Port of Hamburg: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox port |
{{Infobox port |
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| name =Port of Hamburg <br> <small>{{nobold|Hafen Hamburg}}</small> |
| name = Port of Hamburg <br> <small>{{nobold|Hafen Hamburg}}</small> |
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| image = Landungsbrücken, Hamburg.JPG |
| image = Landungsbrücken, Hamburg.JPG |
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| image_size = 220px |
| image_size = 220px |
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| image_caption = [[Landungsbrücken]] ( |
| image_caption = [[Landungsbrücken]] ("Jetties"), in [[St. Pauli]] quarter |
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| country =Germany |
| country = Germany |
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| location = Hamburg |
| location = Hamburg |
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| coordinates = |
| coordinates = |
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| opened = 7 May 1189<br/>by [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] |
| opened = 7 May 1189<br/>by [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] |
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| operated = <br/>[[Hamburg Port Authority]]<br/>[[HHLA|Hamburg Hafen und Logistik AG (HHLA)]] |
| operated = <br/>[[Hamburg Port Authority]]<br/>[[HHLA|Hamburg Hafen und Logistik AG (HHLA)]] |
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| owner = <br/>[[Hamburg Port Authority]] |
| owner = <br/>[[Hamburg Port Authority]] |
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| type = open tidal port |
| type = open tidal port |
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| sizewater = |
| sizewater = |
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| sizeland = {{convert|43.31|km2|abbr=on}} |
| sizeland = {{convert|43.31|km2|abbr=on}} |
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| size = {{convert|73.99|km2|abbr=on}} |
| size = {{convert|73.99|km2|abbr=on}} |
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| berths = |
| berths = |
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| wharfs =l |
| wharfs = l |
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| piers = |
| piers = |
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| employees = 10,000 (2004) |
| employees = 10,000 (2004) |
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| leadershiptitle = |
| leadershiptitle = |
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| leader = |
| leader = |
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| arrivals = {{increase}} 9,681 (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hafen-hamburg.de/de/schiffsankuenfte-im-hamburger-hafen|title=Welcome to the Port of Hamburg|website=Die offizielle Internetseite des Hamburger Hafens}}</ref> |
| arrivals = {{increase}} 9,681 (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hafen-hamburg.de/de/schiffsankuenfte-im-hamburger-hafen|title=Welcome to the Port of Hamburg|website=Die offizielle Internetseite des Hamburger Hafens}}</ref> |
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| cargotonnage = {{increase}} 145.7 million [[tonne]]s (2014)<ref name="hafen-hamburg.de">{{cite web|url=http://www.hafen-hamburg.de/en/statistics|title=Welcome to the Port of Hamburg|website=The official website of the Port of Hamburg.}}</ref> |
| cargotonnage = {{increase}} 145.7 million [[tonne]]s (2014)<ref name="hafen-hamburg.de">{{cite web|url=http://www.hafen-hamburg.de/en/statistics|title=Welcome to the Port of Hamburg|website=The official website of the Port of Hamburg.}}</ref> |
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| containervolume = {{increase}} 9.73 million TEU (2014)<ref name="hafen-hamburg.de"/> |
| containervolume = {{increase}} 9.73 million TEU (2014)<ref name="hafen-hamburg.de"/> |
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| cargovalue = |
| cargovalue = |
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| passengertraffic = {{increase}} 589,000 passengers (2014)<ref>[http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/215944/umfrage/anzahl-der-kreuzfahrtpassagiere-im-hamburger-hafen/ Anzahl der Kreuzfahrtpassagiere im Hamburger Hafen in den Jahren 2000 bis 2015] (German), [[Statistisches Bundesamt]], Wiesbaden 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016</ref> |
| passengertraffic = {{increase}} 589,000 passengers (2014)<ref>[http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/215944/umfrage/anzahl-der-kreuzfahrtpassagiere-im-hamburger-hafen/ Anzahl der Kreuzfahrtpassagiere im Hamburger Hafen in den Jahren 2000 bis 2015] (German), [[Statistisches Bundesamt]], Wiesbaden 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016</ref> |
