Grevillea mucronulata: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to New South Wales, Australia}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}} |
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{{taxobox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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|name = Green spider flower |
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|image= Grevillea |
| image = Grevillea mucronulata.jpg |
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|image_caption = |
| image_caption = Near [[Pheasants Nest]] |
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| status = LC |
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|regnum = [[Plantae]] |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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| status_ref = |
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|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |
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|ordo = [[Proteales]] |
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|familia = [[Proteaceae]] |
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| authority = [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|R.Br.]]<ref name=APC>{{cite web|title=''Grevillea mucronulata''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/95860|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=14 July 2022}}</ref> |
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| synonyms_ref = <ref name="APC" /> |
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| synonyms = {{collapsible list | |
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|binomial = ''Grevillea mucronulata'' |
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|binomial_authority = [[Robert Brown (botanist)|R.Br.]]<ref name=apni>{{APNI | name = ''Grevillea mucronulata'' R.Br. | id = 41985}}</ref> |
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* ''Grevillea acuminata'' <small>R.Br.</small> |
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* ''Grevillea acuminata'' |
* ''Grevillea acuminata'' <small>[[Meisn.]] nom. inval., pro syn.</small> |
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* ''Grevillea |
* ''Grevillea attenuata'' <small>[[A.Cunn.]] ex Meisn.</small> |
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* ''Grevillea |
* ''Grevillea cinerea'' <small>R.Br.</small> |
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* ''Grevillea cinerea'' |
* ''Grevillea cinerea var. angustifolia'' <small>[[Benth.]]</small> |
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* ''Grevillea cinerea'' R.Br. var. ''cinerea'' |
* ''Grevillea cinerea'' <small>R.Br.</small> var. ''cinerea'' |
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* ''Grevillea cinerea'' var. '' |
* ''Grevillea cinerea'' var. ''myrtacea'' <small>Meisn.</small> |
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* ''Grevillea |
* ''Grevillea mucronulata'' var. ''angustifolia'' <small>Benth.</small> |
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* ''Grevillea mucronulata'' var. '' |
* ''Grevillea mucronulata'' <small>R.Br.</small> var. ''mucronulata'' |
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* ''Grevillea myrtacea'' [[Franz Sieber|Sieber]] ex |
* ''Grevillea myrtacea'' <small>[[Franz Sieber|Sieber]] ex [[Schult.]] & [[Schult.f.]] [[nom. illeg.]], nom. superfl.</small> |
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* ''Grevillea myrtacea'' Sieber ex |
* ''Grevillea myrtacea'' <small>Sieber ex [[Spreng.]]</small> |
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* ''Grevillea stylosa'' <small>([[Joseph Knight (horticulturist)|Knight]]) [[Robert Sweet (botanist)|Sweet]]</small> |
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* ''Hakea mucronulata'' <small>(R.Br.) [[Christenh.]] & [[James W. Byng|Byng]]</small> |
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* ''Lysanthe podalyriaefolia'' <small>[[John Wrigley|J.Wrigley]] & [[Murray Fagg|Fagg]] [[orth. var.]]</small> |
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* ''Lysanthe podalyriifolia'' <small>Knight</small> |
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* ''Lysanthe stylosa'' <small>Knight</small> |
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}} |
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'''''Grevillea mucronulata''''', also known as '''green spider flower''' or '''green grevillea''', is a |
'''''Grevillea mucronulata''''', also known as '''green spider flower''' or '''green grevillea''', is a species of flowering plant of the family [[Proteaceae]] and is endemic to [[New South Wales]] in Australia. Described by Robert Brown in 1810, it is found in open [[sclerophyll]] forest or woodland around the Sydney region and New South Wales south coast. It grows as a small bush to {{cvt|3|m}} high and wide, with variable foliage and greenish flowers that appear over the cooler months from May to October. The flowers are attractive to birds. |
