |access-date=2010-09-30 |date=2009-01-03 |volume=390 |issue=8612 |page=49}}</ref>
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In 2012, Kuehne + Nagel acquired the business contracts of Canada's Perishables International Transportation (PIT) to expand into global fresh and frozen foods network.<ref name=KN-C-H-05/>
In 2012, Kuehne + Nagel acquired the business contracts of Canada's Perishables International Transportation (PIT) to expand into global fresh and frozen foods network.<ref name=KN-C-H-05/>


In September 2013, Kuehne + Nagel agreed to merge its railfreight business with VTG to form [[VTG Rail Logistics]], which would be Europe's largest private railfreight business when it starts operations in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/news/europe/single-view/view/kuehne-nagel-and-vtg-agree-rail-logistics-merger.html|access-date=4 October 2013|title=Kuehne + Nagel and VTG agree rail logistics merger|work=[[Railway Gazette International]]}}</ref>
In September 2013, Kuehne + Nagel agreed to merge its railfreight business with VTG to form VTG Rail Logistics, which would be Europe's largest private railfreight business when it starts operations in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/news/europe/single-view/view/kuehne-nagel-and-vtg-agree-rail-logistics-merger.html|access-date=4 October 2013|title=Kuehne + Nagel and VTG agree rail logistics merger|work=[[Railway Gazette International]]}}</ref>


In April 2014, Kuehne + Nagel International was fined $3.1 million for its part in a freight forwarding cartel case brought by the Commerce Commission. Kuehne + Nagel was the last defendant in the seven-year investigation involving six firms, who referred to themselves as the "Gardening Club" and used horticultural code to discuss anti-competitive practices among them. The regulator's investigation uncovered emails that referred to agreed surcharges as "the new price for asparagus for the forthcoming season" or "the price of marrows".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Swiss-firm-fined-31-million-over-cartel/tabid/421/articleID/339323/Default.aspx |title=Swiss firm fined 31 million over cartel &#124; Business &#124; Newshub |website=3news.co.nz |date=2014-04-08 |access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL1404/S00061/gardening-club-freight-cartel-participant-fined-31mln.htm |title='Gardening Club' freight cartel participant fined $3.1mln &#124; Scoop News |website=Scoop.co.nz |date=2014-04-08 |access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/gardening-club-freight-cartel-participant-kuehne-nagel-fined-31-mln-bd-154458 |title='Gardening Club' freight cartel participant, Kuehne + Nagel, fined $3.1m &#124; The National Business Review |website=Nbr.co.nz |date=2014-04-08 |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-date=2016-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819142310/http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/gardening-club-freight-cartel-participant-kuehne-nagel-fined-31-mln-bd-154458 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In April 2014, Kuehne + Nagel International was fined $3.1 million for its part in a freight forwarding [[Cartel|cartel]] case brought by the Commerce Commission. Kuehne + Nagel was the last defendant in the seven-year investigation involving six firms, who referred to themselves as the "Gardening Club" and used horticultural code to discuss anti-competitive practices among them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Swiss-firm-fined-31-million-over-cartel/tabid/421/articleID/339323/Default.aspx |title=Swiss firm fined 31 million over cartel &#124; Business &#124; Newshub |website=3news.co.nz |date=2014-04-08 |access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL1404/S00061/gardening-club-freight-cartel-participant-fined-31mln.htm |title='Gardening Club' freight cartel participant fined $3.1mln &#124; Scoop News |website=Scoop.co.nz |date=2014-04-08 |access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/gardening-club-freight-cartel-participant-kuehne-nagel-fined-31-mln-bd-154458 |title='Gardening Club' freight cartel participant, Kuehne + Nagel, fined $3.1m &#124; The National Business Review |website=Nbr.co.nz |date=2014-04-08 |access-date=2016-07-20 |archive-date=2016-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819142310/http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/gardening-club-freight-cartel-participant-kuehne-nagel-fined-31-mln-bd-154458 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