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| revenue = {{increase}} [[Euro|€]]1.29 [[billion]] (2018) |
| revenue = {{increase}} [[Euro|€]]1.29 [[billion]] (2018) |
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| profit = |
| profit = |
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| blankstatstitle1 = Main trades |
| blankstatstitle1 = Main trades |
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| blankstats1 = basic pharmaceutical materials, coffee, spice, carpets, paper |
| blankstats1 = basic pharmaceutical materials, coffee, spice, carpets, paper |
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| website = [https |
| website = [https://www.hafen-hamburg.de/en/homepage/] |
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}} |
}} |
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[[Image:Hamburg SPOT 1633L.jpg|thumb|Satellite image of Hamburg. The Port of Hamburg stretches along the Southern shore of the River Elbe |
[[Image:Hamburg SPOT 1633L.jpg|thumb|Satellite image of Hamburg. The Port of Hamburg stretches along the Southern shore of the River Elbe which branches into numerous natural river arms.]] |
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[[Image:Phb dt 8107 CTA.jpg|thumb|Container Terminal Altenwerder]] |
[[Image:Phb dt 8107 CTA.jpg|thumb|Container Terminal Altenwerder]] |
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[[File:Blick über den Brooksfleet auf die Speicher am Brook-1000288.jpg|thumb|View of historic [[Speicherstadt]] warehouses in 2022]] |
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The '''Port of Hamburg''' ({{lang-de|Hamburger Hafen}}, {{IPA-de| |
The '''Port of Hamburg''' ({{lang-de|Hamburger Hafen}}, {{IPA-de|ˈhambʊʁɡɐ ˈhaːfn̩|pron|De-Hamburger Hafen.ogg}}) is a [[sea port|seaport]] on the river [[Elbe]] in [[Hamburg]], [[Germany]], {{convert|110|km}} from its mouth on the [[North Sea]]. |
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Known as Germany's "Gateway to the World" ( |
Known as Germany's "Gateway to the World" ({{lang|de|Tor zur Welt}}),<ref>{{Cite news|last=Schütte|first=Gisela|date=2008-03-09|title=Als Hamburg das "Tor zur Welt" wurde|work=DIE WELT|url=https://www.welt.de/wams_print/article1778095/Als-Hamburg-das-Tor-zur-Welt-wurde.html|access-date=2020-07-25}}</ref> it is the country's largest seaport by volume.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Größte Seehäfen Deutschlands - Güterversand bis 2019|url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/239219/umfrage/groesste-haefen-in-deutschland-nach-gueterversand/|access-date=2020-07-25|website=Statista|language=de}}</ref> In terms of [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEU throughput]], Hamburg is the [[List of busiest ports in Europe|third-busiest port in Europe]] (after [[Port of Rotterdam|Rotterdam]] and [[Port of Antwerp|Antwerp]]) and 15th-largest worldwide. In 2014, 9.73 million TEUs (20-foot standard [[Containerization|container]] equivalents) were handled in Hamburg.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hafen-hamburg.de/de/statistiken/toptwenty|title=Welcome to the Port of Hamburg|website=Die offizielle Internetseite des Hamburger Hafens}}</ref> |
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The port covers an area of {{convert|73.99| |
The port covers an area of {{convert|73.99|km2}} (64.80 km<sup>2</sup> usable), of which 43.31 km<sup>2</sup> (34.12 km<sup>2</sup>) are land areas. The branching Elbe creates an ideal place for a port complex with [[warehousing]] and transshipment facilities. The extensive [[free port]] was established when [[Accession of Hamburg to the German Customs Union (Zollverein)|Hamburg joined the German Customs Union]]. It enabled duty-free storing of imported goods and also importing of materials which were processed, re-packaged, used in manufacturing and then re-exported without incurring customs duties. The free port was abandoned in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wegner|first=Dr Tristan|date=2018-08-16|title=Seezollhafen Hamburg: The dissolution of Freihafen Hamburg|url=https://www.owlaw.com/german-customs-law/10699-seezollhafen-hamburg-the-dissolution-of-freihafen-hamburg/|access-date=2020-07-25|website=O&W Rechtsanwälte|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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{{ |
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2020}} |
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The port is almost as old as the [[history of Hamburg]] itself. Founded on 7 May 1189 by [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] at a strategic location near the mouth of the Elbe, it has been [[Central Europe]]'s main port for centuries and enabled Hamburg to develop early into a leading city of trade with a rich and proud bourgeoisie. |
