Demographics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox place demographics|image=File:Democratic Republic of the Congo single age population pyramid 2020.png|place=[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]|image_size=350|caption=[[Population pyramid]] of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2020|size_of_population={{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} ({{UN_Population|Year}} est.)|nation=Congolese|official=French|age_0–14_years=46.38%|age_65_years=2.47%|birth=40.08 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)|growth=3.14% (2022 est.)|death=7.94 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)|net_migration=-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)|sr_under_15=1.01 male(s)/female|sr_at_birth=1.03 male(s)/female|sr_65_years_over=0.6 male(s)/female|total_mf_ratio=1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)|infant_mortality=60.85 deaths/1,000 live births|life=61.83 years|life_male=60.03 years|life_female=63.69 years|fertility=5.63 children born/woman (2022 est.)}}[[File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_population.svg|350px|alt=|thumb|upright=1.4|Democratic Republic of the Congos population between 1960 and 2017.]] |
{{Infobox place demographics|image=File:Democratic Republic of the Congo single age population pyramid 2020.png|place=[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]|image_size=350|caption=[[Population pyramid]] of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2020|size_of_population={{UN_Population|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} ({{UN_Population|Year}} est.)|nation=Congolese|official=French|age_0–14_years=46.38%|age_65_years=2.47%|birth=40.08 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)|growth=3.14% (2022 est.)|death=7.94 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)|net_migration=-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)|sr_under_15=1.01 male(s)/female|sr_at_birth=1.03 male(s)/female|sr_65_years_over=0.6 male(s)/female|total_mf_ratio=1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)|infant_mortality=60.85 deaths/1,000 live births|life=61.83 years|life_male=60.03 years|life_female=63.69 years|fertility=5.63 children born/woman (2022 est.)}}[[File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_population.svg|350px|alt=|thumb|upright=1.4|Democratic Republic of the Congos population between 1960 and 2017.]] |
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[[demography|Demographic]] features of the [[population]] of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] include [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], education level, health, [[Socioeconomic status|economic status]], [[Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|religious]] affiliations and other aspects of the population. |
|||
As many as 250 [[ethnic group]]s have been distinguished and named. The most numerous people are the [[Luba people|Luba]], [[Mongo people|Mongo]], and [[Bakongo]]. |
As many as 250 [[ethnic group]]s have been distinguished and named.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo (Kinshasa) (01/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/congokinshasa/85994.htm |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> The most numerous people are the [[Luba people|Luba]], [[Mongo people|Mongo]], and [[Bakongo|Kongo]]. |
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Although 700 local [[language]]s and [[dialect]]s are spoken, the linguistic variety is bridged both by the use of [[French language|French]], and the intermediary languages [[Kituba language|Kikongo ya leta]], [[Luba-Kasai language|Tshiluba]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]], and [[Lingala language|Lingala]]. |
Although 700 local [[language]]s and [[dialect]]s are spoken, the linguistic variety is bridged both by the use of [[French language|French]], and the intermediary languages [[Kituba language|Kikongo ya leta]], [[Luba-Kasai language|Tshiluba]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]], and [[Lingala language|Lingala]]. |
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Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020):<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/|title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics}}</ref> |
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Post-censal estimates.) (Provisional.):<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/|title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
|- |
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Line 259: | Line 259: | ||
===Census=== |
===Census=== |
||
The first and so far only census conducted in DR Congo dates from 1984.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://ireda.ceped.org/inventaire/ressources/cod-1984-rec-o1_resultats_provisoires.pdf| title = Recensement scientifique de la population 1984. Résultats provisoires}}</ref> |
The first and so far only census conducted in DR Congo dates from 1984.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://ireda.ceped.org/inventaire/ressources/cod-1984-rec-o1_resultats_provisoires.pdf| title = Recensement scientifique de la population 1984. Résultats provisoires}}</ref> A census is supposed to be conducted decennially, but this has been obstructed by periods of instability such as [[1991 Zaire unrest|the political reorganization in 1991]] and [[First Congo War|the civil war in 1996]].<ref name="BBC 2024">{{Cite news |last=Mbardounka |first=Chérif Ousman |date=14 May 2024 |title=Le pays africain dont les citoyens n'ont pas de carte d'identité depuis 40 ans |url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/cy633p6ezq1o |url-status=live |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=fr}}</ref> |
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In January 2015, the parliament passed a law requiring that a census be completed before the next election. Opponents said this was intended to keep [[Joseph Kabila]] in power by delaying [[2018 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election|the next election]], leading to [[19 January 2015 DRC protests|protests that caused several deaths]]. The parliament repealed the law and the census did not take place.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ross |first=Aaron |date=25 January 2015 |title=Congo parliament passes election law stripped of census requirement |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/cnews-us-congodemocratic-politics-idCAKBN0KY0Y520150125/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> |
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The second general census of population and housing is underway as of 2024.<ref name="Plan">{{Cite web |date=9 April 2024 |title=Recensement général de la population et de l'Habitat |url=https://plan.gouv.cd/projects/recensement-g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral-de-la-population-et-de-l-habitat |website=Ministère du Plan |language=fr}}</ref> President [[Félix Tshisekedi]] called for a census to improve demographic policies and to enable the creation of national identity cards.<ref name="Actualite">{{Cite news |last=Muamba |first=Clément |date=23 March 2024 |title=RDC : Félix Tshisekedi rappelle au gouvernement la nécessité d'organiser le deuxième recensement général pour " intervenir plus efficacement " en faveur des populations |url=https://actualite.cd/2024/03/23/rdc-felix-tshisekedi-rappelle-au-gouvernement-la-necessite-dorganiser-le-deuxieme |url-status=live |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[Actualite.cd]] |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="BBC 2024"/> The National Office for Population Identification (ONIP), founded in 2011, was tasked with leading the census, settling a dispute between bids by the Ministries of Interior, Planning, and Digital Technology.<ref name="BBC 2024"/> Preliminary mapping was conducted in 2018 under Minister of State [[Modeste Bahati Lukwebo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2018 |title=2nd General Census of Population and Housing in DRC: Evaluation of pilot cartography |url=https://drc.unfpa.org/en/news/2nd-general-census-population-and-housing-drc-evaluation-pilot-cartography |access-date=15 May 2024 |website=[[United Nations Population Fund]]}}</ref> Data collection began on 2 March 2020 and was scheduled to end on 10 June, but implementation was postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Responses to the 1st UNSD survey on the impact of COVID-19 |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/census/COVID-19-SurveyT1/ |access-date=15 May 2024 |website=[[United Nations Statistics Division]]}}</ref> Data collection was arranged by the Ministries of Planning, Budget, and Finance, and [[Independent National Electoral Commission (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|the electoral commission]] sent materials to the ONIP and the {{ill|National Statistics Institute (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|lt=National Statistics Institute|fr|Institut national de la statistique (république démocratique du Congo)}}.<ref name="Actualite"/> In 2022, Prime Minister [[Sama Lukonde]] issued a decree about the operations of the census.<ref name="BBC 2024"/> The government allocated the census 250 million dollars of its 2022 budget.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 October 2022 |title=RDC's government confirms general census is going ahead |url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/01/10/rdc-s-government-confirms-general-census-is-going-ahead// |url-status=live |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[Africanews]]}}</ref> The census is planned to be completed in 2025 with an expected budget of US$153,700,453.<ref name="Plan"/> |
