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{{Short description|British painter (1846–1933)}}
{{other people}}
{{other people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2012}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox artist
{{Infobox artist
| name = Elizabeth Thompson<br>''(Lady Butler)''
| name = Elizabeth Thompson
| image = Lady Elizabeth Southerden Butler (née Thompson) by Lady Elizabeth Southerden Butler (née Thompson).jpg
| image = Lady Elizabeth Southerden Butler (née Thompson) by Lady Elizabeth Southerden Butler (née Thompson).jpg
| caption = Self-portrait, 1869
| caption = Self-portrait, 1869
| birth_name = Elizabeth Thompson
| birth_name = {{nowrap|Elizabeth Southerden Thompson}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1846|11|3|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1846|11|3|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lausanne]], [[Switzerland]]
| birth_place = [[Lausanne]], Switzerland
| death_date = {{death date and age|1933|10|2|1846|11|3|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1933|10|2|1846|11|3|df=y}}
| death_place = Gormanston Castle, [[County Meath]], Ireland
| death_place = Gormanston Castle, [[County Meath]], Ireland
| nationality = British
| nationality = British
| field = [[Painting]]
| field = [[Painting]]
⚫
| movement = [[History painting]], [[military art]]
| training =
⚫
| works = ''[[The Roll Call]]'', 1874<br />''[[The 28th Regiment at Quatre Bras]]'', 1875<br />''[[The Defence of Rorke's Drift]]'', 1880<br />''[[Scotland Forever!]]'', 1881
⚫
| movement = [[history painting]], [[Military art]]
| module = {{Infobox person |embed=yes
⚫
| works = ''[[Calling the Roll After An Engagement, Crimea]] (or The Roll Call)'', 1874<br />
|title = Lady Butler
⚫
''[[The 28th Regiment at Quatre Bras]]'', 1875<br />''[[The Defence of Rorke's Drift]]'', 1880<br />
|spouse = [[William Butler (British Army officer)|Sir William Butler]]
''[[Scotland Forever!]]'', 1881
| patrons =
|children = 6
}}
| awards =
}}
}}
[[File:Elizabeth Thompson Signature.jpg|thumb|Elizabeth, Lady Butler's signature]]

'''Elizabeth Southerden Thompson, Lady Butler''' (3 November 1846 – 2 October 1933) was a British painter,<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Butler (Elizabeth), Lady|magazine=Who's Who|year=1907|volume= 59|page=264|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA264}}</ref> who specialised in painting scenes from British military campaigns and battles, including the [[Crimean War]] and the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. ''[[The Roll Call]]'' (purchased by [[Queen Victoria]]), ''[[The Defence of Rorke's Drift]]'', and ''[[Scotland Forever!]]'', showing the [[Royal Scots Greys|Scots Greys]] at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]] ([[Leeds Art Gallery]]), are among her notable works. She wrote about her military paintings in an autobiography published in 1922: "I never painted for the glory of war, but to portray its pathos and heroism".<ref name="UsherwoodP-LB-bio">Usherwood, Paul, and Jenny Spencer-Smith, (1987). – ''Lady Butler, Battle Artist, 1846–1933''. – Gloucester: Sutton. – {{ISBN|0-86299-355-5}}</ref><ref name="SES-ET">[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jbutler.htm Elizabeth Thompson (Lady Butler)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041209025744/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jbutler.htm|date=9 December 2004}} – Spartacus Educational Schoolnet. – Retrieved: 2005-05-01</ref><ref name="TT-LB-Obit">Obituary: ''[[The Times]]''. 3 October 1933.</ref> She married [[William Butler (British Army officer)|Sir William Butler]], becoming Lady Butler.
'''Elizabeth Southerden Thompson''' (3 November 1846 – 2 October 1933), later known as '''Lady Butler''',<ref name=Lady>{{cite magazine|title=Butler (Elizabeth), Lady|magazine=Who's Who|year=1907|volume= 59|page=264|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA264}}</ref> was a British painter who specialised in painting scenes from British military campaigns and battles, including the [[Crimean War]] and the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. Her notable works include ''[[The Roll Call]]'' (purchased by [[Queen Victoria]]), ''[[The Defence of Rorke's Drift]]'', and ''[[Scotland Forever!]]'' (showing the [[Royal Scots Greys|Scots Greys]] at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]]). She wrote about her military paintings in an autobiography published in 1922: "I never painted for the glory of war, but to portray its [[pathos]] and heroism."<ref name="UsherwoodP-LB-bio">Usherwood, Paul, and Jenny Spencer-Smith, (1987). – ''Lady Butler, Battle Artist, 1846–1933''. – Gloucester: Sutton. – {{ISBN|0-86299-355-5}}</ref><ref name="SES-ET">[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jbutler.htm Elizabeth Thompson (Lady Butler)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041209025744/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jbutler.htm|date=9 December 2004}} – Spartacus Educational Schoolnet. – Retrieved: 2005-05-01</ref><ref name="TT-LB-Obit">Obituary: ''[[The Times]]''. 3 October 1933.</ref> She was married to British Army officer [[William Butler (British Army officer)|William Butler]], becoming Lady Butler after he was [[knight]]ed.<ref name=Lady/>


