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Zou (simplified Chinese: 邹; traditional Chinese: 鄒), originally Zhu (邾) or Zhulou (邾婁), was a minor state that existed during the Zhou dynasty of ancient China.^[1]

History

King Wu of Zhou granted Cao Xia (曹挾) control of the small state of Zhu as a vassal ruler under the State of Lu with the feudal title Viscount (子), but later holding the title Duke of Zhu (邾公).^[2]^[3]^[4] The ancestral surname of the ruling family was Cao (曹).^[1]

During the reign of Duke Mu of Lu (417 BC – 377 BC), Zhu's name was changed to Zou.^[5] The state of Zou was located in the southwest of modern-day Shandong Province.^[6] Its territory is now the county-level city of Zoucheng.

Demise

Zou was conquered and annexed by the state of Chu during the reign of King Xuan of Chu (r. 369–340 BC).^[6] The people of Zou and their descendants adopted the Zhu (朱) or Zou as their surnames.^[3]^[6]

Legacy

Zhu (朱), without the radical, is one of the most common surnames of modern-day China. Another, albeit less common surname Zou (鄒/邹) is also derived from the former name of the state.

The noted Neo-Confucian Zhu Xi descends from the ruling house. The small state of Zou, however, is most famous as the birthplace of the Chinese philosopher Mencius. As the overlord State of Lu was the home state of Confucius and many of his disciples, this means that Confucianism's founder, and most of its minor sages and wise men hailed from or had ancestral roots in these two ancient states of China.

References

^ ^a ^b Li Xueqin (1985). Eastern Zhou and Qin Civilizations. Trans. Kwang-Chih Chang. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03286-2. p. 144
^ Li Chi (1967). The Formation of the Chinese People. Russell & Russell. p. 138
^ ^a ^b Tan, Thomas Tsu-Wee (1986). Your Chinese Roots. Times Books International. ISBN 0-89346-285-3. p. 239
^ Wu Kuo-Cheng (1982). The Chinese Heritage. Crown Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-517-54475-X. p. 306
^ Eno, Robert (2003). "The background of the Kong family of Lu and the origins Ruism". Early China. 28. Cambridge University Press: 1–41 at 27. doi:10.1017/S0362502800000651. JSTOR 23354229. S2CID 20828205.
^ ^a ^b ^c Chao Sheau-Yueh (2000). In Search of Your Asian Roots: Genealogical Research on Chinese Surnames. Clearfield. ISBN 0-8063-4946-8. p. 43

[LXQ-1] Li Xueqin (1985). Eastern Zhou and Qin Civilizations. Trans. Kwang-Chih Chang. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03286-2. p. 144

[LC-2] Li Chi (1967). The Formation of the Chinese People. Russell & Russell. p. 138

[TAN-3] Tan, Thomas Tsu-Wee (1986). Your Chinese Roots. Times Books International. ISBN 0-89346-285-3. p. 239

[WU-4] Wu Kuo-Cheng (1982). The Chinese Heritage. Crown Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-517-54475-X. p. 306

[5] Eno, Robert (2003). "The background of the Kong family of Lu and the origins Ruism". Early China. 28. Cambridge University Press: 1–41 at 27. doi:10.1017/S0362502800000651. JSTOR 23354229. S2CID 20828205.

[CHAO-6] Chao Sheau-Yueh (2000). In Search of Your Asian Roots: Genealogical Research on Chinese Surnames. Clearfield. ISBN 0-8063-4946-8. p. 43