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==Vital statistics== |
==Vital statistics== |
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Registration of vital events in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is incomplete. The [[United Nations Population Division|Population Department of the United Nations]] prepared the following estimates. |
Registration of vital events in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is incomplete. The [[United Nations Population Division|Population Department of the United Nations]] prepared the following estimates. |
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<ref name="WPP 2022">{{Cite web |title=World Population Prospects 2022 – Demographic Indicators – Compact (most used: estimates and medium projections) (XLSX, 24.07 MB) |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx|format=xlsx|access-date=2022-07-13 |website=[[United Nations Population Division]]|at=tab "Estimates"}} (found under: [https://population.un.org/wpp/ World Population Prospects 2022] – [https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ Download Files])</ref> |
<ref name="WPP 2022">{{Cite web |title=World Population Prospects 2022 – Demographic Indicators – Compact (most used: estimates and medium projections) (XLSX, 24.07 MB) |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx|format=xlsx|access-date=2022-07-13 |website=[[United Nations Population Division]]|at=tab "Estimates"}} (found under: [https://population.un.org/wpp/ World Population Prospects 2022] – [https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ Download Files])</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;" |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="width:70pt;"|Period |
! style="width:70pt;"|Period |
||
Line 278: | Line 282: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1950 |
|1950 |
||
| 566 |
| 566,000 |
||
| 326 |
| 326,000 |
||
| 239 |
| 239,000 |
||
|46.0 |
|46.0 |
||
|26.6 |
|26.6 |
||
|19.5 |
|19.5 |
||
|5.97 |
|style="color:red" |5.97 |
||
|179.9 |
|179.9 |
||
|38.31 |
|38.31 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|1951 |
|1951 |
||
| 579 |
| 579,000 |
||
| 328 |
| 328,000 |
||
| 251 |
| 251,000 |
||
|46.1 |
|46.1 |
||
|26.2 |
|26.2 |
||
Line 300: | Line 304: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1952 |
|1952 |
||
| 592 |
| 592,000 |
||
| 327 |
| 327,000 |
||
| 264 |
| 264,000 |
||
|46.2 |
|46.2 |
||
|25.6 |
|25.6 |
||
Line 311: | Line 315: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1953 |
|1953 |
||
| 607 |
| 607,000 |
||
| 329 |
| 329,000 |
||
| 278 |
| 278,000 |
||
|46.4 |
|46.4 |
||
|25.1 |
|25.1 |
||
Line 322: | Line 326: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1954 |
|1954 |
||
| 619 |
| 619,000 |
||
| 330 |
| 330,000 |
||
| 289 |
| 289,000 |
||
|46.3 |
|46.3 |
||
|24.7 |
|24.7 |
||
Line 333: | Line 337: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1955 |
|1955 |
||
| 632 |
| 632,000 |
||
| 333 |
| 333,000 |
||
| 299 |
| 299,000 |
||
|46.3 |
|46.3 |
||
|24.4 |
|24.4 |
||
Line 344: | Line 348: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1956 |
|1956 |
||
| 646 |
| 646,000 |
||
| 336 |
| 336,000 |
||
| 311 |
| 311,000 |
||
|46.4 |
|46.4 |
||
|24.1 |
|24.1 |
||
Line 355: | Line 359: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1957 |
|1957 |
||
| 663 |
| 663,000 |
||
| 338 |
| 338,000 |
||
| 325 |
| 325,000 |
||
|46.5 |
|46.5 |
||
|23.7 |
|23.7 |
||
Line 366: | Line 370: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1958 |
|1958 |
||
| 681 |
| 681,000 |
||
| 343 |
| 343,000 |
||
| 338 |
| 338,000 |
||
|46.7 |
|46.7 |
||
|23.5 |
|23.5 |
||
Line 377: | Line 381: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1959 |
|1959 |
||
| 698 |
| 698,000 |
||
| 348 |
| 348,000 |
||
| 349 |
| 349,000 |
||
|46.8 |
|46.8 |
||
|23.4 |
|23.4 |
||
Line 388: | Line 392: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1960 |
|1960 |
||
| 716 |
| 716,000 |
||
| 354 |
| 354,000 |
||
| 362 |
| 362,000 |
||
|46.9 |
|46.9 |
||
|23.2 |
|23.2 |
||
Line 399: | Line 403: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1961 |
|1961 |
||
| 738 |
| 738,000 |
||
| 370 |
| 370,000 |
||
| 368 |
| 368,000 |
||
|47.1 |
|47.1 |
||
|23.6 |
|23.6 |
||
Line 410: | Line 414: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1962 |
|1962 |
||
| 761 |
| 761,000 |
||
| 378 |
| 378,000 |
||
| 383 |
| 383,000 |
||
|47.4 |
|47.4 |
||
|23.5 |
|23.5 |
||
Line 421: | Line 425: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1963 |
|1963 |
||
| 785 |
| 785,000 |
||
| 385 |
| 385,000 |
||
| 400 |
| 400,000 |
||
|47.5 |
|47.5 |
||
|23.3 |
|23.3 |
||
Line 432: | Line 436: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1964 |
|1964 |
||
| 808 |
| 808,000 |
||
| 403 |
| 403,000 |
||
| 406 |
| 406,000 |
||
|47.7 |
|47.7 |
||
|23.8 |
|23.8 |
||
Line 443: | Line 447: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1965 |
|1965 |
||
| 833 |
| 833,000 |
||
| 404 |
| 404,000 |
||
| 429 |
| 429,000 |
||
|47.9 |
|47.9 |
||
|23.2 |
|23.2 |
||
Line 454: | Line 458: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1966 |
|1966 |
||
| 859 |
| 859,000 |
||
| 397 |
| 397,000 |
||
| 462 |
| 462,000 |
||
|47.9 |
|47.9 |
||
|22.1 |
|22.1 |
||
Line 465: | Line 469: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1967 |
|1967 |
||
| 885 |
| 885,000 |
||
| 405 |
| 405,000 |
||
| 480 |
| 480,000 |
||
|style="color:blue" | 48.0 |
|||
|48.0 |
|||
|21.9 |
|21.9 |
||
|26.0 |
|26.0 |
||
Line 476: | Line 480: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1968 |
|1968 |
||
| 910 |
| 910,000 |
||
| 411 |
| 411,000 |
||
| 500 |
| 500,000 |
||
|47.9 |
|47.9 |
||
|21.6 |
|21.6 |
||
Line 487: | Line 491: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1969 |
|1969 |
||
| 935 |
| 935,000 |
||
| 418 |
| 418,000 |
||
| 517 |
| 517,000 |
||
|47.8 |
|47.8 |
||
|21.4 |
|21.4 |
||
Line 498: | Line 502: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1970 |
|1970 |
||
| 959 |
| 959,000 |
||
| 425 |
| 425,000 |
||
| 534 |
| 534,000 |
||
|47.6 |
|47.6 |
||
|21.1 |
|21.1 |
||
Line 509: | Line 513: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1971 |
|1971 |
||
| 985 |
| 985,000 |
||
| 431 |
| 431,000 |
||
| 554 |
| 554,000 |
||
|47.5 |
|47.5 |
||
|20.8 |
|20.8 |
||
Line 520: | Line 524: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1972 |
|1972 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,006,000 |
||
| 437 |
| 437,000 |
||
| 569 |
| 569,000 |
||
|47.3 |
|47.3 |
||
|20.5 |
|20.5 |
||
Line 531: | Line 535: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1973 |
|1973 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,026,000 |
||
| 445 |
| 445,000 |
||
| 582 |
| 582,000 |
||
|47.0 |
|47.0 |
||
|20.4 |
|20.4 |
||
Line 542: | Line 546: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1974 |
|1974 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,047,000 |
||
| 451 |
| 451,000 |
||
| 597 |
| 597,000 |
||
|46.7 |
|46.7 |
||
|20.1 |
|20.1 |
||
Line 553: | Line 557: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1975 |
|1975 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,070,000 |
||
| 460 |
| 460,000 |
||
| 610 |
| 610,000 |
||
|46.4 |
|46.4 |
||
|20.0 |
|20.0 |
||
Line 564: | Line 568: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1976 |
|1976 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,091,000 |
||
| 468 |
| 468,000 |
||
| 623 |
| 623,000 |
||
|46.1 |
|46.1 |
||
|19.8 |
|19.8 |
||
Line 575: | Line 579: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1977 |
|1977 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,111,000 |
||
| 476 |
| 476,000 |
||
| 634 |
| 634,000 |
||
|45.8 |
|45.8 |
||
|19.6 |
|19.6 |
||
Line 586: | Line 590: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1978 |
|1978 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,134,000 |
||
| 491 |
| 491,000 |
||
| 643 |
| 643,000 |
||
|45.6 |
|45.6 |
||
|19.7 |
|19.7 |
||
Line 597: | Line 601: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1979 |
|1979 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,184,000 |
||
| 496 |
| 496,000 |
||
| 688 |
| 688,000 |
||
|45.9 |
|45.9 |
||
|19.2 |
|19.2 |
||
Line 608: | Line 612: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1980 |
|1980 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,227,000 |
||
| 507 |
| 507,000 |
||
| 720 |
| 720,000 |
||
|46.0 |
|46.0 |
||
|19.0 |
|19.0 |
||
Line 619: | Line 623: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1981 |
|1981 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,260,000 |
||
| 517 |
| 517,000 |
||
| 744 |
| 744,000 |
||
|45.9 |
|45.9 |
||
|18.8 |
|18.8 |
||