The port is almost as old as the [[history of Hamburg]] itself. Founded on 7 May 1189 by [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] at a strategic location near the mouth of the Elbe, it has been [[Central Europe]]'s main port for centuries and enabled Hamburg to develop early into a leading city of trade with a rich and proud bourgeoisie. |
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During the age of the [[Hanseatic League]] from the 13th to 16th century, Hamburg was considered second only to the port and city of [[Lübeck]] in terms of its position as a central trading node for sea-borne trade. With discovery of the Americas and the emerging transatlantic trade, Hamburg exceeded all other German ports. During the second half of the 19th century, Hamburg became Central Europe's main hub for transatlantic passenger and freight travel, and from 1871 onward it was Germany's principal port of trade. In her time the [[Hamburg America Line]] was the largest shipping company in the world. Since 1888, the [[HADAG]] runs a scheduled ferry service across various parts of the port and the Elbe. The Free Port, established on 15 October 1888, enabled traders to ship and store goods without going through customs and further enhanced Hamburg's position in sea trade with neighbouring countries. The [[Moldauhafen]] has a similar arrangement, though related to the Czech Republic exclusively. |
During the age of the [[Hanseatic League]] from the 13th to 16th century, Hamburg was considered second only to the port and city of [[Lübeck]] in terms of its position as a central trading node for sea-borne trade. With discovery of the Americas and the emerging transatlantic trade, Hamburg exceeded all other German ports. During the second half of the 19th century, Hamburg became Central Europe's main hub for transatlantic passenger and freight travel, and from 1871 onward it was Germany's principal port of trade. In her time the [[Hamburg America Line]] was the largest shipping company in the world. Since 1888, the [[HADAG]] runs a scheduled ferry service across various parts of the port and the Elbe. The Free Port (Freihafen), established on 15 October 1888, enabled traders to ship and store goods without going through customs and further enhanced Hamburg's position in sea trade with neighbouring countries. It was permanently closed on 1 January 2013.<ref>[https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/schauplaetze/Hamburger-Freihafen-Die-zollrechtliche-Sonderstellung,freihafen176.html History of the Freihafen, by NDR]</ref> The [[Moldauhafen]] has a similar arrangement, though related to the Czech Republic exclusively. |
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The ''[[Speicherstadt]]'', one of Hamburg's architectural icons today, is a large wharf area of 350,000 m |
The ''[[Speicherstadt]]'', one of Hamburg's architectural icons today, is a large wharf area of 350,000 m<sup>2</sup> floor area on the northern shore of the river, built in the 1880s as part of the free port and to cope with the growing quantity of goods stored in the port. |
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Hamburg shipyards lost fleets twice after World War I and World War II, |
Hamburg shipyards lost fleets twice after World War I and World War II. Moreover, during World War II, Hamburg harbour was the hub destination of the [[Hamburg America Line]], that assured the [[Nazi Party]] a connection to the United States for the import of oil and steel, and the export of manufactured goods from Germany thanks to container ships. The shipping line ''Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Aktien-Gesellschaft'' ([[HAPAG]]) gave the name to the so-called shipping company based in Hamburg which used to run the trades of goods on this route. In 1970, along with [[Norddeutscher Lloyd]], the present-day active company [[Hapag-Lloyd]] was founded. |
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During the partition of Germany between 1945 and 1990, the Port of Hamburg lost much of its [[hinterland]] and consequently many of its trading connections. However, since [[German reunification]], [[revolutions of 1989|the fall of the Iron Curtain]] and [[European enlargement]], Hamburg has made substantial ground as one of Europe's prime logistics centres and as one of the world's largest and busiest sea ports. |
