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{{Short description|Code identifying material, for recycling}}
[[File:Recycling codes on products.jpg|thumb|Recycling codes on products]]
[[File:Recycling codes on products.jpg|thumb|Recycling codes on products]]
'''Recycling codes''' are used to identify the material from which an item is made, to facilitate easier [[recycling]] or other reprocessing. Having a recycling code, the chasing arrows logo or a resin code on an item is not an automatic indicator that a material is recyclable but rather an explanation of what the item is. Such symbols have been defined for [[battery (electricity)|batteries]], [[Biodegradable waste|biomatter/organic material]], [[glass]], [[metals]], [[paper]], and [[plastics]].{{citation needed|date=July 2010}} Various countries have adopted different codes. For example, the table below shows the polymer resin codes (plastic) for a country. In the United States there are fewer, as [[Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene|ABS]] is grouped in with others in group 7. Other countries have a more granular recycling code system. For example, China's polymer identification system has seven different classifications of plastic, five different symbols for post-consumer paths, and 140 identification codes.<ref>Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China (SAC) GB16288,2008. Marking of plastics products. Chinese Standard Publishing House, Beijing; 2008.</ref> The lack of codes in some countries has encouraged those who can fabricate their own plastic products, such as [[RepRap]] and other [[prosumer]] [[3-D printer]] users, to adopt a voluntary recycling code based on the more comprehensive Chinese system.<ref>Emily J. Hunt, Chenlong Zhang, Nick Anzalone, Joshua M. Pearce, [https://www.academia.edu/11229348/Polymer_recycling_codes_for_distributed_manufacturing_with_3-D_printers Polymer recycling codes for distributed manufacturing with 3-D printers], ''Resources, Conservation and Recycling'', '''97''', pp. 24-30 (2015). DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.02.004</ref>
'''Recycling codes''' are used to identify the materials out of which the item is made, to facilitate easier [[Recycling|recycling process]]. The presence on an item of a recycling code, a [[recycling symbol|chasing arrows]] logo, or a [[resin code]], is not an automatic indicator that a material is recyclable; it is an explanation of what the item is made of. Codes have been developed for [[battery (electricity)|batteries]], [[Biodegradable waste|biomatter/organic material]], [[glass]], [[metals]], [[paper]], and [[plastics]].{{citation needed|date=July 2010}} Various countries have adopted different codes. For example, the table below shows the polymer resin (plastic) codes. In the United States there are fewer, because [[Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene|ABS]] is placed with "others" in group 7.


A number of countries have a finer-grained system with more recycling codes. For example, China's polymer identification system has seven different classifications of plastic, five different symbols for post-consumer paths, and 140 identification codes.<ref>Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China (SAC) GB16288, 2008. Marking of plastics products. Chinese Standard Publishing House, Beijing; 2008.</ref> The lack of a code system in some countries has encouraged those who fabricate their own plastic products, such as [[RepRap]] and other [[prosumer]] [[3-D printer]] users, to adopt a voluntary recycling code based on the more comprehensive Chinese system.<ref>Emily J. Hunt, Chenlong Zhang, Nick Anzalone, Joshua M. Pearce, [https://www.academia.edu/11229348/Polymer_recycling_codes_for_distributed_manufacturing_with_3-D_printers Polymer recycling codes for distributed manufacturing with 3-D printers], ''Resources, Conservation and Recycling'', '''97''', pp. 24-30 (2015). DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.02.004</ref>
⚫
== List of resin identification codes (RIC) and codes defined by the European Commission ==