Line 630: | Line 634: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1982 |
|1982 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,293,000 |
||
| 526 |
| 526,000 |
||
| 766 |
| 766,000 |
||
|45.8 |
|45.8 |
||
|18.6 |
|18.6 |
||
Line 641: | Line 645: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1983 |
|1983 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,333,000 |
||
| 535 |
| 535,000 |
||
| 798 |
| 798,000 |
||
|45.9 |
|45.9 |
||
|18.5 |
|18.5 |
||
Line 652: | Line 656: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1984 |
|1984 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,377,000 |
||
| 545 |
| 545,000 |
||
| 832 |
| 832,000 |
||
|46.2 |
|46.2 |
||
|18.3 |
|18.3 |
||
Line 663: | Line 667: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1985 |
|1985 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,433,000 |
||
| 559 |
| 559,000 |
||
| 873 |
| 873,000 |
||
|46.5 |
|46.5 |
||
|18.2 |
|18.2 |
||
Line 674: | Line 678: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1986 |
|1986 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,480,000 |
||
| 571 |
| 571,000 |
||
| 910 |
| 910,000 |
||
|46.7 |
|46.7 |
||
|18.0 |
|18.0 |
||
Line 685: | Line 689: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1987 |
|1987 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,529,000 |
||
| 579 |
| 579,000 |
||
| 950 |
| 950,000 |
||
|46.8 |
|46.8 |
||
|17.7 |
|17.7 |
||
|29.1 |
|29.1 |
||
|style="color:blue" |6.74 |
|||
|6.74 |
|||
|114.9 |
|114.9 |
||
|47.34 |
|47.34 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|1988 |
|1988 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,568,000 |
||
| 588 |
| 588,000 |
||
| 980 |
| 980,000 |
||
|46.5 |
|46.5 |
||
|17.4 |
|17.4 |
||
Line 707: | Line 711: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1989 |
|1989 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,610,000 |
||
| 596 |
| 596,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,014,000 |
||
|46.3 |
|46.3 |
||
|17.1 |
|17.1 |
||
Line 718: | Line 722: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1990 |
|1990 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,652,000 |
||
| 604 |
| 604,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,047,000 |
||
|46.0 |
|46.0 |
||
|16.8 |
|16.8 |
||
Line 729: | Line 733: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1991 |
|1991 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,713,000 |
||
| 617 |
| 617,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,097,000 |
||
|46.1 |
|46.1 |
||
|16.6 |
|16.6 |
||
Line 740: | Line 744: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1992 |
|1992 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,761,000 |
||
| 629 |
| 629,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,132,000 |
||
|45.9 |
|45.9 |
||
|16.4 |
|16.4 |
||
Line 751: | Line 755: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1993 |
|1993 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,804,000 |
||
| 638 |
| 638,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,165,000 |
||
|45.7 |
|45.7 |
||
|16.2 |
|16.2 |
||
Line 762: | Line 766: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1994 |
|1994 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,878,000 |
||
| 653 |
| 653,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,225,000 |
||
|45.9 |
|45.9 |
||
|16.0 |
|16.0 |
||
Line 773: | Line 777: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1995 |
|1995 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,046,000 |
||
| 682 |
| 682,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,364,000 |
||
|47.1 |
|47.1 |
||
|15.7 |
|15.7 |
||
Line 784: | Line 788: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1996 |
|1996 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,083,000 |
||
| 730 |
| 730,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,353,000 |
||
|46.8 |
|46.8 |
||
|16.4 |
|16.4 |
||
Line 795: | Line 799: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1997 |
|1997 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,067,000 |
||
| 707 |
| 707,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,360,000 |
||
|45.8 |
|45.8 |
||
|15.7 |
|15.7 |
||
Line 806: | Line 810: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1998 |
|1998 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,071,000 |
||
| 729 |
| 729,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,342,000 |
||
|45.1 |
|45.1 |
||
|15.9 |
|15.9 |
||
Line 817: | Line 821: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|1999 |
|1999 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,128,000 |
||
| 739 |
| 739,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,389,000 |
||
|45.0 |
|45.0 |
||
|15.6 |
|15.6 |
||
Line 828: | Line 832: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2000 |
|2000 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,189,000 |
||
| 712 |
| 712,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,477,000 |
||
|45.0 |
|45.0 |
||
|14.6 |
|14.6 |
||
Line 839: | Line 843: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2001 |
|2001 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,245,000 |
||
| 721 |
| 721,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,525,000 |
||
|44.8 |
|44.8 |
||
|14.4 |
|14.4 |
||
Line 850: | Line 854: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2002 |
|2002 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,310,000 |
||
| 733 |
| 733,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,577,000 |
||
|44.7 |
|44.7 |
||
|14.2 |
|14.2 |
||
Line 861: | Line 865: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2003 |
|2003 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,372,000 |
||
| 738 |
| 738,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,634,000 |
||
|44.5 |
|44.5 |
||
|13.9 |
|13.9 |
||
Line 872: | Line 876: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2004 |
|2004 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,426,000 |
||
| 738 |
| 738,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,688,000 |
||
|44.3 |
|44.3 |
||
|13.5 |
|13.5 |
||
Line 883: | Line 887: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2005 |
|2005 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,499,000 |
||
| 743 |
| 743,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,757,000 |
||
|44.2 |
|44.2 |
||
|13.1 |
|13.1 |
||
Line 894: | Line 898: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2006 |
|2006 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,592,000 |
||
| 746 |
| 746,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,846,000 |
||
|44.4 |
|44.4 |
||
|12.8 |
|12.8 |
||
Line 905: | Line 909: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2007 |
|2007 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,675,000 |
||
| 756 |
| 756,000 |
||
| 1 |
| 1,920,000 |
||
|44.4 |
|44.4 |
||
|12.5 |
|12.5 |
||
Line 916: | Line 920: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2008 |
|2008 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,767,000 |
||
| 764 |
| 764,000 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,003,000 |
||
|44.4 |
|44.4 |
||
|12.3 |
|12.3 |
||
Line 927: | Line 931: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2009 |
|2009 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,867,000 |
||
| 771 |
| 771,000 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,096,000 |
||
|44.6 |
|44.6 |
||
|12.0 |
|12.0 |
||
Line 938: | Line 942: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2010 |
|2010 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,957,000 |
||
| 774 |
| 774,000 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,183,000 |
||
|44.5 |
|44.5 |
||
|11.7 |
|11.7 |
||
Line 949: | Line 953: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2011 |
|2011 |
||
| 3 |
| 3,069,000 |
||
| 776 |
| 776,000 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,293,000 |
||
|44.7 |
|44.7 |
||
|11.3 |
|11.3 |
||
Line 960: | Line 964: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2012 |
|2012 |
||
| 3 |
| 3,171,000 |
||
| 793 |
| 793,000 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,378,000 |
||
|44.6 |
|44.6 |
||
|11.2 |
|11.2 |
||
|style="color:blue" |33.5 |
|||
|33.5 |
|||
|6.56 |
|6.56 |
||
|68.0 |
|68.0 |
||
Line 971: | Line 975: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2013 |
|2013 |
||
| 3 |
| 3,247,000 |
||
| 797 |
| 797,000 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,450,000 |
||
|44.2 |
|44.2 |
||
|10.9 |
|10.9 |
||
Line 982: | Line 986: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2014 |
|2014 |
||
| 3 |
| 3,345,000 |
||
| 802 |
| 802,000 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,543,000 |
||
|44.0 |
|44.0 |
||
|10.6 |
|10.6 |
||
Line 993: | Line 997: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2015 |
|2015 |
||
| 3 |
| 3,433,000 |
||
| 818 |
| 818,000 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,615,000 |
||
|43.6 |
|43.6 |
||
|10.4 |
|10.4 |
||
Line 1,004: | Line 1,008: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2016 |
|2016 |
||
| 3 |
| 3,532,000 |
||
| 820 |
| 820,000 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,712,000 |
||
|43.4 |
|43.4 |
||
|10.1 |
|10.1 |
||
Line 1,015: | Line 1,019: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2017 |