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Born at the Villa Claremont in [[Lausanne]], [[Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland|Switzerland]], Butler was the daughter of Thomas James Thompson (1812–1881) and his second wife Christiana Weller (1825–1910). Her sister was the noted essayist and poet [[Alice Meynell]]. Elizabeth began receiving art instruction in 1862, while growing up in [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]. In 1866 she entered the Female School of Art in [[South Kensington]] in London. She began exhibiting her artwork, usually watercolours, as a student. In 1867, one watercolour, ''Bavarian Artillery Going into Action'', was shown at the Dudley Gallery, one of the galleries preferred by women artists. The same year, she exhibited an oil painting, ''Horses in Sunshine'', at the [[Society of Women Artists|Society of Female Artists]]. She became a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] along with the rest of the family after they moved to [[Florence]] in 1869. While in Florence, under the tutelage of the artist Giuseppe Bellucci (1827–1882), Elizabeth attended the [[Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze|Accademia di Belle Arti]]. She signed her works as E.B.; Elizth. Thompson, or Mimi Thompson (she was called "Mimi" from her childhood).<ref name="UsherwoodP-LB-bio" /><ref name="SES-ET" /><ref name="TT-LB-Obit" />
Born at the Villa Claremont in [[Lausanne]], [[Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland|Switzerland]], Butler was the daughter of Thomas James Thompson (1812–1881) and his second wife, Christiana Weller (1825–1910). Her sister was the noted essayist and poet [[Alice Meynell]]. Elizabeth began receiving art instruction in 1862, while growing up in [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]. In 1866, she entered the Female School of Art in [[South Kensington]] in London. She began exhibiting her artwork, usually watercolours, as a student. In 1867, one watercolour, ''Bavarian Artillery Going into Action'', was shown at the [[Dudley Museum and Art Gallery|Dudley Gallery]], one of the galleries preferred by women artists. The same year, she exhibited an oil painting, ''Horses in Sunshine'', at the [[Society of Women Artists|Society of Female Artists]].
She became a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] along with the rest of her family after they moved to [[Florence]] in 1869. While in Florence, under the tutelage of the artist Giuseppe Bellucci (1827–1882), she attended the [[Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze|Accademia di Belle Arti]]. She signed her works as E.B., Elizth. Thompson, or Mimi Thompson (she was called "Mimi" from her childhood).<ref name="UsherwoodP-LB-bio" /><ref name="SES-ET" /><ref name="TT-LB-Obit" />


== Artistic career ==
== Artistic career ==
[[File:Elizabeth Southerden Thompson, painter,carte de visite by Robert W.Thrupp.jpg|left|210px|[[Carte de visite]] by Thrupp c.1875 |alt=carte de visite by Thrupp c.1875|thumb]]
Initially Butler concentrated on religious subjects like ''The Magnificat'' (1872), but upon going to [[Paris]] in 1870 she was exposed to battle scenes from [[Jean Louis Ernest Meissonier]] and [[Édouard Detaille]], and switched her focus to war paintings. With the painting ''Missing'' (1873), a [[Franco-Prussian War]] battle scene depicting the common soldiers' suffering and heroism, she earned her first submission to the [[Royal Academy]]. Butler's painting ''[[The Roll Call]],'' which depicted a line of soldiers worn out with conflict, was shown in 1874 at the Royal Academy [[Royal Academy Summer Exhibition|Summer Exhibition]] and became so popular that a policeman had to be stationed next to the painting in order to regulate the crowds that came to see it.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Great Spectacle:: 250 Years of the Summer Exhibition|publisher=Royal Academy of Arts|year=2018|isbn=978-1-910350-70-6|pages=105}}</ref> Butler wrote that after the opening of the Summer Exhibition she awoke to find herself famous.<ref name=":0" />
Initially, Butler concentrated on [[Religious art|religious subjects]] like ''The Magnificat'' (1872), but upon going to [[Paris]] in 1870, she was exposed to battle scenes from [[Jean Louis Ernest Meissonier]] and [[Édouard Detaille]], and switched her focus to war paintings. With the painting ''Missing'' (1873), a [[Franco-Prussian War]] battle scene depicting the common soldiers' suffering and heroism, she earned her first submission to the [[Royal Academy]]. Butler's painting ''[[The Roll Call]],'' which depicted a line of soldiers worn out with conflict, was shown in 1874 at the Royal Academy [[Royal Academy Summer Exhibition|Summer Exhibition]] and became so popular that a policeman had to be stationed next to the painting in order to regulate the crowds that came to see it.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Great Spectacle:: 250 Years of the Summer Exhibition|publisher=Royal Academy of Arts|year=2018|isbn=978-1-910350-70-6|pages=105}}</ref> Butler wrote that after the opening of the Summer Exhibition, she awoke to find herself famous.<ref name=":0" />