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Joseph Banks collected ''G. mucronulata'' in April 1770 at Botany Bay, making it the first member of the genus to be discovered.<ref name=olde95/> The species was first formally described by Scottish botanist Robert Brown in his 1810 work ''[[Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen]]'', the [[type specimen]] having been collected from heathland around [[Port Jackson]].<ref name=apni/> The species name is the Latin diminutive ''mucronulatus'' "with a small point" and relates to the small pointed apex of the leaf.<ref name=olde95>{{cite book | author = Olde, Peter; Marriott, Neil | year = 1995 | title = The Grevillea Book, vol 1 | publisher = Kangaroo Press | location = Sydney | isbn = 0-86417-325-3|pages = 39–40}}</ref> Brown also described ''Grevillea cinerea'' from the [[Grose River]], and ''Grevillea acuminata'' which have since been classified as this species.<ref name=FoA>{{Flora of Australia Online|name=''Grevillea mucronulata'' |id=45597}} </ref> Plants in cultivation in the early 19th century were called ''G. acuminata''.<ref name=olde95/> |
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| ⚫ | [[Joseph Knight (horticulturist)|Joseph Knight]] described a ''Lysanthe podalyriaefolia'' in his 1809 work ''[[On the cultivation of the plants belonging to the natural order of Proteeae]]'',<ref name="Knight 1809">{{cite book | |
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| ⚫ | Interbreeding with cultivated grevilleas, most likely ''[[Grevillea rosmarinifolia|G. rosmarinifolia]]'' has occurred in Helensburgh south of Sydney, and the resulting plants have been found growing by the side of the road in disturbed habitats.<ref name=olde95/> Natural hybrids are formed with other species including ''[[Grevillea juniperina]]'' subsp. ''juniperina'' around the Pitt Town area,<ref name=Benson2000/> and ''[[Grevillea arenaria]]'' subsp. ''arenaria''.<ref name=apni/> |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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| ⚫ | ''Grevillea mucronulata'' is a spreading to erect shrub which usually grows to between 0.3 and 3 metres (1–10 ft) in height. Leaf shape is highly variable, ranging from narrow elliptic to almost round, and anywhere from 0.5 to 4 cm (0.2–1.5 in) long and 0.2–1.8 cm (0.1–0.7 in) wide. The green flower heads, known as [[inflorescence]]s, appear predominantly from late autumn to mid spring (May to October in Australia). Each is composed of 6 to 18 individual flowers and measures 2.5–5.5 cm (1–2.3 in) long overall. They can produce large amounts of nectar. The 0.8–1.7 cm long [[perianth]] is pale- or yellow-green and covered with fine hair, while the 1.8–2.8 cm long style is a red or maroon colour and tipped with a green [[pollen-presenter]].<ref name="Richardson 2000">{{cite journal|author=Richardson, Matthew B. G.|date=2000|title=Pollinator behaviour, mate choice and the realised mating systems of Grevillea mucronulata and Grevillea sphacelata|journal=Australian Journal of Botany|volume=48|issue=3|pages=357–66|doi=10.1071/BT98078 }}</ref><ref name=olde95>{{cite book |author1=Olde, Peter |author2=Marriott, Neil | year = 1995 | title = The Grevillea Book, vol 1 | publisher = Kangaroo Press | location = Sydney | isbn = 0-86417-325-3|pages = 39–40}}</ref><ref name="floransw">{{NSW Flora Online|genus=Grevillea |species=mucronulata |author=R. O. Makinson |accessdate=22 June 2013}}</ref><ref name=FoA>{{Flora of Australia Online|name=''Grevillea mucronulata'' |id=45597}}</ref> |
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Several different forms have been described, though none have been given taxonomic status or rank, and further work and review of the species complex is required.<ref name=olde95/> |
Several different forms have been described, though none have been given taxonomic status or rank, and further work and review of the species complex is required.<ref name=olde95/> |
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The 'typical form' is found from the Lower Blue Mountains north to Singleton. It is a single-stemmed shrub with ovate leaves that end with a marked tapering apex. Forms around the Hunter River have narrower leaves.<ref name=olde95/> It lacks a lignotuber and regenerates after fire by seed. |
The 'typical form' is found from the Lower Blue Mountains north to Singleton. It is a single-stemmed shrub with ovate leaves that end with a marked tapering apex. Forms around the Hunter River have narrower leaves.<ref name=olde95/> It lacks a lignotuber and regenerates after fire by seed. |
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The '[[Cumberland Plain]] form' grows on heavier Cumberland Plain soils in Sydney's northwest around Richmond and Blacktown. It is a shrub to 30 |
The '[[Cumberland Plain]] form' grows on heavier Cumberland Plain soils in Sydney's northwest around Richmond and Blacktown. It is a shrub to 30 cm (12 in) high with small round leaves and sessile flower heads. It has a [[lignotuber]], from which it resprouts after fire.<ref name=olde95/> |
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The 'large-leaved form' is found from Botany Bay and the [[Georges River]] south to Mittagong. It has large elliptic leaves to 2 |
The 'large-leaved form' is found from Botany Bay and the [[Georges River]] south to Mittagong. It has large elliptic leaves to 2 cm wide that are convex, which are papery to leathery in texture. The flowers are relatively larger than other forms and markedly hairy.<ref name=olde95/><ref name=FoA/> |
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The distinctive '[[Picton, New South Wales|Picton]] form' has narrow elliptic leaves and smaller flower heads.<ref name=olde95/> This form resembles ''G. kedumbrensis'' and may be reclassified as a different taxon with future study.<ref name=FoA/> |
