2002 Atlantic hurricane season: Difference between revisions
Replacing Hurricane_Lili_02_oct_2002_1645Z.jpg with File:Lili_2002-10-02_1645Z.jpg (by CommonsDelinker because: File renamed: Criterion 4 (harmonizing names of file set)). |
→Hurricane Gustav: better crop Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
||
(35 intermediate revisions by 15 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description| |
{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is a legitimate description when the title is already adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> |
||
{{pp-move-indef}} |
{{pp-move-indef}} |
||
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}} |
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}} |
||
⚫ | |||
{{Infobox tropical cyclone season |
{{Infobox tropical cyclone season |
||
| Basin = Atl |
| Basin = Atl |
||
Line 8: | Line 9: | ||
| First storm formed = July 14, 2002 |
| First storm formed = July 14, 2002 |
||
| Last storm dissipated = October 16, 2002 |
| Last storm dissipated = October 16, 2002 |
||
| Strongest storm by winds name =[[Hurricane Lili|Lili]] |
|||
| Strongest storm name = [[Hurricane Isidore|Isidore]]{{#tag:ref|The "strength" of a tropical cyclone is measured by the minimum barometric pressure, not wind speed. Most meteorological organizations rate the intensity of a storm by this figure, so the lower the minimum pressure of the storm, the more intense or "stronger" it is considered to be. The strongest winds were actually from [[Hurricane Lili|Lili]], at {{convert|145|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.|group="nb"}} |
|||
| Strongest storm |
| Strongest storm by winds pressure=938 |
||
| Strongest storm winds |
| Strongest storm by winds winds=125 |
||
| Strongest storm by pressure name = [[Hurricane Isidore|Isidore]] |
|||
| Strongest storm by pressure pressure = 934 |
|||
| Strongest storm by pressure winds = 110 |
|||
| Average wind speed = 1 |
| Average wind speed = 1 |
||
| Total depressions = 14 |
| Total depressions = 14 |
||
Line 32: | Line 36: | ||
{| class="toccolours" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 style="float:right; margin-left:1em; text-align:right; clear: right;" |
{| class="toccolours" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 style="float:right; margin-left:1em; text-align:right; clear: right;" |
||
|+'''Predictions of tropical activity in the 2002 season''' |
|+'''Predictions of tropical activity in the 2002 season''' |
||
|- |
|- style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;" |
||
||'''Source''' |
||'''Source''' |
||
||'''Date''' |
||'''Date''' |
||
Line 51: | Line 55: | ||
|2.7 |
|2.7 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|''Record high activity''<ref name="CSU Atl">{{cite web| title=North Atlantic Ocean Historical Tropical Cyclone Statistics|url=http://tropical.atmos.colostate.edu/Realtime/index.php?arch&loc=northatlantic|publisher=Colorado State University|location=Fort Collins, Colorado|access-date=July 19, 2023}}</ref> |
|||
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|''Record high activity'' |
|||
|[[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|30]] |
|[[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|30]] |
||
|[[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|15]] |
|[[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|15]] |
||
|[[ |
|[[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|7]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|''Record low activity'' |
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|''Record low activity''<ref name="CSU Atl"/> |
||
|[[ |
|[[1914 Atlantic hurricane season|1]] |
||
|[[ |
|[[1914 Atlantic hurricane season|0]] |
||
|[[2013 Atlantic hurricane season|0]] |
|||
|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|<hr/> |
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|<hr/> |
||
Line 149: | Line 153: | ||
==Seasonal summary== |
==Seasonal summary== |
||
{{For timeline}} |
{{For timeline}} |
||
{{center| |
|||
<div class="center"><timeline> |
|||
<timeline> |
|||
ImageSize = width:800 height:200 |
ImageSize = width:800 height:200 |
||
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:25 left:20 |
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:25 left:20 |
||
Line 178: | Line 183: | ||
PlotData= |
PlotData= |
||
barset:Hurricane width:11 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till |
barset:Hurricane width:11 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till |
||
from:14/07/2002 till:16/07/2002 color:TS text:" |
from:14/07/2002 till:16/07/2002 color:TS text:"Arthur (TS)" |
||
from:04/08/2002 till:09/08/2002 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Bertha (2002)|Bertha (TS)]]" |
from:04/08/2002 till:09/08/2002 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Bertha (2002)|Bertha (TS)]]" |
||
from:05/08/2002 till:08/08/2002 color:TS text:" |
from:05/08/2002 till:08/08/2002 color:TS text:"Cristobal (TS)" |
||
from:29/08/2002 till:04/09/2002 color:TS text:"Dolly (TS)" |
from:29/08/2002 till:04/09/2002 color:TS text:"Dolly (TS)" |
||
from:01/09/2002 till:06/09/2002 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Edouard (2002)|Edouard (TS)]]" |
from:01/09/2002 till:06/09/2002 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Edouard (2002)|Edouard (TS)]]" |
||
Line 216: | Line 221: | ||
text:"[[Saffir–Simpson scale]])" |
text:"[[Saffir–Simpson scale]])" |
||
</timeline |
</timeline> |
||
}} |
|||
[[File:Hurricane Lili over the Gulf of Mexico from the ISS.jpg|thumb| |
[[File:Hurricane Lili over the Gulf of Mexico from the ISS.jpg|thumb|upright=.90|[[Hurricane Lili]] over the [[Gulf of Mexico]] on October 2, as seen by the [[International Space Station]]]] |
||
The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 2002.<ref name="shah">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84879094/the-news-and-observer/|date=July 15, 2002|author=Aarti Shah|title=Storm may be brewing off coast|page=10B|newspaper=The News and Observer|location=Raleigh, North Carolina|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}</ref> It was a near-average season in which 14 tropical cyclones formed. Twelve depressions attained tropical storm status, and four of these reached hurricane status. Two hurricanes further intensified into major hurricanes.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} Activity was suppressed somewhat by an [[El Niño]], which was of near-moderate intensity by August.<ref name="NOAA August"/> Four named storms made landfall in Louisiana, a record which was later tied in [[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|2020]].<ref name="training">{{cite web|url=https://www.weather.gov/media/tae/FL_Tropical_Training_2021/Day1_NHC_FL_TropicalTraining.pdf|title=Record Breaking Hurricane Season 2020 and What's New for 2021|date=2021|author=Ken Graham|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=August 9, 2021}}</ref> Overall, the Atlantic tropical cyclones of 2002 collectively resulted in 50 deaths and around $2.47 billion in damage.<ref> |
The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 2002.<ref name="shah">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84879094/the-news-and-observer/|date=July 15, 2002|author=Aarti Shah|title=Storm may be brewing off coast|page=10B|newspaper=The News and Observer|location=Raleigh, North Carolina|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}</ref> It was a near-average season in which 14 tropical cyclones formed. Twelve depressions attained tropical storm status, and four of these reached hurricane status. Two hurricanes further intensified into major hurricanes.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} Activity was suppressed somewhat by an [[El Niño]], which was of near-moderate intensity by August.<ref name="NOAA August"/> Four named storms made landfall in Louisiana, a record which was later tied in [[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|2020]].<ref name="training">{{cite web|url=https://www.weather.gov/media/tae/FL_Tropical_Training_2021/Day1_NHC_FL_TropicalTraining.pdf|title=Record Breaking Hurricane Season 2020 and What's New for 2021|date=2021|author=Ken Graham|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=August 9, 2021}}</ref> Overall, the Atlantic tropical cyclones of 2002 collectively resulted in 50 deaths and around $2.47 billion in damage.<ref> |
||
* {{cite web| |
* {{cite web|first=Peter |last=Bowyer |publisher=Canadian Hurricane Centre |year=2003 |title=A Climatology of Hurricanes for Canada: Improving Our Awareness of the Threat |access-date=January 7, 2008 |url=http://www.ns.ec.gc.ca/weather/hurricane/climatology/preview_e.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206211508/http://www.ns.ec.gc.ca/weather/hurricane/climatology/preview_e.html |archive-date=February 6, 2009 }} |
||
* {{cite journal|volume=44|number=8|journal=Storm Data|title=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena|date=August 2002|access-date=September 7, 2021|issn=0039-1972|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-DF885BF2-3CEF-418A-ADD3-56C71470D911.pdf |location=Asheville, North Carolina|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907043040/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-DF885BF2-3CEF-418A-ADD3-56C71470D911.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2021}} {{rp|98, 99, 131, 172}} |
* {{cite journal|volume=44|number=8|journal=Storm Data|title=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena|date=August 2002|access-date=September 7, 2021|issn=0039-1972|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-DF885BF2-3CEF-418A-ADD3-56C71470D911.pdf |location=Asheville, North Carolina|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907043040/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-DF885BF2-3CEF-418A-ADD3-56C71470D911.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2021}} {{rp|98, 99, 131, 172}} |
||
* {{cite report |url= |
* {{cite report |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL022002_Bertha}}|title=Tropical Storm Bertha Tropical Cyclone Report|author=Jack Beven|date=November 20, 2002 |publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=September 7, 2021}} |
||
* {{cite journal|volume=44|number=8|journal=Storm Data|title=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena|date=September 2002|access-date=September 7, 2021|issn=0039-1972|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-D1989966-E68B-4011-9DCD-DA921D6E753D.pdf |location=Asheville, North Carolina|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907043710/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-D1989966-E68B-4011-9DCD-DA921D6E753D.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2021}} {{rp|115}} |
* {{cite journal|volume=44|number=8|journal=Storm Data|title=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena|date=September 2002|access-date=September 7, 2021|issn=0039-1972|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-D1989966-E68B-4011-9DCD-DA921D6E753D.pdf |location=Asheville, North Carolina|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907043710/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-D1989966-E68B-4011-9DCD-DA921D6E753D.pdf|archive-date=September 7, 2021}} {{rp|115}} |
||
* {{cite report | url= |
* {{cite report | url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL082002_Gustav}} | title=Hurricane Gustav Tropical Cyclone Report | date=January 14, 2003 | author=Jack Beven | access-date=September 7, 2021 |publisher=National Hurricane Center|format=PDF}} |
||
* {{cite report |author1=James L. Franklin |author2=Jamie R. Rhome |title=Tropical Storm Hanna Tropical Cyclone Report |date=December 16, 2002|publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021 |url= |
* {{cite report |author1=James L. Franklin |author2=Jamie R. Rhome |title=Tropical Storm Hanna Tropical Cyclone Report |date=December 16, 2002|publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021 |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL092002_Hanna}}}} |
||
* {{cite report|author=Cenapred, Cepal y Servicio Sismológico Nacional |publisher=El Almanaque Mexicano|year=2008 |title=Principales desastres naturales, 1980–2005 |access-date=September 7, 2021 |url=http://www.sergioaguayo.org/biblioteca/Libros/Almanaque2008/El%20Almanaque%202008%20-%20Indice%20y%20Capitulo%201%20Geografia.pdf |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003064736/http://www.sergioaguayo.org/biblioteca/Libros/Almanaque2008/El%20Almanaque%202008%20-%20Indice%20y%20Capitulo%201%20Geografia.pdf |archive-date=October 3, 2011 }} |
* {{cite report|author=Cenapred, Cepal y Servicio Sismológico Nacional |publisher=El Almanaque Mexicano|year=2008 |title=Principales desastres naturales, 1980–2005 |access-date=September 7, 2021 |url=http://www.sergioaguayo.org/biblioteca/Libros/Almanaque2008/El%20Almanaque%202008%20-%20Indice%20y%20Capitulo%201%20Geografia.pdf |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003064736/http://www.sergioaguayo.org/biblioteca/Libros/Almanaque2008/El%20Almanaque%202008%20-%20Indice%20y%20Capitulo%201%20Geografia.pdf |archive-date=October 3, 2011 }} |
||
* {{cite report |author=Lixion A. Avila |title=Hurricane Isidore Tropical Cyclone Report |date=July 2, 2003 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021|url= |
* {{cite report |author=Lixion A. Avila |title=Hurricane Isidore Tropical Cyclone Report |date=July 2, 2003 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL102002_Isidore}}}} |
||
* {{cite report |author=Stacy R. Stewart |title=Hurricane Kyle Tropical Cyclone Report|date=November 16, 2002|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=September 7, 2021|url= |
* {{cite report |author=Stacy R. Stewart |title=Hurricane Kyle Tropical Cyclone Report|date=November 16, 2002|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=September 7, 2021|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL122002_Kyle}}}} |
||
* {{cite report |author=Miles B. Lawrence |title=Hurricane Lili Tropical Cyclone Report |date=April 10, 2011 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021 |url= |
* {{cite report |author=Miles B. Lawrence |title=Hurricane Lili Tropical Cyclone Report |date=April 10, 2011 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021 |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL132002_Lili}}}} |
||
* {{Cite report|work=Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency|title=Tropical Storm Lili Situation Report No. 2|publisher=Relief Web|date=October 1, 2002|access-date=September 7, 2021|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/110549}} |
* {{Cite report|work=Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency|title=Tropical Storm Lili Situation Report No. 2|publisher=Relief Web|date=October 1, 2002|access-date=September 7, 2021|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/110549}} |
||
* {{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2002/2002-10-05-lili-haiti.htm|title=Lili killed 4 in Haiti; deaths unreported for a week|date=October 5, 2002|newspaper=USA Today|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522185424/https://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2002/2002-10-05-lili-haiti.htm|archive-date=May 22, 2008}} |
* {{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2002/2002-10-05-lili-haiti.htm|title=Lili killed 4 in Haiti; deaths unreported for a week|date=October 5, 2002|newspaper=USA Today|agency=Associated Press|access-date=September 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522185424/https://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2002/2002-10-05-lili-haiti.htm|archive-date=May 22, 2008}} |
||
Line 234: | Line 240: | ||
|publisher=World Health Organization|date=September 30, 2002|access-date=September 7, 2021|url=http://www.paho.org/English/DD/PED/lili-hur.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050416022342/https://www.paho.org/English/DD/PED/lili-hur.htm|archive-date=April 16, 2005}}</ref> The season ended on November 30, 2002.<ref name="shah"/> |