In June 2020 the [[2021 Rugby League World Cup]] announced that Kuehne + Nagel would become the official Logistics Partner of the tournament, providing logistics services, including requirements for all of the 61 matches across the men’s, women’s and wheelchair tournaments, all 32 participating teams, and the fulfilment of warehousing and storage needs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rlwc2021.com/article/224/kuehne+nagel-to-deliver-rlwc2021-as-official-partner|title = Kuehne+Nagel to deliver RLWC2021 as Official Partner}}</ref>
In June 2020 the [[2021 Rugby League World Cup]] announced that Kuehne + Nagel would become the official Logistics Partner of the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rlwc2021.com/article/224/kuehne+nagel-to-deliver-rlwc2021-as-official-partner|title = Kuehne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel to deliver RLWC2021 as Official Partner}}</ref>


In November 2023 Kuehne + Nagel acquired [[Farrow (customs brokerage)|Farrow]], a customs broker out of Ontario, Canada. Farrow will be fully owned by Kuehne + Nagel in early 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahoney |first=Noi |date=2023-11-29 |title=Canadian freight forwarder Farrow acquired by Kuehne+Nagel |url=https://www.freightwaves.com/news/canadian-freight-forwarder-farrow-acquired-by-kuehnenagel |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=FreightWaves |language=en-US}}</ref>
In November 2023 Kuehne + Nagel acquired [[Farrow (customs brokerage)|Farrow]], a customs broker out of Ontario, Canada. Farrow will be fully owned by Kuehne + Nagel in early 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahoney |first=Noi |date=2023-11-29 |title=Canadian freight forwarder Farrow acquired by Kuehne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel |url=https://www.freightwaves.com/news/canadian-freight-forwarder-farrow-acquired-by-kuehnenagel |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=FreightWaves |language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Aktion-auf-raub-gebaut1.jpg|thumb|Protest against Kühne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel's refusal to assume its historical responsibility in the WW2 at the than new company HQ in Bremen, Slogan: "Built on robbery", April 2019.]]

=== Public processing of the company's history and commemoration ===
Since Klaus Michael Kühne and the company Kuehne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel refused to remember the Jews his company robbed at [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]], a citizens' initiative was founded at the German company headquarters in Bremen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alt, reich, uneinsichtig – Der Fall Kühne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel und der Nationalsozialismus {{!}} Förderkreis Nordtribüne e.V. |url=https://nordtribuene-hamburg.de/alt-reich-uneinsichtig-der-fall-kuehnenagel-und-der-nationalsozialismus/ |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=nordtribuene-hamburg.de}}</ref> The Bremen editorial team of [[Die Tageszeitung|die tagezeitung]] launched the “4 Sqm Truth” initiative in 2015 in close coordination with the Jewish community of Bremen and against strong resistance of political officials. The initiative wanted the company to commemorate its own crimes between 1933 and 1945 with a memorial in front of its newly built headquarters.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kleinschmidt |first1=Christian |last2=Leggewie |first2=Claus |date=2016-07-14 |title=Kühne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel: Die Abräumer |url=https://www.zeit.de/2016/30/kuehne-nagel-geschichte-nazi-zeit |access-date=2024-02-16 |work=Die Zeit |language=de-DE |issn=0044-2070}}</ref>

