Brazilian Socialist Party: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Political party in Brazil}} |
{{Short description|Political party in Brazil}} |
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{{Split|Brazilian Socialist Party|Brazilian Socialist Party (1947)|date=October 2022|discuss=Talk:Brazilian Socialist Party#Split request 10 October 2022}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} |
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{{Infobox political party |
{{Infobox political party |
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|colorcode = {{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}} |
| colorcode = {{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}} |
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|name = Brazilian Socialist Party |
| name = Brazilian Socialist Party |
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|native_name = Partido Socialista Brasileiro |
| native_name = Partido Socialista Brasileiro |
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|logo = Brazilian Socialist Party |
| logo = Logo of the Brazilian Socialist Party.svg |
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|logo_size = |
| logo_size = 210px |
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|president = [[Carlos Siqueira]] |
| president = [[Carlos Siqueira]] |
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|foundation = {{start date and age|1947|08|06|df=y}} |
| foundation = '''Current''':<br />{{start date and age|1989|07|02|df=y}}<br />'''Historical''':<br />{{start date and age|1947|08|06|df=y}} |
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|split = [[National Democratic Union (Brazil)|National Democratic Union]] |
| split = [[National Democratic Union (Brazil)|National Democratic Union]] |
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|headquarters = SCLN 304, bloco "A", Entrada 63, sobreloja<br />[[Brasília]], Brazil |
| headquarters = SCLN 304, bloco "A", Entrada 63, sobreloja<br />[[Brasília]], Brazil |
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|newspaper = ''Folha Socialista'' (1947–1964) |
| newspaper = ''Folha Socialista'' (1947–1964) |
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| ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap| |
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|ideology = [[Social democracy]]<ref name="bbc.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-41058120|title = Direita ou esquerda? Análise de votações indica posição de partidos brasileiros no espectro ideológico|newspaper = BBC News Brasil}}</ref><br />[[Left-wing nationalism]]<ref name="bbc.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-41058120|title = Direita ou esquerda? Análise de votações indica posição de partidos brasileiros no espectro ideológico|newspaper = BBC News Brasil}}</ref> |
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|[[Social democracy]]<ref name="bbc.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-41058120|title = Direita ou esquerda? Análise de votações indica posição de partidos brasileiros no espectro ideológico|newspaper = BBC News Brasil}}</ref> |
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|position = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]] to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] |
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|[[Progressivism]] |
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|national = |
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|'''Factions:''' |
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|international = [[Progressive Alliance (political international)|Progressive Alliance]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://progressive-alliance.info/participants/# |title=Participants | Progressive Alliance |access-date=6 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302142054/http://progressive-alliance.info/participants/# |archive-date=2 March 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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|[[Social liberalism]]{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} |
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|regional = [[Foro de Sao Paulo]] (1991–2019) |
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|blank1_title = TSE Identification Number |
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|blank1 = 40 |
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|membership = 648,012<ref>http://inter04.tse.jus.br/ords/dwtse/f?p=2001:104:::NO{{Dead link|date=October 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}:::</ref> |
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|seats1_title = [[Chamber of Deputies of Brazil|Chamber of Deputies]] |
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|seats1 = {{Composition bar|32|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
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|seats2_title = [[Senate of Brazil|Federal Senate]] |
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|seats2 = {{Composition bar|3|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
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|seats3_title = [[List of current state governors in Brazil|Governorships]] |
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|seats3 = {{Composition bar|3|27|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
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|seats4_title = [[Legislative Assembly|State Assemblies]] |
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|seats4 = {{Composition bar|71|1059|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
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|seats5_title = [[Municipalities of Brazil|Mayors]] |
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|seats5 = {{Composition bar|327|5566|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
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|seats6_title = City councillors |
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|seats6 = {{Composition bar|3484|51748|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
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|colours = {{Color box|#FF0000|border=darkgray}} [[Red]]<br />{{Color box|#FF8000|border=darkgray}} [[Orange (colour)|Orange]]<br />{{Color box|#FFD700|border=darkgray}} [[Yellow]] |
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|website = {{url|www.psb40.org.br}} |
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|country = Brazil |
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}} |
}} |
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| position = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]] |
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The '''Brazilian Socialist Party''' ({{lang-pt-BR|Partido Socialista Brasileiro}}, '''PSB''') is a [[political party in Brazil]]. It was founded in 1947, before being abolished by the military regime in 1965 and re-organised in 1985 with the re-democratisation of Brazil. It elected six Governors in 2010, becoming the second largest party in number of state governments, behind only [[Brazilian Social Democratic Party|PSDB]]. In addition to that, it won 34 seats in the [[Chamber of Deputies of Brazil|Chamber of Deputies]]<ref name="cham">{{in lang|pt}} [http://g1.globo.com/especiais/eleicoes-2010/noticia/2010/10/saiba-nova-composicao-da-camara.html "Saiba a nova composição da Câmara"]. G1. 4 October 2010.</ref> and three seats in the [[Senate of Brazil|Senate]],<ref name="R7">{{in lang|pt}} [http://noticias.r7.com/eleicoes-2010/noticias/partidos-aliados-de-dilma-elegem-mais-senadores-que-a-oposicao-20101004.html "Partidos aliados de Dilma elegem mais senadores que a oposição"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007204403/http://noticias.r7.com/eleicoes-2010/noticias/partidos-aliados-de-dilma-elegem-mais-senadores-que-a-oposicao-20101004.html# |date=7 October 2010 }}. R7. 4 October 2010.</ref> besides having been a member of the ''[[With the Strength of the People|For Brazil to Keep on Changing]]'' coalition, which elected [[Dilma Rousseff]] as President of Brazil. |
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| national = |