|publisher=World Health Organization|date=September 30, 2002|access-date=September 7, 2021|url=http://www.paho.org/English/DD/PED/lili-hur.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050416022342/https://www.paho.org/English/DD/PED/lili-hur.htm|archive-date=April 16, 2005}}</ref> The season ended on November 30, 2002.<ref name="shah"/> |
||
Tropical cyclogenesis began with |
Tropical cyclogenesis began with Tropical Storm Arthur, which formed just offshore [[North Carolina]] on July 14. Following the storm's [[Extratropical cyclone|extratropical]] transition on July 16, no further activity occurred until [[Tropical Storm Bertha (2002)|Tropical Storm Bertha]] developed near Louisiana on August 4. Cristobal formed on the next day, while Dolly developed on August 29.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} September featured eight named storms, a record which was later tied in [[2007 Atlantic hurricane season|2007]] and [[2010 Atlantic hurricane season|2010]] and surpassed in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2020/12/a-look-back-at-the-horrific-2020-atlantic-hurricane-center/|author=Jeff Masters|title=A look back at the horrific 2020 Atlantic hurricane season|date=December 1, 2020|publisher=Yale Climate Connections|access-date=September 7, 2021}}</ref> During that month, [[Hurricane Gustav (2002)|Gustav]] reached hurricane intensity on September 11, the latest date of the first hurricane in a season since [[1941 Atlantic hurricane season|1941]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/tropical-cyclones/200209|title=Tropical Cyclones – September 2002|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|date=October 2002|access-date=September 7, 2021}}</ref> While the long-lasting [[Hurricane Kyle (2002)|Kyle]] and [[Hurricane Lili|Lili]] persisted into October, only one tropical cyclone developed that month, Tropical Depression Fourteen on October 14. The depression was absorbed by a [[cold front]] while crossing [[Cuba]] two days later, ending seasonal activity.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} |
||
The season's activity was reflected with a low [[accumulated cyclone energy]] (ACE) rating of 67, the lowest total since [[1997 Atlantic hurricane season|1997]]. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding {{convert|39|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, which is the threshold for tropical storm status.<ref name="ACE">{{cite report|work=Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=June 2019|title=Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT|access-date=September 7, 2021|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> |
The season's activity was reflected with a low [[accumulated cyclone energy]] (ACE) rating of 67, the lowest total since [[1997 Atlantic hurricane season|1997]]. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding {{convert|39|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, which is the threshold for tropical storm status.<ref name="ACE">{{cite report|work=Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=June 2019|title=Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT|access-date=September 7, 2021|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> |
||
Line 249: | Line 255: | ||
| Pressure = 997 |
| Pressure = 997 |
||
}} |
}} |
||
A dissipating [[cold front]] stalled over the northeastern Gulf of Mexico in early July 2002, producing a weak low-level circulation on July 9. The system meandered for the next few days, until a mid-level [[trough (meteorology)|trough]] moved the circulation across the southeastern United States on July 13. On the next day, the system moved along the coast of the Carolinas, producing an organized area of convection over its center. Later that day, the system organized into Tropical Depression One about {{convert|45|mi|km}} west-southwest of [[Hatteras, North Carolina]].<ref name="atcr">{{cite web|author=Miles Lawrence|year=2002|title=Tropical Storm Arthur Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2015-05-26|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL012002_Arthur}}}}</ref> Upon becoming a tropical cyclone, the depression was moving quickly to the east-northeast, due to a deepening [[Surface weather analysis|mid-level low]] south of the [[Canadian Maritimes]]. The depression's track over the [[Gulf Stream]] allowed for steady strengthening,<ref>{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|year=2002|title=Tropical Depression One Discussion One|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-07|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al012002.discus.001.html}}</ref> and it intensified into Tropical Storm Arthur on July 15, as [[rainband]]s developed.<ref name="disc3">{{cite web|author=Jack Beven|year=2002|title=Tropical Depression One Discussion Three|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-07|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al012002.discus.003.html}}</ref> Arthur attained peak winds of {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} early on July 16 about {{convert|490|mi|km}} south-southeast of [[Halifax Regional Municipality|Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]].<ref name="atcr"/> Thereafter, the center became separated from the area of deepest convection,<ref name="disc6">{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|year=2002|title=Tropical Storm Arthur Discussion Six|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-07|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al012002.discus.006.html}}</ref> and Arthur transitioned into an [[extratropical cyclone]] on July 17. The storm turned northward around a larger mid-level low, moving over eastern [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]. On July 19, the remnants of Arthur turned to a southeast drift between Newfoundland and [[Greenland]], and by late in the day its winds decreased to below gale force.<ref name="atcr"/> |
|||
{{Main article|Tropical Storm Arthur (2002)}} |
|||
Arthur formed out of a tropical depression off the coast of [[North Carolina]] on July 14 from a decaying [[Weather front|frontal zone]]. It then moved out to sea, strengthening slightly into a tropical storm on July 15. Arthur gradually strengthened and peaked as a {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} tropical storm on the following day. However, cooler waters and upper-level shear caused it to weaken. By July 17, Arthur had become extratropical, and moved north over [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]. It proceeded to weaken below gale strength.<ref name="Arthur">{{cite report|author=Miles B. Lawrence|date=August 20, 2002 |title=Tropical Storm Arthur Tropical Cyclone Report |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021 |url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL012002_Arthur.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref> The precursor system produced up to {{convert|4.49|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rainfall in [[Weston, Florida]].<ref name="arain">{{cite web |url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/arthur2002.html |title=Tropical Storm Arthur – July 9–15, 2002 |last=Roth |first=David |date=December 3, 2002 |publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center |access-date=November 28, 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101205005953/http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/arthur2002.html| archive-date=December 5, 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> Later, one person drowned in the [[Conne River, Newfoundland and Labrador|Conne River]] in Newfoundland due to Arthur.<ref>{{cite web|author=Peter Bowyer |publisher=Canadian Hurricane Centre |year=2003 |title=A Climatology of Hurricanes for Canada: Improving Our Awareness of the Threat |access-date=January 7, 2008 |url=http://www.ns.ec.gc.ca/weather/hurricane/climatology/preview_e.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206211508/http://www.ns.ec.gc.ca/weather/hurricane/climatology/preview_e.html |archive-date=February 6, 2009 }}</ref> |
|||
The precursor tropical disturbance dropped rainfall across [[Florida]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and [[South Carolina]],<ref name="atcr"/> peaking at {{convert|4.49|in|mm}} in [[Weston, Florida]]. The system produced scattered precipitation across [[North Carolina]], generally between {{convert|1|-|3|in|mm|0|abbr=off}}.<ref name="rain">{{cite web|author=David Roth|year=2007|title=Rainfall Summary for Tropical Storm Arthur|publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center|access-date=2008-01-07|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/arthur2002.html}}</ref> On July 16, Arthur passed north of [[Bermuda]], where it brought gusty winds and {{convert|0.57|in|mm}} of rainfall.<ref>{{cite web|author=Bermuda Weather Service|year=2002|title=Bermuda Weather for July 2002|access-date=2008-01-07|url=http://www.weather.bm/data/2002-07.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208145000/http://www.weather.bm/data/2002-07.html|archive-date=2012-02-08}}</ref> As an extratropical storm, Arthur produced gusty winds and dropped about {{convert|1|in|mm}} of rainfall in [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]].<ref name="atcr"/> Strong waves capsized a boat in the [[Conne River, Newfoundland and Labrador|Conne River]], killing one person.<ref>{{cite web|author=Environment Canada|year=2009|title=2002-Arthur|access-date=2010-05-23|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=9E5AA571-1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005233432/http://www.ec.gc.ca/hurricane/default.asp?lang=En&n=9E5AA571-1|archive-date=2013-10-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
|||
{{clear}} |
{{clear}} |
||
Line 266: | Line 273: | ||
A surface trough of low pressure that would later spawn Tropical Storm Cristobal developed a tropical depression in the northern Gulf of Mexico on August 4. It quickly strengthened into a minimal tropical storm early on August 5, and made landfall near [[Boothville, Louisiana]], just two hours later. Bertha weakened to a tropical depression, but retained its circulation over Louisiana. A high-pressure system built southward, unexpectedly forcing the depression to the southwest. It emerged back over the [[Gulf of Mexico]] on August 7, where proximity to land and dry air prevented further strengthening. Bertha moved westward and made a second landfall near [[Kingsville, Texas]], on August 9 with winds of only {{convert|25|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. The storm dissipated about 10 hours later.<ref name="btcr"/> |
A surface trough of low pressure that would later spawn Tropical Storm Cristobal developed a tropical depression in the northern Gulf of Mexico on August 4. It quickly strengthened into a minimal tropical storm early on August 5, and made landfall near [[Boothville, Louisiana]], just two hours later. Bertha weakened to a tropical depression, but retained its circulation over Louisiana. A high-pressure system built southward, unexpectedly forcing the depression to the southwest. It emerged back over the [[Gulf of Mexico]] on August 7, where proximity to land and dry air prevented further strengthening. Bertha moved westward and made a second landfall near [[Kingsville, Texas]], on August 9 with winds of only {{convert|25|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. The storm dissipated about 10 hours later.<ref name="btcr"/> |
||
Across the [[Gulf Coast of the United States]], Bertha dropped light to moderate rainfall; most areas received less than {{convert|3|in|mm}}. Precipitation from the storm peaked at {{convert|10.25|in|mm}} in [[Norwood, Louisiana]]. Minor flooding was reported, which caused light damage to a few businesses, 15 to 25 houses, and some roadways. Overall, damage was very minor, totaling to $200,000 (2002 USD) in damage.<ref name="Maestro">{{cite web |url=http://maestro.srcc.lsu.edu/softlib/sd/sd0208.pdf |title=Damage report on Bertha |year=2002 |publisher=[[Louisiana State University]] |access-date=November 28, 2010 }}{{dead link|date=June 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> In addition, one death was reported due to Bertha, a drowning due to heavy surf in Florida.<ref name="btcr">{{cite report |url= |
Across the [[Gulf Coast of the United States]], Bertha dropped light to moderate rainfall; most areas received less than {{convert|3|in|mm}}. Precipitation from the storm peaked at {{convert|10.25|in|mm}} in [[Norwood, Louisiana]]. Minor flooding was reported, which caused light damage to a few businesses, 15 to 25 houses, and some roadways. Overall, damage was very minor, totaling to $200,000 (2002 USD) in damage.<ref name="Maestro">{{cite web |url=http://maestro.srcc.lsu.edu/softlib/sd/sd0208.pdf |title=Damage report on Bertha |year=2002 |publisher=[[Louisiana State University]] |access-date=November 28, 2010 }}{{dead link|date=June 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> In addition, one death was reported due to Bertha, a drowning due to heavy surf in Florida.<ref name="btcr">{{cite report |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL022002_Bertha}}|title=Tropical Storm Bertha Tropical Cyclone Report|author=Jack Beven|date=November 20, 2002 |publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=September 7, 2021|format=PDF}}</ref> |
||
{{clear}} |
{{clear}} |
||
Line 279: | Line 286: | ||
| Pressure = 999 |
| Pressure = 999 |
||
}} |
}} |
||
A [[trough (meteorology)|trough]] extended from the northern [[Gulf of Mexico]] to the western [[Atlantic Ocean]] in early August, producing [[Tropical Storm Bertha (2002)|Tropical Storm Bertha]] in the [[Gulf of Mexico]], as well as a low pressure area off the coast of [[South Carolina]]. The second low moved eastward and slowly organized, developing into Tropical Depression Three late on August 5, about 175 miles (280 km/h) east-southeast of [[Charleston, South Carolina]].<ref name="ctcr"/> The developing depression had rainbands and outflow. It moved southeastward at first around the northeastern periphery of an [[anticyclone]] over [[Florida]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Jack Beven|year=2002|title=Tropical Depression Three Discussion One|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-08|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al032002.discus.001.html}}</ref> Although the convection was confined to its southern half, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Cristobal on August 6. On August 7 the storm turned eastward, due to the influence of a large approaching mid to upper-level frontal zone. As the convection organized further, Cristobal intensified somewhat and attained peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h). On August 8, increased dry air weakened the convection and caused Cristobal to accelerate east-northeastward. The low-level circulation interacted with the approaching frontal zone, and by 0000 UTC on August 9 Tropical Storm Cristobal was absorbed by the cold front about 350 miles (560 km) southeast of [[Cape Hatteras, North Carolina]].<ref name="ctcr"/> The remnants continued northeastward, passing near [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] on August 10 before weakening near [[Greenland]] on August 14.<ref name="gp">{{cite web|author=Gary Padgett|year=2002|title=Worldwide Tropical Summary for August 2002|access-date=2008-01-08|url=http://www.australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2003/summ0208.htm}}</ref><ref name="ctcr">{{cite report |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL032002_Cristobal}}|title=Tropical Storm Cristobal Tropical Cyclone Report|author=James L. Franklin|date=August 22, 2002 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021|format=PDF}}</ref> |
|||
⚫ | |||