The core of the conflict was how close the memorial could be to the headquarters of the global logistics company Kuehne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel, which profited on a large scale from the plundering of European Jews and owed it decisive growth impulses. Finaly in 2022 a memorial on puplic ground, 150m from Kuehne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel was inaugurated on the shore of the [[Weser|Weser river]]. The granddaughter of the former Jewish K+N partner Adolf Maass, who was forced out of the company in 1933 and was later murdered in the [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz KZ]], traveled from Canada to the inauguration of the memorial.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kahlcke |first=Jan |date=2023-09-10 |title="Arisierungs"-Profiteur Kühne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel: Gedenken unterm Firmensitz |url=https://taz.de/!5956480/ |access-date=2024-02-16 |work=Die Tageszeitung: taz |language=de |issn=0931-9085}}</ref> There was no representative of the Kuehne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel company at the inaugoration.<ref>{{Cite web |last=deutschlandfunkkultur.de |title=Bremer "Arisierungs"-Mahnmal eingeweiht |url=https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/bremer-arisierungs-mahnmal-eingeweiht-102.html |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Deutschlandfunk Kultur |language=de}}</ref>


==Organization==
==Organization==
Line 65: Line 81:


==Operations==
==Operations==
Kühne + Nagel is divided into the following operating segments:<ref name=KN-C-H-01/>
Kuehne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel is divided into the following operating segments:<ref name=KN-C-H-01/>


* Sea Logistics
* Sea Logistics
Line 71: Line 87:
* Road Logistics
* Road Logistics
* Contract Logistics
* Contract Logistics
* Rail Logistics


==Services==
==Services==
Kühne + Nagel provides [[sea freight]] and [[airfreight]] forwarding, contract logistics and overland businesses; with a focus on providing IT-based logistics.
Kuehne&nbsp;+&nbsp;Nagel provides [[sea freight]] and [[airfreight]] forwarding, contract logistics and overland businesses; with a focus on providing IT-based logistics.


Its [[freight forwarding]] (sea / air) services, include the necessary arrangement for the [[transport]] of goods by road and rail. Its contract logistics unit offers [[warehousing]] and [[Distribution (business)|distribution]] services.
Its [[freight forwarding]] (sea / air) services, include the necessary arrangement for the [[transport]] of goods by road and rail. Its contract logistics unit offers [[warehousing]] and [[Distribution (business)|distribution]] services.
Line 89: Line 104:
* Karl Gernandt (Vice Chairman)
* Karl Gernandt (Vice Chairman)
* Dominik Bürgy
* Dominik Bürgy
* Vesna Nevistic
* Renato Fassbind
* David Kamenetzky
* David Kamenetzky
* Hauke Stars
* Hauke Stars
Line 96: Line 111:


=== Current Management Board:<ref name=":0" /> ===
=== Current Management Board:<ref name=":0" /> ===
* Stefan Paul - Chief Executive Officer, since 2022
* Stefan Paul – Chief Executive Officer, since 2022
* Markus Blanka-Graff - Chief Financial Officer, since 2014
* Markus Blanka-Graff – Chief Financial Officer, since 2014
* Lothar Harings - Chief Human Resources Officer, since 2010
* Sarah Kreienbühl – Chief Human Resources Officer, since 2023
* Martin Kolbe - Chief Information Officer, since 2005
* Marc Pfeffer – Chief Legal Officer, since 2023
* Martin Kolbe – Chief Information Officer, since 2005
⚫
* Otto Schacht - Executive Vice President Sea Logistics, since 2011
* Yngve Ruud - Executive Vice President Air Logistics, since 2016
* Michael Aldwell – Executive Vice President Sea Logistics, since 2023
* Gianfranco Sgro - Executive Vice President Contract Logistics, since 2015
* Yngve Ruud – Executive Vice President Air Logistics, since 2016
* Hansjörg Rodi - Executive Vice President Road Logistics and Sales, since 2022
* Gianfranco Sgro – Executive Vice President Contract Logistics, since 2015
⚫
* Hansjörg Rodi – Executive Vice President Road Logistics, since 2022


