List of Arab and Middle Eastern Americans in the United States Congress: Difference between revisions
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⚫ | This article is a list of all [[Arab Americans]] and [[Middle Eastern Americans]] who have ever served in the [[United States Congress]]. This list includes [[North Africans in the United States]] who identify as [[Arabs]] as well as Middle Eastern Americans [[Ethnic groups in the Middle East|who are not Arabs]]. |
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⚫ | The first Arab American to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives was [[George A. Kasem]] in 1959, and the first Arab-American U.S. |
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⚫ | The first Arab American to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives was [[George A. Kasem]] in 1959, and the first Arab-American U.S. senator was [[James Abourezk]] in 1973. In the [[115th Congress]], there were six U.S. representatives and no U.S. senators of Arab-American descent serving in Congress.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aaiusa.org/meet_arab_american_members_in_115th_congress|title=Meet Arab American Members in 115th Congress - Arab American Institute|website=www.aaiusa.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aaleadershipcouncil.org/ArabAmericanCandidates.html|title=Arab American Members of Congress - Arab American Leadership Council Political Action Committee|website=www.aaleadershipcouncil.org}}</ref> On November 6, 2018, four additional Arab Americans, all of whom are female, were elected to the U.S. House of Representatives: [[Debbie Mucarsel-Powell]], [[Ilhan Omar]], [[Donna Shalala]] and [[Rashida Tlaib]]. Tlaib and Omar were also the first Muslim women in Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/religion/2019/01/03/americas-first-two-muslim-congresswomen-are-sworn-surrounded-by-women-they-inspired/|title=The nation's first two Muslim congresswomen are sworn in, surrounded by the women they inspired|last=Boorstein|first=Michelle|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> The U.S. House of Representatives currently has five Arab-American members. |
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⚫ | The first [[Assyrian American]] to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives was [[Adam Benjamin Jr.|Adam Benjamin]] in 1977,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jaas.org/edocs/v10n2/yoab2.pdf |title=Assyrians in Middle America A Historical and Demographic Study of the Chicago Assyrian Community |publisher=jaas.org |access-date=December 14, 2012}}</ref> and the first Iranian-American U.S. Representative was [[Stephanie Bice]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/house-republicans-women-trump/2020/11/07/a6f4ee80-205b-11eb-90dd-abd0f7086a91_story.html|title=House GOP chipped away at Democratic majority. They can thank female candidates.|first=Paulina|last=Firozi|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref> There currently |
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⚫ | The first [[Assyrian American]] to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives was [[Adam Benjamin Jr.|Adam Benjamin]] in 1977,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jaas.org/edocs/v10n2/yoab2.pdf |title=Assyrians in Middle America A Historical and Demographic Study of the Chicago Assyrian Community |publisher=jaas.org |access-date=December 14, 2012}}</ref> and the first Iranian-American U.S. Representative was [[Stephanie Bice]] in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/house-republicans-women-trump/2020/11/07/a6f4ee80-205b-11eb-90dd-abd0f7086a91_story.html|title=House GOP chipped away at Democratic majority. They can thank female candidates.|first=Paulina|last=Firozi|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref> There currently are one Assyrian-American and one Iranian-American U.S. Representative serving in Congress. |
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== Senate == |
== Senate == |
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|[[File:James Abourezk.jpg|75px|Sen. Abourezk]] |
|[[File:James Abourezk.jpg|75px|Sen. Abourezk]] |
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|'''{{sortname|James|Abourezk}}'''<br>{{small|( |
|'''{{sortname|James|Abourezk}}'''<br>{{small|(1931–2023)}} |
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|[[Lebanese Americans|Lebanese]] |
|[[Lebanese Americans|Lebanese]] |
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|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
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|{{dts|format=mdy|1973|1|3}} |
|{{dts|format=mdy|1973|1|3}} |
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|{{dts|format=mdy|1979|1|3}} |
|{{dts|format=mdy|1979|1|3}} |
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|Retired<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Loretta|url=http://archive.org/details/arabamericanbiog0000hall|title=Arab American biography|date=1999|publisher=U.X.L.|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7876-2953-3|volume=I: A-J|location=Detroit|pages=18–25|language=en|chapter=James Abourezk}}</ref> |
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|Retired |
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|[[File:George John Mitchell.jpg|75px|Sen. Mitchell]] |
|[[File:George John Mitchell.jpg|75px|Sen. Mitchell]] |
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|{{dts|format=mdy|1980|5|17}} |
|{{dts|format=mdy|1980|5|17}} |
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|{{dts|format=mdy|1995|1|3}} |
|{{dts|format=mdy|1995|1|3}} |