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| international = [[Progressive Alliance (political international)|Progressive Alliance]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://progressive-alliance.info/participants/# |title=Participants | Progressive Alliance |access-date=6 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302142054/http://progressive-alliance.info/participants/# |archive-date=2 March 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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In 2014, the party went into opposition, advocating greater [[economic stability]], low inflation, high economic growth, [[sustainable development]], and [[social welfare programs]].<ref name="Agência Brasil">{{in lang|pt}} [http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2014-06/chapa-unidos-pelo-brasil-oficializa-apoio-eduardo-campos?SL_ClassKey=1 "Chapa Unidos pelo Brasil oficializa apoio a Eduardo Campos"]</ref> |
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| regional = [[Foro de Sao Paulo]] (1991–2019) |
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| blank1_title = TSE Identification Number |
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| blank1 = 40 |
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| membership = 648,012<ref>http://inter04.tse.jus.br/ords/dwtse/f?p=2001:104:::NO{{Dead link|date=October 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}:::</ref> |
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| seats1_title = [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] |
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| seats1 = {{Composition bar|14|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
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| seats2_title = [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Federal Senate]] |
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| seats2 = {{Composition bar|4|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
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| seats3_title = [[List of current state governors in Brazil|Governorships]] |
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| seats3 = {{Composition bar|3|27|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
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| seats4_title = [[Legislative Assembly|State Assemblies]] |
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| seats4 = {{Composition bar|71|1059|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
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| seats5_title = [[Municipalities of Brazil|Mayors]] |
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| seats5 = {{Composition bar|327|5566|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
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| seats6_title = City councillors |
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| seats6 = {{Composition bar|3484|51748|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
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| colours = {{Color box|#FF0000|border=darkgray}} [[Red]]<br />{{Color box|#FF8000|border=darkgray}} [[Orange (colour)|Orange]]<br />{{Color box|#FFD700|border=darkgray}} [[Yellow]] |
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| website = {{URL|www.psb40.org.br}} |
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| country = Brazil |
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}} |
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The '''Brazilian Socialist Party''' ({{lang-pt|Partido Socialista Brasileiro}}, '''PSB''') is a [[political party in Brazil]]. It was founded in 1947, before being abolished by the military regime in 1965 and re-organised in 1989 after the re-democratisation of Brazil. It elected six Governors in 2010, becoming the second largest party in number of state governments, behind only [[Brazilian Social Democratic Party|PSDB]]. In addition to that, it won 34 seats in the [[Chamber of Deputies of Brazil|Chamber of Deputies]]<ref name="cham">{{in lang|pt}} [http://g1.globo.com/especiais/eleicoes-2010/noticia/2010/10/saiba-nova-composicao-da-camara.html "Saiba a nova composição da Câmara"]. G1. 4 October 2010.</ref> and three seats in the [[Senate of Brazil|Senate]],<ref name="R7">{{in lang|pt}} [http://noticias.r7.com/eleicoes-2010/noticias/partidos-aliados-de-dilma-elegem-mais-senadores-que-a-oposicao-20101004.html "Partidos aliados de Dilma elegem mais senadores que a oposição"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007204403/http://noticias.r7.com/eleicoes-2010/noticias/partidos-aliados-de-dilma-elegem-mais-senadores-que-a-oposicao-20101004.html# |date=7 October 2010 }}. R7. 4 October 2010.</ref> besides having been a member of the ''[[With the Strength of the People|For Brazil to Keep on Changing]]'' coalition, which elected [[Dilma Rousseff]] as President of Brazil. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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PSB has its origins at the end of [[Getúlio Vargas]]' [[Estado Novo (Brazil)|Estado Novo]] regime, when the Democratic Left (''Esquerda Democrática – ED'') emerged as a faction of the [[National Democratic Union (Brazil)|National Democratic Union]] (''União Democrática Nacional – UDN'') in 1945.<ref name="His">{{in lang|pt}} [http://www.psbnacional.org.br/index.php/content/view/4155/Histrico.html História do PSB]. Brazilian Socialist Party official website. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103014308/http://www.psbnacional.org.br/index.php/content/view/4155/Histrico.html |date=3 November 2010 }}</ref> Its goals were to combine the social changes of the period with broad civil and political liberties.<ref name="His" /> ED's ideology was based on a broad left-wing concept: it advocated that socialism had to be built gradually and legally, through the defence of democracy and a national identity.<ref name="His" /> In this sense, it differed greatly from other opposition parties, such as UDN, which advocated [[free market]] policies, and the [[Communist Party of Brazil|Communist Party]] (PCB), which advocated the authoritarian socialism of the [[Soviet Union]].<ref name="His" /> |
PSB has its origins at the end of [[Getúlio Vargas]]' [[Estado Novo (Brazil)|Estado Novo]] regime, when the Democratic Left (''Esquerda Democrática – ED'') emerged as a faction of the [[National Democratic Union (Brazil)|National Democratic Union]] (''União Democrática Nacional – UDN'') in 1945.<ref name="His">{{in lang|pt}} [http://www.psbnacional.org.br/index.php/content/view/4155/Histrico.html História do PSB]. Brazilian Socialist Party official website. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103014308/http://www.psbnacional.org.br/index.php/content/view/4155/Histrico.html |date=3 November 2010 }}</ref> Its goals were to combine the social changes of the period with broad civil and political liberties.<ref name="His" /> ED's ideology was based on a broad left-wing concept: it advocated that socialism had to be built gradually and legally, through the defence of democracy and a national identity.<ref name="His" /> In this sense, it differed greatly from other opposition parties, such as UDN, which advocated [[free market]] policies, and the [[Communist Party of Brazil|Communist Party]] (PCB), which advocated the authoritarian socialism of the [[Soviet Union]].<ref name="His" /> |
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As UDN became increasingly a [[right-wing|right-leaning]] party, binding itself with the [[Brazilian Army]]<ref>{{in lang|pt}} Gaio, André Moysés. [http://www.dhi.uem.br/publicacoesdhi/dialogos/volume01/vol6_mesa2.htm "Affinities Between the National Democratic Union (UDN) and the Brazilian Army"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706161844/http://www.dhi.uem.br/publicacoesdhi/dialogos/volume01/vol6_mesa2.htm# |date=6 July 2011 }}. ''Diálogos''. Maringá State University. Department of History.</ref> and the aspirations of urban middle classes,<ref name="MIA">{{in lang|pt}} [http://www.marxists.org/portugues/dicionario/verbetes/u/uni_demo_nacional.htm "Dicionário Político – União Democrática Nacional (UDN)"]. [[Marxists Internet Archive]]. Reproduced from CPDOC/[[Fundação Getulio Vargas]].</ref> ED's Socialist proposals were extremely at odds with the party, which led to a split and the subsequent foundation of PSB. On 6 August 1947, the Brazilian Socialist Party was founded, maintaining the same program and proposals it had as a faction of the UDN.<ref name="His" /> In its 1947 manifesto, the PSB sought to represent an alternative to the main left-wing parties of that period: Vargas' [[Brazilian Labour Party (historical)|Brazilian Labour Party]] (PTB) and the [[Brazilian Communist Party]] (PCB). PSB opposed the centralism and authoritarianism of Vargas, as well as the rigid labour union structure supported by PTB. They opposed PCB's [[cult of personality]] and radical [[Marxism]], which placed the PSB in the centre-left spectrum, between radical [[Marxism]] and [[social democracy]]. |
