Qi (Henan): Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
Yinweiaiqing (talk | contribs) Copying from Category:Ancient Chinese states to Category:States of the Spring and Autumn period using Cat-a-lot |
||
| (48 intermediate revisions by 34 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Minor feudal state in ancient China}} |
|||
{{about|the ancient State of '''Qi''' located in modern day [[Henan Province]]|the ancient state located in [[Shandong Province]]|Qi (Shandong)}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
{{Unreferenced|date=August 2010}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
|native_name = 杞 |
|native_name = 杞 |
||
|conventional_long_name = State of Qi |
|conventional_long_name = State of Qi |
||
|common_name = Qi |
|common_name = Qi |
||
|national_motto = |
|||
|continent = Asia |
|||
|region = East Asia |
|||
|country = China |
|||
|era = |
|era = |
||
|status = |
|status = Duchy |
||
|government_type = [[Monarchy |
|government_type = [[Monarchy]] |
||
|year_start =16th century |
|year_start = 16th century BCE |
||
|year_end = 445 |
|year_end = 445 BCE |
||
|p1 = Zhou Dynasty |
|||
|p2 = |
|||
|s1 = Qin (state) |
|||
|s2 = Qin Dynasty |
|||
|event_start = |
|event_start = |
||
|event_end = |
|event_end = Annexed by [[Chu (state)|Chu]] |
||
|event1 = |
|event1 = |
||
|date_event1 = |
|date_event1 = |
||
| Line 39: | Line 28: | ||
|Philosophy = |
|Philosophy = |
||
|currency = [[Chinese coin]] |
|currency = [[Chinese coin]] |
||
|leader1 = |
|leader1 = [[Duke Donglou]] |
||
|leader2 = |
|leader2 = [[Duke Xilou]] |
||
|year_leader1 = |
|year_leader1 = |
||
|year_leader2 = |
|year_leader2 = |
||
|title_leader = |
|title_leader = Dukes |
||
|deputy1 = |
|||
|year_deputy1 = |
|||
|title_deputy = |
|||
|legislature = |
|||
|stat_year1 = |
|||
|stat_area1 = |
|||
|stat_pop1 = |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Qi''' ({{zh|c={{linktext|杞}}|p=Qǐ}}, [[Old Chinese]]: ''{{IPA|C.qʰ(r)əəʔ}}''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ocbaxtersagart.lsait.lsa.umich.edu/BaxterSagartOCbyMandarinMC2014-09-20.pdf|title=Baxter-Sagart Old Chinese reconstruction, version 1.1 (20 September 2014)}}</ref>) was a minor feudal [[State (Ancient China)|state]] in ancient China that existed from the beginning of the [[Shang dynasty]] (16th century BCE) until the beginning of the [[Warring States period]], {{Circa|445 BCE}}. |
|||
'''Qǐ''' ({{zh|c={{linktext|杞}}}}) was a minor feudal [[State (Ancient China)|state]] that appears in [[Chinese history]] from the beginning of the [[Shang Dynasty]] (16th c. BCE) until the beginning of the [[Warring States Period]], circa 445 BCE. |
|||
==History== |
==History== |
||
Tradition holds the state of Qi was founded when the first king of the Shang dynasty enfeoffed the direct descendants of the royal family of the deposed [[Xia dynasty]] in the area that is now [[Qi County, Kaifeng|Qi County]] in [[Kaifeng]], eastern Henan Province. This practice was referred to as "the two crownings and the three respects" (二王三恪). The state of Qi gradually moved eastward to the area of [[Xintai]] in [[Shandong Province]] until it was finally destroyed by King Hui of [[Chu (state)|Chu]]. |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
The state of Qi was apparently very small in scale, as it is rarely mentioned in ancient Chinese documents except to say that "its affairs are not worth mentioning."<ref>{{ cite book |
|||
| author1= Sima Qian | author1-link= Sima Qian |
|||
| author2= Sima Tan| author2-link= Sima Tan |
|||
| script-title=zh:史記 |
|||
| title= [[Records of the Grand Historian]] |
|||
| orig-year= 90s BCE |
|||
| year = 1959 | publisher= Zhonghua Shuju |
|||
| chapter=[[:zh:s:史記/卷036|9: 陳杞世家]] |
|||
| ref={{sfnref|Shiji}} |
|||