On August 5, Tropical Depression Three formed off the coast of [[South Carolina]] from a surface trough of low pressure – the same trough that spawned Tropical Storm Bertha in the Gulf of Mexico. Under a southerly flow, the depression drifted southward, where dry air and wind shear inhibited significant development. On August 7, it became Tropical Storm Cristobal, and reached a peak of {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} on August 8. The storm meandered eastward and was absorbed by a front on August 9.<ref name="ctcr">{{cite report |url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL032002_Cristobal.pdf |title=Tropical Storm Cristobal Tropical Cyclone Report|author=James L. Franklin|date=August 22, 2002 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021|format=PDF}}</ref> |
|||
As a tropical cyclone, Cristobal had minimal effects on land.<ref name="tcr">{{cite web|author=James Franklin|year=2002|title=Tropical Storm Cristobal Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2015-05-26|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL032002_Cristobal}}}}</ref> However, its remnants brought unsettled conditions to [[Bermuda]], including a 45 mph (72 km/h) wind gust at the [[Bermuda International Airport]]. The combination of moisture from Cristobal and cold front into which it was absorbed produced 2.78 inches (71 mm) of rain there in a 24‑hour period.<ref>{{cite web|author=Bermuda Weather Service |year=2002 |title=Bermuda Weather for August 2002 |access-date=2008-01-08 |url=http://www.weather.bm/data/2002-08.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208145015/http://www.weather.bm/data/2002-08.html |archive-date=2012-02-08 }}</ref> An annual powerboat race circumnavigating Bermuda had to be postponed by a week because of the adverse weather.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rough weather foils Around the Island racers|date=August 12, 2002|newspaper=The Royal Gazette|access-date=February 2, 2020|url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20020812/SPORT/308129969}}</ref> Although Cristobal remained offshore during its evolution, rough seas and [[rip currents]] were felt along portions of the [[U.S. East Coast]]. On August 9, lifeguards in [[Volusia County, Florida]], rescued about 25 swimmers caught in rip currents.<ref>{{cite news|author=Alicia A. Caldwell|date=August 10, 2002|title=This weekend, Atlantic coastline harbors a hazard|newspaper=The Orlando Sentinel|access-date=February 2, 2020|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43483491/the_orlando_sentinel/}} {{open access}}</ref> Offshore winds from the storm were credited with ending a widespread outbreak of [[jellyfish]] stings affecting bathers along the northern Atlantic coast of Florida. Some 1,000 stings had been reported.<ref>{{cite news|author=The Associated Press|date=August 10, 2002|title=Winds sweep jellyfish off of northeast Fla. coast|newspaper=The Palm Beach Post|access-date=February 2, 2020|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43484137/the_palm_beach_post/}} {{open access}}</ref> Later, the extratropical remnants of Cristobal continued to interact with a high pressure system over the [[Mid-Atlantic states]] to generate dangerous swimming conditions further north. Along the south shore of [[Long Island]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[significant wave height]]s reached 4 feet (1.2 m), and rip currents resulted in three drowning deaths on August 10: one in [[Montauk, New York|Montauk]]; one just east of [[Moriches Inlet]]; and one off [[Rockaway Beach, Queens|Rockaway Beach]].<ref>{{cite web|author=National Climatic Data Center|year=2002|title=Event Report for New York|access-date=2008-01-08|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~469434|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520001826/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~469434|archive-date=2011-05-20}}</ref> In the latter case, the victim had become exhausted after swimming out to save his son-in-law, an inexperienced swimmer, from the rip current.<ref>{{cite news|author=Tamer El-Ghobashy|date=August 12, 2002|title=He saves son-in-law, but drowns in surf|newspaper=The New York Daily News|access-date=February 2, 2020|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43490393/daily_news/}} {{open access}}</ref> |
|||
The interaction between the extratropical remnant and a high-pressure system produced strong rip currents along the coastline of [[Long Island]]. The storm also caused waves of three to four ft (1.2 m) in height. Three people drowned from the rip currents and waves in New York.<ref name="Maestro-Cristobal">{{cite web |url=http://maestro.srcc.lsu.edu/softlib/sd/sd0208.pdf |title=Damage Report on Cristobal |year=2002 |publisher=Louisiana State University |access-date=November 28, 2010 }}{{dead link|date=June 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |
|||
{{clear}} |
{{clear}} |
||
Line 295: | Line 301: | ||
| Pressure = 997 |
| Pressure = 997 |
||
}} |
}} |
||
A tropical wave exited the African coast on August 27,<ref name="dtcr">{{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila |publisher=National Hurricane Center |date=October 12, 2002 |access-date=September 7, 2021 |title=Tropical Storm Dolly Tropical Cyclone Report |url= |
A tropical wave exited the African coast on August 27,<ref name="dtcr">{{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila |publisher=National Hurricane Center |date=October 12, 2002 |access-date=September 7, 2021 |title=Tropical Storm Dolly Tropical Cyclone Report |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL042002_Dolly}}}}</ref> and with low favorable conditions the system organized into Tropical Depression Four on August 29 about {{convert|630|mi|km|abbr=on}} southwest of Cape Verde.<ref>{{cite web |author=Lixion A. Avila | publisher=National Hurricane Center | date=August 29, 2002 | access-date=September 7, 2008 | title=Tropical Depression Four Discussion One |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al042002.discus.001.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081020220428/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al042002.discus.001.html| archive-date=October 20, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> Six hours later, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Dolly after developing sufficient outflow and curved [[Tropical cyclone#Background|banding features]].<ref>{{cite web | author=Lixion A. Avila | publisher=National Hurricane Center | date=August 29, 2002 | access-date=September 7, 2008 | title=Tropical Storm Dolly Discussion Two |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al042002.discus.002.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081004070220/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al042002.discus.002.html| archive-date=October 4, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> The storm continued to intensify as more convection developed,<ref>{{cite web | author=Jack Beven | publisher=National Hurricane Center | date=August 29, 2002 | access-date=September 7, 2008 | title=Tropical Storm Dolly Discussion Three |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al042002.discus.003.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081020220358/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al042002.discus.003.html| archive-date=October 20, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> and Dolly reached peaked winds of {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} on August 30.<ref name="dtcr"/> After peaking in intensity, the storm suddenly lost organization,<ref>{{cite web | author=Lixion A. Avila | publisher=National Hurricane Center | date=August 30, 2002 | access-date=September 7, 2008 | title=Tropical Storm Dolly Discussion Six |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al042002.discus.006.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081020214219/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al042002.discus.006.html| archive-date=October 20, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> and the winds decreased to minimal tropical storm force.<ref>{{cite web | author=Lixion A. Avila | publisher=National Hurricane Center | date=August 31, 2002 | access-date=September 7, 2008 | title=Tropical Storm Dolly Discussion Nine |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al042002.discus.009.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081020222233/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al042002.discus.009.html| archive-date=October 20, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> After a brief re-intensification trend, Dolly again weakened due to wind shear. On September 4, Dolly weakened to a tropical depression, and later that day was absorbed by the trough; it never affected land.<ref name="dtcr"/> |
||
{{clear}} |
{{clear}} |
||
Line 311: | Line 317: | ||
Edouard formed out of an area of disturbed weather north of the [[Bahamas]] on September 2. It drifted northward, then executed a clockwise loop off the coast of Florida. Despite dry air and moderate upper-level shear, Edouard strengthened to a peak of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} winds, but the unfavorable conditions caught up with it. The storm weakened as it turned west-southwestward, and made landfall near [[Ormond Beach, Florida]] on September 5 as a minimal tropical storm. Edouard crossed Florida, and emerged over the Gulf of Mexico as a minimal depression. Outflow from the stronger Tropical Storm Fay caused Tropical Depression Edouard to weaken further, and Edouard was eventually absorbed by Fay.<ref name="etcr"/> |
Edouard formed out of an area of disturbed weather north of the [[Bahamas]] on September 2. It drifted northward, then executed a clockwise loop off the coast of Florida. Despite dry air and moderate upper-level shear, Edouard strengthened to a peak of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} winds, but the unfavorable conditions caught up with it. The storm weakened as it turned west-southwestward, and made landfall near [[Ormond Beach, Florida]] on September 5 as a minimal tropical storm. Edouard crossed Florida, and emerged over the Gulf of Mexico as a minimal depression. Outflow from the stronger Tropical Storm Fay caused Tropical Depression Edouard to weaken further, and Edouard was eventually absorbed by Fay.<ref name="etcr"/> |
||
Tropical Storm Edouard dropped moderate rainfall across Florida, peaking at {{convert|7.64|in|mm}} in [[DeSoto County, Florida|DeSoto County]].{{Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima}} Though it was a tropical storm at landfall, winds were light across the path of the storm over land. Several roads were flooded from moderate precipitation. No casualties were reported, and damage was minimal.<ref name="etcr">{{cite journal |url= |
Tropical Storm Edouard dropped moderate rainfall across Florida, peaking at {{convert|7.64|in|mm}} in [[DeSoto County, Florida|DeSoto County]].{{Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima}} Though it was a tropical storm at landfall, winds were light across the path of the storm over land. Several roads were flooded from moderate precipitation. No casualties were reported, and damage was minimal.<ref name="etcr">{{cite journal |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL052002_Edouard}}|title=Tropical Storm Edouard |journal=Tropical Cyclone Report |author= Richard J. Pasch|date=January 16, 2003 |publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=September 7, 2021}}</ref> |
||
{{Clear}} |
{{Clear}} |
||
Line 326: | Line 331: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Main article|Tropical Storm Fay (2002)}} |
{{Main article|Tropical Storm Fay (2002)}} |
||
In early September, a low pressure center developed along a trough of low pressure, and on September 5, the system had gained sufficient organization to be a [[Tropical Cyclone|tropical depression]], to the southeast of [[Galveston, Texas|Galveston]]. The depression drifted south-southwest while strengthening into Tropical Storm Fay, reaching its peak strength of {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} on the morning of September 6. The system then abruptly turned to the west-northwest, and remained steady in strength and course until landfall the next day, near [[Matagorda, Texas|Matagorda]]. It quickly degenerated into a remnant low, which itself moved slowly southwestward over Texas. The low eventually dissipated on September 11 over northeastern Mexico.<ref name="ftcr">{{cite report|author=Stacy R. Stewart |title=Tropical Storm Fay Tropical Cyclone Report |date=June 23, 2003 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021 |url= |
In early September, a low pressure center developed along a trough of low pressure, and on September 5, the system had gained sufficient organization to be a [[Tropical Cyclone|tropical depression]], to the southeast of [[Galveston, Texas|Galveston]]. The depression drifted south-southwest while strengthening into Tropical Storm Fay, reaching its peak strength of {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} on the morning of September 6. The system then abruptly turned to the west-northwest, and remained steady in strength and course until landfall the next day, near [[Matagorda, Texas|Matagorda]]. It quickly degenerated into a remnant low, which itself moved slowly southwestward over Texas. The low eventually dissipated on September 11 over northeastern Mexico.<ref name="ftcr">{{cite report|author=Stacy R. Stewart |title=Tropical Storm Fay Tropical Cyclone Report |date=June 23, 2003 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021 |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL062002_Fay}}}}</ref> |
||
The storm brought heavy rainfall in Mexico and Texas. The storm also caused six tornadoes, up to {{convert|20|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rain, and extended periods of tropical storm force winds.<ref name="ftcr"/> The storm caused moderate flooding in some areas due to high rainfall amounts, which left about 400 homes with some form of damage. In total, 400 houses sustained damage from flooding.<ref name="Red Cross">{{cite web|author=Red Cross |title=Tropical Storm Fay strikes south Texas |date=September 9, 2002 |publisher=Red Cross|access-date=August 10, 2008 |url=http://www.redcross.org/news/ds/floods/020909texas.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080827114739/http://www.redcross.org/news/ds/floods/020909texas.html| archive-date=August 27, 2008 | url-status= dead}}</ref> 1,575 houses were damaged from the flooding or tornadic damage, 23 severely, amounting to $4.5 million (2002 USD) in damage. No deaths are attributed to Fay.<ref name="Maestro-Fay">{{cite web |url=http://maestro.srcc.lsu.edu/softlib/sd/sd0209.pdf |title=Maestro damage report on Fay |year=2002 |publisher=Louisiana State University |access-date=November 28, 2010 }}{{dead link|date=June 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |
The storm brought heavy rainfall in Mexico and Texas. The storm also caused six tornadoes, up to {{convert|20|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rain, and extended periods of tropical storm force winds.<ref name="ftcr"/> The storm caused moderate flooding in some areas due to high rainfall amounts, which left about 400 homes with some form of damage. In total, 400 houses sustained damage from flooding.<ref name="Red Cross">{{cite web|author=Red Cross |title=Tropical Storm Fay strikes south Texas |date=September 9, 2002 |publisher=Red Cross|access-date=August 10, 2008 |url=http://www.redcross.org/news/ds/floods/020909texas.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080827114739/http://www.redcross.org/news/ds/floods/020909texas.html| archive-date=August 27, 2008 | url-status= dead}}</ref> 1,575 houses were damaged from the flooding or tornadic damage, 23 severely, amounting to $4.5 million (2002 USD) in damage. No deaths are attributed to Fay.<ref name="Maestro-Fay">{{cite web |url=http://maestro.srcc.lsu.edu/softlib/sd/sd0209.pdf |title=Maestro damage report on Fay |year=2002 |publisher=Louisiana State University |access-date=November 28, 2010 }}{{dead link|date=June 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |
||
Line 341: | Line 346: | ||
| Pressure = 1013 |
| Pressure = 1013 |
||
}} |
}} |
||
A [[tropical wave]] exited Africa on September 1, and after initial development became disorganized. It moved west-northwestward for a week, reorganizing enough by September 7 to be declared Tropical Depression Seven about {{convert|1155|mi|km|abbr=on}} east-southeast of [[Bermuda]].<ref name="7TCR">{{cite report|author=Miles B. Lawrence |publisher=National Hurricane Center |date=October 30, 2002 |access-date=September 7, 2021|title=Tropical Depression Seven Tropical Cyclone Report |url= |
A [[tropical wave]] exited Africa on September 1, and after initial development became disorganized. It moved west-northwestward for a week, reorganizing enough by September 7 to be declared Tropical Depression Seven about {{convert|1155|mi|km|abbr=on}} east-southeast of [[Bermuda]].<ref name="7TCR">{{cite report|author=Miles B. Lawrence |publisher=National Hurricane Center |date=October 30, 2002 |access-date=September 7, 2021|title=Tropical Depression Seven Tropical Cyclone Report |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL072002_Seven}}}}</ref> At the time, the depression had persistent convection around a small circulation, and it moved steadily westward due to a [[high-pressure area|ridge]] to its north.<ref name="D1">{{cite web |author1=Lixion Avila |author2=Martin Nelson | publisher=National Hurricane Center| date=September 7, 2002 | access-date=October 25, 2008 | title=Tropical Depression Seven Discussion One |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al072002.discus.001.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081021155227/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al072002.discus.001.html| archive-date=October 21, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> Shortly after forming, strong [[wind shear]] diminished the convection and left the center partially exposed.<ref name="D2">{{cite web | author=Miles Lawrence | publisher=National Hurricane Center | date=September 7, 2002 | access-date=October 25, 2008 | title=Tropical Depression Seven Discussion Two |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al072002.discus.002.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081021160114/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al072002.discus.002.html| archive-date=October 21, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> By September 8, there was no remaining thunderstorm activity,<ref name="D4">{{cite web | author=Richard Pasch | publisher=National Hurricane Center | date=September 8, 2002 | access-date=October 25, 2008 | title=Tropical Depression Seven Discussion Four |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al072002.discus.004.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081021155322/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al072002.discus.004.html| archive-date=October 21, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> and the depression degenerated into a [[low-pressure area|remnant low-pressure area]].<ref name="D5">{{cite web | author=Miles Lawrence | publisher=National Hurricane Center | date=September 8, 2002 | access-date=October 25, 2008 | title=Remnant Low Seven Discussion Five |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al072002.discus.005.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081021155156/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al072002.discus.005.html| archive-date=October 21, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> The storm dissipated shortly after as strong wind shear continued to cause the storm to deteriorate while located 980 mi (1580 mi) southeast of Bermuda. The depression never affected land.<ref name="7TCR"/> |
||
{{clear}} |
{{clear}} |
||
Line 347: | Line 352: | ||
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small |
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small |
||
| Basin = Atl |
| Basin = Atl |
||
| Image = |
| Image = Hurricane Gustav 11 sept 2002 1800Z (cropped).jpg |
||
| Track = Gustav 2002 track.png |
| Track = Gustav 2002 track.png |
||
| Formed = September 8 |
| Formed = September 8 |
||
Line 355: | Line 360: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Main article|Hurricane Gustav (2002)}} |
{{Main article|Hurricane Gustav (2002)}} |
||
An area of unsettled weather developed between the [[Bahamas]] and Bermuda on September 6, and over the next few days convection increased in intensity and coverage. On September 8, the system gained sufficient organization to be declared a subtropical depression off the Southeast United States coast; later that day, the system was named Subtropical Storm Gustav. After attaining tropical characteristics on September 10, Gustav passed slightly to the east of the [[Outer Banks]] of North Carolina as a tropical storm before. While moving northeastward, Gustav intensified into a hurricane on September 11 and briefly became a Category 2 hurricane, prior to making two landfalls in [[Atlantic Canada]] as a Category 1 hurricane on September 12. Gustav became extratropical over [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] around 1200 UTC that day, though the remnants meandered over the [[Labrador Sea]] before dissipating on September 15.<ref name="gustavtcr">{{cite report | url= |
An area of unsettled weather developed between the [[Bahamas]] and Bermuda on September 6, and over the next few days convection increased in intensity and coverage. On September 8, the system gained sufficient organization to be declared a subtropical depression off the Southeast United States coast; later that day, the system was named Subtropical Storm Gustav.<ref name="ASW">{{cite web|url=http://www.australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2003/summ0209.htm|title=Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary|author=Kevin Boyle|year=2003|publisher=Australian Severe Weather|access-date=October 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605235509/http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2003/summ0209.htm|archive-date=June 5, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> After attaining tropical characteristics on September 10, Gustav passed slightly to the east of the [[Outer Banks]] of North Carolina as a tropical storm before. While moving northeastward, Gustav intensified into a hurricane on September 11 and briefly became a Category 2 hurricane, prior to making two landfalls in [[Atlantic Canada]] as a Category 1 hurricane on September 12. Gustav became extratropical over [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] around 1200 UTC that day, though the remnants meandered over the [[Labrador Sea]] before dissipating on September 15.<ref name="gustavtcr">{{cite report | url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL082002_Gustav}}| title=Hurricane Gustav Tropical Cyclone Report | date=January 14, 2003 | author=Jack Beven | access-date=September 7, 2021 |publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref><ref name="CHC Gustav">{{cite web | url=http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/weather/hurricane/gustav02_e.html | title=Hurricane Gustav Storm Summary | date=October 7, 2002 | access-date=September 7, 2008 | publisher=Canadian Hurricane Centre |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061002101153/http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/weather/hurricane/gustav02_e.html |archive-date = October 2, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
||
The storm was responsible for one death and $100,000 (2002 USD) in damage, mostly in North Carolina. The interaction between Gustav and a non-tropical system produced strong winds that caused an additional $240,000 (2002 USD) in damage in New England, but this damage was not directly attributed to the hurricane. In Atlantic Canada, the hurricane and its remnants brought heavy rain, tropical storm and hurricane-force winds, as well as storm surges for several days.<ref name="gustavtcr"/> Localized flooding was reported in areas of [[Prince Edward Island]], and 4,000 people in [[Halifax Urban Area|Halifax, Nova Scotia]] and [[Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island]] were left without power.<ref name="CTV">{{cite news|url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20020912/hurricane_gustav_020912/TopStories/story/ |title=Newfoundland hit with heavy rain, Gustav leaves land |publisher=[[CTV Television Network|CTV]] |date=September 12, 2002 |access-date=October 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612012836/https://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/story/20020912/hurricane_gustav_020912 |archive-date=June 12, 2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
The storm was responsible for one death and $100,000 (2002 USD) in damage, mostly in North Carolina. The interaction between Gustav and a non-tropical system produced strong winds that caused an additional $240,000 (2002 USD) in damage in New England, but this damage was not directly attributed to the hurricane. In Atlantic Canada, the hurricane and its remnants brought heavy rain, tropical storm and hurricane-force winds, as well as storm surges for several days.<ref name="gustavtcr"/> Localized flooding was reported in areas of [[Prince Edward Island]], and 4,000 people in [[Halifax Urban Area|Halifax, Nova Scotia]] and [[Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island]] were left without power.<ref name="CTV">{{cite news|url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20020912/hurricane_gustav_020912/TopStories/story/ |title=Newfoundland hit with heavy rain, Gustav leaves land |publisher=[[CTV Television Network|CTV]] |date=September 12, 2002 |access-date=October 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612012836/https://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/story/20020912/hurricane_gustav_020912 |archive-date=June 12, 2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
||
Line 371: | Line 376: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Main article|Tropical Storm Hanna (2002)}} |
{{Main article|Tropical Storm Hanna (2002)}} |
||
In early September, a tropical wave merged with a trough of low pressure in the Gulf of Mexico and spawned a low-pressure system. Convection steadily deepened on September 11 east of the upper-level low and the surface low; it was classified as Tropical Depression Nine the next day. The disorganized storm moved westward, then northward, where it strengthened into Tropical Storm Hanna later that day. After reaching a peak with winds of {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, it made two landfalls on the [[Gulf Coast]], eventually dissipating on September 15 over Georgia.<ref name="hannatcr">{{cite report |author1=James L. Franklin |author2=Jamie R. Rhome |title=Tropical Storm Hanna Tropical Cyclone Report |date=December 16, 2002|publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021 |url= |
In early September, a tropical wave merged with a trough of low pressure in the Gulf of Mexico and spawned a low-pressure system. Convection steadily deepened on September 11 east of the upper-level low and the surface low; it was classified as Tropical Depression Nine the next day. The disorganized storm moved westward, then northward, where it strengthened into Tropical Storm Hanna later that day. After reaching a peak with winds of {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, it made two landfalls on the [[Gulf Coast]], eventually dissipating on September 15 over Georgia.<ref name="hannatcr">{{cite report |author1=James L. Franklin |author2=Jamie R. Rhome |title=Tropical Storm Hanna Tropical Cyclone Report |date=December 16, 2002|publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021 |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL092002_Hanna}}}}</ref> |
||
Because most of the associated convective activity was east of the center of circulation, minimal damage was reported in Louisiana and [[Mississippi]].<ref name="hannatcr"/> To the east on [[Dauphin Island]], [[Alabama]], the storm caused [[coastal flooding]] which closed roads and forced the evacuation of residents. Portions of Florida received high wind gusts, heavy rainfall, and strong surf that resulted in the deaths of three swimmers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~449115|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908153249/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~449115|archive-date=September 8, 2011|title=Tropical Storm Event Report for Alabama|publisher=[[National Climatic Data Center]]|access-date=October 18, 2011}}</ref> Throughout the state, 20,000 homes lost electricity.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2002/2002-09-14-hanna.htm|title=Hanna washes ashore, quickly weakens in Alabama|agency=Associated Press|date=September 15, 2002|work=USA Today|access-date=October 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628185050/http://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2002/2002-09-14-hanna.htm|archive-date=June 28, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> The heavy rainfall progressed into Georgia, where significant flooding occurred. Crop damage was extensive, and over 300 structures were damaged by the flooding. Overall, Hanna caused a total of about $20 million (2002 USD) in damage and three fatalities.<ref name="hannatcr"/> |
Because most of the associated convective activity was east of the center of circulation, minimal damage was reported in Louisiana and [[Mississippi]].<ref name="hannatcr"/> To the east on [[Dauphin Island]], [[Alabama]], the storm caused [[coastal flooding]] which closed roads and forced the evacuation of residents. Portions of Florida received high wind gusts, heavy rainfall, and strong surf that resulted in the deaths of three swimmers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~449115|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908153249/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~449115|archive-date=September 8, 2011|title=Tropical Storm Event Report for Alabama|publisher=[[National Climatic Data Center]]|access-date=October 18, 2011}}</ref> Throughout the state, 20,000 homes lost electricity.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2002/2002-09-14-hanna.htm|title=Hanna washes ashore, quickly weakens in Alabama|agency=Associated Press|date=September 15, 2002|work=USA Today|access-date=October 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628185050/http://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2002/2002-09-14-hanna.htm|archive-date=June 28, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> The heavy rainfall progressed into Georgia, where significant flooding occurred. Crop damage was extensive, and over 300 structures were damaged by the flooding. Overall, Hanna caused a total of about $20 million (2002 USD) in damage and three fatalities.<ref name="hannatcr"/> |
||
Line 380: | Line 385: | ||
| Basin = Atl |
| Basin = Atl |
||
| Image = Isidore AMO2002265 lrg.jpg |
| Image = Isidore AMO2002265 lrg.jpg |
||
| Track = Isidore 2002 |
| Track = Isidore 2002 path.png |
||
| Formed = September 14 |
| Formed = September 14 |
||
| Dissipated = September 27 |
| Dissipated = September 27 |
||
Line 387: | Line 392: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Main article|Hurricane Isidore}} |
{{Main article|Hurricane Isidore}} |
||
On September 9, a tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa, and by September 14 it was classified as a tropical depression. The next day the storm was located just south of [[Jamaica]], and it developed into Tropical Storm Isidore. On September 19, it intensified into a hurricane, and Isidore made landfall in western [[Cuba]] as a Category 1 storm. Just before landfall near Puerto Telchac on September 22, Isidore reached its peak intensity, with wind speeds of {{convert|125|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, making it a strong Category 3 storm. After returning to the Gulf of Mexico as a tropical storm, Isidore's final landfall was near [[Grand Isle, Louisiana]], on September 26. The storm weakened to a tropical depression over [[Mississippi]] early the following day, before becoming extratropical over [[Pennsylvania]] later on September 27 and then being absorbed by a frontal system.<ref name="isidoretcr">{{cite report |author=Lixion A. Avila |title=Hurricane Isidore Tropical Cyclone Report |date=July 2, 2003 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021|url= |