|2017 |
||
| 3 |
| 3,647,000 |
||
| 832 |
| 832,000 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,815,000 |
||
|43.3 |
|43.3 |
||
|9.9 |
|9.9 |
||
Line 1,026: | Line 1,030: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2018 |
|2018 |
||
| 3 |
| 3,748,000 |
||
| 835 |
| 835,000 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,913,000 |
||
|43.0 |
|43.0 |
||
|9.6 |
|9.6 |
||
Line 1,037: | Line 1,041: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2019 |
|2019 |
||
| 3 |
| 3,839,000 |
||
| 844 |
| 844,000 |
||
| 2 |
| 2,995,000 |
||
|42.7 |
|42.7 |
||
|style="color:blue" |9.4 |
|||
|9.4 |
|||
|33.3 |
|33.3 |
||
|6.25 |
|6.25 |
||
Line 1,048: | Line 1,052: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2020 |
|2020 |
||
| 3 |
| 3,930,000 |
||
| 886 |
| 886,000 |
||
| 3 |
| 3,044,000 |
||
|42.3 |
|42.3 |
||
|9.5 |
|9.5 |
||
Line 1,059: | Line 1,063: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|2021 |
|2021 |
||
| 4 |
| 4,035,000 |
||
| 931 |
| 931,000 |
||
| 3 |
| 3,104,000 |
||
|42.0 |
|style="color:red"|42.0 |
||
|9.7 |
|9.7 |
||
|32.3 |
|32.3 |
||
Line 1,071: | Line 1,075: | ||
| colspan="10" style="text-align:left;" | *<small>CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000 people); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000 people); NC = natural change (per 1000 people), also equals CBR minus CDR; IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)</small> |
| colspan="10" style="text-align:left;" | *<small>CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000 people); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000 people); NC = natural change (per 1000 people), also equals CBR minus CDR; IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)</small> |
||
|} |
|} |
||
===Population estimates by INS=== |
|||
The Institute of National Statistics of the DRC has provided population estimates from 1984 and 2000-2019:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/cd/Anuaire-Statistique-RDC-2014.pdf|title=République Démocratique du Congo Anuaire Statistique 2014|website=undp.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/cd/UNDP-CD-ANNUAIRE-STAT.-2020-.pdf|title=République Démocratique du Congo Anuaire Statistique 2020|website=undp.org}}</ref> |
|||
*1984: 30,631,000 |
|||
*2000: 52,099,000 |
|||
*2001: 53,870,000 |
|||
*2002: 55,702,000 |
|||
*2003: 57,596,000 |
|||
*2004: 59,554,000 |
|||
*2005: 61,579,000 |
|||
*2006: 63,673,000 |
|||
*2007: 65,837,000 |
|||
*2008: 68,076,000 |
|||
*2009: 70,391,000 |
|||
*2010: 72,784,000 |
|||
*2011: 75,259,000 |
|||
*2012: 77,817,000 |
|||
*2013: 80,462,000 |
|||
*2014: 83,197,000 |
|||
*2015: 86,024,000 |
|||
*2016: 88,957,000 |
|||
*2017: 91,994,000 |
|||
*2018: 94,921,000 |
|||
*2019: 98,370,000 |
|||
===Fertility and Births=== |
===Fertility and Births=== |
||
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR) for urban and rural areas:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/1354|title=Congo, Dem. Rep. - Enquête Démographique et de Santé 2007|website=microdata.worldbank.org}}</ref> |
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR) for urban and rural areas:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/1354|title=Congo, Dem. Rep. - Enquête Démographique et de Santé 2007|website=microdata.worldbank.org}}</ref> |
||
Line 1,138: | Line 1,164: | ||
=== Life expectancy === |
=== Life expectancy === |
||
[[File: |
[[File:Life expectancy in DR Congo.svg|thumb|300px|[[Life expectancy]] in DR Congo since 1950]] |
||
[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Congo, DR -diff.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in DR Congo since 1960 by gender]] |
|||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
||
!Period |
!Period |
||
Line 1,182: | Line 1,210: | ||
|{{increase}} 58.10 |
|{{increase}} 58.10 |
||
|} |
|} |
||
{{clear}} |
|||
==Ethnic groups== |
==Ethnic groups== |
||
{{See also|Category:Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}} |
{{See also|Category:Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}} |
||
{{More citations needed section|date=May 2024}} |
|||
More than 250 ethnic groups have been identified and named, of which the majority are [[Bantu peoples|Bantu]]. The four largest groups - [[Mongo people|Mongo]], [[Luba people|Luba]], [[Kongo people|Kongo]] (all [[Bantu peoples|Bantu]]), and the [[Mangbetu people|Mangbetu]]-[[Zande people|Azande]] collectively make up about 45% of the population. 5,000 people from [[Belgium]] and 5,000 people from [[Greece]] currently live in [[DR Congo]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ausgreeknet.com/greeksaroundtheglobe.htm|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060619165420/http://www.ausgreeknet.com/greeksaroundtheglobe.htm|archive-date = 2006-06-19|title = Greeks Around the Globe}}</ref> |
|||
Over 250 ethnic groups and 450 tribes (ethnic subgroups) populate the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]]. These ethnic groups are from the [[Bantu languages|Bantu]], [[Sudanic languages|Sudanic]], [[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]], [[Ubangian languages|Ubangian]] and [[Classification of Pygmy languages|Pygmy]] linguistic groups. There is no dominant ethnic group in Congo; the following ethnic groups account for 51.5% of the population:<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Democratic Republic of Congo in Crisis | Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/blog-feed/democratic-republic-congo-crisis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513223749/https://www.hrw.org/blog-feed/democratic-republic-congo-crisis |archive-date=13 May 2021 |access-date=18 May 2021}}</ref>{{Verification failed|date=May 2024}} |
|||
[[File:Mongo family in Equateur Province.jpg|thumb|250px|A family from the [[Mongo people|Mongo ethnic group]].]] |
|||
[[File:DRC_Ethnic_Groups.png|thumb|245x245px|Breakdown of the largest ethnic groups in DRC]] |
|||
[[Bantu peoples]] (80%): |
|||
* [[Luba-Kasai language|Luba-Kasaï]] |
|||
:[[Luba people|Luba]] (18%), [[Mongo people|Mongo]] (17%), [[Kongo people|Kongo]] (12%){{citation needed|date=March 2015}} |
|||
⚫ | |||
* [[Kongo people|Kongo]] |
|||
[[Central Sudanic]]/[[Ubangian]] : |
|||
⚫ | |||
* [[Mongo people|Mongo]] |
|||
[[Nilotic peoples]] : |
|||
⚫ | |||
* [[Luba-Katanga language|Lubakat]] |
|||
[[Pygmy peoples]] : |
|||
⚫ | |||
* [[Lulua people|Lulua]] |
|||
More than 600,000 pygmies (around 1% of the total population) are believed to live in DR Congo, mainly in forests, where they survive by hunting wild animals and gathering fruits.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3869489.stm|title=BBC NEWS - Africa - DR Congo pygmies 'exterminated'|website=news.bbc.co.uk|date=6 July 2004}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Tetela people|Tetela]] |
|||
* [[Nande language|Nande]] |
|||
* [[Ngbandi people|Ngbandi]] |
|||
* [[Ngombe language|Ngombe]] |
|||
* [[Yaka people|Yaka]] |
|||
* [[Ngbaka languages|Ngbaka]] |
|||
Ethnic groups include: |
|||
⚫ | * [[Bantu peoples]]: Ambala, Ambuun, Angba, Babindi, Baboma, Baholo, [[Bangala language|Bangala]], Bango, Bapindi, Batsamba, Bazombe, [[Bemba people|Bemba]], [[Bembe people|Bembe]], Bira, Bowa, Dikidiki, Dzing, [[Furiiru people|Fuliru]], [[Havu]], [[Hema people|Hema]], [[Hima people|Hima]], [[Hunde language|Hunde]], Iboko, Kanioka, Kaonde, [[Kongo people|Kongo]], [[Kuba people|Kuba]], Kumu, Kwango, [[Lengola]], [[Kele people (Congo)|Lokele]], [[Luba people|Luba]], [[Lunda people|Lunda]], Lupu, Lwalwa, Mbala, [[Mbole people|Mbole]], Mbuza (Budja), [[Mongo people|Mongo]], [[Nande]], Ngoli, Bangoli, [[Ngombe language (Congo)|Ngombe]], Nkumu, [[Nyanga people|Nyanga]], [[Pende people|Pende]], Popoi, [[Poto dialect|Poto]], [[Sango language|Sango]], Shi, [[Nyindu people|Nyindu]], Songo, Sukus, [[Lungu people|Tabwa]], [[Chokwe people|Chokwe]], [[Téké]], [[Tembo (Kitembo) language|Tembo]], [[Tetela people|Tetela]], Topoke, Ungana, [[Vira people|Vira]], Wakuti, [[Yaka people|Yaka]], [[Yakoma people|Yakoma]], [[Yansi people|Yanzi]], Yéké, Yela, etc. |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
* [[Ubangian languages|Ubangian]]: [[Azande people|Azande]], [[Banda people|Banda]], [[Ngbandi people|Ngbandi]], [[Ngbaka Minagende language|Ngbaka]] |
|||
* [[Niger-Congo languages|Fulani]]: [[Wodaabe|Mbororo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Transhumance Pastoralism and Mbororo Pastoralists in Climate-Water-Migration-Conflict Context of the Congo River Basin |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/transhumance-pastoralism-and-mbororo-pastoralists-climate-water-migration-conflict-context-congo-river-basin |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003134844/https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/transhumance-pastoralism-and-mbororo-pastoralists-climate-water-migration-conflict-context-congo-river-basin |archive-date=3 October 2022}}</ref> |
|||
⚫ | |||
==Languages== |
==Languages== |
||
{{Main|Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}} |
{{Main|Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}} |
||
The four major languages in the DRC are [[French language|French]] (official |