⚫
== Resin identification codes and codes defined by the European Commission ==

{{cleanup section|reason=90/91 code images need review: non-matching text (some other system involved?)|date=October 2022}}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Symbol
! Symbol
! Code<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:31997D0129|title=EUR-Lex - 31997D0129 - EN - EUR-Lex|author=|date=|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|accessdate=22 April 2018}}</ref>
! Code<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:31997D0129|title=EUR-Lex - 31997D0129 - EN - EUR-Lex|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref>
! Description
! Description
! Examples
! Examples
|-
|-
|colspan=4|[[Plastics]] (see [[resin identification code]]<ref>[http://plastics.americanchemistry.com/Plastic-Resin-Codes-PDF Plastic Packaging Resins] American Chemistry Council</ref>) <ref name="97/129/EC">Official Journal of the EC; [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:31997D0129 Commission Decision (97/129/EC)] establishing the ID system for packaging materials pursuant to European Parliament & Council Directive 94/62/EC</ref>
|colspan=4|[[Plastics]] (see [[resin identification code]]<ref>[http://plastics.americanchemistry.com/Plastic-Resin-Codes-PDF Plastic Packaging Resins] American Chemistry Council</ref><ref>[https://optipak.com.ua/markirovka-plastikovoj-posudy-vidy-tablicza-rasshifrovki-markerov-plastikovoj-tary/ Marking of plastic dishes: see, deciphering markers in plastic containers] Plastic how to grind plastic utensils</ref>) <ref name="97/129/EC">Official Journal of the EC; [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:31997D0129 Commission Decision (97/129/EC)] establishing the ID system for packaging materials pursuant to European Parliament & Council Directive 94/62/EC</ref>
|-
|-
| [[File:Plastic Recycling Code 01 PET.svg|50px]]{{efn|name=triangle|For the resin codes, ASTM International has replaced the three-arrow symbol by a solid, equilateral triangle because "the code is designed for resin-identification purposes and not recyclability".<ref>Jessica Holbrook. Say so long to recycling code arrows. [http://www.plasticsnews.com/article/20130611/NEWS/130619978/say-so-long-to-recycling-code-arrows plasticnews.com]. June 2013.</ref> The three-arrow symbol was based on the [[recycling symbol|Universal Recycling Symbol]].}}
| [[File:Plastic Recycling Code 01 PET.svg|50px]]{{efn|name=triangle|For the resin codes, [[ASTM International]] has replaced the three-arrow symbol by a solid, equilateral triangle because "the code is designed for resin-identification purposes and not recyclability".<ref>Jessica Holbrook. Say so long to recycling code arrows. [http://www.plasticsnews.com/article/20130611/NEWS/130619978/say-so-long-to-recycling-code-arrows plasticnews.com]. June 2013.</ref> The three-arrow symbol was based on the [[recycling symbol|Universal Recycling Symbol]].}}
| #1 PET(E)
| 1 PET(E)
| [[Polyethylene terephthalate]]
| [[Polyethylene terephthalate]]
| [[Polyester]] [[fiber]]s, [[soft drink]] [[bottle]]s, [[food]] [[container]]s (also see [[plastic bottles]])
| [[Polyester]] [[fiber]]s, [[soft drink]] [[bottle]]s, [[food]] [[container]]s (also see [[plastic bottles]])
|-
|-
| [[File:Plastic Recycling Code 02 PE-HD.svg|50px]]{{efn|name=triangle}}
| [[File:Plastic Recycling Code 02 PE-HD.svg|50px]]{{efn|name=triangle}}
| #2 PEHD or HDPE
| 2 PEHD or HDPE
| [[HDPE|High-density polyethylene]]
| [[HDPE|High-density polyethylene]]
| [[Plastic milk container]]s, [[plastic bag]]s, [[bottle cap]]s, [[trash can]]s, [[oil]] [[Aluminum can|can]]s, [[plastic lumber]]
| [[Plastic milk container]]s, [[plastic bag]]s, [[bottle cap]]s, [[trash can]]s, [[oil]] [[Aluminum can|can]]s, [[plastic lumber]], toolboxes, supplement containers
|-
|-
| [[File:Plastic-recyc-03.svg|50px]]{{efn|name=triangle}}
| [[File:Plastic-recyc-03.svg|50px]]{{efn|name=triangle}}
| #3 PVC
| 3 PVC
| [[Polyvinyl chloride]]
| [[Polyvinyl chloride]]
| [[Window frame]]s, [[bottle]]s for [[chemical]]s, [[flooring]], [[plumbing]] [[Pipe (fluid conveyance)|pipes]]
| [[Window frame]]s, [[bottle]]s for [[chemical]]s, [[flooring]], [[plumbing]] [[Pipe (fluid conveyance)|pipes]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Plastic Recycling Code 04 PE-LD.svg|50px]]{{efn|name=triangle}}
| [[File:Plastic Recycling Code 04 PE-LD.svg|50px]]{{efn|name=triangle}}
| #4 PELD or LDPE
| 4 PELD or LDPE
| [[LDPE|Low-density polyethylene]]
| [[LDPE|Low-density polyethylene]]
| [[Plastic bag]]s, [[Ziploc bag]]s, [[bucket]]s, [[squeeze bottle]]s, [[plastic]] [[Tube (fluid conveyance)|tube]]s, [[chopping board]]s
| [[Plastic bag]]s, [[Ziploc bag]]s, [[bucket]]s, [[squeeze bottle]]s, [[plastic]] [[Tube (fluid conveyance)|tube]]s, [[chopping board]]s
|-
|-
| [[File:Plastic Recycling Code 05 PP.svg|50px]]{{efn|name=triangle}}
| [[File:Plastic Recycling Code 05 PP.svg|50px]]{{efn|name=triangle}}
| #5 PP
| 5 PP
| [[Polypropylene]]
| [[Polypropylene]]
| [[Flower pot]]s, [[Bumper (car)|bumper]]s, car interior trim, [[industry|industrial]] [[fibers]], carry-out [[beverage]] [[cup]]s, microwavable food containers, DVD [[keep case]]s
| [[Flower pot]]s, [[Bumper (car)|bumper]]s, car interior trim, industrial [[fibers]], carry-out [[beverage]] [[cup]]s, microwavable food containers, DVD [[keep case]]s
|-
|-
| [[File:Plastic Recycling Code 06 PS.svg|50px]]{{efn|name=triangle}}
| [[File:Plastic Recycling Code 06 PS.svg|50px]]{{efn|name=triangle}}
| #6 PS
| 6 PS
| [[Polystyrene]]
| [[Polystyrene]]
| [[Toy]]s, [[video cassette]]s, [[ashtray]]s, trunks, beverage/food coolers, [[beer]] cups, [[wine]] and [[champagne]] [[cup]]s, carry-out [[food container]]s, [[Styrofoam]]
| [[Toy]]s, [[video cassette]]s, [[ashtray]]s, trunks, beverage/food coolers, [[beer]] cups, [[wine]] and [[champagne]] [[cup]]s, carry-out [[food container]]s, [[Styrofoam]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Plastic-recyc-07.svg|50px]]{{efn|name=triangle}}
| [[File:Plastic-recyc-07.svg|50px]]{{efn|name=triangle}}
| #7 O (OTHER)
| 7 O (Other)
| All other plastics
| All other plastics
| [[Polycarbonate|Polycarbonate (PC)]], [[polyamide|polyamide (PA)]], [[Styrene-acrylonitrile|styrene acrylonitrile (SAN)]], [[Acrylic plastics|acrylic plastics/polyacrylonitrile (PAN)]], [[bioplastics]]