On September 9, a tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa, and by September 14 it was classified as a tropical depression. The next day the storm was located just south of [[Jamaica]], and it developed into Tropical Storm Isidore. On September 19, it intensified into a hurricane, and Isidore made landfall in western [[Cuba]] as a Category 1 storm. Just before landfall near Puerto Telchac on September 22, Isidore reached its peak intensity, with wind speeds of {{convert|125|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, making it a strong Category 3 storm. After returning to the Gulf of Mexico as a tropical storm, Isidore's final landfall was near [[Grand Isle, Louisiana]], on September 26. The storm weakened to a tropical depression over [[Mississippi]] early the following day, before becoming extratropical over [[Pennsylvania]] later on September 27 and then being absorbed by a frontal system.<ref name="isidoretcr">{{cite report |author=Lixion A. Avila |title=Hurricane Isidore Tropical Cyclone Report |date=July 2, 2003 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL102002_Isidore}}}}</ref> |
||
Isidore made landfall on the [[Yucatán Peninsula]] of southern Mexico as a Category 3 hurricane, leaving $950 million (2002 USD) in damage in the country.<ref>{{cite report|author=Cenapred, Cepal y Servicio Sismológico Nacional |publisher=El Almanaque Mexicano|year=2008 |title=Principales desastres naturales, 1980–2005 |access-date=June 17, 2009 |url=http://www.sergioaguayo.org/biblioteca/Libros/Almanaque2008/El%20Almanaque%202008%20-%20Indice%20y%20Capitulo%201%20Geografia.pdf |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003064736/http://www.sergioaguayo.org/biblioteca/Libros/Almanaque2008/El%20Almanaque%202008%20-%20Indice%20y%20Capitulo%201%20Geografia.pdf |archive-date=October 3, 2011 }}</ref> Despite dropping over {{convert|30|in|mm}} of rainfall among other effects,<ref name="DR">David M. Roth. [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/isidore2002filledrainblk.gif Black Background, color-filled rainfall graphic for Isidore.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926143817/http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/isidore2002filledrainblk.gif |date=September 26, 2013 }} Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved on August 10, 2008.</ref> only two indirect deaths were reported there.<ref name="USA">{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2002/2002-09-23-isidore.htm |title=Isidore pummels Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula |date=September 24, 2002 |work=USA Today |access-date=August 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629063528/http://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2002/2002-09-23-isidore.htm |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> As a tropical storm, Isidore produced a maximum of {{convert|15.97|in|mm}} of rainfall in the United States at [[Metairie, Louisiana]].<ref name="DR"/> The rainfall was responsible for flooding that caused moderate crop damage, with a total of $330 million in damage (2002 USD).<ref>John L. Beven II, Richard J. Pasch and Miles B. Lawrence. (December 23, 2003) [http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/spring_03/atlantic.shtml Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2002.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428025207/http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/spring_03/atlantic.shtml |date=April 28, 2017 }} NOAA. Retrieved on August 10, 2008.</ref> |
Isidore made landfall on the [[Yucatán Peninsula]] of southern Mexico as a Category 3 hurricane, leaving $950 million (2002 USD) in damage in the country.<ref>{{cite report|author=Cenapred, Cepal y Servicio Sismológico Nacional |publisher=El Almanaque Mexicano|year=2008 |title=Principales desastres naturales, 1980–2005 |access-date=June 17, 2009 |url=http://www.sergioaguayo.org/biblioteca/Libros/Almanaque2008/El%20Almanaque%202008%20-%20Indice%20y%20Capitulo%201%20Geografia.pdf |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003064736/http://www.sergioaguayo.org/biblioteca/Libros/Almanaque2008/El%20Almanaque%202008%20-%20Indice%20y%20Capitulo%201%20Geografia.pdf |archive-date=October 3, 2011 }}</ref> Despite dropping over {{convert|30|in|mm}} of rainfall among other effects,<ref name="DR">David M. Roth. [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/isidore2002filledrainblk.gif Black Background, color-filled rainfall graphic for Isidore.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926143817/http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/isidore2002filledrainblk.gif |date=September 26, 2013 }} Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved on August 10, 2008.</ref> only two indirect deaths were reported there.<ref name="USA">{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2002/2002-09-23-isidore.htm |title=Isidore pummels Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula |date=September 24, 2002 |work=USA Today |access-date=August 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629063528/http://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2002/2002-09-23-isidore.htm |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> As a tropical storm, Isidore produced a maximum of {{convert|15.97|in|mm}} of rainfall in the United States at [[Metairie, Louisiana]].<ref name="DR"/> The rainfall was responsible for flooding that caused moderate crop damage, with a total of $330 million in damage (2002 USD).<ref>John L. Beven II, Richard J. Pasch and Miles B. Lawrence. (December 23, 2003) [http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/spring_03/atlantic.shtml Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2002.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428025207/http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/spring_03/atlantic.shtml |date=April 28, 2017 }} NOAA. Retrieved on August 10, 2008.</ref> |
||
Line 402: | Line 407: | ||
| Pressure = 1009 |
| Pressure = 1009 |
||
}} |
}} |
||
A non-tropical low developed along a dissipating stationary front on September 16 in the central Atlantic and drifted north-northeastward.<ref name="jTCR">{{cite report|author=Richard J. Pasch |publisher=National Hurricane Center |date=January 14, 2003 |access-date=September 7, 2021|title=Tropical Storm Josephine Tropical Cyclone Report |url= |
A non-tropical low developed along a dissipating stationary front on September 16 in the central Atlantic and drifted north-northeastward.<ref name="jTCR">{{cite report|author=Richard J. Pasch |publisher=National Hurricane Center |date=January 14, 2003 |access-date=September 7, 2021|title=Tropical Storm Josephine Tropical Cyclone Report |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL112002_Josephine}}}}</ref> The National Hurricane Center classified it as Tropical Depression Eleven on September 17 about {{convert|710|mi|km|abbr=on}} east of [[Bermuda]], and initially the depression did not have significant deep convection.<ref>{{cite web | author=Richard J. Pasch | publisher=National Hurricane Center | date=September 17, 2002 | access-date=September 7, 2008 | title=Tropical Depression Eleven Discussion One |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al112002.discus.001.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081021153204/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al112002.discus.001.html| archive-date=October 21, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> A wind report early on September 18 indicated the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Josephine. The storm continued generally northeastward, steered between a subtropical high to the northeast and a frontal system approaching from the west.<ref>{{cite web | author=Stacy Stewart | publisher=National Hurricane Center | date=September 18, 2002 | access-date=September 7, 2008 | title=Tropical Storm Josephine Discussion Three |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al112002.discus.003.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081021152634/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al112002.discus.003.html| archive-date=October 21, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> Josephine maintained a well-defined circulation, but its deep convection remained intermittent.<ref>{{cite web | author=Richard J. Pasch | publisher=National Hurricane Center | date=September 18, 2002 | access-date=September 7, 2008 | title=Tropical Storm Josephine Discussion Four |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al112002.discus.004.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081021153012/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al112002.discus.004.html| archive-date=October 21, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> Early on September 19 the storm began being absorbed by the cold front, and as a tropical cyclone its winds never surpassed {{convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web | author=Richard J. Pasch | publisher=National Hurricane Center | date=September 18, 2002 | access-date=September 7, 2008 | title=Tropical Storm Josephine Discussion Six |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al112002.discus.006.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081021152156/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al112002.discus.006.html| archive-date=October 21, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> Later that day Josephine transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and suddenly intensified to winds of {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. The extratropical low was quickly absorbed by another larger extratropical system on the afternoon of September 19.<ref name="jTCR"/><ref>{{cite web | author=Jack Beven | publisher=National Hurricane Center | date=September 19, 2002 | access-date=September 7, 2008 | title=Extratropical Storm Josephine Discussion Eight |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al112002.discus.008.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081021152507/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2002/dis/al112002.discus.008.html| archive-date=October 21, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> |
||
{{clear}} |
{{clear}} |
||
Line 416: | Line 421: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Main article|Hurricane Kyle (2002)}} |
{{Main article|Hurricane Kyle (2002)}} |
||
A non-tropical low formed into Subtropical Depression Twelve, well east-southeast of Bermuda on September 20. It became Subtropical Storm Kyle the next day, and Tropical Storm Kyle on September 22. Kyle drifted slowly westward, slowly strengthening, and reached hurricane strength on September 25; it weakened back into a tropical storm on September 28. The cyclone's strength continued to fluctuate between tropical depression and tropical storm several times. Its movement was also extremely irregular, as it shifted sharply north and south along its generally westward path. On October 11, Kyle reached land and made its first landfall near [[McClellanville, South Carolina]]. While skirting the coastline of the Carolinas, it moved back over water, and made a second landfall near [[Long Beach, North Carolina]] later the same day. Kyle continued out to sea where it merged with a cold front on October 12, becoming the fourth longest-lived Atlantic hurricane.<ref name="kyletcr">{{cite report |author=Stacy R. Stewart |title=Hurricane Kyle Tropical Cyclone Report|date=November 16, 2002|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=September 7, 2021|url= |
A non-tropical low formed into Subtropical Depression Twelve, well east-southeast of Bermuda on September 20. It became Subtropical Storm Kyle the next day, and Tropical Storm Kyle on September 22. Kyle drifted slowly westward, slowly strengthening, and reached hurricane strength on September 25; it weakened back into a tropical storm on September 28. The cyclone's strength continued to fluctuate between tropical depression and tropical storm several times. Its movement was also extremely irregular, as it shifted sharply north and south along its generally westward path. On October 11, Kyle reached land and made its first landfall near [[McClellanville, South Carolina]]. While skirting the coastline of the Carolinas, it moved back over water, and made a second landfall near [[Long Beach, North Carolina]] later the same day. Kyle continued out to sea where it merged with a cold front on October 12, becoming the fourth longest-lived Atlantic hurricane.<ref name="kyletcr">{{cite report |author=Stacy R. Stewart |title=Hurricane Kyle Tropical Cyclone Report|date=November 16, 2002|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=September 7, 2021|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL122002_Kyle}}}}</ref> |
||
Kyle brought light precipitation to Bermuda, but no significant damage was reported there.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.bm/data/2002-10.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929131058/http://www.weather.bm/data/2002-10.html|archive-date=September 29, 2011|title=Weather Summary for October 2002|date=November 4, 2002|publisher=BermudaWeather|access-date=October 18, 2011}}</ref> Moderate rainfall accompanied its two landfalls in the United States,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/kyle2002.html|title=Tropical Storm Kyle – October 10–12, 2002|author=David Roth|date=December 24, 2006|publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center|access-date=October 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921190615/http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/kyle2002.html|archive-date=September 21, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> causing localized flash flooding and road closures. Floodwaters forced the evacuation of a nursing home and several mobile homes in South Carolina. Kyle spawned at least four tornadoes,<ref name="kyletcr"/> the costliest of which struck Georgetown, South Carolina; it damaged 106 buildings and destroyed seven others, causing eight injuries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnr.sc.gov/climate/sco/Tropics/HurricaneReports/2002/hurricane_Kyle.php|title=Tropical Storm Kyle|publisher=South Carolina State Climatology Office|access-date=October 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210083742/http://www.dnr.sc.gov/climate/sco/Tropics/HurricaneReports/2002/hurricane_Kyle.php|archive-date=February 10, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Overall damage totaled about $5 million (2002 USD), and no direct deaths were reported.<ref name="kyletcr"/> However, the remnants of Kyle contributed to one indirect death in the British Isles.<ref |