As UDN became increasingly a [[right-wing|right-leaning]] party, binding itself with the [[Brazilian Army]]<ref>{{in lang|pt}} Gaio, André Moysés. [http://www.dhi.uem.br/publicacoesdhi/dialogos/volume01/vol6_mesa2.htm "Affinities Between the National Democratic Union (UDN) and the Brazilian Army"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706161844/http://www.dhi.uem.br/publicacoesdhi/dialogos/volume01/vol6_mesa2.htm# |date=6 July 2011 }}. ''Diálogos''. Maringá State University. Department of History.</ref> and the aspirations of urban middle classes,<ref name="MIA">{{in lang|pt}} [http://www.marxists.org/portugues/dicionario/verbetes/u/uni_demo_nacional.htm "Dicionário Político – União Democrática Nacional (UDN)"]. [[Marxists Internet Archive]]. Reproduced from CPDOC/[[Fundação Getulio Vargas]].</ref> ED's Socialist proposals were extremely at odds with the party, which led to a split and the subsequent foundation of PSB. On 6 August 1947, the Brazilian Socialist Party was founded, maintaining the same program and proposals it had as a faction of the UDN.<ref name="His" /> In its 1947 manifesto, the PSB sought to represent an alternative to the main left-wing parties of that period: Vargas' [[Brazilian Labour Party (historical)|Brazilian Labour Party]] (PTB) and the [[Brazilian Communist Party]] (PCB). PSB opposed the centralism and authoritarianism of Vargas, as well as the rigid labour union structure supported by PTB. They opposed PCB's [[cult of personality]] and radical [[Marxism]], which placed the PSB in the centre-left to left-wing spectrum, between radical [[Marxism]] and [[social democracy]]. |
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PSB proposed to be a party of "everyone who relies on their own work".<ref name="His" /> It advocated immediate reforms, such as the nationalisation of economically strategic areas, the expansion of workers' rights, the ensuring of [[public health]] and [[public education|education]], and the development of democracy through means of [[public participation|popular participation]].<ref name="His" /> Its structure brought a new experience which characterised PSB's democratic profile: the Base Centres (''núcleos de base'').<ref name="His" /> Through them, Socialist militants could get involved in the party project, discuss national issues and form the orientation and the target of partisan action.<ref name="His" /> |
PSB proposed to be a party of "everyone who relies on their own work".<ref name="His" /> It advocated immediate reforms, such as the nationalisation of economically strategic areas, the expansion of workers' rights, the ensuring of [[public health]] and [[public education|education]], and the development of democracy through means of [[public participation|popular participation]].<ref name="His" /> Its structure brought a new experience which characterised PSB's democratic profile: the Base Centres (''núcleos de base'').<ref name="His" /> Through them, Socialist militants could get involved in the party project, discuss national issues and form the orientation and the target of partisan action.<ref name="His" /> |
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In the [[1950 Brazilian presidential election|1950 election]], PSB's candidate, João Mangabeira won only 0.12% of the vote and the PSB elected only one deputy from [[Sergipe]]. At the same time, the PSB approached the PCB, banned in 1947 and operating underground. A number of communists ran for office under the PSB's endorsement. |
In the [[1950 Brazilian presidential election|1950 election]], PSB's candidate, João Mangabeira won only 0.12% of the vote and the PSB elected only one deputy from [[Sergipe]]. At the same time, the PSB approached the PCB, banned in 1947 and operating underground. A number of communists ran for office under the PSB's endorsement. |
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In the [[1955 Brazilian presidential election|1955 election]], the PSB endorsed the UDN candidate, [[Juarez Távora]]. In [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], the PSB supported the electoral endeavors of [[Jânio Quadros]]: first in the São Paulo mayoral election in 1953 and Quadros' successful bid for Governor in 1954. However, the PSB's support for Quadros, a rather middle-class reformer, split the party, a split which ended with the expulsion of Quadros supporters from the party. In the [[1960 Brazilian presidential election|1960 election]], won by Quadros, the PSB supported the candidacy of [[Henrique Teixeira Lott]]. |
In the [[1955 Brazilian presidential election|1955 election]], the PSB endorsed the UDN candidate, [[Juarez Távora (general)|Juarez Távora]]. In [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], the PSB supported the electoral endeavors of [[Jânio Quadros]]: first in the São Paulo mayoral election in 1953 and Quadros' successful bid for Governor in 1954. However, the PSB's support for Quadros, a rather middle-class reformer, split the party, a split which ended with the expulsion of Quadros supporters from the party. In the [[1960 Brazilian presidential election|1960 election]], won by Quadros, the PSB supported the candidacy of [[Henrique Teixeira Lott]]. |
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The PSB had limited legislative representation between 1947 and 1964, but in 1962 it elected one Senator, Aurélio Viana defeated the UDN's candidate, Juracy Magalhães in [[Guanabara State]]. |
The PSB had limited legislative representation between 1947 and 1964, but in 1962 it elected one Senator, Aurélio Viana defeated the UDN's candidate, Juracy Magalhães in [[Guanabara State]]. |
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===Second PSB (1989–present)=== |
===Second PSB (1989–present)=== |
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Following the return to a democracy in the country, a Brazilian Socialist Party was re-organised on the 1947 manifesto. At first, it achieved limited electoral success, though it elected some legislators and mayors. In the [[1989 Brazilian presidential election|1989 presidential election]], it supported the PT candidate, [[ |
Following the return to a democracy in the country, a Brazilian Socialist Party was re-organised on the 1947 manifesto. At first, it achieved limited electoral success, though it elected some legislators and mayors. In the [[1989 Brazilian presidential election|1989 presidential election]], it supported the PT candidate, [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]]. |
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In 1990, [[Pernambuco]] Governor Miguel Arraes joined the party, giving the PSB a certain electoral boost in subsequent elections. In the [[1994 Brazilian general election|1994 election]], the party again endorsed Lula. In the same election, Arraes was re-elected Governor with 54% by the first round, and the PSB elected another governor, João Capiberibe, in [[Amapá]], as well as a Senator in [[Pará]]. The party continued to grow with the adhesion of several officeholders in 1995 and 1996, but it did not endorse the left-wing candidacy of [[Ciro Gomes]] in the 1998 election, preferring to endorse Lula. The same year, Arraes was defeated in Pernambuco but the party gained the governorship of [[Alagoas]]. |
In 1990, [[Pernambuco]] Governor Miguel Arraes joined the party, giving the PSB a certain electoral boost in subsequent elections. In the [[1994 Brazilian general election|1994 election]], the party again endorsed Lula. In the same election, Arraes was re-elected Governor with 54% by the first round, and the PSB elected another governor, João Capiberibe, in [[Amapá]], as well as a Senator in [[Pará]]. The party continued to grow with the adhesion of several officeholders in 1995 and 1996, but it did not endorse the left-wing candidacy of [[Ciro Gomes]] in the 1998 election, preferring to endorse Lula. The same year, Arraes was defeated in Pernambuco but the party gained the governorship of [[Alagoas]]. |
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[[Ciro Gomes]] joined the PSB in 2003, and was expected to be the PSB's candidate in the [[2010 Brazilian general election|2010 election]]; however, the PSB decided not to run a presidential candidate. |
[[Ciro Gomes]] joined the PSB in 2003, and was expected to be the PSB's candidate in the [[2010 Brazilian general election|2010 election]]; however, the PSB decided not to run a presidential candidate. |
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The PSB did well overall in the 2010 elections; it picked up 7 seats in the Chamber of Deputies for a total of 34 seats, and regained representation in the Senate, winning 3 Senate seats. While it lost the governorship of Rio Grande do Norte, it easily retained the governorships of Ceará and Pernambuco and also overwhelmingly won the governorship of [[Espírito Santo]]. Following runoffs, it also won the governorships of [[Amapá]], [[Paraíba]], and [[Piauí]], for a total of |