| [[Polycarbonate|Polycarbonate (PC)]], [[polyamide|polyamide (PA)]], [[Styrene-acrylonitrile|styrene acrylonitrile (SAN)]], [[Acrylic plastics|acrylic plastics/polyacrylonitrile (PAN)]], [[bioplastics]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Plastic-recyc-abs.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Plastic-recyc-abs.svg|50px]]
| #ABS{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}
| ABS{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}
| [[Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene]]
| [[Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene]]
| Monitor/TV cases, coffee makers, [[cell phone]]s, [[calculator]]s, most [[computer]] plastic, [[Lego bricks]], most [[Fused filament fabrication|FFF]] 3D printed parts that are not [[bioplastic]] such as [[Polylactic acid|PLA]]
| Monitor/TV cases, coffee makers, [[cell phone]]s, [[calculator]]s, most [[computer]] plastic, [[Lego bricks]], most [[Fused filament fabrication|FFF]] 3D printed parts that are not [[bioplastic]] such as [[Polylactic acid|PLA]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Polyamide Resin Code.tiff|50px]]
| [[File:Plastic-recyc-pa.svg|50px]]
| PA{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}
| PA{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}
| [[Polyamide]]
| [[Polyamide]] ([[Nylon]])
| [[Nylon]] like toothbrush bristles, socks, stockings, ect
| Toothbrush bristles, socks, stockings, etc.
|-
|-
|colspan=4|[[Battery (electricity)|Batteries]] (see also [[battery recycling]])
|colspan=4|[[Battery (electricity)|Batteries]] (see also [[battery recycling]])
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycle-8.png|50px|]]
| [[File:Recycle-8.png|50px|]]
| #8 [[Lead]]{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}
| 8 [[Lead]]{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}
| [[Lead–acid battery]]
| [[Lead–acid battery]]
|[[Car batteries]]
|[[Car batteries]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycle-9.png|50px|]]
| [[File:Recycle-9.png|50px|]]
| #9 Alkaline
| 9 Alkaline
| [[Alkaline battery]]
| [[Alkaline battery]]
|[[TV Remote]] batteries, [[flashlight]] batteries
|[[TV Remote]] batteries, [[flashlight]] batteries
|-
|-
|
|
| #10 NiCD
| 10 NiCD
| [[Nickel–cadmium battery]]
| [[Nickel–cadmium battery]]
|Older batteries
|Older batteries
|-
|-
| [[File:Recyc-11.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Recyc-11.svg|50px]]
| #11 NiMH
| 11 NiMH
| [[Nickel–metal hydride battery]]
| [[Nickel–metal hydride battery]]
|
|
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycle-12.png|50px]]
| [[File:Recycle-12.png|50px]]
| #12 Li
| 12 Li
| [[Lithium battery]]
| [[Lithium battery]]
|[[Cell phone]] batteries, [[computer]] batteries, [[camera]] batteries
|[[Cell phone]] batteries, [[computer]] batteries, [[camera]] batteries
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycle-13.png|50px|]]
| [[File:Recycle-13.png|50px|]]
| #13 SO(Z)
| 13 SO(Z)
| [[Silver-oxide battery]]
| [[Silver-oxide battery]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
| #14 CZ
| 14 CZ
| [[Zinc–carbon battery]]
| [[Zinc–carbon battery]]
|Flashlight batteries
|Flashlight batteries
|-
|-
|colspan=4|[[Paper]] <ref name="97/129/EC" />
|colspan=4|[[Paper]]<ref name="97/129/EC" />
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycling Codes Paper 20 PAP.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Recycling Codes Paper 20 PAP.svg|50px]]
| #20 PAP
| 20 PAP
| [[Corrugated fiberboard]] ([[cardboard]])
| [[Corrugated fiberboard]] ([[cardboard]])
| Cardboard boxes
| Cardboard boxes
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycling Codes Paper 21 PAP.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Recycling Codes Paper 21 PAP.svg|50px]]
| #21 PAP
| 21 PAP
| Non-corrugated fiberboard ([[paperboard]])
| Non-corrugated fiberboard ([[paperboard]])
| Cereal and snack boxes
| Cereal and snack boxes
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycling Codes Paper 22 PAP.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Recycling Codes Paper 22 PAP.svg|50px]]
| #22 PAP
| 22 PAP
| [[Paper]]
| [[Paper]]
| [[Newspaper]], [[book]]s, [[magazine]]s, [[wrapping paper]], [[wallpaper]], paper [[bag]]s, paper [[drinking straw|straw]]s
| [[Newspaper]], [[book]]s, [[magazine]]s, [[wrapping paper]], [[wallpaper]], paper [[bag]]s, paper [[drinking straw|straw]]s
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|-
|-
| [[File:Recycling-Code-40.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Recycling-Code-40.svg|50px]]
| #40 FE
| 40 FE
| [[Steel]]
| [[Steel]]
|[[Food can]]s
|[[Food can]]s
|-
|-
| [[File:41 ALU Recycling Code.svg|50px]]<br>[[File:CEN recycling aluminium.svg|50px|41-ALU]]
| [[File:41 ALU Recycling Code.svg|50px]]<br>[[File:CEN recycling aluminium.svg|50px|41-ALU]]
| #41 ALU
| 41 ALU
| [[Aluminium]]
| [[Aluminium]]
|[[Soft drink can]]s, [[deodorant]] cans, disposable [[food container]]s, [[aluminium foil]], [[heat sink]]s
|[[Soft drink can]]s, [[deodorant]] cans, disposable [[food container]]s, [[aluminium foil]], [[heat sink]]s
Line 127: Line 131:
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycling-Code-50.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Recycling-Code-50.svg|50px]]
| #50 FOR
| 50 FOR
| [[Wood]]
| [[Wood]]
|[[Furniture]], [[chopping board]]s, [[broom]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[cocktail stick]]s, [[wooden spoon]]s
|[[Furniture]], [[chopping board]]s, [[broom]]s, [[pencil]]s, [[cocktail stick]]s, [[wooden spoon]]s
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycling-Code-51.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Recycling-Code-51.svg|50px]]
| #51 FOR
| 51 FOR
| [[Cork (material)|Cork]]
| [[Cork (material)|Cork]]
| [[Bottle stopper]]s, place mats, construction material
| [[Bottle stopper]]s, place mats, construction material
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycling-Code-60.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Recycling-Code-60.svg|50px]]
| #60 COT
| 60 COT
| [[Cotton]]
| [[Cotton]]
|[[Towel]]s, [[t-shirt]]s, [[cotton bud]]s/swabs, [[cotton pad]]s