The four major languages in the DRC are [[French language|French]] (official), [[Lingala]] (a [[lingua franca]], or trade language), [[Kingwana language|Kingwana]] (a dialect of [[Swahili language|Swahili]]), [[Kituba language|Kikongo ya leta]], and [[Luba-Kasai language|Tshiluba]]. In total, there are over 200 ethnic languages. |
||
French is generally the language of instruction in schools. English is taught as a compulsory foreign language in Secondary and High Schools around the country. It is a required subject in the Faculty of Economics at major universities around the country and there are numerous language schools in the country that teach it. Former President Kabila himself is fluent in both English and French, as was his father. |
French is generally the language of instruction in schools. English is taught as a compulsory foreign language in Secondary and High Schools around the country. It is a required subject in the Faculty of Economics at major universities around the country and there are numerous language schools in the country that teach it. Former President Kabila himself is fluent in both English and French, as was his father. |
||
==Religions== |
==Religions== |
||
[[File:Assemblée Chrétienne de Yakusu.jpg|thumb|Christian church in Kisangani]] |
|||
A survey conducted by the [[Demographic and Health Surveys]] program in 2013–2014 indicated that Christians constituted 93.7% of the population (Catholics 29.7%, Protestants 26.8%, and other Christians 37.2%). An indigenous religion, [[Kimbanguism]], was practiced by 2.8% of the population, while Muslims make up 1.2%.<ref name="DHS 2013-14">{{cite web|url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR300/FR300.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317092838/http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR300/FR300.pdf |archive-date=2015-03-17 |url-status=live|title=Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-RDC) 2013-2014|publisher=Ministère du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en œuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité, Ministère de la Santé Publique|language=fr|page=36|access-date=20 April 2018}}</ref> |
A survey conducted by the [[Demographic and Health Surveys]] program in 2013–2014 indicated that Christians constituted 93.7% of the population (Catholics 29.7%, Protestants 26.8%, and other Christians 37.2%). An indigenous religion, [[Kimbanguism]], was practiced by 2.8% of the population, while Muslims make up 1.2%.<ref name="DHS 2013-14">{{cite web|url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR300/FR300.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317092838/http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR300/FR300.pdf |archive-date=2015-03-17 |url-status=live|title=Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-RDC) 2013-2014|publisher=Ministère du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en œuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité, Ministère de la Santé Publique|language=fr|page=36|access-date=20 April 2018}}</ref> |
||
Line 1,254: | Line 1,307: | ||
===Median age=== |
===Median age=== |
||
[[File:Kongo people2.jpg|thumb|[[Kongo people|Kongo]] youth and adults in [[Kinshasa]]]] |
|||
[[File:Photo of the Day, 17 February 2014 (12589890963).jpg|thumb|Amani festival in [[Goma]]]] |
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[[File:Cecilia and her family.jpg|thumb|Family in Rutshuru, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |
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:total: 16.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 222nd |
:total: 16.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 222nd |
||
:male: 16.5 years |
:male: 16.5 years |
||
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===[[Total fertility rate]]=== |
===[[Total fertility rate]]=== |
||
:5.56 children born/woman (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3rd |
|||
:5.63 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3rd |
:5.63 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3rd |
||
:5.7 children born/woman (2020 est.) |
:5.7 children born/woman (2020 est.) |
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Additionally, the country's large mine operations attract migrant workers from Africa and beyond and there is considerable migration for commercial activities from other African countries and the rest of the world, but these movements are not well studied. Transit migration towards South Africa and Europe also plays a role. Immigration in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DRC]] has decreased steadily over the past two decades, most likely as a result of the armed violence that the country has experienced.<ref name="IOMProfile"/> |
Additionally, the country's large mine operations attract migrant workers from Africa and beyond and there is considerable migration for commercial activities from other African countries and the rest of the world, but these movements are not well studied. Transit migration towards South Africa and Europe also plays a role. Immigration in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DRC]] has decreased steadily over the past two decades, most likely as a result of the armed violence that the country has experienced.<ref name="IOMProfile"/> |
||
According to the [[International Organization for Migration]], the number of [[immigration|immigrants]] in the DRC has declined from just over 1 million in 1960, to 754,000 in 1990, to 480,000 in 2005, to an estimated 445,000 in 2010. Valid figures are not available on migrant workers in particular, partly due to the predominance of the [[informal economy]] in the DRC. Data are also lacking on irregular immigrants, however given neighbouring country ethnic links to nationals of the DRC, irregular migration is assumed to be a significant phenomenon in the country.<ref name="IOMProfile">{{Cite web|url=http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=41_42&products_id=592|publisher=International Organization for Migration|title=Migration en République Démocratique du Congo: Profil national 2009|year=2009|access-date=2010-08-17}}</ref> |
According to the [[International Organization for Migration]], the number of [[immigration|immigrants]] in the DRC has declined from just over 1 million in 1960, to 754,000 in 1990, to 480,000 in 2005, to an estimated 445,000 in 2010. Valid figures are not available on migrant workers in particular, partly due to the predominance of the [[informal economy]] in the DRC. Data are also lacking on irregular immigrants, however given neighbouring country ethnic links to nationals of the DRC, irregular migration is assumed to be a significant phenomenon in the country.<ref name="IOMProfile">{{Cite web|url=http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=41_42&products_id=592|publisher=International Organization for Migration|title=Migration en République Démocratique du Congo: Profil national 2009|year=2009|access-date=2010-08-17|archive-date=2011-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511092512/http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=41_42&products_id=592|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
||
Figures on the number of Congolese nationals abroad vary greatly depending on the source, from 3 to 6 million. This discrepancy is due to a lack of official, reliable data. Emigrants from the DRC are above all long-term emigrants, the majority of which live within [[Africa]] and to a lesser extent in [[Europe]]; 79.7% and 15.3% respectively, according to estimates on 2000 data. Most Congolese emigrants however, remain in Africa, with new destination countries including [[South Africa]] and various points en route to Europe.<ref name="IOMProfile"/> |
Figures on the number of Congolese nationals abroad vary greatly depending on the source, from 3 to 6 million. This discrepancy is due to a lack of official, reliable data. Emigrants from the DRC are above all long-term emigrants, the majority of which live within [[Africa]] and to a lesser extent in [[Europe]]; 79.7% and 15.3% respectively, according to estimates on 2000 data. Most Congolese emigrants however, remain in Africa, with new destination countries including [[South Africa]] and various points en route to Europe.<ref name="IOMProfile"/> |
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:total population: 56.93 years |
:total population: 56.93 years |
||
:male: 55.39 years |
:male: 55.39 years |
||
:female: 58.51 years (2015 est.)<ref> |
:female: 58.51 years (2015 est.)<ref>{{Citation|title=Congo, Democratic Republic of the|date=2015|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|language=en|access-date=January 13, 2016}}</ref> |
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===Urbanization=== |
===Urbanization=== |
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== Congolese diaspora == |
== Congolese diaspora == |
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{{Update|date=August 2016}} |
{{Update|date=August 2016}} |
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The table below shows DRC born people who have emigrated abroad in selected Western countries (although it excludes their descendants).<ref> |