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In 2022, the German government let the Chinese state-owned [[COSCO Shipping]] take a stake in ownership of the port.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-scholz-hit-with-backlash-over-plan-for-chinese-investment-in-hamburg-port/a-63505648 | title=Scholz criticized over China's Cosco bid in Hamburg port – DW – 10/20/2022 | website=[[Deutsche Welle]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.euronews.com/2022/10/26/germany-agrees-to-controversial-sale-of-hamburg-port-terminal | title=Germany agrees to controversial sale of Hamburg port terminal | date=26 October 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202210/27/WS635a4376a310fd2b29e7eddf.html | title=COSCO buys 24.9% stake in Hamburg terminal }}</ref> |
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==Access== |
==Access== |
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{{ |
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2020}} |
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Deepening of the river Elbe for large vessels is controversial for [[ecological]] reasons. In part due to cooperation with [[Lower Saxony]] and [[Bremen (state)|Bremen]] to build a new container port ([[JadeWeserPort]]) in the deep waters of [[Jadebusen]] in [[Wilhelmshaven]], Hamburg withdrew from this plan after a change of government in 2001. |
Deepening of the river Elbe for large vessels is controversial for [[ecological]] reasons. In part due to cooperation with [[Lower Saxony]] and [[Bremen (state)|Bremen]] to build a new container port ([[JadeWeserPort]]) in the deep waters of [[Jadebusen]] in [[Wilhelmshaven]], Hamburg withdrew from this plan after a change of government in 2001. |
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== Hamburg Port Authority == |
== Hamburg Port Authority == |
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The port is administered by the Hamburg Port Authority.<ref name="HafenHamburg">{{cite web|title=Hamburg Port Authority|url=https://www.hafen-hamburg.de/en/ |
The port is administered by the Hamburg Port Authority.<ref name="HafenHamburg">{{cite web|title=Hamburg Port Authority|url=https://www.hafen-hamburg.de/en/homepage/|access-date=2016-11-03|publisher=[[Government of Hamburg]]|quote=<!-- As a public service institution, the Hamburg Port Authority is in charge of managing the port for the city-state of Hamburg. It is responsible for development and maintenance of the port infrastructure. --> With around 1,900 employees, it ensures that the Port of Hamburg develops integrated concepts for the future.}}</ref> The Hamburg Port Authority is described as having adopted an innovative approach.<ref name="Bpo">{{cite news|title=Hamburg Port Authority|publisher=[[Baltic Port Organization]]|url=http://www.bpoports.com/hamburg-port-authority.html|access-date=2016-11-03|quote=As an institution under public law, the HPA is in charge of paving the way for the efficient, resource-friendly and sustainable implementation of infrastructure projects in the port.}}</ref> In November 2016 the Hamburg Port Authority ordered a modern [[fireboat]] budgeted at 16 million [[euro]]s.<ref name="MaritimeJournal2016-11-03">{{cite news|date=2016-11-03|title=Super fire-fighting boat for Hamburg|publisher=[[Maritime Journal]]|url=http://www.maritimejournal.com/news101/onboard-systems/safety,-survival-and-training/super-fire-fighting-boat-for-hamburg|access-date=2016-11-03|quote=Hamburg Port Authority (HPA) ordered the latest state-of-the-art fire-combat boat for service from early 2018.}}</ref> |
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== Terminals == |
== Terminals == |
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!Port||Operator||Type||Berths||Quay length||Quay cranes||Area (Ha)||Capacity (kTEU) |
!Port||Operator||Type||Berths||Quay length||Quay cranes||Area (Ha)||Capacity (kTEU) |
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|EUROGATE Container Terminal Hamburg (CTH) || [[Eurogate]] |
|EUROGATE Container Terminal Hamburg (CTH) || [[Eurogate]]|| Containers || 6 || 2,050 m || 21 || 140 || 2,900 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hafen-hamburg.de/content/view/13/13/lang,en/ |title=Hafen Hamburg - Container Terminals in the Port of Hamburg |access-date=2008-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218201224/http://www.hafen-hamburg.de/content/view/13/13/lang,en/ |archive-date=2009-02-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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|[[Container Terminal Altenwerder]] (CTA) || [[Hamburger Hafen und Logistik|HHLA]] || Containers || 4 || 1,400 m || 26 || 110 || > 3,000 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hhla.de/Technical-Data.655.0.html?&no_cache=1&L=1 |title= |