|[[Towel]]s, [[t-shirt]]s, [[cotton bud]]s/swabs, [[cotton pad]]s
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycling-Code-61.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Recycling-Code-61.svg|50px]]
| #61 TEX
| 61 TEX
| [[Jute]]
| [[Jute]]
|[[Clothing]]
|[[Clothing]]
|-
|-
|
|
| #62-69 TEX
| 62-69 TEX
| Other [[Textile]]s
| Other [[textile]]s
|
|
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| [[File:Recycling-Code-70.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Recycling-Code-70.svg|50px]]
| #70 GL
| 70 GL
| Clear Glass
| Clear Glass
|jars
| Food storage jars
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycling-Code-71.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Recycling-Code-71.svg|50px]]
| #71 GL
| 71 GL
| Green Glass
| Green Glass
| Wine bottles
|wine glass
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycling-Code-72.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Recycling-Code-72.svg|50px]]
| #72 GL
| 72 GL
| Brown Glass
| Brown Glass
| Beer, light-sensitive products
⚫
|
|-
|-
| [[File:No73Dark Sort Glass Recycling Logo.png|50px]]
| [[File:No73Dark Sort Glass Recycling Logo.png|50px]]
| #73 GL
| 73 GL
| Dark Sort Glass
| Dark Sort Glass
|
|
|-
|-
| [[File:No74 GLS Light Sort Glass Recycling Logo.png|50px|]]
| [[File:No74 GLS Light Sort Glass Recycling Logo.png|50px|]]
| #74 GL
| 74 GL
| Light Sort Glass
| Light Sort Glass
|
|
|-
|-
| [[File:No75 GLS Light Leaded Glass Recycling Logo.png|50px|]]
| [[File:No75 GLS Light Leaded Glass Recycling Logo.png|50px|]]
| #75 GL
| 75 GL
| Light Leaded Glass
| Light Leaded Glass
| [[Television]]s, high-end electronics display glass like in [[calculator]]s
| [[Television]]s, high-end electronics display glass like in [[calculator]]s
|-
|-
|[[File:Recycle-76.png|50px|]]
|[[File:Recycle-76.png|50px|]]
| #76 GL
| 76 GL
| Leaded Glass
| Leaded Glass
| Older [[television]]s, [[ashtray|ash trays]], older beverage holders
| Older [[television]]s, [[ashtray|ash trays]], older beverage holders
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycle-77.png|50px|]]
| [[File:Recycle-77.png|50px|]]
| #77 GL
| 77 GL
| Copper Mixed/Copper Backed Glass
| Copper Mixed/Copper Backed Glass
| [[Electronics]], [[LCD]] display heads, [[clock]]s, [[watch]]es
| [[Electronics]], [[LCD]] display heads, [[clock]]s, [[watch]]es
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycle-78.png|50px|]]
| [[File:Recycle-78.png|50px|]]
| #78 GL
| 78 GL
| Silver Mixed/Silver Backed Glass
| Silver Mixed/Silver Backed Glass
| [[Mirror]]s, formal table settings
| [[Mirror]]s, formal table settings
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycling-Code-79.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Recycling-Code-79.svg|50px]]
| #79 GL
| 79 GL
| Gold Mixed/Gold Backed Glass
| Gold Mixed/Gold Backed Glass
| [[Computer glass]], formal table settings
| [[Computer glass]], formal table settings
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|colspan=4|[[Composite material|Composites (80—99)]]
|colspan=4|[[Composite material|Composites (80—99)]]
|-
|-
⚫
|
| [[File:Recycling-Code-81.svg|50px]]
| #81 PapPet
| 80 Paper
| Paper and miscellaneous metals
|
|-
|
| 81 PapPet
| [[Paper]] + [[plastic]]
| [[Paper]] + [[plastic]]
| [[Consumer packaging]], [[pet food]] [[bag]]s, cold store [[grocery]] bags, [[Icecream]] containers, [[cardboard can]]s, [[disposable plate]]s
| [[Consumer packaging]], [[pet food]] [[bag]]s, cold store [[grocery]] bags, [[Icecream]] containers, [[cardboard can]]s, [[disposable plate]]s
|-
|-
|
|
| #82
| 82
| Paper and fibreboard/Aluminium
| Paper and fibreboard/Aluminium
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
| #83
| 83
| [[Paper]] and [[fibreboard]]/[[Tinplate]]
| [[Paper]] and [[fibreboard]]/[[Tinplate]]
|
|
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycling-Code-84.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Recycling-Code-84.svg|50px]]
| #84 C/PAP (or PapAl)
| 84 C/PAP (or PapAl)
| [[Paper]] and [[cardboard]]/[[plastic]]/[[aluminium]]
| [[Paper]] and [[cardboard]]/[[plastic]]/[[aluminium]]
| Liquid storage containers, juice boxes, cardboard cans, cigarette pack liners, gum wrappers, cartridge shells for blanks, fireworks colouring material, [[Tetra Brik]].
| Liquid storage containers, juice boxes, cardboard cans, cigarette pack liners, gum wrappers, cartridge shells for blanks, fireworks colouring material, [[Tetra Brik]].
|-
|-
|
|
| #85
| 85
| [[Paper]] and [[fibreboard]]/[[Plastic]]/[[Aluminium]]/[[Tinplate]]
| [[Paper]] and [[fibreboard]]/[[Plastic]]/[[Aluminium]]/[[Tinplate]]
|
|
|-
|-
|[[File:No87_Card_Stock_Laminate_Recycling_Logo.png|50px]]
|[[File:No87_Card_Stock_Laminate_Recycling_Logo.png|50px]]
| #87 CSL (Card-Stock Laminate)
| 87 CSL (Card-Stock Laminate)
| [[Biodegradable plastic]]
| [[Biodegradable plastic]]
| [[Lamination paper|Laminating]] material, [[special occasion card]]s, [[bookmark]]s, [[business card]]s, [[flyer (pamphlet)|flyer]]s/[[advertising]]
| [[Lamination paper|Laminating]] material, [[special occasion card]]s, [[bookmark]]s, [[business card]]s, [[flyer (pamphlet)|flyer]]s/[[advertising]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycling-Code-90.PNG|50px]]
| [[File:Recycling-Code-90.PNG|50px]]
| #90
| 90
| [[Plastic]]s/[[Aluminium]]
| [[Plastic]]s/[[Aluminium]]
|plastic toothpaste tubes
| Plastic toothpaste tubes/some vacuum packed coffee bags
|-
|-
| [[File:Recycle-91.png|50px]]
| [[File:Recycle-91.png|50px]]
| #91
| 91
| [[Plastic]]/[[Tinplate]]
| [[Plastic]]/[[Tinplate]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
| #92
| 92
| [[Plastic]]/Miscellaneous [[metal]]s
| [[Plastic]]/Miscellaneous [[metal]]s
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
| #95
| 95
| [[Glass]]/[[Plastic]]
| [[Glass]]/[[Plastic]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
| #96
| 96
| [[Glass]]/[[Aluminium]]
| [[Glass]]/[[Aluminium]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
| #97
| 97
| [[Glass]]/[[Tinplate]]
| [[Glass]]/[[Tinplate]]
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
| #98
| 98
| [[Glass]]/Miscellaneous [[metal]]s
| [[Glass]]/Miscellaneous [[metal]]s
|
|-
|
| 99
| other
|
|
|-
|-
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{{notelist}}
{{notelist}}