==== Previous Chief Executive Officers ====
=== Previous Chief Executive Officers ===
* Detlef Trefzger - CEO, 2013 to 2022
* Detlef Trefzger – CEO, 2013 to 2022
* Reinhard Lange<ref name="KN-C-H-08" /> - CEO, 2009 to 2013
* Reinhard Lange<ref name=KN-C-H-08>{{cite news|title=Reinhard Lange to succeed Klaus Herms as Kuehne + Nagel CEO|url=http://www.freshplaza.com/news_detail.asp?id=7251|publisher=biz.yahoo.com|date=October 2007|access-date=24 July 2012}}</ref> – CEO, 2009 to 2013
* Klaus Herms<ref name="KN-C-H-08" /> - CEO, 1999 to 2009
* Klaus Herms<ref name="KN-C-H-08" /> – CEO, 1999 to 2009
* [[Klaus-Michael Kuehne]] - CEO, 1966 to 1999
* [[Klaus-Michael Kuehne]] – CEO, 1966 to 1999

== Suspicion of corruption ==
In the 1990s, the Bavarian furniture company Chromo commissioned Kühne+Nagel to transport furniture from Asia to Germany. Kuehne+Nagel employees overcharged the company and transferred the money collected from the furniture company to a middleman in Hong Kong. And according to his own statement, he issued invoices for which he did not have to provide anything in return and repeatedly withdrew large amounts in cash from his accounts. The former managing director of the furniture company demanded that Kühne+Nagel return these 1.8 million euros.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NDR |title=Korruptionsverdacht: Jahrelange Klage gegen Kühne + Nagel |url=https://www.ndr.de/fernsehen/sendungen/panorama3/Korruptionsverdacht-Jahrelange-Klage-gegen-Kuehne-Nagel,kuehne198.html |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=www.ndr.de |language=de}}</ref>

Kühne+Nagel's former employees and lawyers repeatedly presented different versions of the justification for the costs. After 10 years of proceedings and three appeals, the court in the state of Hamburg repeatedly rejected the claim for damages. In this regard, [[Transparency International]], Germany said that while Germany had made great strides in prosecuting individuals, it still had a lot of catching up to do in prosecuting corruption in and by companies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=e.V |first=Transparency International Deutschland |title=Korruptionsverdacht: Jahrelange Klage gegen Kühne + Nagel |url=https://www.transparency.de/aktuelles/detail/article/korruptionsverdacht-jahrelange-klage-gegen-kuehne-nagel/?L=0&cHash=ff74f3523e108263297770ff34099067 |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=Transparency International Deutschland e.V. |language=de}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 135: Line 146:


<ref name=KN-C-H-07>{{cite news|title=Yahoo finance - profile of Kuehne + Nagel|url=http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/103/103119.html|publisher=biz.yahoo.com|access-date=24 July 2012}}</ref>
<ref name=KN-C-H-07>{{cite news|title=Yahoo finance - profile of Kuehne + Nagel|url=http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/103/103119.html|publisher=biz.yahoo.com|access-date=24 July 2012}}</ref>

<ref name=KN-C-H-08>{{cite news|title=Reinhard Lange to succeed Klaus Herms as Kuehne + Nagel CEO|url=http://www.freshplaza.com/news_detail.asp?id=7251|publisher=biz.yahoo.com|date=October 2007|access-date=24 July 2012}}</ref>

<ref name=KN-C-H-09>{{cite news|title=The Journal of Commerce - Kuehne + Nagel Ranked Top Forwarder in 2010|url=http://www.joc.com/international-logistics/logistics-providers/kuehne-nagel-ranked-top-forwarder-2010_20110712.html|publisher=joc.com|date=July 2011|access-date=13 June 2013}}</ref>


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<!--unused<ref name=KN-C-H-10>{{cite news|title=John Hextall Executive Profile|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=598779&ticker=UTIW|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek|access-date=13 June 2013}}{{dead link|date=April 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>-->
Line 167: Line 174:
[[Category:Companies listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies in the Swiss Market Index]]
[[Category:Companies based in the canton of Schwyz]]
[[Category:Companies based in the canton of Schwyz]]