| ⚫ | }}</ref> It is perhaps best known as the inspiration for the popular [[Chinese idiom]], 杞人忧天 (杞人憂天) (''Qǐ rén yōu tiān'', literally, "Qi people lament heaven" or "the people of Qi worry about the sky"), which is said to refer to the fact that the people of Qi often talked anxiously about the [[sky]] falling down on their heads. The idiom is used when mocking a person's needless anxiety over an impossible, inconsequential, or inevitable matter. That being said, its ruler also bore the prestigious title ''[[Gong (title)|gong]]'' ({{zh|c=公|labels=no}}), reserved for the aristocratic families with the oldest pedigrees. It is one of the few such states established by royal edict, compared to the many that were self-declared. |
||
Being descended from the royal house of the Xia dynasty, Qi held considerable importance in terms of culture, for it followed the ancient rituals of the Xia. [[Confucius]], being interested in ancient rites, visited Qi to see them for himself. However, his verdict sounded not quite approvingly: "I could discuss the rites of the Xia, but Qi does not sufficiently attest them." {{lang|zh|夏禮，吾能言之，杞不足徵也}} (''[[Analects]]'' 3:9). |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
| Line 65: | Line 58: | ||
[[Category:Ancient Chinese states]] |
[[Category:Ancient Chinese states]] |
||
[[Category:States of the Spring and Autumn period]] |
|||
[[Category:States of the Warring States period]] |
|||
[[ko:기 (춘추)]] |
|||
[[ |
[[Category:Xia dynasty]] |
||
[[Category:Former monarchies]] |
|||
[[no:Qi (Henan)]] |
|||
[[vi:Kỷ (nước)]] |
|||
[[zh:杞國]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 04:30, 28 June 2024
State of Qi 杞 | |
|---|---|
| 16th century BCE–445 BCE | |
| Status | Duchy |
| Capital | Qi (杞) |
| Common languages | Old Chinese |
| Religion | Chinese folk religion, ancestor worship |
| Regierung | Monarchy |
| Dukes | |
| History | |
• Established | 16th century BCE |
• Annexed by Chu | 445 BCE |
| Currency | Chinese coin |
Qi (Chinese: 杞; pinyin: Qǐ, Old Chinese: C.qʰ(r)əəʔ[1]) was a minor feudal state in ancient China that existed from the beginning of the Shang dynasty (16th century BCE) until the beginning of the Warring States period, c. 445 BCE.
History
[edit]Tradition holds the state of Qi was founded when the first king of the Shang dynasty enfeoffed the direct descendants of the royal family of the deposed Xia dynasty in the area that is now Qi County in Kaifeng, eastern Henan Province. This practice was referred to as "the two crownings and the three respects" (二王三恪). The state of Qi gradually moved eastward to the area of Xintai in Shandong Province until it was finally destroyed by King Hui of Chu.
The state of Qi was apparently very small in scale, as it is rarely mentioned in ancient Chinese documents except to say that "its affairs are not worth mentioning."[2] It is perhaps best known as the inspiration for the popular Chinese idiom, 杞人忧天 (杞人憂天) (Qǐ rén yōu tiān, literally, "Qi people lament heaven" or "the people of Qi worry about the sky"), which is said to refer to the fact that the people of Qi often talked anxiously about the sky falling down on their heads. The idiom is used when mocking a person's needless anxiety over an impossible, inconsequential, or inevitable matter. That being said, its ruler also bore the prestigious title gong (公), reserved for the aristocratic families with the oldest pedigrees. It is one of the few such states established by royal edict, compared to the many that were self-declared.
Being descended from the royal house of the Xia dynasty, Qi held considerable importance in terms of culture, for it followed the ancient rituals of the Xia. Confucius, being interested in ancient rites, visited Qi to see them for himself. However, his verdict sounded not quite approvingly: "I could discuss the rites of the Xia, but Qi does not sufficiently attest them." 夏禮，吾能言之，杞不足徵也 (Analects 3:9).
References
[edit]- ^ "Baxter-Sagart Old Chinese reconstruction, version 1.1 (20 September 2014)" (PDF).
- ^ Sima Qian; Sima Tan (1959) [90s BCE]. "9: 陳杞世家". Records of the Grand Historian 史記. Zhonghua Shuju.