== List of Chinese codes for plastics products ==
== Chinese codes for plastics products ==


The Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China (SAC) has defined material codes for different types of plastics in the document GB16288,2008.<ref>Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China (SAC) GB16288,2008. Marking of plastics products. Chinese Standard Publishing House, Beijing; 2008, as cited in E. J. Hunt, C. Zhang, N.Anzalone, and J. M. Pearce. Polymer Recycling Codes for Distributed Manufacturing with 3-D Printers, Resources, Conservation and Recycling 97, pp. 24–30 (2015). DOI: [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.02.004 10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.02.004]</ref>
The Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC) has defined material codes for different types of plastics in the document GB&nbsp;16288-2008. The numbers are consistent with RIC up to #6.<ref>Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China (SAC) GB 16288-2008. Marking of plastics products {{lang|zh|塑料制品的标志}}. Chinese Standard Publishing House, Beijing; 2008, as cited in E. J. Hunt, C. Zhang, N.Anzalone, and J. M. Pearce. Polymer Recycling Codes for Distributed Manufacturing with 3-D Printers, Resources, Conservation and Recycling 97, pp. 24–30 (2015). [[doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.02.004]]</ref>


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
Line 304: Line 318:
| 12 || AMMA || [[Acrylonitrile-methyl-methacrylate]] plastic
| 12 || AMMA || [[Acrylonitrile-methyl-methacrylate]] plastic
|-
|-
| 13 || ASA || [[Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate]] plastic
| 13 || ASA || [[Acrylonitrile styrene acrylate]] plastic
|-
|-
| 14 || CA || [[cellulose acetate]]
| 14 || CA || [[cellulose acetate]]
Line 474: Line 488:
| 97 || PMS || [[Poly-α-methylstyrene]]
| 97 || PMS || [[Poly-α-methylstyrene]]
|-
|-
| 98 || POM || poloxymethylene; polyacetal; polyormaldehyde
| 98 || POM || [[polyoxymethylene]]; polyacetal; polyformaldehyde
|-
|-
| 99 || PPC || carbon dioxide and propylene copolymer
| 99 || PPC || carbon dioxide and propylene copolymer
Line 560: Line 574:
| 140 || VE || [[vinyl ester resin]]
| 140 || VE || [[vinyl ester resin]]
|}
|}

==Alternative recycling labels==
The following recycling label projects are designed with the consumer in mind while SPI or Resin Identification Codes are designed to be recognized by waste sorting facilities. They provide an alternative that eliminates confusion as people often mistake any resin code to be recyclable, but this is not necessarily true. The recyclability of the numbers depends on the abilities of the facilities in the community.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://plasticactioncentre.ca/directory/plastic-by-the-numbers/#:~:text=The%20recycling%20symbol%20found%20on,the%20most%20commonly%20recycled%20plastics.|title = Plastic by the Numbers}}</ref> Thus, they are not all automatically recyclable.