The table below shows DRC born people who have emigrated abroad in selected Western countries (although it excludes their descendants).<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Schoumaker|first1=Marie-Laurence|last2=Flahaux|first2=Bruno|date=2016-04-19|title=Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Migration History Marked by Crises and Restrictions|url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/democratic-republic-congo-migration-history-marked-crises-and-restrictions|access-date=2023-02-06|website=Migration Policy Institute|language=en}}</ref> |
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| 39,475<ref>{{cite web|title=Immigrant status and period of immigration by place of birth and citizenship: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810030201|website=Statistics Canada|date = 7 May 2021|publisher=Statistics Canada Statistique Canada|access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref> |
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| [https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/democratic-republic-congo-migration-history-marked-crises-and-restrictions 20,410] |
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| [https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/democratic-republic-congo-migration-history-marked-crises-and-restrictions |
| [https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/democratic-republic-congo-migration-history-marked-crises-and-restrictions 20,410] |
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Revision as of 22:53, 23 June 2024
Demographics of Democratic Republic of the Congo | |
---|---|
Population | 95,894,118 (2021 est.) |
Growth rate | 3.14% (2022 est.) |
Birth rate | 40.08 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Death rate | 7.94 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Life expectancy | 61.83 years |
• male | 60.03 years |
• female | 63.69 years |
Fertility rate | 5.63 children born/woman (2022 est.) |
Infant mortality rate | 60.85 deaths/1,000 live births |
Net migration rate | -0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 46.38% |
65 and over | 2.47% |
Sex ratio | |
Total | 1 male(s)/female (2022 est.) |
At birth | 1.03 male(s)/female |
Under 15 | 1.01 male(s)/female |
65 and over | 0.6 male(s)/female |
Nationality | |
Nationality | Congolese |
Sprache | |
Official | French |
Demographic features of the population of the Democratic Republic of the Congo include ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
As many as 250 ethnic groups have been distinguished and named.[1] The most numerous people are the Luba, Mongo, and Kongo.
Although 700 local languages and dialects are spoken, the linguistic variety is bridged both by the use of French, and the intermediary languages Kikongo ya leta, Tshiluba, Swahili, and Lingala.
Population
The CIA World Factbook estimated the population to be over 105 million as of 2022 (the exact number being 108,407,721), now exceeding that of Vietnam (with 98,721,275 inhabitants as of 2020) and ascending the country to the rank of 14th most populous in the world.[2] The proportion of children below the age of 14 in 2020 was 46.38%, 51.15% of the population was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.47% was 65 years or older.[2][3]
Total population[2] | Population aged 0–14 (%) | Population aged 15–64 (%) | Population aged 65+ (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 12 184 000 | 43.7 | 52.5 | 3.8 |
1955 | 13 580 000 | 43.8 | 53.1 | 3.1 |
1960 | 15 368 000 | 43.8 | 53.3 | 2.9 |
1965 | 17 543 000 | 43.9 | 53.2 | 2.8 |
1970 | 20 267 000 | 44.4 | 52.8 | 2.8 |
1975 | 23 317 000 | 44.9 | 52.3 | 2.8 |
1980 | 27 019 000 | 45.4 | 51.8 | 2.8 |
1985 | 31 044 000 | 46.1 | 51.1 | 2.8 |
1990 | 36 406 000 | 47.0 | 50.2 | 2.8 |
1995 | 44 067 000 | 47.9 | 49.4 | 2.7 |
2000 | 49 626 000 | 48.0 | 49.4 | 2.7 |
2005 | 57 421 000 | 47.5 | 49.9 | 2.7 |
2010 | 65 966 000 | 46.3 | 51.1 | 2.7 |
2020 | 101 780 263 | 46.4 | 51.2 | 2.5 |
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Post-censal estimates.) (Provisional.):[4]
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 50 286 000 | 51 472 000 | 101 758 000 | 100 |
0–4 | 9 956 000 | 9 780 000 | 19 736 000 | 19.40 |
5–9 | 8 046 000 | 7 978 000 | 16 024 000 | 15.75 |
10–14 | 6 638 000 | 6 588 000 | 13 226 000 | 13.00 |
15–19 | 5 280 000 | 5 250 000 | 10 530 000 | 10.35 |
20–24 | 4 224 000 | 4 272 000 | 8 496 000 | 8.35 |
25–29 | 3 621 000 | 3 603 000 | 7 224 000 | 7.10 |
30–34 | 3 017 000 | 3 037 000 | 6 054 000 | 5.95 |
35–39 | 2 565 000 | 2 728 000 | 5 293 000 | 5.20 |
40–44 | 2 011 000 | 2 059 000 | 4 070 000 | 4.00 |
45–49 | 1 307 000 | 1 493 000 | 2 800 000 | 2.75 |
50–54 | 1 056 000 | 1 287 000 | 2 343 000 | 2.30 |
55–59 | 704 000 | 926 000 | 1 630 000 | 1.60 |
60–64 | 704 000 | 926 000 | 1 630 000 | 1.60 |
65-69 | 553 000 | 721 000 | 1 274 000 | 1.25 |
70-74 | 302 000 | 412 000 | 714 000 | 0.70 |
75+ | 302 000 | 412 000 | 714 000 | 0.70 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 24 640 000 | 24 346 000 | 48 986 000 | 48.14 |
15–64 | 24 489 000 | 25 581 000 | 50 070 000 | 49.20 |
65+ | 1 157 000 | 1 545 000 | 2 702 000 | 2.66 |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Census
The first and so far only census conducted in DR Congo dates from 1984.[5] A census is supposed to be conducted decennially, but this has been obstructed by periods of instability such as the political reorganization in 1991 and the civil war in 1996.[6]
In January 2015, the parliament passed a law requiring that a census be completed before the next election. Opponents said this was intended to keep Joseph Kabila in power by delaying the next election, leading to protests that caused several deaths. The parliament repealed the law and the census did not take place.[7]
The second general census of population and housing is underway as of 2024.[8] President Félix Tshisekedi called for a census to improve demographic policies and to enable the creation of national identity cards.[9][6] The National Office for Population Identification (ONIP), founded in 2011, was tasked with leading the census, settling a dispute between bids by the Ministries of Interior, Planning, and Digital Technology.[6] Preliminary mapping was conducted in 2018 under Minister of State Modeste Bahati Lukwebo.[10] Data collection began on 2 March 2020 and was scheduled to end on 10 June, but implementation was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[11] Data collection was arranged by the Ministries of Planning, Budget, and Finance, and the electoral commission sent materials to the ONIP and the National Statistics Institute .[9] In 2022, Prime Minister Sama Lukonde issued a decree about the operations of the census.[6] The government allocated the census 250 million dollars of its 2022 budget.[12] The census is planned to be completed in 2025 with an expected budget of US$153,700,453.[8]
Vital statistics
Registration of vital events in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [13]
Period | Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | CBR* | CDR* | NC* | TFR* | IMR* | Life expectancy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 566,000 | 326,000 | 239,000 | 46.0 | 26.6 | 19.5 | 5.97 | 179.9 | 38.31 |
1951 | 579,000 | 328,000 | 251,000 | 46.1 | 26.2 | 20.0 | 5.97 | 178.5 | 38.44 |
1952 | 592,000 | 327,000 | 264,000 | 46.2 | 25.6 | 20.6 | 5.97 | 175.8 | 38.85 |
1953 | 607,000 | 329,000 | 278,000 | 46.4 | 25.1 | 21.2 | 5.98 | 173.3 | 39.14 |
1954 | 619,000 | 330,000 | 289,000 | 46.3 | 24.7 | 21.6 | 5.98 | 171.0 | 39.47 |
1955 | 632,000 | 333,000 | 299,000 | 46.3 | 24.4 | 21.9 | 5.98 | 168.8 | 39.72 |
1956 | 646,000 | 336,000 | 311,000 | 46.4 | 24.1 | 22.3 | 5.99 | 166.7 | 39.98 |
1957 | 663,000 | 338,000 | 325,000 | 46.5 | 23.7 | 22.8 | 6.01 | 164.7 | 40.32 |
1958 | 681,000 | 343,000 | 338,000 | 46.7 | 23.5 | 23.2 | 6.04 | 162.9 | 40.50 |
1959 | 698,000 | 348,000 | 349,000 | 46.8 | 23.4 | 23.4 | 6.07 | 161.2 | 40.64 |
1960 | 716,000 | 354,000 | 362,000 | 46.9 | 23.2 | 23.7 | 6.08 | 159.8 | 40.86 |
1961 | 738,000 | 370,000 | 368,000 | 47.1 | 23.6 | 23.5 | 6.11 | 159.6 | 40.24 |
1962 | 761,000 | 378,000 | 383,000 | 47.4 | 23.5 | 23.8 | 6.13 | 158.1 | 40.34 |
1963 | 785,000 | 385,000 | 400,000 | 47.5 | 23.3 | 24.2 | 6.16 | 156.5 | 40.60 |
1964 | 808,000 | 403,000 | 406,000 | 47.7 | 23.8 | 24.0 | 6.18 | 155.7 | 40.05 |
1965 | 833,000 | 404,000 | 429,000 | 47.9 | 23.2 | 24.7 | 6.21 | 153.1 | 40.70 |
1966 | 859,000 | 397,000 | 462,000 | 47.9 | 22.1 | 25.8 | 6.24 | 149.5 | 42.05 |
1967 | 885,000 | 405,000 | 480,000 | 48.0 | 21.9 | 26.0 | 6.27 | 147.3 | 42.31 |
1968 | 910,000 | 411,000 | 500,000 | 47.9 | 21.6 | 26.3 | 6.30 | 145.1 | 42.71 |
1969 | 935,000 | 418,000 | 517,000 | 47.8 | 21.4 | 26.4 | 6.32 | 142.7 | 42.98 |
1970 | 959,000 | 425,000 | 534,000 | 47.6 | 21.1 | 26.5 | 6.34 | 140.5 | 43.28 |
1971 | 985,000 | 431,000 | 554,000 | 47.5 | 20.8 | 26.8 | 6.38 | 138.3 | 43.66 |
1972 | 1,006,000 | 437,000 | 569,000 | 47.3 | 20.5 | 26.8 | 6.40 | 136.4 | 43.93 |
1973 | 1,026,000 | 445,000 | 582,000 | 47.0 | 20.4 | 26.6 | 6.41 | 134.7 | 44.10 |
1974 | 1,047,000 | 451,000 | 597,000 | 46.7 | 20.1 | 26.6 | 6.42 | 133.3 | 44.41 |