The distinctive '[[Picton, New South Wales|Picton]] form' has narrow elliptic leaves and smaller flower heads.<ref name=olde95/> This form resembles ''G. kedumbrensis'' and may be reclassified as a different taxon with future study.<ref name=FoA/> |
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Joseph Banks collected ''G. mucronulata'' in April 1770 at Botany Bay, making it the first member of the genus to be discovered.<ref name=olde95/> Daniel Solander coined the (unpublished) binomial name ''Leucadendroides mitis'' in ''[[Banks' Florilegium]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Diment |first1=Judith |title=Catalogue of the Natural History drawings commissioned by Joseph Banks on the Endeavour Voyage 1768-1771 held in the British Museum (Natural History) Part 1: Botany: Australia |journal=Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Historical Series |date=1984 |volume=11 |pages=1–184 [147] |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2355001}}</ref> The species was first formally [[species description|described]] in 1810 by Scottish botanist [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|Robert Brown]] in ''[[Transactions of the Linnean Society of London]]'', the [[type specimen]] having been collected from heathland around [[Port Jackson]].<ref name=apni>{{cite web|title=''Grevillea mucronulata''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/520051|publisher=APNI|access-date=14 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="R.Br.">{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Robert |title=On the Proteaceae of Jussieu. |journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society of London |date=1810 |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=173 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13720#page/181/mode/1up |access-date=14 July 2022}}</ref> The [[Binomial nomenclature|specific epithet]] is the Latin diminutive ''mucronulatus'' "with a small point" and relates to the small pointed apex of the leaf.<ref name=olde95/> Brown also described ''Grevillea cinerea'' from the [[Grose River]], and ''Grevillea acuminata'' which have since been classified as this species.<ref name="FoA" /> Plants in cultivation in the early 19th century were called ''G. acuminata''.<ref name=olde95/> |
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| ⚫ | [[Joseph Knight (horticulturist)|Joseph Knight]] described a ''Lysanthe podalyriaefolia'' in his 1809 work ''[[On the cultivation of the plants belonging to the natural order of Proteeae]]'',<ref name="Knight 1809">{{cite book |author1=Knight, Joseph |author2=[Salisbury, Richard] | year = 1809 | title = On the Cultivation of the Plants Belonging to the Natural Order of Proteeae | publisher = W. Savage |location= London, United Kingdom |page = 117 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dkUAAAAAQAAJ&q=Persoonia}}</ref> which may refer to this species. However, the description is inadequate to identify the species, and so the binomial name, though it pre-dates Brown's, is invalid.<ref name=olde95/> |
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| ⚫ | Interbreeding with cultivated grevilleas, most likely ''[[Grevillea rosmarinifolia|G. rosmarinifolia]]'' has occurred in [[Helensburgh, New South Wales|Helensburgh]] south of Sydney, and the resulting plants have been found growing by the side of the road in disturbed habitats.<ref name=olde95/> Natural hybrids are formed with other species including ''[[Grevillea juniperina]]'' subsp. ''juniperina'' around the [[Pitt Town]] area,<ref name=Benson2000/> and ''[[Grevillea arenaria]]'' subsp. ''arenaria''.<ref name=apni/> |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
==Distribution and habitat== |
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''Grevillea mucronulata'' is found in the upper [[Hunter Region]] around Singleton, the Sydney region west to Rylstone and Denman, and southward along the coast towards [[Eden, New South Wales|Eden]] where it is found in isolated pockets. The average yearly rainfall is 600 to 1200 |
''Grevillea mucronulata'' is found in the upper [[Hunter Region]] around Singleton, the Sydney region west to Rylstone and Denman, and southward along the coast towards [[Eden, New South Wales|Eden]] where it is found in isolated pockets. The average yearly rainfall is 600 to 1200 mm (24–48 in),<ref name=FoA/> and the range is from sea level to 800 m (2500 ft) altitude.<ref name="floransw" /> It grows on nutrient-poor soils ranging from sandy to clayey, based on sandstone to shale or rarely granite.<ref name=Benson2000/> |
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The species occurs in dry [[sclerophyll]] forest under such trees as Sydney red gum (''[[Angophora costata]]''), |
The species occurs in dry [[sclerophyll]] forest under such trees as Sydney red gum (''[[Angophora costata]]''), blue leaved stringybark (''[[Eucalyptus agglomerata]]''), Sydney peppermint (''[[Eucalyptus piperita|E. piperita]]''), red bloodwood (''[[Corymbia gummifera]]''), New South Wales Christmas bush (''[[Ceratopetalum gummiferum]]''), or in more open woodland under Sydney red gum, scribbly gum (''[[Eucalyptus sclerophylla]]''), rough-budded calgaroo (''[[Eucalyptus parramattensis|E. parramattensis]]'') or small-leaved apple (''[[Angophora bakeri]]'').<ref name=Benson2000>{{cite journal |author1=Benson, Doug |author2=McDougall, Lyn |year=2000 |title=Ecology of Sydney Plant Species Part 7b: Dicotyledon families Proteaceae to Rubiaceae |journal=Cunninghamia |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=1064–1065 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/299412#page/1080/mode/1up |access-date=24 June 2024 }}</ref> |