How2Recycle is a project that started in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://how2recycle.info/labels|title=Labels - How2Recycle|website=how2recycle.info}}</ref> The label provides information about the packaging material and clearly indicates whether it is recyclable, partially or totally. If it is not recyclable at all, it is shown by a diagonal line going through the recycling label.

[https://oprl.org.uk/ OPRL] is a not-for-profit organisation that provides simple, consistent 'recycle' & 'refill' labels for retailer & brand packaging in the UK market. The labels clearly state whether the packaging is recyclable or not, helping consumers recycle better, more often.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oprl.org.uk/about-oprl/label-objectives/|title=Label Objectives}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 567: Line 588:
*[[Waste management]]
*[[Waste management]]
*[[Food safe symbol]]
*[[Food safe symbol]]
*[[Bag It (documentary)]]
*[[Bag It (documentary)|''Bag It'' (documentary)]]


==References==
==References==
Line 573: Line 594:


==External links==
==External links==
⚫
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20161012234210/http://www.tamilmani.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/verpackv_3aenderung_en.pdf Packaging Material Codes] Includes lists of material codes in Germany.
{{Commons category|Recycling symbols}}
* [http://www.christiedigital.com/Documents/Supplier%20Documentation/Packaging-Spec-010-101136-02.pdf Christie Engineering Standard – Packaging Labeling and Design for Environment Guidelines] Includes lists of material codes in several countries.
⚫
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161012234210/http://www.tamilmani.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/verpackv_3aenderung_en.pdf Packaging Material Codes] Includes lists of material codes in Germany.


{{Recycling}}
{{Recycling}}

Revision as of 03:08, 28 June 2024

Recycling codes on products

Recycling codes are used to identify the materials out of which the item is made, to facilitate easier recycling process. The presence on an item of a recycling code, a chasing arrows logo, or a resin code, is not an automatic indicator that a material is recyclable; it is an explanation of what the item is made of. Codes have been developed for batteries, biomatter/organic material, glass, metals, paper, and plastics.[citation needed] Various countries have adopted different codes. For example, the table below shows the polymer resin (plastic) codes. In the United States there are fewer, because ABS is placed with "others" in group 7.

A number of countries have a finer-grained system with more recycling codes. For example, China's polymer identification system has seven different classifications of plastic, five different symbols for post-consumer paths, and 140 identification codes.[1] The lack of a code system in some countries has encouraged those who fabricate their own plastic products, such as RepRap and other prosumer 3-D printer users, to adopt a voluntary recycling code based on the more comprehensive Chinese system.[2]

Resin identification codes and codes defined by the European Commission

Symbol Code[3] Description Examples
Plastics (see resin identification code[4][5]) [6]
[a] 1 PET(E) Polyethylene terephthalate Polyester fibers, soft drink bottles, food containers (also see plastic bottles)
[a] 2 PEHD or HDPE High-density polyethylene Plastic milk containers, plastic bags, bottle caps, trash cans, oil cans, plastic lumber, toolboxes, supplement containers
[a] 3 PVC Polyvinyl chloride Window frames, bottles for chemicals, flooring, plumbing pipes
[a] 4 PELD or LDPE Low-density polyethylene Plastic bags, Ziploc bags, buckets, squeeze bottles, plastic tubes, chopping boards
[a] 5 PP Polypropylene Flower pots, bumpers, car interior trim, industrial fibers, carry-out beverage cups, microwavable food containers, DVD keep cases
[a] 6 PS Polystyrene Toys, video cassettes, ashtrays, trunks, beverage/food coolers, beer cups, wine and champagne cups, carry-out food containers, Styrofoam
[a] 7 O (Other) All other plastics Polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), styrene acrylonitrile (SAN), acrylic plastics/polyacrylonitrile (PAN), bioplastics
ABS[citation needed] Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Monitor/TV cases, coffee makers, cell phones, calculators, most computer plastic, Lego bricks, most FFF 3D printed parts that are not bioplastic such as PLA
PA[citation needed] Polyamide (Nylon) Toothbrush bristles, socks, stockings, etc.
Batteries (see also battery recycling)
8 Lead[citation needed] Lead–acid battery Car batteries
9 Alkaline Alkaline battery TV Remote batteries, flashlight batteries
10 NiCD Nickel–cadmium battery Older batteries
11 NiMH Nickel–metal hydride battery
12 Li Lithium battery Cell phone batteries, computer batteries, camera batteries
13 SO(Z) Silver-oxide battery
14 CZ Zinc–carbon battery Flashlight batteries
Paper[6]
20 PAP Corrugated fiberboard (cardboard) Cardboard boxes
21 PAP Non-corrugated fiberboard (paperboard) Cereal and snack boxes
22 PAP Paper Newspaper, books, magazines, wrapping paper, wallpaper, paper bags, paper straws
Metals
40 FE Steel Food cans