Latest revision as of 07:30, 23 June 2024

Kuehne + Nagel International AG und Co.
Company typeHolding company
(Public)
SIX: KNIN
IndustryTransport
Logistics
FoundedBremen, Germany (1890 (1890))
Founder
HeadquartersSchindellegi (canton of Schwyz), Switzerland
Number of locations
1,300 (2023)
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Klaus-Michael Kühne
(Honorary Chairman)
Jörg Wolle
(Chairman)
Stefan Paul
(CEO)
Markus Blanka-Graff
(CFO)
Sarah Kreienbühl
(CHRO)
Marc Pfeffer
(CLO)
Martin Kolbe
(CIO)
Yngve Ruud
(EVP Air Logistics)
Michael Aldwell
(EVP Sea Logistics)
Hansjörg Rodi
(EVP Road Logistics)
Gianfranco Sgro
(EVP Contract Logistics)
ProductsSea Logistics
Air Logistics
Road Logistics
Contract Logistics
ServicesTransportation and Fulfillment
Warehousing and Distribution
Project Logistics
Customs Clearance
Insurance
E-commerce
Supply Chain Management 4PL
Supply Chain Consulting
RevenueIncreaseCHF 18.59 billion (2017)[1]
IncreaseCHF 740 million (2017)[2]
Number of employees
79,000 (2023)
Websitekuehne-nagel.com

Kuehne + Nagel International AG (or Kühne + Nagel) is a global transport and logistics company based in Schindellegi, Switzerland.[3] Its main owner and operator is Klaus-Michael Kühne via his Kühne Holding and Kühne Foundation.

The company was founded in 1890 in Bremen, Germany.[4] It provides sea freight and airfreight forwarding, contract logistics, and overland businesses. As of 2023, it has nearly 1,300 offices in over 100 countries and nearly 79,000 employees.[5]

History

[edit]

Early years and evolution: 1890–1933

[edit]

The origins of Kuehne + Nagel[6] was in 1890, when August Kühne and Friedrich Nagel founded a forwarding commission agency in Bremen, Germany. It was initially used to concentrate on cotton and consolidated freight. Later in 1902, it expanded its operations to Hamburg.[3]

In 1907, the co-founder Friedrich Nagel died, and August Kühne took over his shares in the company. The legacy of Nagel still lives on, in the company's name – Kuehne + Nagel (KN). World War I greatly affected its businesses.

Upon Kühne's death in 1932, his sons – Alfred and Werner – became partners in the firm. Adolf Maass (1875 – probably early in 1945 in Auschwitz concentration camp), who was Jewish, a partner, and one of the firm's shareholder with a 45% stake, was forced out in April 1933. On the 1st of May 1933 Alfred and Werner Kühne joined the Nazi Party,[7] and under the brothers' management the firm played a prominent role in the transport of property seized from Jews in occupied territories.[8][9]

Involvement in Nazi theft of Jewish property

[edit]

Kuehne + Nagel played a key role in the Nazi regime's “M-Aktion”. In total, by August 1944, the responsible Nazi agency had had the furnishings of around 65,000 apartments in the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Luxembourg removed. This required 500 barges and 674 trains. Kuehne + Nagel played a key role in the implementation of the transport logistics. The company was active directly and with the help of subcontractors in all occupied Western countries.[10]

The transports from the Netherlands are the most extensively researched. For example, K + N chartered its own steamer to transport looted Jewish property to the German Reich. The first cargo ship from Amsterdam arrived Bremen in December 1942. The parts list shows 220 armchairs, 105 beds, 363 tables, 598 chairs, 126 cupboards, 35 sofas, 307 boxes of glassware, 110 mirrors, 158 lamps, 32 clocks, a gramophone and two strollers. These were the property of Dutch Jews who had been deported to concentration camps in the summer of 1941.[11][12]

Transition to a Swiss holding co., and expansion: 1950s – 1990s

[edit]

In the early 1950s, Alfred Kühne initiated the company's international expansion; and KN expanded its operations into Canada, with the opening of branch offices in Toronto, Ontario and Montreal, Quebec. In 1963, KN took a controlling stake in Athens based Proodos S.A, and also expanded into Italy. In 1975, the company adopted a holding company structure, with the formation of Kuehne + Nagel International AG based in Schindellegi, Switzerland, as the ultimate holding company.