The PSB did well overall in the 2010 elections; it picked up 7 seats in the Chamber of Deputies for a total of 34 seats, and regained representation in the Senate, winning 3 Senate seats. While it lost the governorship of Rio Grande do Norte, it easily retained the governorships of Ceará and Pernambuco and also overwhelmingly won the governorship of [[Espírito Santo]]. Following runoffs, it also won the governorships of [[Amapá]], [[Paraíba]], and [[Piauí]], for a total of six state governorships. |
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Despite its socialist name and identity, the PSB was criticised by many on the Brazilian political scene, especially on the left, for its efforts to attract right-wing Brazilian politicians like senator Heraclito Fortes, and to support the candidacy of [[Eduardo Campos]] and, later, [[Marina Silva]]. These positions led many traditional socialists and social-democrats in Brazil to leave the party for more left-wing outfits such as the PSOL and PDT. |
Despite its socialist name and identity, the PSB was criticised by many on the Brazilian political scene, especially on the left, for its efforts to attract right-wing Brazilian politicians like senator Heraclito Fortes, and to support the candidacy of [[Eduardo Campos]] and, later, [[Marina Silva]]. These positions led many traditional socialists and social-democrats in Brazil to leave the party for more left-wing outfits such as the PSOL and PDT. |
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In [[2014 Brazilian general election|2014 general elections]], the PSB did not support Rousseff and was part of the [[United for Brazil]] coalition, which supported [[Marina Silva]] as its presidential candidate. The party did well in the legislative elections, electing 34 deputies and |
In [[2014 Brazilian general election|2014 general elections]], the PSB did not support Rousseff and was part of the [[United for Brazil]] coalition, which supported [[Marina Silva]] as its presidential candidate. It advocated greater [[economic stability]], low inflation, high economic growth, [[sustainable development]], and [[social welfare programs]].<ref name="Agência Brasil">{{in lang|pt}} [http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2014-06/chapa-unidos-pelo-brasil-oficializa-apoio-eduardo-campos?SL_ClassKey=1 "Chapa Unidos pelo Brasil oficializa apoio a Eduardo Campos"]</ref> The party did well in the legislative elections, electing 34 deputies and seven senators. |
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The party later voted in favour of the [[impeachment of Dilma Rousseff]] and formed a coalition government with Brazil's new president, [[Michel Temer]]. |
The party later voted in favour of the [[impeachment of Dilma Rousseff]] and formed a coalition government with Brazil's new president, [[Michel Temer]]. |
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In May 2017, the PSB withdrew its support from Temer and went into opposition.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/psb-quer-renuncia-de-temer-e-fara-oposicao-diz-secretario-geral.ghtml|title=PSB anuncia oposição ao governo Michel Temer e passa a defender renúncia|work=G1|access-date=2018-06-27|language=pt-BR}}</ref> |
In May 2017, the PSB withdrew its support from Temer and went into opposition.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/psb-quer-renuncia-de-temer-e-fara-oposicao-diz-secretario-geral.ghtml|title=PSB anuncia oposição ao governo Michel Temer e passa a defender renúncia|work=G1|access-date=2018-06-27|language=pt-BR}}</ref> |
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In the [[2018 Brazilian general election|2018 general election]] PSB did not support any candidate (although some members of the party supported [[Ciro Gomes]] of the [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|Democratic Labour Party]]) in the first round; it later endorsed [[Fernando Haddad]] of the [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]] in the second round. |
In the [[2018 Brazilian general election|2018 general election]], PSB did not support any candidate (although some members of the party supported [[Ciro Gomes]] of the [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|Democratic Labour Party]]) in the first round; it later endorsed [[Fernando Haddad]] of the [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]] in the second round.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}} The party saw a decrease in support in the parliamentary election, winning 32 deputies and two senators. PSB later joined the opposition to [[Jair Bolsonaro]]. |
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On 30 August 2019 the Brazilian Socialist Party withdrew from the [[Foro de São Paulo|Foro de Sao Paulo]], denouncing its support of [[Nicolás Maduro|Nicolas Maduro]]'s presidency.<ref name="Morais">{{Cite web|url=https://www.esmaelmorais.com.br/2019/08/psb-aprova-saida-de-foro-de-sao-paulo-e-critica-maduro/|title=PSB aprova saída de Foro de São Paulo e critica Maduro|last=Morais|first=Esmael|date=2019-08-30|website=Blog do Esmael|language=pt-BR|access-date=2019-10-22}}</ref> |
On 30 August 2019, the Brazilian Socialist Party withdrew from the [[Foro de São Paulo|Foro de Sao Paulo]], denouncing its support of [[Nicolás Maduro|Nicolas Maduro]]'s presidency.<ref name="Morais">{{Cite web|url=https://www.esmaelmorais.com.br/2019/08/psb-aprova-saida-de-foro-de-sao-paulo-e-critica-maduro/|title=PSB aprova saída de Foro de São Paulo e critica Maduro|last=Morais|first=Esmael|date=2019-08-30|website=Blog do Esmael|language=pt-BR|access-date=2019-10-22}}</ref> |
||
In 2022, [[Geraldo Alckmin]] joined the Brazilian Socialist Party and ran as Lula's running mate in the [[2022 Brazilian general election|2022 general election]], winning the run-off. |
|||
== International relations == |
== International relations == |
||
Despite being a socialist party, the PSB has never been a member of the [[Socialist International]] (position held by the [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|Democratic Labour Party]]). However, in 2013, it joined the newly formed [[Progressive Alliance]]. |
Despite being a socialist party, the PSB has never been a member of the [[Socialist International]] (position held by the [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|Democratic Labour Party]]). However, in 2013, it joined the newly formed [[Progressive Alliance]]. |
||
In 1991 the party joined the [[Foro de São Paulo|Foro de Sao Paulo]], an association of South American leftist parties which also included the majority of Brazilian left-wing formations ([[Brazilian Communist Party|PCB]], [[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]], [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]], [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|PDT]] and, until 2004, [[Cidadania|PPS]]). However, in 2019 PSB withdrew from the Foro, denouncing its support for the regime of [[Nicolás Maduro|Nicolas Maduro]] in [[Venezuela]].<ref name="Morais"/> |
In 1991, the party joined the [[Foro de São Paulo|Foro de Sao Paulo]], an association of South American leftist parties which also included the majority of Brazilian left-wing formations ([[Brazilian Communist Party|PCB]], [[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]], [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]], [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|PDT]] and, until 2004, [[Cidadania|PPS]]). However, in 2019 PSB withdrew from the Foro, denouncing its support for the regime of [[Nicolás Maduro|Nicolas Maduro]] in [[Venezuela]].<ref name="Morais"/> |
||
==Election results== |
==Election results== |
||
Line 106: | Line 112: | ||
!'''%''' |
!'''%''' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2" |[[1950 Brazilian general election|1950]] |
|||
|[[João Mangabeira]] (PSB) |
|[[João Mangabeira]] (PSB) |
||
|''None'' |
|''None'' |
||
Line 121: | Line 127: | ||
|0,15% (#5) |
|0,15% (#5) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2" |[[1955 Brazilian presidential election|1955]] |
|||
|[[Juarez Távora ( |
|[[Juarez Távora (general)|Juarez Távora]] ([[National Democratic Union (Brazil)|UDN]]) |
||
|''None'' |
|''None'' |
||
| rowspan="2" |[[National Democratic Union (Brazil)|UDN]]; [[Christian Democratic Party (Brazil)|PDC]]; [[Liberator Party (Brazil)|PL]]; PSB |