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==Ecology== |
==Ecology== |
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The flower heads appear to be adapted for bird pollination, as the pollen-holding flower tips are some distance from the petals.<ref>{{cite journal| |
The flower heads appear to be adapted for bird pollination, as the pollen-holding flower tips are some distance from the petals.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Cairo N. Forrest|author2=Kym M. Ottewell|author3=Robert J. Whelan|author4=David J. Ayre|date=2011|title=Tests for inbreeding and outbreeding depression and estimation of population differentiation in the bird-pollinated shrub Grevillea mucronulata|journal=Annals of Botany|volume=108|issue=1|pages=185–95|doi=10.1093/aob/mcr100|pmid=21546431|pmc=3119612}}</ref> Honeyeaters such as the [[eastern spinebill]] (''Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris'') and the [[New Holland honeyeater]] (''Phylidonyris novaehollandiae'') forage among the flowers in the early morning and late afternoon, while honeybees (''Apis mellifera'') visit later in the morning and earlier in the afternoon. They do not appear to be effective pollinators.<ref name="Richardson 2000"/> |
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==Use in horticulture== |
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==Cultivation== |
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As the green flowers are camouflaged within the foliage, this species has not proved as popular in horticulture as other species within the genus. The flowers are bird-attracting, appear over a long period, and the foliage and bronze new growth are horticultural features. It is tolerant of sun and part shade aspects in the garden. It is readily propagated by seed or cutting.<ref name=olde95/> Seeds germinate in 30 to 40 days, though this time might be slightly shortened with smoke treatment.<ref name=Benson2000/> Many plants sold as ''G. mucronulata'' are of hybrid origin.<ref name=olde95/> |
As the green flowers are camouflaged within the foliage, this species has not proved as popular in horticulture as other species within the genus. The flowers are bird-attracting, appear over a long period, and the foliage and bronze new growth are horticultural features. It is tolerant of sun and part shade aspects in the garden. It is readily propagated by seed or cutting.<ref name=olde95/> Seeds germinate in 30 to 40 days, though this time might be slightly shortened with smoke treatment.<ref name=Benson2000/> Many plants sold as ''G. mucronulata'' are of hybrid origin.<ref name=olde95/> |
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==Cultural references== |
==Cultural references== |
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A 50c Australian postage stamp depicting the |
A 50c Australian postage stamp depicting the green spider flower was issued in February 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/stamps/stamp-grevillea-mucronulata-2007.html|title= Australian National Botanic Gardens: Flora Stamps – ''Grevillea mucronulata''|author=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|access-date=21 June 2013}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q5238281}} |
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{{Wikispecies}} |
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[[Category:Grevillea|mucronulata]] |
[[Category:Grevillea|mucronulata]] |
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[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]] |
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]] |
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[[Category:Proteales of Australia]] |
[[Category:Proteales of Australia]] |
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[[Category:Plants described in 1810]] |
[[Category:Plants described in 1810]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:04, 24 June 2024
| Grevillea mucronulata | |
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| Near Pheasants Nest | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Proteales |
| Family: | Proteaceae |
| Genus: | Grevillea |
| Species: | G. mucronulata
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| Binomial name | |
| Grevillea mucronulata | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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List
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Grevillea mucronulata, also known as green spider flower or green grevillea, is a species of flowering plant of the family Proteaceae and is endemic to New South Wales in Australia. Described by Robert Brown in 1810, it is found in open sclerophyll forest or woodland around the Sydney region and New South Wales south coast. It grows as a small bush to 3 m (9.8 ft) high and wide, with variable foliage and greenish flowers that appear over the cooler months from May to October. The flowers are attractive to birds.