⚫
Her fame increased as the paintings toured Europe, along with photographs of Elizabeth, she gained even more notice because people found out that she was both young and pretty, something normally not associated with painters of battle scenes. It also helped that during this time there was a huge swell of [[Victorian era|Victorian]] pride and romanticism for the growing [[British Empire]].<ref name="UsherwoodP-LB-bio" /><ref name="SES-ET" /><ref name="TT-LB-Obit" /> While Lady Butler's topics reflected such romanticism, her paintings were generally realistic in detail with aspects such as confusion, mud and exhaustion being accurately portrayed. Her works tend to focus on British troops shown in action, or shortly after it, but avoiding scenes of hand-to-hand combat. The troops are often shown as their opponents might have seen them, but relatively few of the opponents themselves are shown.


⚫
Her fame increased as the paintings toured Europe, along with photographs of Elizabeth. She gained even more notice because people found out that she was both young and pretty, something normally not associated with painters of battle scenes. It also helped that during this time, there was a huge swell of [[Victorian era|Victorian]] pride and romanticism for the growing [[British Empire]].<ref name="UsherwoodP-LB-bio" /><ref name="SES-ET" /><ref name="TT-LB-Obit" /> While Lady Butler's topics reflected such romanticism, her paintings were generally realistic in detail, with aspects such as confusion, mud and exhaustion being accurately portrayed. Her works tend to focus on British troops shown in action, or shortly after it, but avoiding scenes of hand-to-hand combat. The troops are often shown as their opponents might have seen them, but relatively few of the opponents themselves are shown.
[[File:Elizabeth Thompson in Cassell's Universal Portrait Gallery.jpg|thumb|200px|Portrait of Lady Butler (unknown date, but no later than 1895)]]
In 1879, Butler came within two votes of becoming the first woman to be elected as an Associate Member of the Royal Academy (apart from two founder Members, [[Mary Moser]] and [[Angelica Kauffman]]; ultimately, the first female Associate Member was [[Annie Swynnerton]], elected in 1922, and the first full Member was [[Laura Knight]] in 1936).
In 1879, Butler came within two votes of becoming the first woman to be elected as an Associate Member of the Royal Academy (apart from two founder Members, [[Mary Moser]] and [[Angelica Kauffman]]; ultimately, the first female Associate Member was [[Annie Swynnerton]], elected in 1922, and the first full Member was [[Laura Knight]] in 1936).


After her marriage in 1877 to Sir [[William Butler (British Army officer)|William Francis Butler]], a distinguished officer of the [[British Army]], from [[County Tipperary|Tipperary]], [[Ireland]], Butler traveled to the far reaches of the Empire with her husband and raised their six children. Butler also did some black and white illustrations, including of poems by her sister, Alice Meynell, and of works by [[William Makepeace Thackeray|Thackeray]]. She exhibited her work at the [[Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago)|Palace of Fine Arts]] and [[The Woman's Building (Chicago)|The Woman's Building]] at the 1893 [[World's Columbian Exposition]] in Chicago, Illinois.<ref name="Nichols">{{cite web |last1=Nichols |first1=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893| url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt9.html#butler|access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref> Her daughter, Elizabeth Butler, married Lt.-Col. Randolph Albert Fitzhardinge Kingscote (b. 6 Feb 1867, d. 8 Dec 1940) on 24 July 1903.
After her marriage in 1877 to [[William Butler (British Army officer)|William Francis Butler]], a distinguished officer of the [[British Army]], from [[County Tipperary|Tipperary]], Ireland, Butler travelled to the far reaches of the Empire with her husband and raised their six children. Butler also did some black and white illustrations, including of poems by her sister, Alice Meynell, and of works by [[William Makepeace Thackeray|Thackeray]]. She exhibited her work at the [[Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago)|Palace of Fine Arts]] and [[The Woman's Building (Chicago)|The Woman's Building]] at the 1893 [[World's Columbian Exposition]] in Chicago, Illinois.<ref name="Nichols">{{cite web |last1=Nichols |first1=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893| url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt9.html#butler|access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref> Her daughter, Elizabeth Butler, married Lt.-Col. Randolph Albert Fitzhardinge Kingscote (b. 6 Feb 1867, d. 8 Dec 1940) on 24 July 1903.


== Later life and death ==
== Later life and death ==
On her husband's retirement from the army, she moved with him to Ireland, where they lived at [[Bansha]] Castle, [[County Tipperary]]. She showed pictures at the [[Royal Hibernian Academy]] from 1892. Among the paintings that she took with her to County Tipperary was a set of water-colours that she had painted while with her husband in [[Mandatory Palestine|Palestine]]. During the [[Irish Civil War]] they were transferred to her daughter in Gormanston Castle for safekeeping, but were almost all destroyed later by German bombs in London during the [[World War II|Second World War]].
On her husband's retirement from the army, she moved with him to Ireland, where they lived at [[Bansha]] Castle, [[County Tipperary]]. She showed pictures at the [[Royal Hibernian Academy]] from 1892. Among the paintings that she took with her to County Tipperary was a set of water-colours that she had painted while with her husband in [[Mandatory Palestine|Palestine]]. During the [[Irish Civil War]] they were transferred to her daughter in [[Gormanston Castle]] for safekeeping, but were almost all destroyed later by German bombs in London during the [[World War II|Second World War]].