|[[Container Terminal Altenwerder]] (CTA) || [[Hamburger Hafen und Logistik|HHLA]] || Containers || 4 || 1,400 m || 26 || 110 || > 3,000 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hhla.de/Technical-Data.655.0.html?&no_cache=1&L=1 |title=HHLA Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG: Technical Data |access-date=2008-11-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716085403/http://www.hhla.de/Technical-Data.655.0.html?&no_cache=1&L=1 |archive-date=2011-07-16 }}</ref> |
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|Container Terminal Burchardkai (CTB) || HHLA || Containers || |
|Container Terminal Burchardkai (CTB) || HHLA || Containers || 10 || 2,850 m || 22 || 140 || 5,200 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hhla.de/TECHNICAL-DATA.113.0.html?&no_cache=1&L=1 |title=HHLA Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG: TECHNICAL DATA |access-date=2008-11-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716085416/http://www.hhla.de/TECHNICAL-DATA.113.0.html?&no_cache=1&L=1 |archive-date=2011-07-16 }}</ref> |
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|Container Terminal Tollerort (CTT) || HHLA || Containers || 4 || 1,240 m || 12 || 40 || 950<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hhla.de/de/container/tollerort-ctt/technische-daten.html|title=HHLA Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG: Technische Daten|first=Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG, Hamburg|last=Deutschland|website=hhla.de}}</ref> |
|Container Terminal Tollerort (CTT) || HHLA || Containers || 4 || 1,240 m || 12 || 40 || 950<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hhla.de/de/container/tollerort-ctt/technische-daten.html|title=HHLA Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG: Technische Daten|first=Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG, Hamburg|last=Deutschland|website=hhla.de}}</ref> |
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==Cruise== |
==Cruise== |
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{{ |
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2020}} |
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Hamburg is a major cruise destination and one of Europe's largest [[Port#Port of call|ports of call]] for cruise passengers traveling the Atlantic, or the Norwegian and Baltic Seas. The port is also a major location for [[shipbuilder]] and [[shipyard]]s, designing, building and reconditioning yachts and cruise liners. Hamburg has three passenger terminals for [[cruise ship]]s: Hamburg Cruise Center [[HafenCity]], the Hamburg Cruise Center [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]] and the Hamburg Cruise Center [[:de:Hamburg Cruise Center Steinwerder|Steinwerder]], all three capable of processing [[List of largest cruise ships|the world's largest cruise ships]]. |
Hamburg is a major cruise destination and one of Europe's largest [[Port#Port of call|ports of call]] for cruise passengers traveling the Atlantic, or the Norwegian and Baltic Seas. The port is also a major location for [[shipbuilder]] and [[shipyard]]s, designing, building and reconditioning yachts and cruise liners. Hamburg has three passenger terminals for [[cruise ship]]s: Hamburg Cruise Center [[HafenCity]], the Hamburg Cruise Center [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]] and the Hamburg Cruise Center [[:de:Hamburg Cruise Center Steinwerder|Steinwerder]], all three capable of processing [[List of largest cruise ships|the world's largest cruise ships]]. |
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==Culture== |
==Culture== |
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[[Image:Flusschifferkirche 01.jpg|thumb|''Flussschifferkirche'' (Boatman's Church)]] |
[[Image:Flusschifferkirche 01.jpg|thumb|''Flussschifferkirche'' (Boatman's Church)]] |
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Hamburg's harbour is also one of the city's major attractions, both as a vital, industrial, and logistical centre, and as a backdrop for modern culture and harbour history. These include several museum ships, musical theatres, bars, restaurants, and hotels – and even a floating church.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flussschifferkirche.de/home.html|title=Die ev.-luth. Flussschifferkirche zu Hamburg|first=Förderverein der Flussschifferkirche|last=e.V.|website=www.flussschifferkirche.de}}</ref> |
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The annual celebration of the port's birthday (''[[Hafengeburtstag]]'') during the first weekend of May is one of Hamburg's biggest public events. National and international visitors come to experience the festivities. Tugboats perform "ballets", old galleons and new cruise ships are open for tours, and fireworks explode at night. |
The annual celebration of the port's birthday (''[[Hafengeburtstag]]''), during the first weekend of May, is one of Hamburg's biggest public events. National and international visitors come to experience the festivities. Tugboats perform "ballets", old galleons and new cruise ships are open for tours, and fireworks explode at night. |