| rowspan="2" |[[National Democratic Union (Brazil)|UDN]]; [[Christian Democratic Party (Brazil)|PDC]]; [[Liberator Party (Brazil)|PL]]; PSB |
||
Line 133: | Line 139: | ||
|41,70% (#2) |
|41,70% (#2) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2" |[[1960 Brazilian presidential election|1960]] |
|||
|[[Henrique Teixeira Lott]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65)|PSD]]) |
|[[Henrique Teixeira Lott]] ([[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65)|PSD]]) |
||
|''None'' |
|''None'' |
||
Line 147: | Line 153: | ||
|'''Elected''' {{Y}} |
|'''Elected''' {{Y}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
![[1964 Brazilian presidential election|1964]] |
|||
| rowspan="6" |''None'' |
| rowspan="6" |''None'' |
||
| rowspan="6" |''None'' |
| rowspan="6" |''None'' |
||
Line 154: | Line 160: | ||
| rowspan="6" | - |
| rowspan="6" | - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
![[1966 Brazilian presidential election|1966]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[1969 Brazilian presidential election|1969]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[1974 Brazilian presidential election|1974]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[1978 Brazilian presidential election|1978]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[1985 Brazilian presidential election|1985]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[1989 Brazilian presidential election|1989]] |
|||
| rowspan="3" |[[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] ([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]) |
| rowspan="3" |[[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] ([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]) |
||
|[[José Paulo Bisol]] (PSB) |
|[[José Paulo Bisol]] (PSB) |
||
Line 174: | Line 180: | ||
| rowspan="4" |'''Lost''' {{Nay}} |
| rowspan="4" |'''Lost''' {{Nay}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
![[1994 Brazilian general election|1994]] |
|||
|[[Aloizio Mercadante]] ([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]) |
|[[Aloizio Mercadante]] ([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]) |
||
|[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]; PSB; [[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]]; [[Cidadania|PPS]]; [[Green Party (Brazil)|PV]]; [[Unified Workers' Socialist Party|PSTU]] |
|[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]; PSB; [[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]]; [[Cidadania|PPS]]; [[Green Party (Brazil)|PV]]; [[Unified Workers' Socialist Party|PSTU]] |
||
Line 182: | Line 188: | ||
| rowspan="4" | - |
| rowspan="4" | - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
![[1998 Brazilian general election|1998]] |
|||
|[[Leonel Brizola]] ([[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|PDT]]) |
|[[Leonel Brizola]] ([[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|PDT]]) |
||
|[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]; [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|PDT]]; PSB; [[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]]; [[Brazilian Communist Party|PCB]] |
|[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]; [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|PDT]]; PSB; [[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]]; [[Brazilian Communist Party|PCB]] |
||
Line 188: | Line 194: | ||
|31.7% (#2) |
|31.7% (#2) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
![[2002 Brazilian general election|2002]] |
|||
|[[Anthony Garotinho]] (PSB) |
|[[Anthony Garotinho]] (PSB) |
||
|[[José Antônio Figueiredo]] (PSB) |
|[[José Antônio Figueiredo]] (PSB) |
||
Line 195: | Line 201: | ||
|17.86% (#3) |
|17.86% (#3) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
![[2006 Brazilian presidential election|2006]] |
|||
|''None'' |
|''None'' |
||
|''None'' |
|''None'' |
||
Line 203: | Line 209: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
![[2010 Brazilian presidential election|2010]] |
|||
|[[Dilma Rousseff]] ([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]) |
|[[Dilma Rousseff]] ([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]) |
||
|[[Michel Temer]] ([[Brazilian Democratic Movement|PMDB]]) |
|[[Michel Temer]] ([[Brazilian Democratic Movement|PMDB]]) |
||
Line 213: | Line 219: | ||
|'''Elected''' {{Y}} |
|'''Elected''' {{Y}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
![[2014 Brazilian presidential election|2014]] |
|||
|Marina Silva (PSB) |
|[[Marina Silva]] (PSB) |
||
|[[Beto Albuquerque]] (PSB) |
|[[Beto Albuquerque]] (PSB) |
||
|PSB; [[Humanist Party of Solidarity (Brazil)|PHS]]; [[Progressive Republican Party (Brazil)|PRP]]; [[Cidadania|PPS]]; [[Free Fatherland Party (Brazil)|PPL]]; [[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|PSL]] |
|PSB; [[Humanist Party of Solidarity (Brazil)|PHS]]; [[Progressive Republican Party (Brazil)|PRP]]; [[Cidadania|PPS]]; [[Free Fatherland Party (Brazil)|PPL]]; [[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|PSL]] |
||
Line 223: | Line 229: | ||
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}} |
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
![[2018 Brazilian presidential election|2018]] |
|||
|''None'' |
|''None'' |
||
|''None'' |
|''None'' |
||
Line 231: | Line 237: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
![[2022 Brazilian general election|2022]] |
|||
|[[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] ([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]) |
|[[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] ([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]) |
||
|[[Geraldo Alckmin]] (PSB) |
|[[Geraldo Alckmin]] (PSB) |
||
|[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]; [[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]]; [[Green Party (Brazil)|PV]]; [[Socialism and Liberty Party|PSOL]]; [[Sustainability Network|REDE]]; PSB; [[Solidariedade]]; [[Avante (political party)|Avante]]; [[Act (Brazil)|Agir]] |
|[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]; [[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]]; [[Green Party (Brazil)|PV]]; [[Socialism and Liberty Party|PSOL]]; [[Sustainability Network|REDE]]; PSB; [[Solidariedade]]; [[Avante (political party)|Avante]]; [[Act (Brazil)|Agir]] |
||
|57,259,504 |
|57,259,504 |
||
|48.43% |
|48.43% (#1) |
||
|60,345,999 |
|||
| |
|||
|50.90% (#1) |
|||
| |
|||
|'''Elected''' {{Y}} |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
=== |
===Chamber of Deputies and Senate elections=== |
||
{| |
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center |
||
!rowspan="2"|Election |
|||
!colspan="4"|[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] |
|||
!colspan="4"|[[Brazilian Senate|Federal Senate]] |
|||
!rowspan="2"|'''Role in government''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!'''Votes''' |
|||
! rowspan=2|Election |
|||
!'''%''' |
|||
! colspan=3|[[Chamber of Deputies of Brazil|Chamber of Deputies]] |
|||
!'''Seats''' |
|||
! colspan=2|[[Senate of Brazil|Senate]] |
|||
!+/– |
|||
! rowspan=2|Role |
|||
!'''Votes''' |
|||
!'''%''' |
|||
!'''Seats''' |
|||
!+/– |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
![[1986 Brazilian legislative election|1986]] |
|||
! %<br />of votes |
|||
|align="center"|450,948 |
|||
! #<br />of seats |
|||
|align="center"|0.95% |
|||
! +/– |
|||
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|1|487|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
! #<br />of seats |
|||
|New |
|||
! +/– |
|||
|N/A |
|||
|N/A |
|||
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|0|49|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
|New |
|||
|{{no2|Opposition}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
![[1990 Brazilian legislative election|1990]] |
||
| |
|align="center"|756,034 |
||
|align="center"|1.87% |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|1|487 |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|11|502|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
||
| |
|{{increase}} 10 |
||
|N/A |
|||
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | N/A |
|||
|N/A |
|||
| {{steady}} 0 |
|||
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|0|31|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
| {{no2|in opposition}} |
|||
|{{steady}} 0 |
|||
|{{no2|Opposition}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
![[1994 Brazilian general election|1994]] |
||
| |
|align="center"|995,298 |
||
|align="center"|2.18% |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|11|502 |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|15|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
||
| |
|{{increase}} 4 |
||
|align="center"|2,336,549 |
|||
| {{steady}} 0 |
|||
|align="center"|2.44% |