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|Retired<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Loretta|url=http://archive.org/details/arabamericanbiog0002hall|title=Arab American biography|date=1999|publisher=U.X.L.|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7876-2953-3|volume=II: K-Z|location=Detroit|pages=311–316|chapter=George John Mitchell}}</ref> |
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|Retired<br>Served as [[Senate Majority Leader]], 1989–1995 |
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|[[File:JamesAbdnor.jpg|75px|Sen. Abdnor]] |
|[[File:JamesAbdnor.jpg|75px|Sen. Abdnor]] |
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|{{dts|format=mdy|1981|1|3}} |
|{{dts|format=mdy|1981|1|3}} |
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|{{dts|format=mdy|1987|1|3}} |
|{{dts|format=mdy|1987|1|3}} |
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|Lost reelection<ref>{{Cite news|last=Schudel|first=Matt|date=May 16, 2012|title=James Abdnor, GOP congressman and senator from South Dakota, dies at 89|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/congress/james-abdnor-gop-congressman-and-senator-from-south-dakota-dies-at-89/2012/05/16/gIQAWMmoUU_story.html}}</ref> |
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|Lost reelection |
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|[[File:Spencer Abraham.jpg|75px|Sen. Abraham]] |
|[[File:Spencer Abraham.jpg|75px|Sen. Abraham]] |
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|{{dts|format=mdy|1995|1|3}} |
|{{dts|format=mdy|1995|1|3}} |
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|{{dts|format=mdy|2001|1|3}} |
|{{dts|format=mdy|2001|1|3}} |
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|Lost reelection<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hall|first=Loretta|url=http://archive.org/details/arabamericanbiog0000hall|title=Arab American biography|date=1999|publisher=U.X.L.|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7876-2953-3|volume=I: A-J|location=Detroit|pages=33–38|language=en|chapter=Spencer Abraham}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bioguide Search|url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000355|access-date=2022-02-17|website=bioguide.congress.gov}}</ref> |
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|Lost reelection |
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|[[File:John E. Sununu.jpg|75px|Sen. Sununu]] |
|[[File:John E. Sununu.jpg|75px|Sen. Sununu]] |
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|{{dts|format=mdy|2003|1|3}} |
|{{dts|format=mdy|2003|1|3}} |
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|{{dts|format=mdy|2009|1|3}} |
|{{dts|format=mdy|2009|1|3}} |
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|Lost reelection<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cromwell|first=Sharon|url=http://archive.org/details/arabamericans0000crom|title=Arab Americans|date=2008|publisher=Rourke Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-60472-751-7|location=Florida|pages=37|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=John E. Sununu|url=https://www.congress.gov/member/john-sununu/S001078|access-date=2022-02-17|website=www.congress.gov}}</ref> |
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|Lost reelection |
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== House of Representatives == |
== House of Representatives == |
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{{Multiple issues|section=yes| |
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{{more citations needed section|date=February 2022}} |
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{{BLP sources section|date=February 2022}} |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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|[[File:James Abourezk.jpg|75px|Rep. Abourezk]] |
|[[File:James Abourezk.jpg|75px|Rep. Abourezk]] |
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|'''{{sortname|James|Abourezk}}'''<br>{{small|( |
|'''{{sortname|James|Abourezk}}'''<br>{{small|(1931–2023)}} |
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|[[Lebanese Americans|Lebanese]] |
|[[Lebanese Americans|Lebanese]] |
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|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
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|[[File:Chrisjohn.jpg|75px|Rep. John]] |
|[[File:Chrisjohn.jpg|75px|Rep. John]] |
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|'''{{sortname|Chris|John}}'''<br>{{small|(born 1960)}}<br> |
|'''{{sortname|Chris|John|dab=politician}}'''<br>{{small|(born 1960)}}<br> |
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|[[Lebanese Americans|Lebanese]] |
|[[Lebanese Americans|Lebanese]] |
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|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
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|{{dts|format=mdy|2017|1|3}} |
|{{dts|format=mdy|2017|1|3}} |
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|Retired to run unsuccessfully for [[United States Senate election in Louisiana, 2016|U.S. Senator from Louisiana]] |
|Retired to run unsuccessfully for [[United States Senate election in Louisiana, 2016|U.S. Senator from Louisiana]] |
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|rowspan=3 |[[File:Justin Amash official photo.jpg|75px|Rep. Amash]] |
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|rowspan=3 |'''{{sortname|Justin|Amash}}'''<br>{{small|(born 1980)}} |
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|rowspan=3 |[[Palestinian Americans|Palestinian]],<br>[[Syrian Americans|Syrian]] |
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|rowspan=3 |[[Michigan]] |
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|rowspan=3 |{{dts|format=mdy|2021|1|3}} |
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|rowspan=3 |Retired |