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+'''Zou''' ({{zh|t=[[wikt:鄒|鄒]]|s=[[wikt:邹|邹]]}}), originally '''Zhu''' ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|邾}}}}) or '''Zhulou''' ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|邾婁}}}}), was a minor [[Ancient Chinese states|state]] that existed during the [[Zhou dynasty]] of ancient China.<ref name="LXQ">{{Cite book |author=Li Xueqin |author-link=Li Xueqin |title=''Eastern Zhou and Qin Civilizations |others=Trans. [[Kwang-Chih Chang]] |publisher=Yale University Press|year=1985|isbn=0-300-03286-2}} p. 144</ref>
-{{Chinese text}}
-The '''State of Zōu''' ({{zh|t=鄒|s=邹}}) was a small [[Zhou Dynasty]] vassal [[State (Ancient China)|state]] that existed during the [[Spring and Autumn Period|Spring and Autumn]] and [[Warring States Period]]s of Chinese history (720&ndash;221 BCE).<ref name="LXQ">{{Cite book|first=Xueqin|last=Li|title=''Eastern Zhou and Qin Civilizations|others=Trans. Kwang-Chih Chang|publisher=Yale University Press|date=1985|isbn=0-300-03286-2}} p. 144</ref>.
 ==History==
+[[File:States of Zhou Dynasty.png|thumb|350px|Map of states in Zhou dynasty including Zou]]
-[[King Wu of Zhou]] granted Cao Xie ({{zh|t=曹挾|s=曹挟}}), an agnatic descendant of the [[Yellow Emperor]] through his grandson, the legendary emperor [[Zhuanxu]] (颛顼), control of the small [[State (Ancient China)|state]] of Zhu (邾) as a vassal ruler under the [[Lu (state)|State of Lu]] with the feudal title Viscount, but later holding the title Prince of Zhu (邾王).<ref name="LC">{{Cite book|last=Li|first=Chi|title=The Formation of the Chinese People|date=1967|publisher=Russell & Russell}} p. 138</ref><ref name="TAN">{{Cite book|last=Tan|first=Thomas Tsu-Wee|title=Your Chinese Roots|publisher=Times Books International|date=1986|isbn=0-89346-285-3}} p. 239</ref><ref name="WU">{{Cite book|last=Wu|first=Kuo-Cheng|title=The Chinese Heritage|publisher=Crown Publishers, Inc.|date=1982|isbn=0-517-54475-X}}
+[[King Wu of Zhou]] granted Cao Xia (曹挾) control of the small [[Ancient Chinese states|state]] of Zhu as a vassal ruler under the [[Lu (state)|State of Lu]] with the feudal title [[Viscount]] (子), but later holding the title Duke of Zhu (邾公).<ref name="LC">{{Cite book|last=Li Chi|title=The Formation of the Chinese People|year=1967|publisher=Russell & Russell}} p. 138</ref><ref name="TAN">{{Cite book|last=Tan|first=Thomas Tsu-Wee|title=Your Chinese Roots|publisher=Times Books International|year=1986|isbn=0-89346-285-3|url=https://archive.org/details/yourchineseroots00thom}} p. 239</ref><ref name="WU">{{Cite book|last=Wu Kuo-Cheng|title=The Chinese Heritage|publisher=Crown Publishers, Inc.|year=1982|isbn=0-517-54475-X|url=https://archive.org/details/chineseheritage00wuku}}
- p. 306</ref>  The ancestral surname of the ruling family was Cao (曹)<ref name="LXQ"> p 144</ref>.<br />
+ p. 306</ref>  The ancestral surname of the ruling family was [[Cao (Chinese surname)|Cao]] (曹).<ref name="LXQ" />
+During the reign of [[Duke Mu of Lu]] (417 BC – 377 BC), Zhu's name was changed to Zou.<ref>{{cite journal
-Zhu subsequently changed its name to Zou (鄒).<ref name="CHAO">{{Cite book|last=Chao|first=Sheau-Yueh|title=In Search of Your Asian Roots: Genealogical Research on Chinese Surnames|publisher=Clearfield|date=2000|isbn=0-8063-4946-8}} p. 43</ref> The state of Zou was located in the southwest of modern-day [[Shandong]] Province.<ref name="CHAO"> p. 43</ref>  Its territory is now the county-level city of [[Zoucheng]].
+|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23354229
+|last=Eno |first=Robert
+|journal=Early China
+|title=The background of the Kong family of Lu and the origins Ruism
+|date=2003
+|pages=1–41 at '''27'''
+|volume=28
+|publisher=Cambridge University Press
+|doi=10.1017/S0362502800000651 |jstor=23354229 |s2cid=20828205 }}</ref> The state of Zou was located in the southwest of modern-day [[Shandong]] Province.<ref name="CHAO">{{Cite book|last=Chao Sheau-Yueh|title=In Search of Your Asian Roots: Genealogical Research on Chinese Surnames|publisher=Clearfield|year=2000|isbn=0-8063-4946-8}} p. 43</ref>  Its territory is now the county-level city of [[Zoucheng]].
 ==Demise==
-The state of Zou was conquered and annexed by the [[Chu (state)|state of Chu]] during the reign of [[King Xuan of Chu]] (r. 369&ndash;340 BC).<ref name="CHAO">p. 43</ref> The ruling family and its descendants adopted the Zhu (朱) surname in memory of their former principality of Zhu (邾).<ref name="TAN">p. 239</ref><ref name="CHAO">p. 43</ref>
+Zou was conquered and annexed by the [[Chu (state)|state of Chu]] during the reign of [[King Xuan of Chu]] (r. 369–340 BC).<ref name="CHAO" /> The people of Zou and their descendants adopted the [[Zhu (surname)|Zhu (朱)]] or [[Zou (surname)|Zou]] as their surnames.<ref name="TAN" /><ref name="CHAO" />
 ==Legacy==
-The surname [[Zhu (surname)|Zhu]] remains a prominent one over much of modern-day [[China]] and even overseas.
+[[Zhu (surname)|Zhu]] (朱), without the radical, is one of the most common surnames of modern-day China. Another, albeit less common surname [[Zou (surname)|Zou]] (鄒/邹) is also derived from the former name of the state.
-Interestingly, the noted [[Neo-Confucian]] [[Zhu Xi]] descends from the ruling house.  The small state of Zou, however, is most famous as the birthplace of the Chinese philosopher [[Mencius]].  As the overlord [[State of Lu]] was the home state of [[Confucius]] and many of his disciples, this means that [[Confucianism]]'s founder, and most of its minor sages and wise men hailed from or had ancestral roots in this area of [[China]].
+The noted [[Neo-Confucianism|Neo-Confucian]] [[Zhu Xi]] descends from the ruling house.  The small state of Zou, however, is most famous as the birthplace of the Chinese philosopher [[Mencius]].  As the overlord [[Lu (state)|State of Lu]] was the home state of [[Confucius]] and many of his disciples, this means that [[Confucianism]]'s founder, and most of its minor sages and wise men hailed from or had ancestral roots in these two ancient states of China.
+== See also ==
+* [[Ni (state)|Xiao Zhu]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 22: / Line 34: @@
 [[Category:Ancient Chinese states]]
+[[Category:States of the Warring States period]]
+[[Category:States of the Spring and Autumn period]]
+[[Category:4th-century BC disestablishments in China]]
-{{China-hist-stub}}
+[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 4th century BC]]
+[[Category:11th-century BC establishments in China]]
-[[ca:Zou (estat)]]
+[[Category:States and territories established in the 11th century BC]]
-[[de:Zou (Staat)]]
-[[fr:Zou (État)]]
-[[ko:주 (춘추)]]
-[[ja:チュウ (春秋)]]
-[[no:Zou (stat)]]
-[[pl:Państwo Zou]]
-[[vi:Trâu (nước)]]
-[[zh:邾国]]