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Tour guides on boat tours in the port are called [[he lücht]]s (Low German for |
Tour guides on boat tours in the port are called "[[he lücht]]s" (Low German for "he is lying"), after an often used call of dock workers when they overheard the stories told to tourists. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Port of Hamburg}} |
{{Commons category|Port of Hamburg}} |
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* [https |
* [https://www.hafen-hamburg.de/en/homepage/] |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061208214702/http://www.hk24.de/servicemarken/englische_website/location_politics/port.jsp Hamburg Chamber of Commerce] Port of Hamburg: Facts, figures, and outlook |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061208214702/http://www.hk24.de/servicemarken/englische_website/location_politics/port.jsp Hamburg Chamber of Commerce] Port of Hamburg: Facts, figures, and outlook |
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* [http://www.hafencity.com/index.php?set_language=en HafenCity Website] |
* [http://www.hafencity.com/index.php?set_language=en HafenCity Website] |
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* [http://www.volkskunst-hafencity.de/?la=en Arts in the HafenCity] |
* [http://www.volkskunst-hafencity.de/?la=en Arts in the HafenCity] |
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* [http://www.vesseltracker.com/en/Port/HAMBURG/Map.html Ship Movements, Photos & Videos from Hamburg] |
* [http://www.vesseltracker.com/en/Port/HAMBURG/Map.html Ship Movements, Photos & Videos from Hamburg] |
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* List of [https://hamburg-webcams.de/webcams-im-hamburger-hafen/ Webcams in the Port of Hamburg] |
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{{Hamburg}} |
{{Hamburg}} |
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Revision as of 05:28, 28 June 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2008) |
Port of Hamburg Hafen Hamburg | |
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Landungsbrücken ("Jetties"), in St. Pauli quarter | |
![]() Click on the map for a fullscreen view | |
Standort | |
Land | Deutschland |
Standort | Hamburg |
Details | |
Opened | 7 May 1189 by Frederick I |
Operated by | Hamburg Port Authority Hamburg Hafen und Logistik AG (HHLA) |
Owned by | Hamburg Port Authority |
Type of harbour | open tidal port |
Land area | 43.31 km2 (16.72 sq mi) |
Size | 73.99 km2 (28.57 sq mi) |
No. of wharfs | l |
Employees | 10,000 (2004) |
Statistics | |
Vessel arrivals | ![]() |
Annual cargo tonnage | ![]() |
Annual container volume | ![]() |
Passenger traffic | ![]() |
Annual revenue | ![]() |
Main trades | basic pharmaceutical materials, coffee, spice, carpets, paper |
Website [1] |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Hamburg_SPOT_1633L.jpg/220px-Hamburg_SPOT_1633L.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Phb_dt_8107_CTA.jpg/220px-Phb_dt_8107_CTA.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Blick_%C3%BCber_den_Brooksfleet_auf_die_Speicher_am_Brook-1000288.jpg/220px-Blick_%C3%BCber_den_Brooksfleet_auf_die_Speicher_am_Brook-1000288.jpg)
The Port of Hamburg (German: Hamburger Hafen, pronounced [ˈhambʊʁɡɐ ˈhaːfn̩] ) is a seaport on the river Elbe in Hamburg, Deutschland, 110 kilometres (68 mi) from its mouth on the North Sea.
Known as Germany's "Gateway to the World" (Tor zur Welt),[4] it is the country's largest seaport by volume.[5] In terms of TEU throughput, Hamburg is the third-busiest port in Europe (after Rotterdam and Antwerp) and 15th-largest worldwide. In 2014, 9.73 million TEUs (20-foot standard container equivalents) were handled in Hamburg.[6]
The port covers an area of 73.99 square kilometres (28.57 sq mi) (64.80 km2 usable), of which 43.31 km2 (34.12 km2) are land areas. The branching Elbe creates an ideal place for a port complex with warehousing and transshipment facilities. The extensive free port was established when Hamburg joined the German Customs Union. It enabled duty-free storing of imported goods and also importing of materials which were processed, re-packaged, used in manufacturing and then re-exported without incurring customs duties. The free port was abandoned in 2013.[7]
History
The port is almost as old as the history of Hamburg itself. Founded on 7 May 1189 by Frederick I at a strategic location near the mouth of the Elbe, it has been Central Europe's main port for centuries and enabled Hamburg to develop early into a leading city of trade with a rich and proud bourgeoisie.