Lady Butler was widowed in 1910, but continued to live at Bansha until 1922, when she took up residence with the youngest of her six children, Eileen, [[Viscount Gormanston|Viscountess Gormanston]], at Gormanston Castle, [[County Meath]]. She died there shortly before her 87th birthday and was interred at nearby Stamullen graveyard.<ref name="UsherwoodP-LB-bio" /><ref name="SES-ET" /><ref name="TT-LB-Obit" />
Lady Butler was widowed in 1910, but continued to live at Bansha until 1922, when she took up residence with the youngest of her six children, Eileen, [[Viscount Gormanston|Viscountess Gormanston]], at Gormanston Castle, [[County Meath]]. She died there shortly before her 87th birthday and was interred at nearby [[Stamullen]] graveyard.<ref name="UsherwoodP-LB-bio" /><ref name="SES-ET" /><ref name="TT-LB-Obit" />


Butler was included in the 2018 exhibit ''Women in Paris 1850–1900''.<ref name="Madeline">{{cite book |last1=Madeline |first1=Laurence |title=Women artists in Paris, 1850–1900 |date=2017 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300223934}}</ref>
Butler was included in the 2018 exhibit ''Women in Paris 1850–1900'',<ref name="Madeline">{{cite book |last1=Madeline |first1=Laurence |title=Women artists in Paris, 1850–1900 |date=2017 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300223934}}</ref> whilst the 2023 play ''[[Modest (play)|Modest]]'' covered her life from ''Roll Call'' to her rejection as an Associate of the Royal Academy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kilntheatre.com/whats-on/modest/|title=Kiln Theatre - Modest}}</ref>


==Paintings==
==Paintings==
[[Image:Scotland Forever!.jpg|thumb|300px|''[[Scotland Forever!]]'', 1881, [[Leeds Art Gallery]]]]
[[Image:Scotland Forever!.jpg|thumb|300px|''[[Scotland Forever!]]'', 1881, [[Leeds Art Gallery]]]]
[[File:The Return From Inkerman by Elizabeth Thompson.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''The Return from [[Inkerman]]'', [[Ferens Art Gallery]]]]
[[File:The Return From Inkerman by Elizabeth Thompson.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''The Return from [[Inkerman]]'' (1877), [[Ferens Art Gallery]], [[Kingston upon Hull]]]]
[[File:Remnants of an army2.jpg|thumb|300px|''[[Remnants of an Army]]'', showing the only British survivor of the [[1842 retreat from Kabul]]]]
[[File:Remnants of an army2.jpg|thumb|300px|''[[Remnants of an Army]]'' (1879), [[Tate Britain]], showing the supposed only British survivor of the [[1842 retreat from Kabul]]]]
[[File:Balaclava (1876) Elizabeth Thompson, Lady Butler.jpg|thumb|300px|right|''Balaclava'', 1876, [[Manchester Art Gallery]]]]
[[File:Balaclava (1876) Elizabeth Thompson, Lady Butler.jpg|thumb|300px|right|''Balaclava'', 1876, [[Manchester Art Gallery]]]]