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|{{Party shading/Independent (United States)}} | [[Independent politician (United States)|Independent]] <br> {{small|(2019–2020)}} |
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|{{Party shading/Libertarian}} | [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]] <br> {{small|(2020–2021)}} |
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|rowspan=3 |[[File:Justin Amash official photo.jpg|75px|Rep. Amash]] |
|rowspan=3 |[[File:Justin Amash official photo.jpg|75px|Rep. Amash]] |
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|Incumbent |
|Incumbent |
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|[[File:Charlie Crist 115th Congress photo.jpg|75px|Rep. Crist]] |
|[[File:Charlie Crist 115th Congress photo.jpg|75px|Rep. Crist]] |
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|'''{{sortname|Charlie|Crist}}'''<br>{{small|(born 1956)}} |
|'''{{sortname|Charlie|Crist}}'''<br>{{small|(born 1956)}} |
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|[[Lebanese Americans|Lebanese]] |
|[[Cypriot Americans|Cypriot]],<br>[[Lebanese Americans|Lebanese]] |
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|{{Party shading/Republican}} |[[Republican Party (United States) |Republican]] <br>{{small|(2008-2010)}} |
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-| |
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|{{Party shading/independent}} |[[Independent (United States) | Independent Politician]] <br>{{small|(2010-2012)}} |
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-| |
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|{{Party shading/Democratic}} |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]<br>{{small|(2012-Present)}} |
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|[[Florida]] |
|[[Florida]] |
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|{{dts|format=mdy|2017|1|3}} |
|{{dts|format=mdy|2017|1|3}} |
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|Incumbent |
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|Resigned |
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|rowspan=3 |[[File:Justin Amash official photo.jpg|75px|Rep. Amash]] |
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|rowspan=3 |'''{{sortname|Justin|Amash}}'''<br>{{small|(born 1980)}} |
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|rowspan=3 |[[Palestinian Americans|Palestinian]],<br>[[Syrian Americans|Syrian]] |
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|{{Party shading/Republican}} |[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] <br> {{small|(2011–2019)}} <br> |
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|rowspan=3 |[[Michigan]] |
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|rowspan=3 |{{dts|format=mdy|2011|1|3}} |
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|rowspan=3 |{{dts|format=mdy|2021|1|3}} |
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|rowspan=3 |Retired |
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|- |
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|{{Party shading/Independent (United States)}} | [[Independent politician (United States)|Independent]] <br> {{small|(2019–2020)}} |
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|{{Party shading/Libertarian}} | [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]] <br> {{small|(2020–2021)}} |
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|[[File:Ruben Kihuen.jpg|75px|Rep. Kihuen]] |
|[[File:Ruben Kihuen.jpg|75px|Rep. Kihuen]] |
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|'''{{sortname|Rubén|Kihuen|Ruben Kihuen}}'''<br />{{small|(born 1980)}} |
|'''{{sortname|Rubén|Kihuen|Ruben Kihuen}}'''<br />{{small|(born 1980)}} |
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|[[Florida]] |
|[[Florida]] |
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|{{dts|format=mdy|2019|1|3}} |
|{{dts|format=mdy|2019|1|3}} |
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|{{dts|format=mdy|2021|1|3}} |
|{{dts|format=mdy|2021|1|3}} |
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|Lost reelection |
|Lost reelection |
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|- style="background:#e0e0e0" |
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|[[File:Stephanie Bice 117th |
|[[File:Rep. Stephanie Bice, 117th Congress.jpg|75px|Rep. Bice]] |
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|'''{{sortname|Stephanie|Bice}}'''<br>{{small|(born 1973)}} |
|'''{{sortname|Stephanie|Bice}}'''<br>{{small|(born 1973)}} |
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|[[Iranian Americans|Iranian]] |
|[[Iranian Americans|Iranian]] |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{United States Congress}} |
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{{Congresslists}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Arab and Middle Eastern Americans in the United States Congress}} |
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[[Category:Arab diaspora]] |
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[[Category:Lists of American politicians]] |
[[Category:Lists of American politicians]] |
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[[Category:Lists of American people by |
[[Category:Lists of American people by ethnicity]] |
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[[Category:Lists of members of the United States Congress |
[[Category:Lists of members of the United States Congress]] |
Latest revision as of 00:18, 24 June 2024
This article is a list of all Arab Americans and Middle Eastern Americans who have ever served in the United States Congress. This list includes North Africans in the United States who identify as Arabs as well as Middle Eastern Americans who are not Arabs.