Kyle brought light precipitation to Bermuda, but no significant damage was reported there.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.bm/data/2002-10.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929131058/http://www.weather.bm/data/2002-10.html|archive-date=September 29, 2011|title=Weather Summary for October 2002|date=November 4, 2002|publisher=BermudaWeather|access-date=October 18, 2011}}</ref> Moderate rainfall accompanied its two landfalls in the United States,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/kyle2002.html|title=Tropical Storm Kyle – October 10–12, 2002|author=David Roth|date=December 24, 2006|publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center|access-date=October 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921190615/http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/kyle2002.html|archive-date=September 21, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> causing localized flash flooding and road closures. Floodwaters forced the evacuation of a nursing home and several mobile homes in South Carolina. Kyle spawned at least four tornadoes,<ref name="kyletcr"/> the costliest of which struck Georgetown, South Carolina; it damaged 106 buildings and destroyed seven others, causing eight injuries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnr.sc.gov/climate/sco/Tropics/HurricaneReports/2002/hurricane_Kyle.php|title=Tropical Storm Kyle|publisher=South Carolina State Climatology Office|access-date=October 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210083742/http://www.dnr.sc.gov/climate/sco/Tropics/HurricaneReports/2002/hurricane_Kyle.php|archive-date=February 10, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Overall damage totaled about $5 million (2002 USD), and no direct deaths were reported.<ref name="kyletcr"/> However, the remnants of Kyle contributed to one indirect death in the British Isles.<ref name="ASW"/> |
||
{{clear}} |
{{clear}} |
||
Line 425: | Line 430: | ||
| Basin = Atl |
| Basin = Atl |
||
| Image = Lili 2002-10-02 1645Z.jpg |
| Image = Lili 2002-10-02 1645Z.jpg |
||
| Track = Lili 2002 |
| Track = Lili 2002 path.png |
||
| Formed = September 21 |
| Formed = September 21 |
||
| Dissipated = October 4 |
| Dissipated = October 4 |
||
Line 434: | Line 439: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Main article|Hurricane Lili}} |
{{Main article|Hurricane Lili}} |
||
On September 16, a tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa and across the Atlantic. It developed a low level cloud circulation midway between Africa and the [[Lesser Antilles]] on September 20. The next day, the system had become sufficiently organized to classify the system as a [[tropical depression]] about {{convert|1035|mi|km|round=5}} east of the [[Windward Islands]] and intensified into Tropical Storm Lili on September 23. After nearly reaching hurricane status over the eastern Caribbean, the storm degenerated into a tropical wave on September 25, before becoming a tropical depression again early on September 27. The cyclone re-intensified into a tropical storm several hours later. On September 30, Lili became a hurricane while passing over the [[Cayman Islands]]. After striking Cuba's [[Isla de la Juventud]] and [[Pinar del Río Province]] as a Category 2, the storm attained Category 4 status in the Gulf of Mexico, However, Lili rapidly weakened to a Category 1 hurricane before making landfall near [[Intracoastal City, Louisiana]], on October 3. The next day, it was absorbed by an extratropical low near the [[Tennessee]] – [[Arkansas]] border.<ref name="liletcr">{{cite report |author=Miles B. Lawrence |title=Hurricane Lili Tropical Cyclone Report |date=April 10, 2011 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021 |url= |
On September 16, a tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa and across the Atlantic. It developed a low level cloud circulation midway between Africa and the [[Lesser Antilles]] on September 20. The next day, the system had become sufficiently organized to classify the system as a [[tropical depression]] about {{convert|1035|mi|km|round=5}} east of the [[Windward Islands]] and intensified into Tropical Storm Lili on September 23. After nearly reaching hurricane status over the eastern Caribbean, the storm degenerated into a tropical wave on September 25, before becoming a tropical depression again early on September 27. The cyclone re-intensified into a tropical storm several hours later. On September 30, Lili became a hurricane while passing over the [[Cayman Islands]]. After striking Cuba's [[Isla de la Juventud]] and [[Pinar del Río Province]] as a Category 2, the storm attained Category 4 status in the Gulf of Mexico, However, Lili rapidly weakened to a Category 1 hurricane before making landfall near [[Intracoastal City, Louisiana]], on October 3. The next day, it was absorbed by an extratropical low near the [[Tennessee]] – [[Arkansas]] border.<ref name="liletcr">{{cite report |author=Miles B. Lawrence |title=Hurricane Lili Tropical Cyclone Report |date=April 10, 2011 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=September 7, 2021 |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL132002_Lili}}}}</ref> |
||
In [[Louisiana]], wind gusts reaching {{convert|120|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, coupled with over {{convert|6|in|mm}} of rainfall and a storm surge of {{convert|12|ft|m}}, caused $1.1 billion (2002 USD) in damage. A total of 237,000 people lost power, and oil rigs offshore were shut down for up to a week.<ref name="Lili2">{{cite web |author=National Weather Service Lake Charles |title=Lili Preliminary Storm Report |publisher=National Weather Service |year=2002 |access-date=April 8, 2008 |url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lch/tropical/lili/lili_psh.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030417141302/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lch/tropical/lili/lili_psh.htm |archive-date=April 17, 2003}}</ref> |
In [[Louisiana]], wind gusts reaching {{convert|120|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, coupled with over {{convert|6|in|mm}} of rainfall and a storm surge of {{convert|12|ft|m}}, caused $1.1 billion (2002 USD) in damage. A total of 237,000 people lost power, and oil rigs offshore were shut down for up to a week.<ref name="Lili2">{{cite web |author=National Weather Service Lake Charles |title=Lili Preliminary Storm Report |publisher=National Weather Service |year=2002 |access-date=April 8, 2008 |url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lch/tropical/lili/lili_psh.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030417141302/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lch/tropical/lili/lili_psh.htm |archive-date=April 17, 2003}}</ref> |
||
Line 449: | Line 454: | ||
| Pressure = 1002 |
| Pressure = 1002 |
||
}} |
}} |
||
A weak tropical wave moved through the Lesser Antilles on October 9. As the system reached the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 12, convection increased, and a broad low-pressure area formed later that day. Over the next two days, the low significantly organized, and became Tropical Depression Fourteen at 1200 UTC on October 14. The depression initially tracked west-northwestward, but then curved to the north-northeast. Due to vertical wind shear, the depression was unable to intensify, and remained below tropical storm status during its duration. By 1600 UTC on October 16, the depression made landfall near [[Cienfuegos]], Cuba with winds of {{convert|30|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. While crossing the island, the depression was absorbed by a cold front early on October 17. Minimal impact was reported, which was limited to locally heavy rains over portions of [[Jamaica]], Cuba, and the [[Cayman Islands]].<ref name="14tcr">{{cite report|author=Jack Beven|title=Tropical Depression Fourteen Tropical Cyclone Report |date=November 20, 2002|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=September 7, 2021|url= |
A weak tropical wave moved through the Lesser Antilles on October 9. As the system reached the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 12, convection increased, and a broad low-pressure area formed later that day. Over the next two days, the low significantly organized, and became Tropical Depression Fourteen at 1200 UTC on October 14. The depression initially tracked west-northwestward, but then curved to the north-northeast. Due to vertical wind shear, the depression was unable to intensify, and remained below tropical storm status during its duration. By 1600 UTC on October 16, the depression made landfall near [[Cienfuegos]], Cuba with winds of {{convert|30|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. While crossing the island, the depression was absorbed by a cold front early on October 17. Minimal impact was reported, which was limited to locally heavy rains over portions of [[Jamaica]], Cuba, and the [[Cayman Islands]].<ref name="14tcr">{{cite report|author=Jack Beven|title=Tropical Depression Fourteen Tropical Cyclone Report |date=November 20, 2002|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=September 7, 2021|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL142002_Fourteen}}}}</ref> |
||
{{Clear}} |
{{Clear}} |
||
==Storm names== |
==Storm names== |
||
{{Tropical cyclone naming}} |
{{Tropical cyclone naming}} |
||
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2002.<ref>{{ |
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2002.<ref name="NHOP 02">{{cite report|url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/HOPs-P12-2002.pdf|page=3-7|publisher=[[NOAA]] Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research|location=Washington, D.C.|title=National Hurricane Operations Plan|date=May 2002|access-date=January 19, 2024}}</ref> This was the same list used in the [[1996 Atlantic hurricane season|1996 season]], with the exception of the names ''Cristobal'', ''Fay'' and ''Hanna'', which replaced ''[[Hurricane Cesar|Cesar]]'', ''[[Hurricane Fran|Fran]]'' and ''[[Hurricane Hortense|Hortense]]'' respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone Names|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021001030424/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml|archive-date=October 1, 2002|access-date=June 23, 2021}}</ref> Each of the three new names was used for the first time in 2002. |
||
{| style="width:90%;" |
{| style="width:90%;" |
||
| |
| |
||
* Arthur |
|||
* [[Tropical Storm Arthur (2002)|Arthur]] |
|||
* [[Tropical Storm Bertha (2002)|Bertha]] |
* [[Tropical Storm Bertha (2002)|Bertha]] |
||
* |
* Cristobal |
||
* Dolly |
* Dolly |
||
* [[Tropical Storm Edouard (2002)|Edouard]] |
* [[Tropical Storm Edouard (2002)|Edouard]] |
||
Line 481: | Line 487: | ||
* {{tcname unused|Wilfred}} |
* {{tcname unused|Wilfred}} |
||
|} |
|} |
||
Beginning in 2002, subtropical cyclones were numbered and named following the same procedure as tropical cyclones. ''Gustav'' was the first subtropical system to be named under the new policy.<ref name="ASW"/><ref>{{cite web|title=What's the difference between a subtropical storm and a tropical storm?|last=Barry|first=Rebecca|date=May 15, 2020|url=https://www.news4jax.com/weather/2020/05/15/whats-the-difference-between-a-subtropical-storm-and-a-tropical-storm/|publisher=[[WJXT]]|location=Jacksonville, Florida|access-date=January 19, 2024}}</ref> |
|||
Beginning in 2002, subtropical cyclones were named from the standard predetermined naming list upon gaining gale-force winds. This was first demonstrated with Gustav, which originated as a subtropical cyclone and was named from the predetermined list before becoming tropical and intensifying into a hurricane. |
|||
===Retirement=== |
===Retirement=== |
||
{{Further|List of retired Atlantic hurricanes}} |
{{Further|List of retired Atlantic hurricanes}} |
||
In the spring of 2003, the [[World Meteorological Organization]] retired the names ''Isidore'' and ''Lili'' from its rotating Atlantic hurricane name lists due to the damage each caused. Those names were replaced with ''Ike'' and ''Laura'' for the [[2008 Atlantic hurricane season|2008 season]].<ref name="names 2008-13">{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center |title=Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Names |year=2008 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=August 4, 2008 |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804225453/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml |archive-date=August 4, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
|||
==Season effects== |
==Season effects== |
||
This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2002 USD. |
|||
{{Saffir-Simpson small|align=center}} |
{{Saffir-Simpson small|align=center}} |
||
{{TC stats table start3|year=2002|basin=North Atlantic tropical cyclone}} |
{{TC stats table start3|year=2002|basin=North Atlantic tropical cyclone}} |
||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name= |
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Arthur|dates=July 14–16|max-winds=60 (95)|min-press=997|areas=[[Southeastern United States]]|damage=Minimal|deaths=1 }} |
||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Bertha (2002)|Bertha]]|dates=August 4–9|max-winds=40 (65)|min-press=1007|areas=[[Mississippi]]|damage=$200,000|deaths=1 }} |
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Bertha (2002)|Bertha]]|dates=August 4–9|max-winds=40 (65)|min-press=1007|areas=[[Mississippi]]|damage=$200,000|deaths=1 }} |
||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name= |
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Cristobal|dates=August 5–8|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=999|areas=[[Bermuda]], [[New York (state)|New York]]|damage=Minimal|deaths=0 (3) }} |
||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Dolly|dates=August 29 – September 4|max-winds=60 (95)|min-press=997|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}} |
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Dolly|dates=August 29 – September 4|max-winds=60 (95)|min-press=997|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}} |
||
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Edouard (2002)|Edouard]]|dates=September 1–6|max-winds=65 (100)|min-press=1002|areas=[[Florida]]|damage=Minimal|deaths=None }} |
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Edouard (2002)|Edouard]]|dates=September 1–6|max-winds=65 (100)|min-press=1002|areas=[[Florida]]|damage=Minimal|deaths=None }} |
Revision as of 09:49, 28 June 2024
![]() | It has been suggested that Tropical Storm Cristobal (2002) be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since February 2024. |
2002 Atlantic hurricane season | |
---|---|
![]() Season summary map | |
Seasonal boundaries | |
First system formed | July 14, 2002 |
Last system dissipated | October 16, 2002 |
Strongest storm | |
By maximum sustained winds | Lili |
• Maximum winds | 145 mph (230 km/h) (1-minute sustained) |
• Lowest pressure | 938 mbar (hPa; 27.7 inHg) |
By central pressure | Isidore |
• Maximum winds | 125 mph (205 km/h) (1-minute sustained) |
• Lowest pressure | 934 mbar (hPa; 27.58 inHg) |
Seasonal statistics | |
Total depressions | 14 |
Total storms | 12 |
Hurricanes | 4 |
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) | 2 |
Total fatalities | 50 total |
Total damage | $2.47 billion (2002 USD) |
Related articles | |
The 2002 Atlantic hurricane season was a near-average Atlantic hurricane season. It officially started on June 1, 2002, and ended on November 30, dates which conventionally limit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones develop in the Atlantic Ocean. The season produced fourteen tropical cyclones, of which twelve developed into named storms; four became hurricanes, and two attained major hurricane status. While the season's first cyclone did not develop until July 14, activity quickly picked up: eight storms developed in the month of September. It ended early however, with no tropical storms forming after October 6—a rare occurrence caused partly by El Niño conditions. The most intense hurricane of the season was Hurricane Isidore with a minimum central pressure of 934 mbar, although Hurricane Lili attained higher winds and peaked at Category 4 whereas Isidore only reached Category 3. However, Lili had a minimum central pressure of 938 mbar.
The season was less destructive than normal, causing an estimated $2.47 billion (2002 USD) in property damage and 50 fatalities. Most destruction was due to Isidore, which caused about $1.28 billion (2002 USD) in damage and killed seven people in the Yucatán Peninsula and later the United States, and Hurricane Lili, which caused $1.16 billion (2002 USD) in damage and 15 deaths as it crossed the Caribbean Sea and eventually made landfall in Louisiana.