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* ''The Magnificat'' (1872)
* ''The Magnificat'' (1872)
* ''Missing'' (1873)
* ''Missing'' (1873)
* ''Calling the Roll After An Engagement, Crimea'' (or ''[[The Roll Call]]'' (1874) – H.M. The Queen; [[Buckingham Palace]])
* ''Calling the Roll After An Engagement, Crimea'' (or ''[[The Roll Call]]'' (1874) – [[Royal Collection]], sometimes [[Buckingham Palace]])
* ''[[Elizabeth Thompson#mediaviewer/File:Lady Butler Missed.JPG|Missed]]'' (1874)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/speel/paint/butler.htm|title=Lady Elizabeth Southerden Butler RI (1846–1933)}}</ref>
* ''[[Elizabeth Thompson#mediaviewer/File:Lady Butler Missed.JPG|Missed]]'' (1874)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/speel/paint/butler.htm|title=Lady Elizabeth Southerden Butler RI (1846–1933)|access-date=18 February 2015|archive-date=23 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723091202/http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/speel/paint/butler.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''[[The 28th Regiment at Quatre Bras]]'' (1875 – [[National Gallery of Victoria]], [[Melbourne]])
* ''[[The 28th Regiment at Quatre Bras]]'' (1875 – [[National Gallery of Victoria]], [[Melbourne]])
* ''Balaclava'' (1876 – City of [[Manchester Art Gallery]])
* ''Balaclava'' (1876 – City of [[Manchester Art Gallery]])
* ''The Return from Inkerman'' (1877 – Ferens Art Gallery, [[Kingston upon Hull]])
* ''The Return from Inkerman'' (1877 – [[Ferens Art Gallery]], [[Kingston upon Hull]])
* ''[[Remnants of an Army]]'' (1879 – [[Tate Gallery]] displayed at the [[Somerset Military Museum]], [[Taunton]])
* ''[[Remnants of an Army]]'' (1879 – [[Tate Britain]])
* ''Listed for the Connaught Rangers'' (1879 – [[Bury Art Museum]])
* ''Listed for the Connaught Rangers'' (1879 – [[Bury Art Museum]])
* ''[[The Defence of Rorke's Drift]]'' (1880 – H.M The Queen; [[Windsor Castle]])
* ''[[The Defence of Rorke's Drift]]'' (1880 – [[Royal Collection]]; [[Windsor Castle]])
* ''[[Scotland Forever!]]'' (1881 – [[Leeds Art Gallery]])
* ''[[Scotland Forever!]]'' (1881 – [[Leeds Art Gallery]])
* ''Tel-el-Kebir'' (1885)
* ''Tel-el-Kebir'' (1885)
* ''To the Front: French Cavalry Leaving a Breton City on the Declaration of War'' (1888-9 – Private Collection)
* ''To the Front: French Cavalry Leaving a Breton City on the Declaration of War'' (1888–89 – Private Collection)
* ''Evicted'' (1890 – The Irish Folklore Commission [[University College Dublin]])
* ''Evicted'' (1890 – The Irish Folklore Commission [[University College Dublin]])
* ''The Camel Corps'' (1891)
* ''The Camel Corps'' (1891)
* ''Halt in a Forced March'' (1892 – Shropshire Military Museum, [[Shrewsbury]])
* ''Halt in a Forced March'' (1892 – Shropshire Military Museum, [[Shrewsbury]])
* ''The Rescue of the Wounded'' (1895)
* ''The Rescue of the Wounded'' (1895)
* ''The Dawn of Waterloo'' (1895 – [[Falkland Palace]])
* ''The Dawn of Waterloo'' (1895 – [[National Army Museum]], formerly [[Falkland Palace]])
* ''Steady the Drums and Fifes'' (1897 – H.M. The Queen; 57th Regiment, The Middlesex)
* ''Steady the Drums and Fifes'' (1897 – H.M. The Queen; 57th, The Middlesex Regiment. Now in the collection of the [[Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment]]), [http://queensregimentalassociation.org/regimental-art.html see ]
* ''[[Floreat Etona!]]'' (1898 – Private Collection)
* ''[[Floreat Etona!]]'' (1898 – Private Collection)
* ''Dawn at Waterloo'' (1898 – Private Collection)
* ''Dawn at Waterloo'' (1898 – Private Collection)
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* ''Stand Fast Craigellachie'' (1903 – [[National War Museum]] Scotland)
* ''Stand Fast Craigellachie'' (1903 – [[National War Museum]] Scotland)
* ''Rescue of Wounded, Afghanistan'' (1905 – [[Staff College, Camberley]])
* ''Rescue of Wounded, Afghanistan'' (1905 – [[Staff College, Camberley]])
* ''In vain! Rally for a last charge of the Cuirassiers'' (1912-Private Collection)
* ''In vain! Rally for a last charge of the Cuirassiers'' (1912 – Private Collection)
* ''The 16th Light Dragoons saving the remnants of the Union Brigade'' (1915-Private Collection)
* ''The 16th Light Dragoons saving the remnants of the Union Brigade'' (1915 – Private Collection)
* ''A Man of Kent'' (1919 − In the collection of the [[Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment]] )
* ''On the Morrow of Talavera'' (1923 – Private Collection)
* ''On the Morrow of Talavera'' (1923 – Private Collection)
* ''The Charge of The Dorset Yeomanry at Agagia, 26th February, 1916'' (1917 – [The Keep Military Museum, Dorchester])
* ''The Charge of The Dorset Yeomanry at Agagia, 26th February, 1916'' (1917 – [The Keep Military Museum, Dorchester])
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==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
<gallery mode="packed">
⚫
File:Roll-call.JPG|''Calling the Roll After An Engagement, Crimea'' (or ''[[The Roll Call]]'') (1874), [[Royal Collection]]
File:Butler Lady Quatre Bras 1815.jpg|''[[28th Regiment at Quatre Bras (painting)|The 28th Regiment at Quatre Bras]]''
File:Butler Lady Quatre Bras 1815.jpg|''[[28th Regiment at Quatre Bras (painting)|The 28th Regiment at Quatre Bras]]'' (1875), [[National Gallery of Victoria]], [[Melbourne, Australia]]
File:Lady_butler_defense_rorkes_drift.jpg|''[[The Defence of Rorke's Drift]]''
File:Lady_butler_defense_rorkes_drift.jpg|''[[The Defence of Rorke's Drift]]'' (1880), [[Royal Collection]]
File:Lady Butler Missed.JPG|''Missed - 1874''
File:Lady Butler Missed.JPG|''Missed'' (1874), private collection
Image:Thompson laingsnek.jpg|''[[Floreat Etona!]]''
Image:Thompson laingsnek.jpg|''[[Floreat Etona!]]'' (1882), private collection
</gallery>
</gallery>