The first Arab American to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives was George A. Kasem in 1959, and the first Arab-American U.S. senator was James Abourezk in 1973. In the 115th Congress, there were six U.S. representatives and no U.S. senators of Arab-American descent serving in Congress.[1][2] On November 6, 2018, four additional Arab Americans, all of whom are female, were elected to the U.S. House of Representatives: Debbie Mucarsel-Powell, Ilhan Omar, Donna Shalala and Rashida Tlaib. Tlaib and Omar were also the first Muslim women in Congress.[3] The U.S. House of Representatives currently has five Arab-American members.
The first Assyrian American to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives was Adam Benjamin in 1977,[4] and the first Iranian-American U.S. Representative was Stephanie Bice in 2021.[5] There currently are one Assyrian-American and one Iranian-American U.S. Representative serving in Congress.
Senate[edit]
Picture | Senator (lifespan) |
Arab or Middle Eastern ethnicity | Party | State | Term start | Term end | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
James Abourezk (1931–2023) |
Lebanese | Democratic | South Dakota | January 3, 1973 | January 3, 1979 | Retired[6] | |
George J. Mitchell (born 1933) |
Lebanese | Democratic | Maine | May 17, 1980 | January 3, 1995 | Retired[7] | |
James Abdnor (1923–2012) |
Lebanese | Republican | South Dakota | January 3, 1981 | January 3, 1987 | Lost reelection[8] | |
Spencer Abraham (born 1952) |
Lebanese | Republican | Michigan | January 3, 1995 | January 3, 2001 | Lost reelection[9][10] | |
John E. Sununu (born 1964) |
Palestinian, Lebanese |
Republican | New Hampshire | January 3, 2003 | January 3, 2009 | Lost reelection[11][12] |
House of Representatives[edit]
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|
Picture | Representative (lifespan) |
Arab or Middle Eastern ethnicity | Party | State | Term start | Term end | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
George A. Kasem (1919–2002) |
Lebanese | Democratic | California | January 3, 1959 | January 3, 1961 | Lost reelection | |
Abraham Kazen (1919–1987) |
Lebanese | Democratic | Texas | January 3, 1967 | January 3, 1985 | Lost renomination | |
James Abourezk (1931–2023) |
Lebanese | Democratic | South Dakota | January 3, 1971 | January 3, 1973 | Retired to run successfully for U.S. Senator from South Dakota | |
James Abdnor (1923–2012) |
Lebanese | Republican | South Dakota | January 3, 1973 | January 3, 1981 | Retired to run successfully for U.S. Senator from South Dakota | |
Toby Moffett (born 1944) |
Lebanese | Democratic | Connecticut | January 3, 1975 | January 3, 1983 | Retired to run unsuccessfully for U.S. Senator from Connecticut | |
Adam Benjamin (1935–1982) |
Assyrian | Democratic | Indiana | January 3, 1977 | September 7, 1982 | Died in office | |
Mary Rose Oakar (born 1940) |
Lebanese, Syrian |
Democratic | Ohio | January 3, 1977 | January 3, 1993 | Lost reelection | |
Nick Rahall (born 1949) |
Lebanese | Democratic | West Virginia | January 3, 1977 | January 3, 2015 | Lost reelection | |
Pat Danner (born 1934) |
Lebanese | Democratic | Missouri | January 3, 1993 | January 3, 2001 | Retired | |
Anna Eshoo (born 1942) |
Assyrian | Democratic | California | January 3, 1993 | Incumbent | ||
John Baldacci (born 1955) |
Lebanese | Democratic | Maine | January 3, 1995 | January 3, 2003 | Retired to run successfully for Governor of Maine | |
Ray LaHood (born 1945) |
Lebanese | Republican | Illinois | January 3, 1995 | January 3, 2009 | Retired to become U.S. Secretary of Transportation | |
Chris John (born 1960) |
Lebanese | Democratic | Louisiana | January 3, 1997 | January 3, 2005 | Retired to run unsuccessfully for U.S. Senator from Louisiana | |
John E. Sununu (born 1964) |
Palestinian, Lebanese |
Republican | New Hampshire | January 3, 1997 | January 3, 2003 | Retired to run successfully for U.S. Senator from New Hampshire | |