1975 | 1,070,000 | 460,000 | 610,000 | 46.4 | 20.0 | 26.4 | 6.42 | 132.1 | 44.47 |
1976 | 1,091,000 | 468,000 | 623,000 | 46.1 | 19.8 | 26.3 | 6.43 | 130.9 | 44.66 |
1977 | 1,111,000 | 476,000 | 634,000 | 45.8 | 19.6 | 26.1 | 6.43 | 129.8 | 44.76 |
1978 | 1,134,000 | 491,000 | 643,000 | 45.6 | 19.7 | 25.8 | 6.44 | 129.1 | 44.54 |
1979 | 1,184,000 | 496,000 | 688,000 | 45.9 | 19.2 | 26.7 | 6.46 | 126.9 | 45.21 |
1980 | 1,227,000 | 507,000 | 720,000 | 46.0 | 19.0 | 27.0 | 6.47 | 125.1 | 45.47 |
1981 | 1,260,000 | 517,000 | 744,000 | 45.9 | 18.8 | 27.1 | 6.49 | 123.5 | 45.72 |
1982 | 1,293,000 | 526,000 | 766,000 | 45.8 | 18.6 | 27.2 | 6.50 | 121.9 | 45.92 |
1983 | 1,333,000 | 535,000 | 798,000 | 45.9 | 18.5 | 27.5 | 6.55 | 120.3 | 46.18 |
1984 | 1,377,000 | 545,000 | 832,000 | 46.2 | 18.3 | 27.9 | 6.60 | 118.7 | 46.45 |
1985 | 1,433,000 | 559,000 | 873,000 | 46.5 | 18.2 | 28.4 | 6.65 | 117.4 | 46.62 |
1986 | 1,480,000 | 571,000 | 910,000 | 46.7 | 18.0 | 28.7 | 6.69 | 116.1 | 46.91 |
1987 | 1,529,000 | 579,000 | 950,000 | 46.8 | 17.7 | 29.1 | 6.74 | 114.9 | 47.34 |
1988 | 1,568,000 | 588,000 | 980,000 | 46.5 | 17.4 | 29.1 | 6.73 | 113.7 | 47.77 |
1989 | 1,610,000 | 596,000 | 1,014,000 | 46.3 | 17.1 | 29.1 | 6.74 | 112.6 | 48.17 |
1990 | 1,652,000 | 604,000 | 1,047,000 | 46.0 | 16.8 | 29.2 | 6.70 | 111.3 | 48.60 |
1991 | 1,713,000 | 617,000 | 1,097,000 | 46.1 | 16.6 | 29.5 | 6.69 | 110.1 | 48.95 |
1992 | 1,761,000 | 629,000 | 1,132,000 | 45.9 | 16.4 | 29.5 | 6.67 | 108.9 | 49.24 |
1993 | 1,804,000 | 638,000 | 1,165,000 | 45.7 | 16.2 | 29.5 | 6.64 | 108.1 | 49.55 |
1994 | 1,878,000 | 653,000 | 1,225,000 | 45.9 | 16.0 | 29.9 | 6.67 | 107.0 | 49.88 |
1995 | 2,046,000 | 682,000 | 1,364,000 | 47.1 | 15.7 | 31.4 | 6.71 | 105.7 | 50.41 |
1996 | 2,083,000 | 730,000 | 1,353,000 | 46.8 | 16.4 | 30.4 | 6.72 | 106.4 | 49.31 |
1997 | 2,067,000 | 707,000 | 1,360,000 | 45.8 | 15.7 | 30.2 | 6.73 | 103.7 | 50.40 |
1998 | 2,071,000 | 729,000 | 1,342,000 | 45.1 | 15.9 | 29.2 | 6.73 | 101.5 | 49.70 |
1999 | 2,128,000 | 739,000 | 1,389,000 | 45.0 | 15.6 | 29.4 | 6.72 | 99.5 | 49.95 |
2000 | 2,189,000 | 712,000 | 1,477,000 | 45.0 | 14.6 | 30.4 | 6.72 | 97.3 | 51.78 |
2001 | 2,245,000 | 721,000 | 1,525,000 | 44.8 | 14.4 | 30.4 | 6.70 | 95.0 | 52.12 |
2002 | 2,310,000 | 733,000 | 1,577,000 | 44.7 | 14.2 | 30.5 | 6.67 | 92.6 | 52.33 |
2003 | 2,372,000 | 738,000 | 1,634,000 | 44.5 | 13.9 | 30.7 | 6.64 | 89.9 | 52.83 |
2004 | 2,426,000 | 738,000 | 1,688,000 | 44.3 | 13.5 | 30.8 | 6.62 | 87.2 | 53.43 |
2005 | 2,499,000 | 743,000 | 1,757,000 | 44.2 | 13.1 | 31.1 | 6.60 | 84.6 | 53.93 |
2006 | 2,592,000 | 746,000 | 1,846,000 | 44.4 | 12.8 | 31.6 | 6.59 | 82.0 | 54.53 |
2007 | 2,675,000 | 756,000 | 1,920,000 | 44.4 | 12.5 | 31.8 | 6.58 | 79.4 | 54.92 |
2008 | 2,767,000 | 764,000 | 2,003,000 | 44.4 | 12.3 | 32.2 | 6.58 | 77.0 | 55.34 |
2009 | 2,867,000 | 771,000 | 2,096,000 | 44.6 | 12.0 | 32.6 | 6.59 | 74.5 | 55.84 |
2010 | 2,957,000 | 774,000 | 2,183,000 | 44.5 | 11.7 | 32.9 | 6.59 | 72.2 | 56.42 |
2011 | 3,069,000 | 776,000 | 2,293,000 | 44.7 | 11.3 | 33.4 | 6.58 | 70.0 | 57.07 |
2012 | 3,171,000 | 793,000 | 2,378,000 | 44.6 | 11.2 | 33.5 | 6.56 | 68.0 | 57.25 |
2013 | 3,247,000 | 797,000 | 2,450,000 | 44.2 | 10.9 | 33.4 | 6.53 | 65.9 | 57.76 |
2014 | 3,345,000 | 802,000 | 2,543,000 | 44.0 | 10.6 | 33.4 | 6.48 | 64.0 | 58.30 |
2015 | 3,433,000 | 818,000 | 2,615,000 | 43.6 | 10.4 | 33.2 | 6.44 | 62.2 | 58.49 |
2016 | 3,532,000 | 820,000 | 2,712,000 | 43.4 | 10.1 | 33.3 | 6.39 | 60.4 | 59.07 |
2017 | 3,647,000 | 832,000 | 2,815,000 | 43.3 | 9.9 | 33.4 | 6.35 | 58.6 | 59.41 |
2018 | 3,748,000 | 835,000 | 2,913,000 | 43.0 | 9.6 | 33.4 | 6.30 | 56.9 | 59.94 |
2019 | 3,839,000 | 844,000 | 2,995,000 | 42.7 | 9.4 | 33.3 | 6.25 | 55.5 | 60.28 |
2020 | 3,930,000 | 886,000 | 3,044,000 | 42.3 | 9.5 | 32.8 | 6.21 | 53.9 | 59.74 |
2021 | 4,035,000 | 931,000 | 3,104,000 | 42.0 | 9.7 | 32.3 | 6.16 | 52.3 | 59.19 |
*CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000 people); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000 people); NC = natural change (per 1000 people), also equals CBR minus CDR; IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman) |
Population estimates by INS
The Institute of National Statistics of the DRC has provided population estimates from 1984 and 2000-2019:[14][15]
- 1984: 30,631,000
- 2000: 52,099,000
- 2001: 53,870,000
- 2002: 55,702,000
- 2003: 57,596,000
- 2004: 59,554,000
- 2005: 61,579,000
- 2006: 63,673,000
- 2007: 65,837,000
- 2008: 68,076,000
- 2009: 70,391,000
- 2010: 72,784,000
- 2011: 75,259,000
- 2012: 77,817,000
- 2013: 80,462,000
- 2014: 83,197,000
- 2015: 86,024,000
- 2016: 88,957,000
- 2017: 91,994,000
- 2018: 94,921,000
- 2019: 98,370,000
Fertility and Births
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR) for urban and rural areas:[16]
The Wanted Fertility Rate is an estimate of what the fertility rate would be if all unwanted births were avoided.[17]
Year | CBR (Total) | TFR (Total) | CBR (Urban) | TFR (Urban) | CBR (Rural) | TFR (Rural) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | 44,1 | 6,3 (5,6) | 40,4 | 5,4 (4,8) | 46,8 | 7,0 (6,2) |
2013-14 | 44,1 | 6,6 (5,7) | 40,5 | 5,4 (4,6) | 45,9 | 7,3 (6,5) |
Fertility data per province, as of 2014:[18]
Province | Total fertility rate | Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant | Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49 |
---|---|---|---|
Kinshasa | 4.2 | 5.7 | 4.8 |
Bas-Congo | 6.0 | 12.6 | 6.5 |
Bandundu | 6.3 | 12.1 | 6.1 |
Équateur | 7.0 | 14.3 | 6.5 |
Orientale | 5.9 | 11.6 | 5.3 |
Nord-Kivu | 6.5 | 9.7 | 6.7 |
Sud-Kivu | 7.7 | 12.5 | 7.4 |
Maniema | 6.9 | 14.8 | 7.0 |
Katanga | 7.8 | 12.8 | 7.3 |
Kasaï Oriental | 7.3 | 12.4 | 7.5 |
Kasaï Occidental | 8.2 | 14.2 | 7.5 |
Life expectancy
Period | Life expectancy in Years[19] |
---|---|
1950–1955 | 39.06 |
1955–1960 | 40.55 |
1960–1965 | 41.63 |
1965–1970 | 42.99 |
1970–1975 | 44.77 |
1975–1980 | 45.63 |
1980–1985 | 47.13 |
1985–1990 | 48.25 |
1990–1995 | 49.59 |
1995–2000 | 48.89 |
2000–2005 | 51.84 |
2005–2010 | 55.48 |
2010–2015 | 58.10 |
Ethnic groups
This section needs additional citations for verification. (May 2024) |
Over 250 ethnic groups and 450 tribes (ethnic subgroups) populate the Democratic Republic of Congo. These ethnic groups are from the Bantu, Sudanic, Nilotic, Ubangian and Pygmy linguistic groups. There is no dominant ethnic group in Congo; the following ethnic groups account for 51.5% of the population:[20][failed verification]
Ethnic groups include:
- Bantu peoples: Ambala, Ambuun, Angba, Babindi, Baboma, Baholo, Bangala, Bango, Bapindi, Batsamba, Bazombe, Bemba, Bembe, Bira, Bowa, Dikidiki, Dzing, Fuliru, Havu, Hema, Hima, Hunde, Iboko, Kanioka, Kaonde, Kongo, Kuba, Kumu, Kwango, Lengola, Lokele, Luba, Lunda, Lupu, Lwalwa, Mbala, Mbole, Mbuza (Budja), Mongo, Nande, Ngoli, Bangoli, Ngombe, Nkumu, Nyanga, Pende, Popoi, Poto, Sango, Shi, Nyindu, Songo, Sukus, Tabwa, Chokwe, Téké, Tembo, Tetela, Topoke, Ungana, Vira, Wakuti, Yaka, Yakoma, Yanzi, Yéké, Yela, etc.
- Central Sudanic: Manvu, Mbunja, Moru-Mangbetu, Lugbara
- Nilotic peoples: Alur, Bari, Kakwa, Logo
- Pygmy peoples: Mbuti, Twa, Baka, Babinga
Languages
The four major languages in the DRC are French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca, or trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Swahili), Kikongo ya leta, and Tshiluba. In total, there are over 200 ethnic languages.
French is generally the language of instruction in schools. English is taught as a compulsory foreign language in Secondary and High Schools around the country. It is a required subject in the Faculty of Economics at major universities around the country and there are numerous language schools in the country that teach it. Former President Kabila himself is fluent in both English and French, as was his father.
Religions
A survey conducted by the Demographic and Health Surveys program in 2013–2014 indicated that Christians constituted 93.7% of the population (Catholics 29.7%, Protestants 26.8%, and other Christians 37.2%). An indigenous religion, Kimbanguism, was practiced by 2.8% of the population, while Muslims make up 1.2%.[22]
Another estimate (by the Pew Research Center in 2010) found Christianity was followed by 95.8% of the population.[23]
The CIA The World Factbook gives the following percentages: Roman Catholic 29.9%, Protestant 26.7%, Kimbanguist 2.8%, Other Christian 36.5%, Islam 1.3%, Other (includes Syncretic Sects and Indigenous beliefs) 2.7%.[24]
The Joshua Project, a Christian missionary organisation, gives the following percentages: Roman Catholic 43.9%, Protestant 24.8%, Other Christian 23.7%, Muslim 1.6%, Non-religious 0.6%, Hindu 0.1% other syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs 5.3%.[25]
Other demographic statistics
These are some other demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.[26]
- One birth every 9 seconds
- One death every 38 seconds
- One net migrant every 111 minutes
- Net gain of one person every 11 seconds
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.[27]
Population
- 108,407,721 (2022 est.)
- 85,281,024 (July 2018 est.)
- Note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and gender than would otherwise be expected (July 2017 est.)