|||
| {{no2|in opposition}} |
|||
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|1|54|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
|{{increase}} 1 |
|||
|{{no2|Opposition}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
![[1998 Brazilian general election|1998]] |
||
| |
|align="center"|2,273,751 |
||
|align="center"|3.41% |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|15|513 |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|19|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
||
| |
|{{increase}} 4 |
||
|align="center"|3,949,025 |
|||
| {{steady}} 0 |
|||
|align="center"|6.39% |
|||
| {{no2|in opposition}} |
|||
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|3|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
|{{increase}} 2 |
|||
|{{no2|Opposition}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
![[2002 Brazilian general election|2002]] |
||
| |
|align="center"|4,616,674 |
||
|align="center"|5.28% |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|19|513 |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|style="text-align:center;" |{{composition bar|22|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
||
| |
|{{increase}} 3 |
||
|align="center"|3,389,139 |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|3|81 |
|||
|align="center" |2.21% |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|4|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
| {{increase}} 2 |
|||
|{{increase}} 1 |
|||
| {{no2|in opposition}} |
|||
|{{no2|Opposition}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
![[2006 Brazilian general election|2006]] |
||
| |
|align="center"|5,732,464 |
||
|align="center"|6.15% |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|22|513 |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|27|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
||
| |
|{{increase}} 5 |
||
|align="center"|2,143,355 |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|4|81 |
|||
|align="center"|2.54% |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" |{{composition bar|3|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
| {{increase}} 1 |
|||
|{{decrease}} 1 |
|||
| {{no2|in opposition}} |
|||
|{{yes2|Coalition}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
![[2010 Brazilian legislative election|2010]] |
||
| |
|align="center"|6,851,053 |
||
|align="center"|7.09% |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|27|513 |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|34|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
||
| |
|{{increase}} 7 |
||
|align="center"|6,129,463 |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|3|81 |
|||
|align="center"|3.60% |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|3|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
| {{decrease}} 1 |
|||
|{{steady}} 0 |
|||
| {{yes2|in coalition}} |
|||
|{{yes2|Coalition}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
!rowspan="2"|[[2014 Brazilian general election|2014]] |
||
| align="center" |
|rowspan="2" align="center"|6,267,878 |
||
|rowspan=2 align="center"|6.44% |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|34|513 |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|34|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
||
| |
|rowspan=2|{{steady}} 0 |
||
|rowspan="2" align="center"|12,123,194 |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|3|81 |
|||
|rowspan=2 align="center"|13.57% |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|7|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
| {{steady}} 0 |
|||
|rowspan=2|{{increase}} 4 |
|||
| {{yes2|in coalition}} |
|||
|{{partial|Independent {{small|(2014–2016)}}}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{no2|Opposition {{small|(2016–2018)}}}} |
|||
! [[2014 Brazilian general election|2014]] |
|||
| align="center" | 6.5 |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|34|513 |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
| {{steady}} 0 |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|7|81 |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
| {{increase}} 4 |
|||
| {{no2|in opposition}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
![[2018 Brazilian general election|2018]] |
||
| |
|align="center"|5,386,400 |
||
|align="center"|5.48% |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|32|513 |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|32|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
||
| |
|{{decrease}} 2 |
||
|align="center"|8,234,195 |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|2|81 |
|||
|align="center"|4.80% |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|2|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
| {{decrease}} 5 |
|||
|{{decrease}} 5 |
|||
| {{no2|in opposition}} |
|||
|{{no2|Opposition}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
![[2022 Brazilian general election|2022]] |
||
| |
|align="center"|4,202,376 |
||
|align="center"|3.81% |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|14|513 |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|14|513|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
||
| |
|{{decrease}} 18 |
||
|align="center"|13,615,846 |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" | {{Infobox political party/seats|1|81 |
|||
|align="center"|13.39% |
|||
|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|1|81|hex={{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}}}} |
|||
| {{steady}} 0 |
|||
| |
|{{decrease}} 1 |
||
|{{yes2|Coalition}} |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
{{Notelist}} |
|||
===Prominent Members=== |
|||
* [[Geraldo Alckmin]], Vice-president of the [[Federative Republic of Brazil]] and Minister of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade |
|||
* [[Flávio Dino]], Senator of the Republic for the state of [[Maranhão]] and Minister of Justice |
|||
* [[Marcelo Freixo]] Former Federal Deputy (the equivalent to the U.S Congressman and UK's Member of Parliament) and History Professor in the [[Fluminense Federal University]] |
|||
* [[Renato Casagrande]] Governor of [[Espírito Santo]] |
|||
* [[João Azevêdo]] Governor of [[Paraíba]] |
|||
* [[Tabata Amaral]] Federal Deputy (Representative) for the state of [[São Paulo]] and education activist |
|||
* [[Flávio Arns]] Senator of the Republic for the State of [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] |
|||
* [[Augusto de Arruda Botelho]] Brazilian jurist, Law Professor, writer, Human Rights activist and current National Justice Secretary |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
Line 363: | Line 400: | ||
[[Category:1947 establishments in Brazil]] |
[[Category:1947 establishments in Brazil]] |
||
[[Category:Centre-left parties in South America]] |
|||
[[Category:Political parties established in 1947]] |
[[Category:Political parties established in 1947]] |
||
[[Category:Progressive Alliance]] |
[[Category:Progressive Alliance]] |
||
[[Category:Socialist parties in Brazil]] |
|||
[[Category:Social democratic parties in Brazil]] |
[[Category:Social democratic parties in Brazil]] |
Revision as of 16:29, 23 June 2024
![]() | It has been suggested that this article should be split into articles titled Brazilian Socialist Party and Brazilian Socialist Party (1947). (discuss) (October 2022) |
Brazilian Socialist Party Partido Socialista Brasileiro | |
---|---|
![]() | |
President | Carlos Siqueira |
Gegründet | Current: 2 July 1989 Historical: 6 August 1947 |
Split from | National Democratic Union |
Hauptsitz | SCLN 304, bloco "A", Entrada 63, sobreloja Brasília, Brazil |
Newspaper | Folha Socialista (1947–1964) |
Membership | 648,012[1] |
Ideology | |
Political position | Centre-left |
Regional affiliation | Foro de Sao Paulo (1991–2019) |
International affiliation | Progressive Alliance[3] |
Colours | Red Orange Yellow |
TSE Identification Number | 40 |
Chamber of Deputies | 14 / 513 |
Federal Senate | 4 / 81 |
Governorships | 3 / 27 |
State Assemblies | 71 / 1,059 |
Mayors | 327 / 5,566 |
City councillors | 3,484 / 51,748 |
Website | |
www | |
The Brazilian Socialist Party (Portuguese: Partido Socialista Brasileiro, PSB) is a political party in Brazil. It was founded in 1947, before being abolished by the military regime in 1965 and re-organised in 1989 after the re-democratisation of Brazil. It elected six Governors in 2010, becoming the second largest party in number of state governments, behind only PSDB. In addition to that, it won 34 seats in the Chamber of Deputies[4] and three seats in the Senate,[5] besides having been a member of the For Brazil to Keep on Changing coalition, which elected Dilma Rousseff as President of Brazil.