Seasonal forecasts
Source | Date | Named storms |
Hurricanes | Major hurricanes | |
CSU | Average (1950–2000)[1] | 9.6 | 5.9 | 2.3 | |
NOAA | Average (1950–2005)[2] | 11.0 | 6.2 | 2.7 | |
Record high activity[3] | 30 | 15 | 7 | ||
Record low activity[3] | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
CSU | December 7, 2001[1] | 13 | 8 | 4 | |
CSU | April 5, 2002[4] | 12 | 7 | 3 | |
NOAA | May 20, 2002[5] | 9–13 | 6–8 | 2–3 | |
CSU | August 7, 2002[6] | 9 | 4 | 1 | |
NOAA | August 8, 2002[7] | 7–10 | 4–6 | 1–3 | |
CSU | September 3, 2002[8] | 8 | 3 | 1 | |
Actual activity | 12 | 4 | 2 |
Noted hurricane expert William M. Gray and his associates at Colorado State University issue forecasts of hurricane activity each year, separately from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Gray's team determined the average number of storms per season between 1950 and 2000 to be 9.6 tropical storms, 5.9 hurricanes, and 2.3 major hurricanes (storms exceeding Category 3). A normal season, as defined by NOAA, has 9 to 12 named storms, of which 5 to 7 reach hurricane strength and 1 to 3 become major hurricanes.[1][2]
Pre-season forecasts
On December 7, 2001, Gray's team issued its first extended-range forecast for the 2002 season, predicting above-average activity (13 named storms, 8 hurricanes, and about 2 of Category 3 or higher). It listed an 86 percent chance of at least one major hurricane striking the U.S. mainland. This included a 58 percent chance of at least one major hurricane strike on the East Coast, including the Florida peninsula, and a 43 percent chance of at least one such strike on the Gulf Coast from the Florida Panhandle westward. The potential for major hurricane activity in the Caribbean was forecast to be above average.[1]
On April 5 a new forecast was issued, calling for 12 named storms, 7 hurricanes and 3 intense hurricanes. The decrease in the forecast was attributed to the further intensification of El Niño conditions. The estimated potential for at least one major hurricane to affect the U.S. was decreased to 75 percent; the East Coast potential decreased slightly to 57 percent, and from the Florida Panhandle westward to Brownsville, Texas, the probability remained the same.[4]
Mid-season forecasts
On August 7, 2002, Gray's team lowered its season estimate to 9 named storms, with 4 becoming hurricanes and 1 becoming a major hurricane, noting that conditions had become less favorable for storms than they had been earlier in the year. The sea-level pressure and trade wind strength in the tropical Atlantic were reported to be above normal, while sea surface temperature anomalies were on a decreasing trend.[6]
On August 8, 2002, NOAA revised its season estimate to 7–10 named storms, with 4–6 becoming hurricanes and 1–3 becoming major hurricanes. The reduction was attributed to less favorable environmental conditions and building El Niño conditions.[7]
Seasonal summary
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/kqjg1eutdt2ok82q325tiwie35ofrb7.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Hurricane_Lili_over_the_Gulf_of_Mexico_from_the_ISS.jpg/200px-Hurricane_Lili_over_the_Gulf_of_Mexico_from_the_ISS.jpg)
The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 2002.[9] It was a near-average season in which 14 tropical cyclones formed. Twelve depressions attained tropical storm status, and four of these reached hurricane status. Two hurricanes further intensified into major hurricanes.[10] Activity was suppressed somewhat by an El Niño, which was of near-moderate intensity by August.[7] Four named storms made landfall in Louisiana, a record which was later tied in 2020.[11] Overall, the Atlantic tropical cyclones of 2002 collectively resulted in 50 deaths and around $2.47 billion in damage.[12] The season ended on November 30, 2002.[9]
Tropical cyclogenesis began with Tropical Storm Arthur, which formed just offshore North Carolina on July 14. Following the storm's extratropical transition on July 16, no further activity occurred until Tropical Storm Bertha developed near Louisiana on August 4. Cristobal formed on the next day, while Dolly developed on August 29.[10] September featured eight named storms, a record which was later tied in 2007 and 2010 and surpassed in 2020.[13] During that month, Gustav reached hurricane intensity on September 11, the latest date of the first hurricane in a season since 1941.[14] While the long-lasting Kyle and Lili persisted into October, only one tropical cyclone developed that month, Tropical Depression Fourteen on October 14. The depression was absorbed by a cold front while crossing Cuba two days later, ending seasonal activity.[10]
The season's activity was reflected with a low accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 67, the lowest total since 1997. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 39 mph (63 km/h), which is the threshold for tropical storm status.[15]
Systems
Tropical Storm Arthur
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 14 – July 16 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 997 mbar (hPa) |
A dissipating cold front stalled over the northeastern Gulf of Mexico in early July 2002, producing a weak low-level circulation on July 9. The system meandered for the next few days, until a mid-level trough moved the circulation across the southeastern United States on July 13. On the next day, the system moved along the coast of the Carolinas, producing an organized area of convection over its center. Later that day, the system organized into Tropical Depression One about 45 miles (72 km) west-southwest of Hatteras, North Carolina.[16] Upon becoming a tropical cyclone, the depression was moving quickly to the east-northeast, due to a deepening mid-level low south of the Canadian Maritimes. The depression's track over the Gulf Stream allowed for steady strengthening,[17] and it intensified into Tropical Storm Arthur on July 15, as rainbands developed.[18] Arthur attained peak winds of 60 mph (97 km/h) early on July 16 about 490 miles (790 km) south-southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia.[16] Thereafter, the center became separated from the area of deepest convection,[19] and Arthur transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on July 17. The storm turned northward around a larger mid-level low, moving over eastern Newfoundland. On July 19, the remnants of Arthur turned to a southeast drift between Newfoundland and Greenland, and by late in the day its winds decreased to below gale force.[16]
The precursor tropical disturbance dropped rainfall across Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina,[16] peaking at 4.49 inches (114 mm) in Weston, Florida. The system produced scattered precipitation across North Carolina, generally between 1–3 inches (25–76 millimetres).[20] On July 16, Arthur passed north of Bermuda, where it brought gusty winds and 0.57 inches (14 mm) of rainfall.[21] As an extratropical storm, Arthur produced gusty winds and dropped about 1 inch (25 mm) of rainfall in Newfoundland.[16] Strong waves capsized a boat in the Conne River, killing one person.[22]
Tropical Storm Bertha
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 4 – August 9 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min); 1007 mbar (hPa) |
A surface trough of low pressure that would later spawn Tropical Storm Cristobal developed a tropical depression in the northern Gulf of Mexico on August 4. It quickly strengthened into a minimal tropical storm early on August 5, and made landfall near Boothville, Louisiana, just two hours later. Bertha weakened to a tropical depression, but retained its circulation over Louisiana. A high-pressure system built southward, unexpectedly forcing the depression to the southwest. It emerged back over the Gulf of Mexico on August 7, where proximity to land and dry air prevented further strengthening. Bertha moved westward and made a second landfall near Kingsville, Texas, on August 9 with winds of only 25 mph (40 km/h). The storm dissipated about 10 hours later.[23]
Across the Gulf Coast of the United States, Bertha dropped light to moderate rainfall; most areas received less than 3 inches (76 mm). Precipitation from the storm peaked at 10.25 inches (260 mm) in Norwood, Louisiana. Minor flooding was reported, which caused light damage to a few businesses, 15 to 25 houses, and some roadways. Overall, damage was very minor, totaling to $200,000 (2002 USD) in damage.[24] In addition, one death was reported due to Bertha, a drowning due to heavy surf in Florida.[23]
Tropical Storm Cristobal
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 5 – August 8 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 999 mbar (hPa) |
A trough extended from the northern Gulf of Mexico to the western Atlantic Ocean in early August, producing Tropical Storm Bertha in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as a low pressure area off the coast of South Carolina. The second low moved eastward and slowly organized, developing into Tropical Depression Three late on August 5, about 175 miles (280 km/h) east-southeast of Charleston, South Carolina.[25] The developing depression had rainbands and outflow. It moved southeastward at first around the northeastern periphery of an anticyclone over Florida.[26] Although the convection was confined to its southern half, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Cristobal on August 6. On August 7 the storm turned eastward, due to the influence of a large approaching mid to upper-level frontal zone. As the convection organized further, Cristobal intensified somewhat and attained peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h). On August 8, increased dry air weakened the convection and caused Cristobal to accelerate east-northeastward. The low-level circulation interacted with the approaching frontal zone, and by 0000 UTC on August 9 Tropical Storm Cristobal was absorbed by the cold front about 350 miles (560 km) southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.[25] The remnants continued northeastward, passing near Newfoundland on August 10 before weakening near Greenland on August 14.[27][25]
As a tropical cyclone, Cristobal had minimal effects on land.[28] However, its remnants brought unsettled conditions to Bermuda, including a 45 mph (72 km/h) wind gust at the Bermuda International Airport. The combination of moisture from Cristobal and cold front into which it was absorbed produced 2.78 inches (71 mm) of rain there in a 24‑hour period.[29] An annual powerboat race circumnavigating Bermuda had to be postponed by a week because of the adverse weather.[30] Although Cristobal remained offshore during its evolution, rough seas and rip currents were felt along portions of the U.S. East Coast. On August 9, lifeguards in Volusia County, Florida, rescued about 25 swimmers caught in rip currents.[31] Offshore winds from the storm were credited with ending a widespread outbreak of jellyfish stings affecting bathers along the northern Atlantic coast of Florida. Some 1,000 stings had been reported.[32] Later, the extratropical remnants of Cristobal continued to interact with a high pressure system over the Mid-Atlantic states to generate dangerous swimming conditions further north. Along the south shore of Long Island, New York, significant wave heights reached 4 feet (1.2 m), and rip currents resulted in three drowning deaths on August 10: one in Montauk; one just east of Moriches Inlet; and one off Rockaway Beach.[33] In the latter case, the victim had become exhausted after swimming out to save his son-in-law, an inexperienced swimmer, from the rip current.[34]
Tropical Storm Dolly
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 29 – September 4 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 997 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical wave exited the African coast on August 27,[35] and with low favorable conditions the system organized into Tropical Depression Four on August 29 about 630 mi (1,010 km) southwest of Cape Verde.[36] Six hours later, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Dolly after developing sufficient outflow and curved banding features.[37] The storm continued to intensify as more convection developed,[38] and Dolly reached peaked winds of 60 mph (97 km/h) on August 30.[35] After peaking in intensity, the storm suddenly lost organization,[39] and the winds decreased to minimal tropical storm force.[40] After a brief re-intensification trend, Dolly again weakened due to wind shear. On September 4, Dolly weakened to a tropical depression, and later that day was absorbed by the trough; it never affected land.[35]
Tropical Storm Edouard
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 1 – September 6 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min); 1002 mbar (hPa) |
Edouard formed out of an area of disturbed weather north of the Bahamas on September 2. It drifted northward, then executed a clockwise loop off the coast of Florida. Despite dry air and moderate upper-level shear, Edouard strengthened to a peak of 65 mph (105 km/h) winds, but the unfavorable conditions caught up with it. The storm weakened as it turned west-southwestward, and made landfall near Ormond Beach, Florida on September 5 as a minimal tropical storm. Edouard crossed Florida, and emerged over the Gulf of Mexico as a minimal depression. Outflow from the stronger Tropical Storm Fay caused Tropical Depression Edouard to weaken further, and Edouard was eventually absorbed by Fay.[41]
Tropical Storm Edouard dropped moderate rainfall across Florida, peaking at 7.64 inches (194 mm) in DeSoto County.[42] Though it was a tropical storm at landfall, winds were light across the path of the storm over land. Several roads were flooded from moderate precipitation. No casualties were reported, and damage was minimal.[41]
Tropical Storm Fay
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 5 – September 8 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 998 mbar (hPa) |
In early September, a low pressure center developed along a trough of low pressure, and on September 5, the system had gained sufficient organization to be a tropical depression, to the southeast of Galveston. The depression drifted south-southwest while strengthening into Tropical Storm Fay, reaching its peak strength of 60 mph (97 km/h) on the morning of September 6. The system then abruptly turned to the west-northwest, and remained steady in strength and course until landfall the next day, near Matagorda. It quickly degenerated into a remnant low, which itself moved slowly southwestward over Texas. The low eventually dissipated on September 11 over northeastern Mexico.[43]
The storm brought heavy rainfall in Mexico and Texas. The storm also caused six tornadoes, up to 20 in (510 mm) of rain, and extended periods of tropical storm force winds.[43] The storm caused moderate flooding in some areas due to high rainfall amounts, which left about 400 homes with some form of damage. In total, 400 houses sustained damage from flooding.[44] 1,575 houses were damaged from the flooding or tornadic damage, 23 severely, amounting to $4.5 million (2002 USD) in damage. No deaths are attributed to Fay.[45]
Tropical Depression Seven
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 7 – September 8 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1013 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical wave exited Africa on September 1, and after initial development became disorganized. It moved west-northwestward for a week, reorganizing enough by September 7 to be declared Tropical Depression Seven about 1,155 mi (1,859 km) east-southeast of Bermuda.[46] At the time, the depression had persistent convection around a small circulation, and it moved steadily westward due to a ridge to its north.[47] Shortly after forming, strong wind shear diminished the convection and left the center partially exposed.[48] By September 8, there was no remaining thunderstorm activity,[49] and the depression degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area.[50] The storm dissipated shortly after as strong wind shear continued to cause the storm to deteriorate while located 980 mi (1580 mi) southeast of Bermuda. The depression never affected land.[46]
Hurricane Gustav
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 8 – September 12 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min); 960 mbar (hPa) |
An area of unsettled weather developed between the Bahamas and Bermuda on September 6, and over the next few days convection increased in intensity and coverage. On September 8, the system gained sufficient organization to be declared a subtropical depression off the Southeast United States coast; later that day, the system was named Subtropical Storm Gustav.[51] After attaining tropical characteristics on September 10, Gustav passed slightly to the east of the Outer Banks of North Carolina as a tropical storm before. While moving northeastward, Gustav intensified into a hurricane on September 11 and briefly became a Category 2 hurricane, prior to making two landfalls in Atlantic Canada as a Category 1 hurricane on September 12. Gustav became extratropical over Newfoundland around 1200 UTC that day, though the remnants meandered over the Labrador Sea before dissipating on September 15.[52][53]