Religions
Roman Catholic 29.9%, Protestant 26.7%, other Christian 36.5%, Kimbanguist 2.8%, Muslim 1.3%, other (includes syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs) 1.2%, none 1.3%, unspecified 0.2% (2014 est.)
Age structure
- 0-14 years: 46.38% (male 23,757,297/female 23,449,057)
- 15-24 years: 19.42% (male 9,908,686/female 9,856,841)
- 25-54 years: 28.38% (male 14,459,453/female 14,422,912)
- 55-64 years: 3.36% (male 1,647,267/female 1,769,429)
- 65 years and over: 2.47% (male 1,085,539/female 1,423,782) (2020 est.)
- 0-14 years: 41.25% (male 17,735,697 /female 17,446,866)
- 15-24 years: 21.46% (male 9,184,871 /female 9,117,462)
- 25-54 years: 30.96% (male 13,176,714 /female 13,225,429)
- 55-64 years: 3.63% (male 1,472,758 /female 1,625,637)
- 65 years and over: 2.69% (male 974,293 /female 1,321,297) (2018 est.)
Median age
- total: 16.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 222nd
- male: 16.5 years
- female: 16.8 years (2020 est.)
- total: 18.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 206th
- male: 18.6 years
- female: 19 years (2018 est.)
Birth rate
- 40.08 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 7th
- 40.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Death rate
- 7.94 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 95th
- 9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)
- 5.56 children born/woman (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3rd
- 5.63 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3rd
- 5.7 children born/woman (2020 est.)
Population growth rate
- 3.14% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 9th
- 2.33% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 31st
- 2.42% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
- 19.9 years (2013/14 est.)
- note: median age at first birth among women 25-29
Contraceptive prevalence rate
- 28.1% (2017/18)
- 20.4% (2013/14)
Net migration rate
- -0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 131st
- -0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 105th
- -0.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: fighting between the Congolese Government and Uganda- and Rwanda-backed Congolese rebels spawned a regional war in DRC in August 1998, which left 2.33 million Congolese internally displaced and caused 412,000 Congolese refugees to flee to surrounding countries (2011 est.)
Given the situation in the country and the condition of state structures, it is extremely difficult to obtain reliable data however evidence suggests that DRC continues to be a destination country for immigrants in spite of recent declines. Immigration is seen to be very diverse in nature, with refugees and asylum-seekers - products of the numerous and violent conflicts in the Great Lakes Region - constituting an important subset of the population in the country.[28]
Additionally, the country's large mine operations attract migrant workers from Africa and beyond and there is considerable migration for commercial activities from other African countries and the rest of the world, but these movements are not well studied. Transit migration towards South Africa and Europe also plays a role. Immigration in the DRC has decreased steadily over the past two decades, most likely as a result of the armed violence that the country has experienced.[28]
According to the International Organization for Migration, the number of immigrants in the DRC has declined from just over 1 million in 1960, to 754,000 in 1990, to 480,000 in 2005, to an estimated 445,000 in 2010. Valid figures are not available on migrant workers in particular, partly due to the predominance of the informal economy in the DRC. Data are also lacking on irregular immigrants, however given neighbouring country ethnic links to nationals of the DRC, irregular migration is assumed to be a significant phenomenon in the country.[28]
Figures on the number of Congolese nationals abroad vary greatly depending on the source, from 3 to 6 million. This discrepancy is due to a lack of official, reliable data. Emigrants from the DRC are above all long-term emigrants, the majority of which live within Africa and to a lesser extent in Europe; 79.7% and 15.3% respectively, according to estimates on 2000 data. Most Congolese emigrants however, remain in Africa, with new destination countries including South Africa and various points en route to Europe.[28]
In addition to being a host country, the DRC has also produced a considerable number of refugees and asylum-seekers located in the region and beyond. These numbers peaked in 2004 when, according to UNHCR, there were more than 460,000 refugees from the DRC; in 2008, Congolese refugees numbered 367,995 in total, 68% of which were living in other African countries.[28]
Religions
- Roman Catholic (55.8%), Other Christian (39.1%), Folk religion (2.5%), Islam (2.1%), None (0.5%)
- total dependency ratio: 97.5 (2015 est.)
- youth dependency ratio: 91.5 (2015 est.)
- elderly dependency ratio: 6 (2015 est.)
- potential support ratio: 16.8 (2015 est.)
Gender ratio
- At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
- Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
- 15–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
- Total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 61.83 years. Country comparison to the world: 216th
- male: 60.03 years
- female: 63.69 years (2022 est.)
- total population: 58.1 years (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 213rd
- male: 56.5 years (2018 est.)
- female: 59.7 years (2018 est.)
- total population: 56.93 years
- male: 55.39 years
- female: 58.51 years (2015 est.)[29]
Urbanization
- urban population: 46.8% of total population (2022)
- rate of urbanization: 4.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- urban population: 44.5% of total population (2018)
- rate of urbanization: 4.53% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
HIV/AIDS
- Adult prevalence rate: 0.7% (2017 est.)
- People living with HIV/AIDS: 390,000 (2017 est.)
- Deaths: 17,000 (2017 est.)
Major infectious diseases
- Degree of risk: very high
- Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever and ebola.
- Vectorborne diseases: malaria, plague, and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) are high risks in some locations
- Water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2005)
Nationality
- Noun: Congolese (singular and plural)
- Adjective: Congolese or Congo
Literacy
- Definition: age 15 and over can read and write French, Lingala, Kingwana, or Tshiluba
- Total population: 77%
- Male: 88.5%
- Female: 66.5% (2016 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
- total: 10 years (2013)
- male: 11 years (2013)
- female: 9 years (2013)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
- total: 8.7% (2012 est.) Country comparison to the world: 134th
- male: 11.3% (2012 est.)
- female: 6.8% (2012 est.)
Congolese diaspora
This article needs to be updated.(August 2016) |
The table below shows DRC born people who have emigrated abroad in selected Western countries (although it excludes their descendants).[30]
Rank | Land | Region | Year | DRC born population |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Frankreich | Europa | 2010 | 59,641 |
2 | Belgien | Europa | 2015 | 44,715 |
3 | Kanada | North America | 2021 | 39,475[31] |
4 | Vereinigte Staaten | North America | 2011-13 | 20,410 |
5 | Great Britain | Europa | 2011 | 19,193 |
6 | Deutschland | Europa | 2011 (foreign citizens) | 9,299 |
7 | Schweiz | Europa | 2011 | 6,724 |
8 | Italien | Europa | 2015 | 6,010 |
9 | Niederlande | Europa | 2015 | 4,973 |
10 | Schweden | Europa | 2015 | 3,092 |
11 | Australien | Oceania | 2011 | 2,576 |
12 | Norwegen | Europa | 2015 | 2,210 |
13 | Brasilien | South America | 2020 | 2,064 |
14 | Spanien | Europa | 2013 | 1,494 |
15 | Finnland | Europa | 2015 | 1,523 |
16 | Dänemark | Europa | 2015 | 1,264 |
17 | Österreich | Europa | 2015 | 1,258 |
These are only estimates and do not account for Congolese migrants residing illegally in these and other countries. Among African countries, Congo's diaspora is second only to Nigeria in size.[citation needed]
See also
Congolese ethnic groups:
Other articles
References
- ^ "Congo (Kinshasa) (01/08)". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ a b c "Congo, Democratic Republic of the". 18 April 2022.
- ^ Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
- ^ "Recensement scientifique de la population 1984. Résultats provisoires" (PDF).
- ^ a b c d Mbardounka, Chérif Ousman (14 May 2024). "Le pays africain dont les citoyens n'ont pas de carte d'identité depuis 40 ans". BBC News (in French). Retrieved 16 May 2024.
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: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Ross, Aaron (25 January 2015). "Congo parliament passes election law stripped of census requirement". Reuters. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
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: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b "Recensement général de la population et de l'Habitat". Ministère du Plan (in French). 9 April 2024.
- ^ a b Muamba, Clément (23 March 2024). "RDC : Félix Tshisekedi rappelle au gouvernement la nécessité d'organiser le deuxième recensement général pour " intervenir plus efficacement " en faveur des populations". Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 16 May 2024.
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: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "2nd General Census of Population and Housing in DRC: Evaluation of pilot cartography". United Nations Population Fund. 15 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
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- ^ "République Démocratique du Congo Anuaire Statistique 2014" (PDF). undp.org.
- ^ "République Démocratique du Congo Anuaire Statistique 2020" (PDF). undp.org.
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- ^ "Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-RDC) 2013-2014" (PDF) (in French). Ministère du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en œuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité, Ministère de la Santé Publique. p. 36. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-03-17. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "Global Religious Landscape". Pew Forum. 18 December 2012.
- ^ "Africa :: CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE". CIA The World Factbook. 18 April 2022.
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- ^ This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "The World FactBook - Congo, Democratic Republic of the", The World Factbook, July 12, 2018
- ^ a b c d e "Migration en République Démocratique du Congo: Profil national 2009". International Organization for Migration. 2009. Archived from the original on 2011-05-11. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
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- ^ Schoumaker, Marie-Laurence; Flahaux, Bruno (2016-04-19). "Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Migration History Marked by Crises and Restrictions". Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
- ^ "Immigrant status and period of immigration by place of birth and citizenship: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada Statistique Canada. 7 May 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2007 edition.)
External links
- "Mortality in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: An Ongoing Crisis" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-02-17. (1.07 MB), International Rescue Committee, January 2008 (estimates 5.4 million excess deaths above sub-Saharan average from 1998 to 2007)