In the mid-1960s, a third-generation member of the Kühne family, Klaus-Michael Kühne joined his father Alfred Kühne as a junior partner, having completed an apprenticeship in banking. In 1966, at the age of 30, he joined the management team as executive chairman; and spearheaded KN's future expansion, particularly its European and the Far Eastern operations.

In 1981, Alfred Kühne died; and in July the same year, due to the losses sustained by the Kühne family in attempting to expand its shipping fleet, a 50% stake in KN was sold to the British conglomerate Lonrho Plc for 90 million DM. Following the purchase, Klaus-Michael Kühne and Lonrho's head, Roland "Tiny" Rowland acted as joint chief executives of the combined organisation. KN further expanded with its acquisition of freight companies: Domenichelli SpA (Italy), Van Vliet BV (Netherlands), Hollis Transport Group Ltd. (UK), Transportes Tres (Spain), and other acquisitions in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

Further expansion: 1990s – 2000

[edit]

The 1990 German reunification was an important event for many German companies, including KN; and provided them the necessary impetus to expand further. After the reunification, KN integrated its network in the former German Democratic Republic, and consolidated its operations. In 1992, it bought back Lonrho plc's 50% stake in the company; and went public in May 1994. It was listed on the Zurich and Frankfurt exchanges, which provided a platform for further exchange-based acquisitions. The same year, KN established a Russian subsidiary; and pushed ahead into Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.[13]

In the mid 1990s, strategic focus given to expand the lucrative logistics-related contracts / operations paid off – one being with DuPont in which KN would operate the chemical giant's leveraged distribution activities in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. In July 1999, Kühne handed over the post of CEO to Klaus Herms, and continued as the executive chairman and president of the board.

2000 to present

[edit]

In the early 2000s, KN got a foothold in the Asia Pacific contract logistics market, when it forged a strategic alliance with Singapore-based SembCorp Logistics. In 2001, it acquired USCO Logistics Inc. – a warehouse-based logistics service provider based in Hamden, Connecticut, for US$300 million. KN and SembCorp chose to follow different strategic paths in 2004, and ended their strategic partnership.[14]

In October 2007, the board of KN appointed Reinhard Lange as the successor to CEO Klaus Herms, effective June 2009 to ensure a smooth handover. The succession plan was similar to the SAP's 2007 CEO transition plan from Henning Kagermann to Léo Apotheker, which received praise in the media.[15]

In 2012, Kuehne + Nagel acquired the business contracts of Canada's Perishables International Transportation (PIT) to expand into global fresh and frozen foods network.[16]

In September 2013, Kuehne + Nagel agreed to merge its railfreight business with VTG to form VTG Rail Logistics, which would be Europe's largest private railfreight business when it starts operations in 2014.[17]

In April 2014, Kuehne + Nagel International was fined $3.1 million for its part in a freight forwarding cartel case brought by the Commerce Commission. Kuehne + Nagel was the last defendant in the seven-year investigation involving six firms, who referred to themselves as the "Gardening Club" and used horticultural code to discuss anti-competitive practices among them.[18][19][20]

In June 2020 the 2021 Rugby League World Cup announced that Kuehne + Nagel would become the official Logistics Partner of the tournament.[21]

In November 2023 Kuehne + Nagel acquired Farrow, a customs broker out of Ontario, Canada. Farrow will be fully owned by Kuehne + Nagel in early 2024. [22]

Protest against Kühne + Nagel's refusal to assume its historical responsibility in the WW2 at the than new company HQ in Bremen, Slogan: "Built on robbery", April 2019.