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===Works by===
===Works by===
*''[https://archive.org/details/lettersfromholyl00butl Letters from the Holy Land]'' (London: A & C Black, 1903).
* ''[https://archive.org/details/lettersfromholyl00butl Letters from the Holy Land]'' (London: A & C Black, 1903).
*''[https://archive.org/details/fromsketchbookdi00butluoft From Sketch-book and Diary]'' (London: A & C Black, 1909)
* ''[https://archive.org/details/fromsketchbookdi00butluoft From Sketch-book and Diary]'' (London: A & C Black, 1909).
*''[https://archive.org/details/autobiography00butluoft An Autobiography]'' (London: Constable & Co., Ltd., 1923).
* ''[https://archive.org/details/autobiography00butluoft An Autobiography]'' (London: Constable & Co., Ltd., 1923).
*''Autobiography'' (Sevenoaks: Fisher Press, 1993). {{ISBN|1-874037-08-6}}
* ''Autobiography'' (Sevenoaks: Fisher Press, 1993). {{ISBN|1-874037-08-6}}


===Works about===
===Works about===
* Fillimore, Francis. – "Britain's Battle Painter: Lady Butler and Her Art". – ''New England Home Magazine''. – Vol. XII, No. 13, September 1900, pp. 579–587 (also published in ''[[Windsor Magazine]]''. – Vol. XI, December 1899 – May 1900, pp. 643–652)
* Fillimore, Francis. – "Britain's Battle Painter: Lady Butler and Her Art". – ''New England Home Magazine''. – Vol. XII, No. 13, September 1900, pp. 579–587 (also published in ''[[Windsor Magazine]]''. – Vol. XI, December 1899 – May 1900, pp. 643–652)
* Gladwell, Malcolm. (2016). "The Lady Vanishes". – Episode 1, Season 1, Revisionist History Podcast. http://revisionisthistory.com/episodes/01-the-lady-vanishes
* Gladwell, Malcolm. (2016). "The Lady Vanishes". – Episode 1, Season 1, Revisionist History Podcast. http://revisionisthistory.com/episodes/01-the-lady-vanishes
* Gormanston, Eileen. (1953). – ''A Little Kept''. – New York: Sheed and Ward
* Gormanston, Eileen. (1953). – ''A Little Kept''. – New York: Sheed and Ward
* Harrington, Peter. (1993). – ''British Artists and War: The Face of Battle in Paintings and Prints, 1700–1914''. – London: Greenhill. – {{ISBN|1-85367-157-6}}
* Harrington, Peter. (1993). – ''British Artists and War: The Face of Battle in Paintings and Prints, 1700–1914''. – London: Greenhill. – {{ISBN|1-85367-157-6}}
* Lalumia, Matthew Paul. – "Lady Elizabeth Thompson Butler in the 1870s". – ''Woman's Art Journal''. – Vol. 4, No. 1, Spring-Summer 1983, pp. 9–14
* Lalumia, Matthew Paul. – "Lady Elizabeth Thompson Butler in the 1870s". – ''Woman's Art Journal''. – Vol. 4, No. 1, Spring–Summer 1983, pp. 9–14
* Lee, Michael. – "A Centenary of Military Painting". – ''Army Quarterly''. – October 1967
* Lee, Michael. – "A Centenary of Military Painting". – ''Army Quarterly''. – October 1967
* [[Meynell, Wilfrid]]. (1898). – ''The Life and Work of Lady Butler''. – London: The Art Annual
* [[Meynell, Wilfrid]]. (1898). – ''The Life and Work of Lady Butler''. – London: The Art Annual
* O'Byrne, M. K. – "Lady Butler". – ''Irish Monthly''. – December 1950
* O'Byrne, M. K. – "Lady Butler". – ''Irish Monthly''. – December 1950
* Usherwood, Paul. – "Elizabeth Thompson Butler: a case of tokenism." – ''Woman's Art Journal''. – Vol. 11, Fall-Winter 1990–91, 14–15
* Usherwood, Paul. – "Elizabeth Thompson Butler: a case of tokenism." – ''Woman's Art Journal''. – Vol. 11, Fall–Winter 1990–91, 14–15
* Usherwood, Paul, and Jenny Spencer-Smith, (1987). – ''Lady Butler, Battle Artist, 1846–1933''. – Gloucester: Sutton. – {{ISBN|0-86299-355-5}}
* Usherwood, Paul, and Jenny Spencer-Smith, (1987). – ''Lady Butler, Battle Artist, 1846–1933''. – Gloucester: Sutton. – {{ISBN|0-86299-355-5}}
* Walker, J. Crompton. (1927). – ''Irish Life & Landscape''. – Dublin: Talbot Press
* Walker, J. Crompton. (1927). – ''Irish Life & Landscape''. – Dublin: Talbot Press
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[[Category:People from Lausanne]]
[[Category:Wives of knights]]
[[Category:Women of the Victorian era]]
[[Category:Women of the Victorian era]]
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[[Category:19th-century women painters]]

Latest revision as of 21:24, 26 June 2024

For other people named Elizabeth Thompson, see Elizabeth Thompson (disambiguation).