History
First PSB (1947–1965)
The name Brazilian Socialist Party or variants had been used by several small socialist parties of brief existence prior to the foundation of PSB on 1947.
PSB has its origins at the end of Getúlio Vargas' Estado Novo regime, when the Democratic Left (Esquerda Democrática – ED) emerged as a faction of the National Democratic Union (União Democrática Nacional – UDN) in 1945.[6] Its goals were to combine the social changes of the period with broad civil and political liberties.[6] ED's ideology was based on a broad left-wing concept: it advocated that socialism had to be built gradually and legally, through the defence of democracy and a national identity.[6] In this sense, it differed greatly from other opposition parties, such as UDN, which advocated free market policies, and the Communist Party (PCB), which advocated the authoritarian socialism of the Soviet Union.[6]
As UDN became increasingly a right-leaning party, binding itself with the Brazilian Army[7] and the aspirations of urban middle classes,[8] ED's Socialist proposals were extremely at odds with the party, which led to a split and the subsequent foundation of PSB. On 6 August 1947, the Brazilian Socialist Party was founded, maintaining the same program and proposals it had as a faction of the UDN.[6] In its 1947 manifesto, the PSB sought to represent an alternative to the main left-wing parties of that period: Vargas' Brazilian Labour Party (PTB) and the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB). PSB opposed the centralism and authoritarianism of Vargas, as well as the rigid labour union structure supported by PTB. They opposed PCB's cult of personality and radical Marxism, which placed the PSB in the centre-left to left-wing spectrum, between radical Marxism and social democracy.
PSB proposed to be a party of "everyone who relies on their own work".[6] It advocated immediate reforms, such as the nationalisation of economically strategic areas, the expansion of workers' rights, the ensuring of public health and education, and the development of democracy through means of popular participation.[6] Its structure brought a new experience which characterised PSB's democratic profile: the Base Centres (núcleos de base).[6] Through them, Socialist militants could get involved in the party project, discuss national issues and form the orientation and the target of partisan action.[6]
In the 1950 election, PSB's candidate, João Mangabeira won only 0.12% of the vote and the PSB elected only one deputy from Sergipe. At the same time, the PSB approached the PCB, banned in 1947 and operating underground. A number of communists ran for office under the PSB's endorsement.
In the 1955 election, the PSB endorsed the UDN candidate, Juarez Távora. In São Paulo, the PSB supported the electoral endeavors of Jânio Quadros: first in the São Paulo mayoral election in 1953 and Quadros' successful bid for Governor in 1954. However, the PSB's support for Quadros, a rather middle-class reformer, split the party, a split which ended with the expulsion of Quadros supporters from the party. In the 1960 election, won by Quadros, the PSB supported the candidacy of Henrique Teixeira Lott.
The PSB had limited legislative representation between 1947 and 1964, but in 1962 it elected one Senator, Aurélio Viana defeated the UDN's candidate, Juracy Magalhães in Guanabara State.
The party supported left-wing President João Goulart, who was overthrown by the military in 1964, which later abolished all parties, including the PSB, in 1965. Most Socialists joined the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), the only opposition party recognised by the military regime.[6] Following the fall of the military in 1985, a number of former PSB members joined the Democratic Labour Party or the Workers' Party (PT).
Second PSB (1989–present)
Following the return to a democracy in the country, a Brazilian Socialist Party was re-organised on the 1947 manifesto. At first, it achieved limited electoral success, though it elected some legislators and mayors. In the 1989 presidential election, it supported the PT candidate, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
In 1990, Pernambuco Governor Miguel Arraes joined the party, giving the PSB a certain electoral boost in subsequent elections. In the 1994 election, the party again endorsed Lula. In the same election, Arraes was re-elected Governor with 54% by the first round, and the PSB elected another governor, João Capiberibe, in Amapá, as well as a Senator in Pará. The party continued to grow with the adhesion of several officeholders in 1995 and 1996, but it did not endorse the left-wing candidacy of Ciro Gomes in the 1998 election, preferring to endorse Lula. The same year, Arraes was defeated in Pernambuco but the party gained the governorship of Alagoas.
In 2000, the Governor of Rio de Janeiro, Anthony Garotinho joined the PSB following a feud with Leonel Brizola, the leader of the Democratic Labour Party. The adhesion of Garotinho caused several members of the PSB to leave the party to join Lula's PT. The PSB supported Garotinho's candidacy in the 2002 election, winning 17.9% in the first round.
However, Garotinho's membership proved a source of controversy and division, notably with President Lula's government. The split was resolved when Garotinho left the party in 2003. The party unofficially supported Lula's re-election in 2006 and won 27 deputies in the 2006 election. After that election, the PSB had three Governors: Cid Gomes (Ceará), Eduardo Campos (Pernambuco) and Wilma de Faria (Rio Grande do Norte).
Ciro Gomes joined the PSB in 2003, and was expected to be the PSB's candidate in the 2010 election; however, the PSB decided not to run a presidential candidate.
The PSB did well overall in the 2010 elections; it picked up 7 seats in the Chamber of Deputies for a total of 34 seats, and regained representation in the Senate, winning 3 Senate seats. While it lost the governorship of Rio Grande do Norte, it easily retained the governorships of Ceará and Pernambuco and also overwhelmingly won the governorship of Espírito Santo. Following runoffs, it also won the governorships of Amapá, Paraíba, and Piauí, for a total of six state governorships.
Despite its socialist name and identity, the PSB was criticised by many on the Brazilian political scene, especially on the left, for its efforts to attract right-wing Brazilian politicians like senator Heraclito Fortes, and to support the candidacy of Eduardo Campos and, later, Marina Silva. These positions led many traditional socialists and social-democrats in Brazil to leave the party for more left-wing outfits such as the PSOL and PDT.
In 2014 general elections, the PSB did not support Rousseff and was part of the United for Brazil coalition, which supported Marina Silva as its presidential candidate. It advocated greater economic stability, low inflation, high economic growth, sustainable development, and social welfare programs.[9] The party did well in the legislative elections, electing 34 deputies and seven senators.
The party later voted in favour of the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff and formed a coalition government with Brazil's new president, Michel Temer.
In May 2017, the PSB withdrew its support from Temer and went into opposition.[10]
In the 2018 general election, PSB did not support any candidate (although some members of the party supported Ciro Gomes of the Democratic Labour Party) in the first round; it later endorsed Fernando Haddad of the Workers' Party in the second round.[citation needed] The party saw a decrease in support in the parliamentary election, winning 32 deputies and two senators. PSB later joined the opposition to Jair Bolsonaro.