41-ALU 		41 ALU Aluminium Soft drink cans, deodorant cans, disposable food containers, aluminium foil, heat sinks
Biomatter/Organic material
50 FOR Wood Furniture, chopping boards, brooms, pencils, cocktail sticks, wooden spoons
51 FOR Cork Bottle stoppers, place mats, construction material
60 COT Cotton Towels, t-shirts, cotton buds/swabs, cotton pads
61 TEX Jute Clothing
62-69 TEX Other textiles
Glass
70 GL Clear Glass Food storage jars
71 GL Green Glass Wine bottles
72 GL Brown Glass Beer, light-sensitive products
73 GL Dark Sort Glass
74 GL Light Sort Glass
75 GL Light Leaded Glass Televisions, high-end electronics display glass like in calculators
76 GL Leaded Glass Older televisions, ash trays, older beverage holders
77 GL Copper Mixed/Copper Backed Glass Electronics, LCD display heads, clocks, watches
78 GL Silver Mixed/Silver Backed Glass Mirrors, formal table settings
79 GL Gold Mixed/Gold Backed Glass Computer glass, formal table settings
Composites (80—99)
80 Paper Paper and miscellaneous metals
81 PapPet Paper + plastic Consumer packaging, pet food bags, cold store grocery bags, Icecream containers, cardboard cans, disposable plates
82 Paper and fibreboard/Aluminium
83 Paper and fibreboard/Tinplate
84 C/PAP (or PapAl) Paper and cardboard/plastic/aluminium Liquid storage containers, juice boxes, cardboard cans, cigarette pack liners, gum wrappers, cartridge shells for blanks, fireworks colouring material, Tetra Brik.
85 Paper and fibreboard/Plastic/Aluminium/Tinplate
87 CSL (Card-Stock Laminate) Biodegradable plastic Laminating material, special occasion cards, bookmarks, business cards, flyers/advertising
90 Plastics/Aluminium Plastic toothpaste tubes/some vacuum packed coffee bags
91 Plastic/Tinplate
92 Plastic/Miscellaneous metals
95 Glass/Plastic
96 Glass/Aluminium
97 Glass/Tinplate
98 Glass/Miscellaneous metals
99 other
  1. ^ a b c d e f g For the resin codes, ASTM International has replaced the three-arrow symbol by a solid, equilateral triangle because "the code is designed for resin-identification purposes and not recyclability".[7] The three-arrow symbol was based on the Universal Recycling Symbol.

Chinese codes for plastics products

The Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC) has defined material codes for different types of plastics in the document GB 16288-2008. The numbers are consistent with RIC up to #6.[8]