Public processing of the company's history and commemoration

[edit]

Since Klaus Michael Kühne and the company Kuehne + Nagel refused to remember the Jews his company robbed at Holocaust, a citizens' initiative was founded at the German company headquarters in Bremen.[23] The Bremen editorial team of die tagezeitung launched the “4 Sqm Truth” initiative in 2015 in close coordination with the Jewish community of Bremen and against strong resistance of political officials. The initiative wanted the company to commemorate its own crimes between 1933 and 1945 with a memorial in front of its newly built headquarters.[24]

The core of the conflict was how close the memorial could be to the headquarters of the global logistics company Kuehne + Nagel, which profited on a large scale from the plundering of European Jews and owed it decisive growth impulses. Finaly in 2022 a memorial on puplic ground, 150m from Kuehne + Nagel was inaugurated on the shore of the Weser river. The granddaughter of the former Jewish K+N partner Adolf Maass, who was forced out of the company in 1933 and was later murdered in the Auschwitz KZ, traveled from Canada to the inauguration of the memorial.[25] There was no representative of the Kuehne + Nagel company at the inaugoration.[26]

Organization

[edit]

The group employs more than 78,000 people in 1000 locations in more than 100 countries and has approximately 12 million sqm of warehouse space under management.[27] It is organised in the following five geographical divisions:[3]

Operations

[edit]

Kuehne + Nagel is divided into the following operating segments:[3]

  • Sea Logistics
  • Air Logistics
  • Road Logistics
  • Contract Logistics

Services

[edit]

Kuehne + Nagel provides sea freight and airfreight forwarding, contract logistics and overland businesses; with a focus on providing IT-based logistics.

Its freight forwarding (sea / air) services, include the necessary arrangement for the transport of goods by road and rail. Its contract logistics unit offers warehousing and distribution services.

KN Integrated Logistics includes 4PL Management, Supplier & Inventory Management, Aftermarket Management and Supply Chain Technology. KN Integrated Logistics acts as the single point of contact with full operational responsibility with focus on supply-chain integration.

Kuehne + Nagel's solutions[buzzword] extend to the world's largest industries including: aerospace, automotive, fast-moving consumer goods, high-tech & consumer electronics, industrial goods, oil & gas, retail, pharma & healthcare.[28]

Leadership

[edit]

Board of Directors[29]

[edit]
  • Jörg Wolle (Chairman)
  • Klaus-Michael Kuehne (Honorary Chairman)
  • Karl Gernandt (Vice Chairman)
  • Dominik Bürgy
  • Vesna Nevistic
  • David Kamenetzky
  • Hauke Stars
  • Martin C. Wittig
  • Tobias B. Staehelin

Current Management Board:[29]

[edit]
  • Stefan Paul – Chief Executive Officer, since 2022
  • Markus Blanka-Graff – Chief Financial Officer, since 2014
  • Sarah Kreienbühl – Chief Human Resources Officer, since 2023
  • Marc Pfeffer – Chief Legal Officer, since 2023
  • Martin Kolbe – Chief Information Officer, since 2005
  • Michael Aldwell – Executive Vice President Sea Logistics, since 2023
  • Yngve Ruud – Executive Vice President Air Logistics, since 2016
  • Gianfranco Sgro – Executive Vice President Contract Logistics, since 2015
  • Hansjörg Rodi – Executive Vice President Road Logistics, since 2022

Previous Chief Executive Officers

[edit]
  • Detlef Trefzger – CEO, 2013 to 2022
  • Reinhard Lange[30] – CEO, 2009 to 2013
  • Klaus Herms[30] – CEO, 1999 to 2009
  • Klaus-Michael Kuehne – CEO, 1966 to 1999