On 30 August 2019, the Brazilian Socialist Party withdrew from the Foro de Sao Paulo, denouncing its support of Nicolas Maduro's presidency.[11]
In 2022, Geraldo Alckmin joined the Brazilian Socialist Party and ran as Lula's running mate in the 2022 general election, winning the run-off.
International relations
Despite being a socialist party, the PSB has never been a member of the Socialist International (position held by the Democratic Labour Party). However, in 2013, it joined the newly formed Progressive Alliance.
In 1991, the party joined the Foro de Sao Paulo, an association of South American leftist parties which also included the majority of Brazilian left-wing formations (PCB, PCdoB, PT, PDT and, until 2004, PPS). However, in 2019 PSB withdrew from the Foro, denouncing its support for the regime of Nicolas Maduro in Venezuela.[11]
Election results
Presidential elections
Election | Candidate | Running mate | Colligation | First round | Second round | Result | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | |||||
1950 | João Mangabeira (PSB) | None | None | 9,466 | 0.12% (#4) | - | - | Lost ![]() |
None | Alípio Correia Neto (PSB) | 10,800 | 0,15% (#5) | |||||
1955 | Juarez Távora (UDN) | None | UDN; PDC; PL; PSB | 2,610,462 | 30.27% (#2) | |||
None | Milton Campos (UDN) | 3,384,739 | 41,70% (#2) | |||||
1960 | Henrique Teixeira Lott (PSD) | None | PSD; PTB; PST; PSB; PRT | 3,846,825 | 32.94% (#2) | |||
None | João Goulart (PTB) | PTB; PSD; PST; PSB; PRT | 4,547,010 | 36,10% (#1) | Elected ![]() | |||
1964 | None | None | - | - | - | |||
1966 | ||||||||
1969 | ||||||||
1974 | ||||||||
1978 | ||||||||
1985 | ||||||||
1989 | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) | José Paulo Bisol (PSB) | PT; PSB; PCdoB | 11,622,673 | 16.1% (#2) | 31,076,364 | 47.0% (#2) | Lost ![]() |
1994 | Aloizio Mercadante (PT) | PT; PSB; PCdoB; PPS; PV; PSTU | 17,122,127 | 27.0% (#2) | - | - | ||
1998 | Leonel Brizola (PDT) | PT; PDT; PSB; PCdoB; PCB | 21,475,211 | 31.7% (#2) | ||||
2002 | Anthony Garotinho (PSB) | José Antônio Figueiredo (PSB) | PSB; PGT; PTC | 15,180,097 | 17.86% (#3) | |||
2006 | None | None | None | - | - | - | ||
2010 | Dilma Rousseff (PT) | Michel Temer (PMDB) | PT; PMDB; PR; PSB; PDT; PCdoB; PSC; PRB; PTC; PTN | 47,651,434 | 46.9% (#1) | 55,752,529 | 56.1% (#1) | Elected ![]() |
2014 | Marina Silva (PSB) | Beto Albuquerque (PSB) | PSB; PHS; PRP; PPS; PPL; PSL | 22,176,619 | 21.32% (#3) | - | - | Lost ![]() |
2018 | None | None | None | - | - | - | ||
2022 | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) | Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) | PT; PCdoB; PV; PSOL; REDE; PSB; Solidariedade; Avante; Agir | 57,259,504 | 48.43% (#1) | 60,345,999 | 50.90% (#1) | Elected ![]() |
Chamber of Deputies and Senate elections
Election | Chamber of Deputies | Federal Senate | Role in government | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | ||
1986 | 450,948 | 0.95% | 1 / 487
|
New | K.A. | K.A. | 0 / 49
|
New | Opposition |
1990 | 756,034 | 1.87% | 11 / 502
|
![]() |
K.A. | K.A. | 0 / 31
|
![]() |
Opposition |
1994 | 995,298 | 2.18% | 15 / 513
|
![]() |
2,336,549 | 2.44% | 1 / 54
|
![]() |
Opposition |
1998 | 2,273,751 | 3.41% | 19 / 513
|
![]() |
3,949,025 | 6.39% | 3 / 81
|
![]() |
Opposition |
2002 | 4,616,674 | 5.28% | 22 / 513
|
![]() |
3,389,139 | 2.21% | 4 / 81
|
![]() |
Opposition |
2006 | 5,732,464 | 6.15% | 27 / 513
|
![]() |
2,143,355 | 2.54% | 3 / 81
|
![]() |
Coalition |
2010 | 6,851,053 | 7.09% | 34 / 513
|
![]() |
6,129,463 | 3.60% | 3 / 81
|
![]() |
Coalition |
2014 | 6,267,878 | 6.44% | 34 / 513
|
![]() |
12,123,194 | 13.57% | 7 / 81
|
![]() |
Independent (2014–2016) |
Opposition (2016–2018) | |||||||||
2018 | 5,386,400 | 5.48% | 32 / 513
|
![]() |
8,234,195 | 4.80% | 2 / 81
|
![]() |
Opposition |
2022 | 4,202,376 | 3.81% | 14 / 513
|
![]() |
13,615,846 | 13.39% | 1 / 81
|
![]() |
Coalition |
Prominent Members
- Geraldo Alckmin, Vice-president of the Federative Republic of Brazil and Minister of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade
- Flávio Dino, Senator of the Republic for the state of Maranhão and Minister of Justice
- Marcelo Freixo Former Federal Deputy (the equivalent to the U.S Congressman and UK's Member of Parliament) and History Professor in the Fluminense Federal University
- Renato Casagrande Governor of Espírito Santo
- João Azevêdo Governor of Paraíba
- Tabata Amaral Federal Deputy (Representative) for the state of São Paulo and education activist
- Flávio Arns Senator of the Republic for the State of Paraná
- Augusto de Arruda Botelho Brazilian jurist, Law Professor, writer, Human Rights activist and current National Justice Secretary
References
- ^ http://inter04.tse.jus.br/ords/dwtse/f?p=2001:104:::NO[permanent dead link]:::
- ^ "Direita ou esquerda? Análise de votações indica posição de partidos brasileiros no espectro ideológico". BBC News Brasil.
- ^ "Participants | Progressive Alliance". Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- ^ (in Portuguese) "Saiba a nova composição da Câmara". G1. 4 October 2010.
- ^ (in Portuguese) "Partidos aliados de Dilma elegem mais senadores que a oposição" Archived 7 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine. R7. 4 October 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j (in Portuguese) História do PSB. Brazilian Socialist Party official website. Archived 3 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ (in Portuguese) Gaio, André Moysés. "Affinities Between the National Democratic Union (UDN) and the Brazilian Army" Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Diálogos. Maringá State University. Department of History.
- ^ (in Portuguese) "Dicionário Político – União Democrática Nacional (UDN)". Marxists Internet Archive. Reproduced from CPDOC/Fundação Getulio Vargas.
- ^ (in Portuguese) "Chapa Unidos pelo Brasil oficializa apoio a Eduardo Campos"
- ^ "PSB anuncia oposição ao governo Michel Temer e passa a defender renúncia". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 27 June 2018.
- ^ a b Morais, Esmael (30 August 2019). "PSB aprova saída de Foro de São Paulo e critica Maduro". Blog do Esmael (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 22 October 2019.