Description
[edit]Grevillea mucronulata is a spreading to erect shrub which usually grows to between 0.3 and 3 metres (1–10 ft) in height. Leaf shape is highly variable, ranging from narrow elliptic to almost round, and anywhere from 0.5 to 4 cm (0.2–1.5 in) long and 0.2–1.8 cm (0.1–0.7 in) wide. The green flower heads, known as inflorescences, appear predominantly from late autumn to mid spring (May to October in Australia). Each is composed of 6 to 18 individual flowers and measures 2.5–5.5 cm (1–2.3 in) long overall. They can produce large amounts of nectar. The 0.8–1.7 cm long perianth is pale- or yellow-green and covered with fine hair, while the 1.8–2.8 cm long style is a red or maroon colour and tipped with a green pollen-presenter.[2][3][4][5]
Several different forms have been described, though none have been given taxonomic status or rank, and further work and review of the species complex is required.[3]
The 'typical form' is found from the Lower Blue Mountains north to Singleton. It is a single-stemmed shrub with ovate leaves that end with a marked tapering apex. Forms around the Hunter River have narrower leaves.[3] It lacks a lignotuber and regenerates after fire by seed.
The 'Cumberland Plain form' grows on heavier Cumberland Plain soils in Sydney's northwest around Richmond and Blacktown. It is a shrub to 30 cm (12 in) high with small round leaves and sessile flower heads. It has a lignotuber, from which it resprouts after fire.[3]
The 'large-leaved form' is found from Botany Bay and the Georges River south to Mittagong. It has large elliptic leaves to 2 cm wide that are convex, which are papery to leathery in texture. The flowers are relatively larger than other forms and markedly hairy.[3][5]
The distinctive 'Picton form' has narrow elliptic leaves and smaller flower heads.[3] This form resembles G. kedumbrensis and may be reclassified as a different taxon with future study.[5]
Taxonomy
[edit]Joseph Banks collected G. mucronulata in April 1770 at Botany Bay, making it the first member of the genus to be discovered.[3] Daniel Solander coined the (unpublished) binomial name Leucadendroides mitis in Banks' Florilegium.[6] The species was first formally described in 1810 by Scottish botanist Robert Brown in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, the type specimen having been collected from heathland around Port Jackson.[7][8] The specific epithet is the Latin diminutive mucronulatus "with a small point" and relates to the small pointed apex of the leaf.[3] Brown also described Grevillea cinerea from the Grose River, and Grevillea acuminata which have since been classified as this species.[5] Plants in cultivation in the early 19th century were called G. acuminata.[3]
Joseph Knight described a Lysanthe podalyriaefolia in his 1809 work On the cultivation of the plants belonging to the natural order of Proteeae,[9] which may refer to this species. However, the description is inadequate to identify the species, and so the binomial name, though it pre-dates Brown's, is invalid.[3]
Interbreeding with cultivated grevilleas, most likely G. rosmarinifolia has occurred in Helensburgh south of Sydney, and the resulting plants have been found growing by the side of the road in disturbed habitats.[3] Natural hybrids are formed with other species including Grevillea juniperina subsp. juniperina around the Pitt Town area,[10] and Grevillea arenaria subsp. arenaria.[7]
Grevillea mucronulata is closely related to Grevillea kedumbensis, which has more granular leaves and a style covered with fine hair and keeled perianth.[3]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Grevillea mucronulata is found in the upper Hunter Region around Singleton, the Sydney region west to Rylstone and Denman, and southward along the coast towards Eden where it is found in isolated pockets. The average yearly rainfall is 600 to 1200 mm (24–48 in),[5] and the range is from sea level to 800 m (2500 ft) altitude.[4] It grows on nutrient-poor soils ranging from sandy to clayey, based on sandstone to shale or rarely granite.[10]