Elizabeth Thompson
Self-portrait, 1869
Born
Elizabeth Southerden Thompson

(1846-11-03)3 November 1846
Lausanne, Switzerland
Died2 October 1933(1933-10-02) (aged 86)
Gormanston Castle, County Meath, Ireland
NationalityBritish
Known forPainting
Notable workThe Roll Call, 1874
The 28th Regiment at Quatre Bras, 1875
The Defence of Rorke's Drift, 1880
Scotland Forever!, 1881
MovementHistory painting, military art
TitelLady Butler
SpouseSir William Butler
Children6
Elizabeth, Lady Butler's signature

Elizabeth Southerden Thompson (3 November 1846 – 2 October 1933), later known as Lady Butler,[1] was a British painter who specialised in painting scenes from British military campaigns and battles, including the Crimean War and the Napoleonic Wars. Her notable works include The Roll Call (purchased by Queen Victoria), The Defence of Rorke's Drift, and Scotland Forever! (showing the Scots Greys at Waterloo). She wrote about her military paintings in an autobiography published in 1922: "I never painted for the glory of war, but to portray its pathos and heroism."[2][3][4] She was married to British Army officer William Butler, becoming Lady Butler after he was knighted.[1]

Early life and education

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Born at the Villa Claremont in Lausanne, Switzerland, Butler was the daughter of Thomas James Thompson (1812–1881) and his second wife, Christiana Weller (1825–1910). Her sister was the noted essayist and poet Alice Meynell. Elizabeth began receiving art instruction in 1862, while growing up in Italy. In 1866, she entered the Female School of Art in South Kensington in London. She began exhibiting her artwork, usually watercolours, as a student. In 1867, one watercolour, Bavarian Artillery Going into Action, was shown at the Dudley Gallery, one of the galleries preferred by women artists. The same year, she exhibited an oil painting, Horses in Sunshine, at the Society of Female Artists.

She became a Roman Catholic along with the rest of her family after they moved to Florence in 1869. While in Florence, under the tutelage of the artist Giuseppe Bellucci (1827–1882), she attended the Accademia di Belle Arti. She signed her works as E.B., Elizth. Thompson, or Mimi Thompson (she was called "Mimi" from her childhood).[2][3][4]

Artistic career

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carte de visite by Thrupp c.1875
Carte de visite by Thrupp c.1875

Initially, Butler concentrated on religious subjects like The Magnificat (1872), but upon going to Paris in 1870, she was exposed to battle scenes from Jean Louis Ernest Meissonier and Édouard Detaille, and switched her focus to war paintings. With the painting Missing (1873), a Franco-Prussian War battle scene depicting the common soldiers' suffering and heroism, she earned her first submission to the Royal Academy. Butler's painting The Roll Call, which depicted a line of soldiers worn out with conflict, was shown in 1874 at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition and became so popular that a policeman had to be stationed next to the painting in order to regulate the crowds that came to see it.[5] Butler wrote that after the opening of the Summer Exhibition, she awoke to find herself famous.[5]

Her fame increased as the paintings toured Europe, along with photographs of Elizabeth. She gained even more notice because people found out that she was both young and pretty, something normally not associated with painters of battle scenes. It also helped that during this time, there was a huge swell of Victorian pride and romanticism for the growing British Empire.[2][3][4] While Lady Butler's topics reflected such romanticism, her paintings were generally realistic in detail, with aspects such as confusion, mud and exhaustion being accurately portrayed. Her works tend to focus on British troops shown in action, or shortly after it, but avoiding scenes of hand-to-hand combat. The troops are often shown as their opponents might have seen them, but relatively few of the opponents themselves are shown.

Portrait of Lady Butler (unknown date, but no later than 1895)

In 1879, Butler came within two votes of becoming the first woman to be elected as an Associate Member of the Royal Academy (apart from two founder Members, Mary Moser and Angelica Kauffman; ultimately, the first female Associate Member was Annie Swynnerton, elected in 1922, and the first full Member was Laura Knight in 1936).

After her marriage in 1877 to William Francis Butler, a distinguished officer of the British Army, from Tipperary, Ireland, Butler travelled to the far reaches of the Empire with her husband and raised their six children. Butler also did some black and white illustrations, including of poems by her sister, Alice Meynell, and of works by Thackeray. She exhibited her work at the Palace of Fine Arts and The Woman's Building at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois.[6] Her daughter, Elizabeth Butler, married Lt.-Col. Randolph Albert Fitzhardinge Kingscote (b. 6 Feb 1867, d. 8 Dec 1940) on 24 July 1903.