Darrell Issa (born 1953) |
Lebanese | Republican | California | January 3, 2001 | January 3, 2019 | Retired | |
January 3, 2021 | Incumbent | ||||||
Charles Boustany (born 1956) |
Lebanese | Republican | Louisiana | January 3, 2005 | January 3, 2017 | Retired to run unsuccessfully for U.S. Senator from Louisiana | |
Justin Amash (born 1980) |
Palestinian, Syrian |
Republican (2011–2019) |
Michigan | January 3, 2011 | January 3, 2021 | Retired | |
Independent (2019–2020) | |||||||
Libertarian (2020–2021) | |||||||
Richard L. Hanna (1951–2020) |
Lebanese | Republican | New York | January 3, 2011 | January 3, 2017 | Retired | |
Ralph Abraham (born 1954) |
Lebanese | Republican | Louisiana | January 3, 2015 | January 3, 2021 | Retired | |
Gwen Graham (born 1963) |
Lebanese | Democratic | Florida | January 3, 2015 | January 3, 2017 | Retired | |
Garret Graves (born 1972) |
Lebanese | Republican | Louisiana | January 3, 2015 | Incumbent | ||
Darin LaHood (born 1968) |
Lebanese | Republican | Illinois | September 10, 2015 | Incumbent | ||
Charlie Crist (born 1956) |
Cypriot, Lebanese |
Democratic | Florida | January 3, 2017 | August 31, 2022 | Resigned | |
Rubén Kihuen (born 1980) |
Lebanese | Democratic | Nevada | January 3, 2017 | January 3, 2019 | Retired | |
Debbie Mucarsel-Powell (born 1971) |
Lebanese | Democratic | Florida | January 3, 2019 | January 3, 2021 | Lost reelection | |
Ilhan Omar (born 1981) |
Somali[Note 1] | Democratic | Minnesota | January 3, 2019 | Incumbent | ||
Donna Shalala (born 1941) |
Lebanese | Democratic | Florida | January 3, 2019 | January 3, 2021 | Lost reelection | |
Rashida Tlaib (born 1976) |
Palestinian | Democratic | Michigan | January 3, 2019 | Incumbent | ||
Stephanie Bice (born 1973) |
Iranian | Republican | Oklahoma | January 3, 2021 | Incumbent |
References[edit]
- Notes
- ^ Although Somalis are not considered ethnically Arab, Somalia is considered to be part of the Arab World, being part of the Arab League, and Omar is listed in the Arab American Institute's list of officeholders.[13] She is also listed at List of African-American United States representatives.
- References
- ^ "Meet Arab American Members in 115th Congress - Arab American Institute". www.aaiusa.org.
- ^ "Arab American Members of Congress - Arab American Leadership Council Political Action Committee". www.aaleadershipcouncil.org.
- ^ Boorstein, Michelle. "The nation's first two Muslim congresswomen are sworn in, surrounded by the women they inspired". Washington Post. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
- ^ "Assyrians in Middle America A Historical and Demographic Study of the Chicago Assyrian Community" (PDF). jaas.org. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
- ^ Firozi, Paulina. "House GOP chipped away at Democratic majority. They can thank female candidates" – via www.washingtonpost.com.
- ^ Hall, Loretta (1999). "James Abourezk". Arab American biography. Vol. I: A-J. Detroit: U.X.L. pp. 18–25. ISBN 978-0-7876-2953-3.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Hall, Loretta (1999). "George John Mitchell". Arab American biography. Vol. II: K-Z. Detroit: U.X.L. pp. 311–316. ISBN 978-0-7876-2953-3.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Schudel, Matt (May 16, 2012). "James Abdnor, GOP congressman and senator from South Dakota, dies at 89". The Washington Post.
- ^ Hall, Loretta (1999). "Spencer Abraham". Arab American biography. Vol. I: A-J. Detroit: U.X.L. pp. 33–38. ISBN 978-0-7876-2953-3.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ "Bioguide Search". bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved 2022-02-17.
- ^ Cromwell, Sharon (2008). Arab Americans. Florida: Rourke Publishing. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-60472-751-7.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ "John E. Sununu". www.congress.gov. Retrieved 2022-02-17.
- ^ "Arab American Roster". Arab American Institute. Retrieved March 11, 2019.