During the age of the Hanseatic League from the 13th to 16th century, Hamburg was considered second only to the port and city of Lübeck in terms of its position as a central trading node for sea-borne trade. With discovery of the Americas and the emerging transatlantic trade, Hamburg exceeded all other German ports. During the second half of the 19th century, Hamburg became Central Europe's main hub for transatlantic passenger and freight travel, and from 1871 onward it was Germany's principal port of trade. In her time the Hamburg America Line was the largest shipping company in the world. Since 1888, the HADAG runs a scheduled ferry service across various parts of the port and the Elbe. The Free Port (Freihafen), established on 15 October 1888, enabled traders to ship and store goods without going through customs and further enhanced Hamburg's position in sea trade with neighbouring countries. It was permanently closed on 1 January 2013.[8] The Moldauhafen has a similar arrangement, though related to the Czech Republic exclusively.
The Speicherstadt, one of Hamburg's architectural icons today, is a large wharf area of 350,000 m2 floor area on the northern shore of the river, built in the 1880s as part of the free port and to cope with the growing quantity of goods stored in the port.
Hamburg shipyards lost fleets twice after World War I and World War II. Moreover, during World War II, Hamburg harbour was the hub destination of the Hamburg America Line, that assured the Nazi Party a connection to the United States for the import of oil and steel, and the export of manufactured goods from Germany thanks to container ships. The shipping line Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Aktien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG) gave the name to the so-called shipping company based in Hamburg which used to run the trades of goods on this route. In 1970, along with Norddeutscher Lloyd, the present-day active company Hapag-Lloyd was founded.
During the partition of Germany between 1945 and 1990, the Port of Hamburg lost much of its hinterland and consequently many of its trading connections. However, since German reunification, the fall of the Iron Curtain and European enlargement, Hamburg has made substantial ground as one of Europe's prime logistics centres and as one of the world's largest and busiest sea ports.
In 2022, the German government let the Chinese state-owned COSCO Shipping take a stake in ownership of the port.[9][10][11]
Access
Deepening of the river Elbe for large vessels is controversial for ecological reasons. In part due to cooperation with Lower Saxony and Bremen to build a new container port (JadeWeserPort) in the deep waters of Jadebusen in Wilhelmshaven, Hamburg withdrew from this plan after a change of government in 2001.
Hamburg Port Authority
The port is administered by the Hamburg Port Authority.[12] The Hamburg Port Authority is described as having adopted an innovative approach.[13] In November 2016 the Hamburg Port Authority ordered a modern fireboat budgeted at 16 million euros.[14]
Terminals
Port | Operator | Typ | Berths | Quay length | Quay cranes | Area (Ha) | Capacity (kTEU) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EUROGATE Container Terminal Hamburg (CTH) | Eurogate | Containers | 6 | 2,050 m | 21 | 140 | 2,900 [15] |
Container Terminal Altenwerder (CTA) | HHLA | Containers | 4 | 1,400 m | 26 | 110 | > 3,000 [16] |
Container Terminal Burchardkai (CTB) | HHLA | Containers | 10 | 2,850 m | 22 | 140 | 5,200 [17] |
Container Terminal Tollerort (CTT) | HHLA | Containers | 4 | 1,240 m | 12 | 40 | 950[18] |
Buss Hansa Terminal | Multi-Purpose | 840 m | 9 | 30 | |||
Buss Ross Terminal | Multi-Purpose | 230 m | 1 | ||||
Rhenus Midgard Hamburg | Rhenus Midgard Hamburg GmbH | Multi-Purpose | 3 | 500 m | 2 | ||
G.T.H. Getreide Terminal Hamburg | Getreide AG | bulk cargo | 1 | 270 m | |||
Kalikai | K+S Transport GmbH | bulk cargo | |||||
Louis Hagel | Louis Hagel GmbH & Co. KG | bulk cargo | 2 | 300 m | 1 | ||
Steinweg | bulk cargo | 1,150 m | 4 | 250 | |||
Buss Hansa Terminal | liquid cargo | 840 m | |||||
Elbe Mineralölwerke | Royal Dutch Shell | liquid cargo | 8/ship | ||||
Vopak Terminal Hamburg | Vopak | liquid cargo | 840 m | 9 | 720,000 cbm | 5,000 | |
Hamburg Cruise Center Altona | Passenger | 1 | 326 m | ||||
Hamburg Cruise Center HafenCity | Passenger | 2 | 345 m | ||||
Hamburg Cruise Center Steinwerder | Passenger | 1 | 330 m |
Cruise
Hamburg is a major cruise destination and one of Europe's largest ports of call for cruise passengers traveling the Atlantic, or the Norwegian and Baltic Seas. The port is also a major location for shipbuilder and shipyards, designing, building and reconditioning yachts and cruise liners. Hamburg has three passenger terminals for cruise ships: Hamburg Cruise Center HafenCity, the Hamburg Cruise Center Altona and the Hamburg Cruise Center Steinwerder, all three capable of processing the world's largest cruise ships.