Later life and death

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On her husband's retirement from the army, she moved with him to Ireland, where they lived at Bansha Castle, County Tipperary. She showed pictures at the Royal Hibernian Academy from 1892. Among the paintings that she took with her to County Tipperary was a set of water-colours that she had painted while with her husband in Palestine. During the Irish Civil War they were transferred to her daughter in Gormanston Castle for safekeeping, but were almost all destroyed later by German bombs in London during the Second World War.

Lady Butler was widowed in 1910, but continued to live at Bansha until 1922, when she took up residence with the youngest of her six children, Eileen, Viscountess Gormanston, at Gormanston Castle, County Meath. She died there shortly before her 87th birthday and was interred at nearby Stamullen graveyard.[2][3][4]

Butler was included in the 2018 exhibit Women in Paris 1850–1900,[7] whilst the 2023 play Modest covered her life from Roll Call to her rejection as an Associate of the Royal Academy.[8]

Paintings

[edit]
Scotland Forever!, 1881, Leeds Art Gallery
The Return from Inkerman (1877), Ferens Art Gallery, Kingston upon Hull
Remnants of an Army (1879), Tate Britain, showing the supposed only British survivor of the 1842 retreat from Kabul
Balaclava, 1876, Manchester Art Gallery
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Literature

[edit]

Works by

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  • Letters from the Holy Land (London: A & C Black, 1903).
  • From Sketch-book and Diary (London: A & C Black, 1909).
  • An Autobiography (London: Constable & Co., Ltd., 1923).
  • Autobiography (Sevenoaks: Fisher Press, 1993). ISBN 1-874037-08-6

Works about

[edit]
  • Fillimore, Francis. – "Britain's Battle Painter: Lady Butler and Her Art". – New England Home Magazine. – Vol. XII, No. 13, September 1900, pp. 579–587 (also published in Windsor Magazine. – Vol. XI, December 1899 – May 1900, pp. 643–652)
  • Gladwell, Malcolm. (2016). "The Lady Vanishes". – Episode 1, Season 1, Revisionist History Podcast. http://revisionisthistory.com/episodes/01-the-lady-vanishes
  • Gormanston, Eileen. (1953). – A Little Kept. – New York: Sheed and Ward
  • Harrington, Peter. (1993). – British Artists and War: The Face of Battle in Paintings and Prints, 1700–1914. – London: Greenhill. – ISBN 1-85367-157-6
  • Lalumia, Matthew Paul. – "Lady Elizabeth Thompson Butler in the 1870s". – Woman's Art Journal. – Vol. 4, No. 1, Spring–Summer 1983, pp. 9–14
  • Lee, Michael. – "A Centenary of Military Painting". – Army Quarterly. – October 1967
  • Meynell, Wilfrid. (1898). – The Life and Work of Lady Butler. – London: The Art Annual
  • O'Byrne, M. K. – "Lady Butler". – Irish Monthly. – December 1950
  • Usherwood, Paul. – "Elizabeth Thompson Butler: a case of tokenism." – Woman's Art Journal. – Vol. 11, Fall–Winter 1990–91, 14–15
  • Usherwood, Paul, and Jenny Spencer-Smith, (1987). – Lady Butler, Battle Artist, 1846–1933. – Gloucester: Sutton. – ISBN 0-86299-355-5
  • Walker, J. Crompton. (1927). – Irish Life & Landscape. – Dublin: Talbot Press
  • Irish Arts Review. – "The Royal Scottish Academy Exhibitors 1826–1990". – Volume 4 Number 4: Winter 1987. (Calne 1991)
  • Chapter 3,The Victorian Artist by Julie Codell, 2012, Cambridge UP.
  • Chapter 5, Masculinities in Victorian Painting by Joseph Kestner, 1995, Scolar Press.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Butler (Elizabeth), Lady". Who's Who. Vol. 59. 1907. p. 264.
  2. ^ a b c d Usherwood, Paul, and Jenny Spencer-Smith, (1987). – Lady Butler, Battle Artist, 1846–1933. – Gloucester: Sutton. – ISBN 0-86299-355-5
  3. ^ a b c d Elizabeth Thompson (Lady Butler) Archived 9 December 2004 at the Wayback Machine – Spartacus Educational Schoolnet. – Retrieved: 2005-05-01
  4. ^ a b c d Obituary: The Times. 3 October 1933.
  5. ^ a b The Great Spectacle:: 250 Years of the Summer Exhibition. Royal Academy of Arts. 2018. p. 105. ISBN 978-1-910350-70-6.
  6. ^ Nichols, K. L. "Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893". Retrieved 26 July 2018.
  7. ^ Madeline, Laurence (2017). Women artists in Paris, 1850–1900. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300223934.
  8. ^ "Kiln Theatre - Modest".
  9. ^ "Lady Elizabeth Southerden Butler RI (1846–1933)". Archived from the original on 23 July 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
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