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Kuehne + Nagel: Global Revenue 2017". Archived from the original on 2020-03-24. Retrieved 2018-06-21.
  2. ^ "Kuehne + Nagel: About".
  3. ^ a b c d "Reuters Finance company profile - Kuehne + Nagel". Reuters. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  4. ^ "Kuehne + Nagel: The Extension of Your Business". industryleadersmagazine.com. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012. by Dhwani Shah
  5. ^ "About Kuehne + Nagel". Kuehne + Nagel. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  6. ^ "Yahoo finance - profile of Kuehne + Nagel". biz.yahoo.com. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  7. ^ Hamburg State Archives Signatur 371-8 II_SXXI A15 a 133
  8. ^ "Kühne + Nagel: Jubiläum mit dunklen Flecken | NDR.de - Kultur - Geschichte - Chronologie". NDR.de. 2015-06-30. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  9. ^ Müller, Leo (1970-01-01). "Kühne + Nagels Rolle bei der Ausplünderung der Juden - DIE WELT". Die Welt. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  10. ^ deutschlandfunk.de. "NS-Geschichte von Kühne + Nagel - Unaufgearbeitete Vergangenheit". Deutschlandfunk (in German). Retrieved 2024-02-16.
  11. ^ "Kühne + Nagels Rolle bei der Ausplünderung der Juden - WELT". DIE WELT (in German). 2017-08-25. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
  12. ^ Kahlcke, Jan (2023-09-10). ""Arisierungs"-Profiteur Kühne + Nagel: Gedenken unterm Firmensitz". Die Tageszeitung: taz (in German). ISSN 0931-9085. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
  13. ^ "Fundinguniverse.com profile of Kuehne + Nagel international AG". fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  14. ^ "SembCorp Logistics sells stake in Kuehne & Nagel". datamonitor.com. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  15. ^ "The Other Transition". Vol. 390, no. 8612. The Economist. 2009-01-03. p. 49. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
  16. ^ "Kuehne + Nagel Acquires Canadian Perishables Forwarder". Joc.com. Retrieved 24 July 2012.[permanent dead link]
  17. ^ "Kuehne + Nagel and VTG agree rail logistics merger". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
  18. ^ "Swiss firm fined 31 million over cartel | Business | Newshub". 3news.co.nz. 2014-04-08. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  19. ^ "'Gardening Club' freight cartel participant fined $3.1mln | Scoop News". Scoop.co.nz. 2014-04-08. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  20. ^ "'Gardening Club' freight cartel participant, Kuehne + Nagel, fined $3.1m | The National Business Review". Nbr.co.nz. 2014-04-08. Archived from the original on 2016-08-19. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  21. ^ "Kuehne + Nagel to deliver RLWC2021 as Official Partner".
  22. ^ Mahoney, Noi (2023-11-29). "Canadian freight forwarder Farrow acquired by Kuehne + Nagel". FreightWaves. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
  23. ^ "Alt, reich, uneinsichtig – Der Fall Kühne + Nagel und der Nationalsozialismus | Förderkreis Nordtribüne e.V." nordtribuene-hamburg.de. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
  24. ^ Kleinschmidt, Christian; Leggewie, Claus (2016-07-14). "Kühne + Nagel: Die Abräumer". Die Zeit (in German). ISSN 0044-2070. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
  25. ^ Kahlcke, Jan (2023-09-10). ""Arisierungs"-Profiteur Kühne + Nagel: Gedenken unterm Firmensitz". Die Tageszeitung: taz (in German). ISSN 0931-9085. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
  26. ^ deutschlandfunkkultur.de. "Bremer "Arisierungs"-Mahnmal eingeweiht". Deutschlandfunk Kultur (in German). Retrieved 2024-02-16.
  27. ^ "LinkdeIn profile". LinkedIn. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  28. ^ "Kuehne + Nagel: Industry". kn-portal.com. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  29. ^ a b "Corporate Governance". Kuehne + Nagel. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  30. ^ a b "Reinhard Lange to succeed Klaus Herms as Kuehne + Nagel CEO". biz.yahoo.com. October 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
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