Culture
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Hamburg_2008_-Flussschifferkirche-_by-RaBoe_001.jpg/220px-Hamburg_2008_-Flussschifferkirche-_by-RaBoe_001.jpg)
Hamburg's harbour is also one of the city's major attractions, both as a vital, industrial, and logistical centre, and as a backdrop for modern culture and harbour history. These include several museum ships, musical theatres, bars, restaurants, and hotels – and even a floating church.[19]
The annual celebration of the port's birthday (Hafengeburtstag), during the first weekend of May, is one of Hamburg's biggest public events. National and international visitors come to experience the festivities. Tugboats perform "ballets", old galleons and new cruise ships are open for tours, and fireworks explode at night.
Tour guides on boat tours in the port are called "he lüchts" (Low German for "he is lying"), after an often used call of dock workers when they overheard the stories told to tourists.
See also
References
- ^ "Welcome to the Port of Hamburg". Die offizielle Internetseite des Hamburger Hafens.
- ^ a b "Welcome to the Port of Hamburg". The official website of the Port of Hamburg.
- ^ Anzahl der Kreuzfahrtpassagiere im Hamburger Hafen in den Jahren 2000 bis 2015 (German), Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016
- ^ Schütte, Gisela (2008-03-09). "Als Hamburg das "Tor zur Welt" wurde". DIE WELT. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
- ^ "Größte Seehäfen Deutschlands - Güterversand bis 2019". Statista (in German). Retrieved 2020-07-25.
- ^ "Welcome to the Port of Hamburg". Die offizielle Internetseite des Hamburger Hafens.
- ^ Wegner, Dr Tristan (2018-08-16). "Seezollhafen Hamburg: The dissolution of Freihafen Hamburg". O&W Rechtsanwälte. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
- ^ History of the Freihafen, by NDR
- ^ "Scholz criticized over China's Cosco bid in Hamburg port – DW – 10/20/2022". Deutsche Welle.
- ^ "Germany agrees to controversial sale of Hamburg port terminal". 26 October 2022.
- ^ "COSCO buys 24.9% stake in Hamburg terminal".
- ^ "Hamburg Port Authority". Government of Hamburg. Retrieved 2016-11-03.
With around 1,900 employees, it ensures that the Port of Hamburg develops integrated concepts for the future.
- ^ "Hamburg Port Authority". Baltic Port Organization. Retrieved 2016-11-03.
As an institution under public law, the HPA is in charge of paving the way for the efficient, resource-friendly and sustainable implementation of infrastructure projects in the port.
- ^ "Super fire-fighting boat for Hamburg". Maritime Journal. 2016-11-03. Retrieved 2016-11-03.
Hamburg Port Authority (HPA) ordered the latest state-of-the-art fire-combat boat for service from early 2018.
- ^ "Hafen Hamburg - Container Terminals in the Port of Hamburg". Archived from the original on 2009-02-18. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
- ^ "HHLA Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG: Technical Data". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
- ^ "HHLA Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG: TECHNICAL DATA". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
- ^ Deutschland, Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG, Hamburg. "HHLA Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG: Technische Daten". hhla.de.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ e.V., Förderverein der Flussschifferkirche. "Die ev.-luth. Flussschifferkirche zu Hamburg". www.flussschifferkirche.de.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- [2]
- Hamburg Chamber of Commerce Port of Hamburg: Facts, figures, and outlook
- HafenCity Website
- The Elbe Philharmonic Hall Currently under construction in the HafenCity
- Arts in the HafenCity
- Ship Movements, Photos & Videos from Hamburg
- List of Webcams in the Port of Hamburg