Code Abbreviation Name
1 PET polyethylene terephthalate
2 HDPE polyethylene, high density
3 PVC poly(vinyl chloride)
4 LDPE polyethylene, low density
5 PP polypropylene
6 PS polystyrene
7 AB Acrylonitrile-butadiene plastic
8 ABAK Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate plastic
9 ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic
10 ACS Acrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene-styrene
11 AEPDS Acrylonitrile-(ethylene-propylene-diene)-styrene plastic
12 AMMA Acrylonitrile-methyl-methacrylate plastic
13 ASA Acrylonitrile styrene acrylate plastic
14 CA cellulose acetate
15 CAB cellulose acetate butyrate
16 CAP cellulose acetate propionate
17 CEF cellulose formaldehyde
18 CF cellulose-formaldehyde resin
19 CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
20 CN cellulose nitrate
21 COC cycloolefin copolymer
22 CP cellulose propionate
23 CTA cellulose triacetate
24 E/P Ethylene-propylene plastic
25 EAA Ethylene-acrylic acid plastic
26 EBAK Ethylene-butyl acrylate plastic
27 EC ethyl cellulose
28 EEAK Ethylene-ethyl acrylate plastic
29 EMA Ethylene-methacrylic acid plastic
30 EP epoxide; epoxy resin or plastic
31 ETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene plastic
32 EVA Ethylene-vinyl acetate plastic
33 EVOH Ethylene-vinyl alcohol plastic
34 FEP perfluoro (ethylene-propylene) plastic
35 FF Furan-formaldehyde resin
36 LCP Liquid-crystal polymer
37 MABS methyl methacrylate-acrylnitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic
38 MBS methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene plastic
39 MC methyl cellulose
40 MF Melamine-formaldahyde resin
41 MP Melamine-phenol resin
42 MSAN α-methylstyrene-acrylonitrile plastic
43 PA polyamide
44 PAA poly(acrylic acid)
45 PAEK polyaryletherketone
46 PAI polyamidimide
47 PAK polyacrylate
48 PAN polyacrylonitrile
49 PAR polyarylate
50 PARA poly(aryl amide)
51 PB polybutene
52 PBAK poly(butyl acrylate)
53 PBAT poly(butylene adipate/terephthalate)
54 PBD 1,2-polybutadiene
55 PBN poly(butylene napthalate)
56 PBS polybuthylenesuccinate
57 PBT poly(butylene terephthalate)
58 PC polycarbonate
59 PCCE poly(cyclohexlyene dimethylene cyclo-hexanedicar-boxylate)
60 PCL polycaprolactone
61 PCT poly(cyclonhexylene dimethylene terephthalate)
62 PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
63 PDAP poly(diallyl phthalate)
64 PDCPD polydiclopentadiene
65 PEC polyester carbonate or poly(butylene succinate/carbonate)
66 PEC polyestercarbonate
67 PE-C polyethylene, chlorinated
68 PEEK polyetheretherketone
69 PEEST polyetherester
70 PEI polyetherimide
71 PEK polyetherketone
72 LLDPE polyethylene, linear low density
73 MDPE polyethylene, medium density
74 PEN poly(ethylene naphthalate)
75 PEOX poly(ethylene oxide)
76 PES poly(ethylene succinate)
77 PESTUR polyesterurethane
78 PESU polyethersulfone
79 UHMWPE polyethylene, ultra high molecular weight
80 PEUR polyetherurethane
81 VLDPE polyethylene, very low density
82 PF Phenol-formaldehyde resin
83 PFA Perfluoro alkoxyl alkane resin
84 PGA poly(glycolic acid)
85 PHA polyhydroxyalanoic or polyhydroxyalkanoates
86 PHB polyhydroxybutyric acid or polyhydroxybutyrate
87 PHBV poly-(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)
88 PI polyimide
89 PIB polyisobutylene
90 PIR polyisocyanurate
91 PK polyketone
92 PLA polylactic acid or poly lactide
93 PMI polymethacrylimide
94 PMMA poly(methyl methacrylate)
95 PMMI Poly-N-methylmethacrylimide
96 PMP poly-4-methylpenten-1
97 PMS Poly-α-methylstyrene
98 POM polyoxymethylene; polyacetal; polyformaldehyde
99 PPC carbon dioxide and propylene copolymer
100 PPDO Poly(p-dioxanone)
101 PPE poly(phenylene ether)
102 PP-E polypropylene, expandable
103 PP-HI polypropylene, high impact
104 PPOX poly(propylene oxide)
105 PPS poly(phenylene sulfide)
106 PPSU poly(phenylene sulfone)
107 EPS polystyrene, expandable
108 HIPS polystyrene, high impact
109 PSU polysulfone
110 PTFE poly tetrafluoroethylene
111 PTMAT poly(tetramethylene adipate/terephthalate)
112 PTT poly(trimethylene terephthalene)
113 PUR polyurethane
114 PVA poly(vinyl acetate)
115 PVOH poly(vinyl alcohol)
116 PVB poly(vinyl butyral)
117 PVC-C poly(vinyl chloride), chlorinated
118 PVC-U poly(vinyl chloride), unplasticized
119 PVDC poly(vinylidene chloride)
120 PVDF poly(vinylidene fluoride)
121 PVF poly(vinyl fluoride)
122 PVFM poly(vinyl formal)
123 PVK Poly-N-vinylcarbazole
124 PVP Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidine
125 SAN Styrene-acrylonitrile plastic
126 SB Styrene-butadiene plastic
127 SI silicone plastic
128 SMAH Styrene-maleic anyhydride plastic
129 SMS Styrene-α-methylstyrene plastic
130 UF Urea-formaldehyde resin
131 UP unsaturated polyester resin
132 VCE vinyl chloride-ethylene plastic
133 VCEMAK vinyl chloride-ethylene-methyle-acrylate plastic
134 VCEVAC vinyl chloride-ethylene-vinyl acrylate plastic
135 VCMAK vinyl chloride-methyl acrylate plastic
136 VCMMA vinyl chloride-methyl methacrylate plastic
137 VCOAK vinyl chloride-octyl acrylate plastic
138 VCVAC vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate plastic
139 VCVDC Vinylchloride-vynylidene chloride plastic
140 VE vinyl ester resin

Alternative recycling labels

The following recycling label projects are designed with the consumer in mind while SPI or Resin Identification Codes are designed to be recognized by waste sorting facilities. They provide an alternative that eliminates confusion as people often mistake any resin code to be recyclable, but this is not necessarily true. The recyclability of the numbers depends on the abilities of the facilities in the community.[9] Thus, they are not all automatically recyclable.

How2Recycle is a project that started in 2008.[10] The label provides information about the packaging material and clearly indicates whether it is recyclable, partially or totally. If it is not recyclable at all, it is shown by a diagonal line going through the recycling label.

OPRL is a not-for-profit organisation that provides simple, consistent 'recycle' & 'refill' labels for retailer & brand packaging in the UK market. The labels clearly state whether the packaging is recyclable or not, helping consumers recycle better, more often.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China (SAC) GB16288, 2008. Marking of plastics products. Chinese Standard Publishing House, Beijing; 2008.
  2. ^ Emily J. Hunt, Chenlong Zhang, Nick Anzalone, Joshua M. Pearce, Polymer recycling codes for distributed manufacturing with 3-D printers, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 97, pp. 24-30 (2015). DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.02.004
  3. ^ "EUR-Lex - 31997D0129 - EN - EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  4. ^ Plastic Packaging Resins American Chemistry Council
  5. ^ Marking of plastic dishes: see, deciphering markers in plastic containers Plastic how to grind plastic utensils
  6. ^ a b Official Journal of the EC; Commission Decision (97/129/EC) establishing the ID system for packaging materials pursuant to European Parliament & Council Directive 94/62/EC
  7. ^ Jessica Holbrook. Say so long to recycling code arrows. plasticnews.com. June 2013.
  8. ^ Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China (SAC) GB 16288-2008. Marking of plastics products 塑料制品的标志. Chinese Standard Publishing House, Beijing; 2008, as cited in E. J. Hunt, C. Zhang, N.Anzalone, and J. M. Pearce. Polymer Recycling Codes for Distributed Manufacturing with 3-D Printers, Resources, Conservation and Recycling 97, pp. 24–30 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.02.004
  9. ^ "Plastic by the Numbers".
  10. ^ "Labels - How2Recycle". how2recycle.info.
  11. ^ "Label Objectives".
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