The species occurs in dry sclerophyll forest under such trees as Sydney red gum (Angophora costata), blue leaved stringybark (Eucalyptus agglomerata), Sydney peppermint (E. piperita), red bloodwood (Corymbia gummifera), New South Wales Christmas bush (Ceratopetalum gummiferum), or in more open woodland under Sydney red gum, scribbly gum (Eucalyptus sclerophylla), rough-budded calgaroo (E. parramattensis) or small-leaved apple (Angophora bakeri).[10]
Ecology
[edit]The flower heads appear to be adapted for bird pollination, as the pollen-holding flower tips are some distance from the petals.[11] Honeyeaters such as the eastern spinebill (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) and the New Holland honeyeater (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae) forage among the flowers in the early morning and late afternoon, while honeybees (Apis mellifera) visit later in the morning and earlier in the afternoon. They do not appear to be effective pollinators.[2]
Use in horticulture
[edit]As the green flowers are camouflaged within the foliage, this species has not proved as popular in horticulture as other species within the genus. The flowers are bird-attracting, appear over a long period, and the foliage and bronze new growth are horticultural features. It is tolerant of sun and part shade aspects in the garden. It is readily propagated by seed or cutting.[3] Seeds germinate in 30 to 40 days, though this time might be slightly shortened with smoke treatment.[10] Many plants sold as G. mucronulata are of hybrid origin.[3]
Cultural references
[edit]A 50c Australian postage stamp depicting the green spider flower was issued in February 2007.[12]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Grevillea mucronulata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ a b Richardson, Matthew B. G. (2000). "Pollinator behaviour, mate choice and the realised mating systems of Grevillea mucronulata and Grevillea sphacelata". Australian Journal of Botany. 48 (3): 357–66. doi:10.1071/BT98078.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Olde, Peter; Marriott, Neil (1995). The Grevillea Book, vol 1. Sydney: Kangaroo Press. pp. 39–40. ISBN 0-86417-325-3.
- ^ a b R. O. Makinson. "New South Wales Flora Online: Grevillea mucronulata". Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- ^ a b c d e "Grevillea mucronulata". Flora of Australia Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government.
- ^ Diment, Judith (1984). "Catalogue of the Natural History drawings commissioned by Joseph Banks on the Endeavour Voyage 1768-1771 held in the British Museum (Natural History) Part 1: Botany: Australia". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Historical Series. 11: 1–184 [147].
- ^ a b "Grevillea mucronulata". APNI. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ Brown, Robert (1810). "On the Proteaceae of Jussieu". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 10 (1): 173. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ Knight, Joseph; [Salisbury, Richard] (1809). On the Cultivation of the Plants Belonging to the Natural Order of Proteeae. London, United Kingdom: W. Savage. p. 117.
- ^ a b c d Benson, Doug; McDougall, Lyn (2000). "Ecology of Sydney Plant Species Part 7b: Dicotyledon families Proteaceae to Rubiaceae". Cunninghamia. 6 (4): 1064–1065. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
- ^ Cairo N. Forrest; Kym M. Ottewell; Robert J. Whelan; David J. Ayre (2011). "Tests for inbreeding and outbreeding depression and estimation of population differentiation in the bird-pollinated shrub Grevillea mucronulata". Annals of Botany. 108 (1): 185–95. doi:10.1093/aob/mcr100. PMC 3119612. PMID 21546431.
- ^ Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. "Australian National Botanic Gardens: Flora Stamps – Grevillea mucronulata". Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
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