The storm was responsible for one death and $100,000 (2002 USD) in damage, mostly in North Carolina. The interaction between Gustav and a non-tropical system produced strong winds that caused an additional $240,000 (2002 USD) in damage in New England, but this damage was not directly attributed to the hurricane. In Atlantic Canada, the hurricane and its remnants brought heavy rain, tropical storm and hurricane-force winds, as well as storm surges for several days.[52] Localized flooding was reported in areas of Prince Edward Island, and 4,000 people in Halifax, Nova Scotia and Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island were left without power.[54]
Tropical Storm Hanna
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 12 – September 15 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 1001 mbar (hPa) |
In early September, a tropical wave merged with a trough of low pressure in the Gulf of Mexico and spawned a low-pressure system. Convection steadily deepened on September 11 east of the upper-level low and the surface low; it was classified as Tropical Depression Nine the next day. The disorganized storm moved westward, then northward, where it strengthened into Tropical Storm Hanna later that day. After reaching a peak with winds of 60 mph (97 km/h), it made two landfalls on the Gulf Coast, eventually dissipating on September 15 over Georgia.[55]
Because most of the associated convective activity was east of the center of circulation, minimal damage was reported in Louisiana and Mississippi.[55] To the east on Dauphin Island, Alabama, the storm caused coastal flooding which closed roads and forced the evacuation of residents. Portions of Florida received high wind gusts, heavy rainfall, and strong surf that resulted in the deaths of three swimmers.[56] Throughout the state, 20,000 homes lost electricity.[57] The heavy rainfall progressed into Georgia, where significant flooding occurred. Crop damage was extensive, and over 300 structures were damaged by the flooding. Overall, Hanna caused a total of about $20 million (2002 USD) in damage and three fatalities.[55]
Hurricane Isidore
Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 14 – September 27 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 125 mph (205 km/h) (1-min); 934 mbar (hPa) |
On September 9, a tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa, and by September 14 it was classified as a tropical depression. The next day the storm was located just south of Jamaica, and it developed into Tropical Storm Isidore. On September 19, it intensified into a hurricane, and Isidore made landfall in western Cuba as a Category 1 storm. Just before landfall near Puerto Telchac on September 22, Isidore reached its peak intensity, with wind speeds of 125 mph (201 km/h), making it a strong Category 3 storm. After returning to the Gulf of Mexico as a tropical storm, Isidore's final landfall was near Grand Isle, Louisiana, on September 26. The storm weakened to a tropical depression over Mississippi early the following day, before becoming extratropical over Pennsylvania later on September 27 and then being absorbed by a frontal system.[58]
Isidore made landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula of southern Mexico as a Category 3 hurricane, leaving $950 million (2002 USD) in damage in the country.[59] Despite dropping over 30 inches (760 mm) of rainfall among other effects,[60] only two indirect deaths were reported there.[61] As a tropical storm, Isidore produced a maximum of 15.97 inches (406 mm) of rainfall in the United States at Metairie, Louisiana.[60] The rainfall was responsible for flooding that caused moderate crop damage, with a total of $330 million in damage (2002 USD).[62]
Tropical Storm Josephine
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 17 – September 19 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min); 1009 mbar (hPa) |
A non-tropical low developed along a dissipating stationary front on September 16 in the central Atlantic and drifted north-northeastward.[63] The National Hurricane Center classified it as Tropical Depression Eleven on September 17 about 710 mi (1,140 km) east of Bermuda, and initially the depression did not have significant deep convection.[64] A wind report early on September 18 indicated the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Josephine. The storm continued generally northeastward, steered between a subtropical high to the northeast and a frontal system approaching from the west.[65] Josephine maintained a well-defined circulation, but its deep convection remained intermittent.[66] Early on September 19 the storm began being absorbed by the cold front, and as a tropical cyclone its winds never surpassed 40 mph (64 km/h).[67] Later that day Josephine transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and suddenly intensified to winds of 60 mph (97 km/h). The extratropical low was quickly absorbed by another larger extratropical system on the afternoon of September 19.[63][68]
Hurricane Kyle
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 20 – October 12 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min); 980 mbar (hPa) |
A non-tropical low formed into Subtropical Depression Twelve, well east-southeast of Bermuda on September 20. It became Subtropical Storm Kyle the next day, and Tropical Storm Kyle on September 22. Kyle drifted slowly westward, slowly strengthening, and reached hurricane strength on September 25; it weakened back into a tropical storm on September 28. The cyclone's strength continued to fluctuate between tropical depression and tropical storm several times. Its movement was also extremely irregular, as it shifted sharply north and south along its generally westward path. On October 11, Kyle reached land and made its first landfall near McClellanville, South Carolina. While skirting the coastline of the Carolinas, it moved back over water, and made a second landfall near Long Beach, North Carolina later the same day. Kyle continued out to sea where it merged with a cold front on October 12, becoming the fourth longest-lived Atlantic hurricane.[69]
Kyle brought light precipitation to Bermuda, but no significant damage was reported there.[70] Moderate rainfall accompanied its two landfalls in the United States,[71] causing localized flash flooding and road closures. Floodwaters forced the evacuation of a nursing home and several mobile homes in South Carolina. Kyle spawned at least four tornadoes,[69] the costliest of which struck Georgetown, South Carolina; it damaged 106 buildings and destroyed seven others, causing eight injuries.[72] Overall damage totaled about $5 million (2002 USD), and no direct deaths were reported.[69] However, the remnants of Kyle contributed to one indirect death in the British Isles.[51]
Hurricane Lili
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 21 – October 4 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 145 mph (230 km/h) (1-min); 938 mbar (hPa) |
On September 16, a tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa and across the Atlantic. It developed a low level cloud circulation midway between Africa and the Lesser Antilles on September 20. The next day, the system had become sufficiently organized to classify the system as a tropical depression about 1,035 miles (1,665 km) east of the Windward Islands and intensified into Tropical Storm Lili on September 23. After nearly reaching hurricane status over the eastern Caribbean, the storm degenerated into a tropical wave on September 25, before becoming a tropical depression again early on September 27. The cyclone re-intensified into a tropical storm several hours later. On September 30, Lili became a hurricane while passing over the Cayman Islands. After striking Cuba's Isla de la Juventud and Pinar del Río Province as a Category 2, the storm attained Category 4 status in the Gulf of Mexico, However, Lili rapidly weakened to a Category 1 hurricane before making landfall near Intracoastal City, Louisiana, on October 3. The next day, it was absorbed by an extratropical low near the Tennessee – Arkansas border.[73]
In Louisiana, wind gusts reaching 120 mph (190 km/h), coupled with over 6 inches (150 mm) of rainfall and a storm surge of 12 feet (3.7 m), caused $1.1 billion (2002 USD) in damage. A total of 237,000 people lost power, and oil rigs offshore were shut down for up to a week.[74]
Tropical Depression Fourteen
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 14 – October 16 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1002 mbar (hPa) |
A weak tropical wave moved through the Lesser Antilles on October 9. As the system reached the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 12, convection increased, and a broad low-pressure area formed later that day. Over the next two days, the low significantly organized, and became Tropical Depression Fourteen at 1200 UTC on October 14. The depression initially tracked west-northwestward, but then curved to the north-northeast. Due to vertical wind shear, the depression was unable to intensify, and remained below tropical storm status during its duration. By 1600 UTC on October 16, the depression made landfall near Cienfuegos, Cuba with winds of 30 mph (48 km/h). While crossing the island, the depression was absorbed by a cold front early on October 17. Minimal impact was reported, which was limited to locally heavy rains over portions of Jamaica, Cuba, and the Cayman Islands.[75]
Storm names
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2002.[76] This was the same list used in the 1996 season, with the exception of the names Cristobal, Fay and Hanna, which replaced Cesar, Fran and Hortense respectively.[77] Each of the three new names was used for the first time in 2002.
|
Beginning in 2002, subtropical cyclones were numbered and named following the same procedure as tropical cyclones. Gustav was the first subtropical system to be named under the new policy.[51][78]
Retirement
In the spring of 2003, the World Meteorological Organization retired the names Isidore and Lili from its rotating Atlantic hurricane name lists due to the damage each caused. Those names were replaced with Ike and Laura for the 2008 season.[79]
Season effects
This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2002 USD.
Saffir–Simpson scale | ||||||
TD | TS | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
Storm name |
Dates active | Storm category at peak intensity |
Max 1-min wind mph (km/h) |
Min. press. (mbar) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Ref(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arthur | July 14–16 | Tropical storm | 60 (95) | 997 | Southeastern United States | Minimal | 1 | |||
Bertha | August 4–9 | Tropical storm | 40 (65) | 1007 | Mississippi | $200,000 | 1 | |||
Cristobal | August 5–8 | Tropical storm | 50 (85) | 999 | Bermuda, New York | Minimal | 0 (3) | |||
Dolly | August 29 – September 4 | Tropical storm | 60 (95) | 997 | None | None | None | |||
Edouard | September 1–6 | Tropical storm | 65 (100) | 1002 | Florida | Minimal | None | |||
Fay | September 5–8 | Tropical storm | 60 (95) | 998 | Texas, Northern Mexico | $4.5 million | None | |||
Seven | September 7–8 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1013 | None | None | None | |||
Gustav | September 8–12 | Category 2 hurricane | 100 (155) | 960 | North Carolina, Virginia, New Jersey, New England | $340,000 | 1 (3) | |||
Hanna | September 12–15 | Tropical storm | 60 (95) | 1001 | Florida, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Southeastern U.S., Mid Atlantic | $20 million | 3 | |||
Isidore | September 14–27 | Category 3 hurricane | 125 (205) | 934 | Venezuela, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Yucatán Peninsula, Louisiana, Mississippi | $1.28 billion | 19 (3) | |||
Josephine | September 17–19 | Tropical storm | 40 (65) | 1006 | None | None | None | |||
Kyle | September 20 – October 12 | Category 1 hurricane | 85 (140) | 980 | Bermuda, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, British Isles | $5 million | 0 (1) | |||
Lili | September 21 – October 4 | Category 4 hurricane | 145 (230) | 938 | Windward Islands, Haiti, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Louisiana | $1.16 billion | 13 (2) | |||
Fourteen | October 14–16 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1002 | Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Cuba | Minimal | None | |||
Season aggregates | ||||||||||
14 systems | July 14 – October 16 | 145 (230) | 934 | $2.470 billion | 38 (15) |
See also
- Tropical cyclones in 2002
- 2002 Pacific hurricane season
- 2002 Pacific typhoon season
- 2002 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2001–02, 2002–03
- Australian region cyclone seasons: 2001–02, 2002–03
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2001–02, 2002–03
- South Atlantic tropical cyclone
- Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
Notes
References
- ^ a b c d William M. Gray; et al. (December 7, 2001). "Extended range forecast of Atlantic seasonal hurricane activity and US landfall strike probability for 2002". Colorado State University. Archived from the original on September 29, 2008. Retrieved August 4, 2008.
- ^ a b Climate Prediction Center (August 8, 2006). "Background Information: The North Atlantic Hurricane Season". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on August 26, 2010. Retrieved December 8, 2006.
- ^ a b "North Atlantic Ocean Historical Tropical Cyclone Statistics". Fort Collins, Colorado: Colorado State University. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- ^ a b William M. Gray; et al. (April 5, 2002). "Extended range forecast of Atlantic seasonal hurricane activity and US landfall strike probability for 2002". Colorado State University. Archived from the original on September 29, 2008. Retrieved August 4, 2008.
- ^ "NOAA: 2002 Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 20, 2002. Archived from the original on September 20, 2008. Retrieved September 6, 2008.
- ^ a b Klotzbach, Philip J.; Gray, William M. (August 7, 2002). "Updated Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2002". Colorado State University. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ^ a b c "NOAA: 2002 Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. August 8, 2002. Archived from the original on September 20, 2008. Retrieved September 6, 2008.
- ^ "Colorado State Team issues first Post-August storm season update and September-only hurricane forecast – Reduces prediction". Colorado State University. September 3, 2002. Archived from the original on February 28, 2003. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
- ^ a b Aarti Shah (July 15, 2002). "Storm may be brewing off coast". The News and Observer. Raleigh, North Carolina. p. 10B – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved September 6, 2024.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Ken Graham (2021). "Record Breaking Hurricane Season 2020 and What's New for 2021" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
- ^
- Bowyer, Peter (2003). "A Climatology of Hurricanes for Canada: Improving Our Awareness of the Threat". Canadian Hurricane Centre. Archived from the original on February 6, 2009. Retrieved January 7, 2008.
- "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena" (PDF). Storm Data. 44 (8). Asheville, North Carolina: National Climatic Data Center. August 2002. ISSN 0039-1972. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 7, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2021. : 98, 99, 131, 172
- Jack Beven (November 20, 2002). Tropical Storm Bertha Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena" (PDF). Storm Data. 44 (8). Asheville, North Carolina: National Climatic Data Center. September 2002. ISSN 0039-1972. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 7, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2021. : 115
- Jack Beven (January 14, 2003). Hurricane Gustav Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- James L. Franklin; Jamie R. Rhome (December 16, 2002). Tropical Storm Hanna Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- Cenapred, Cepal y Servicio Sismológico Nacional (2008). Principales desastres naturales, 1980–2005 (PDF) (Report) (in Spanish). El Almanaque Mexicano. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 3, 2011. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- Lixion A. Avila (July 2, 2003). Hurricane Isidore Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- Stacy R. Stewart (November 16, 2002). Hurricane Kyle Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- Miles B. Lawrence (April 10, 2011). Hurricane Lili Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- Tropical Storm Lili Situation Report No. 2. Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency (Report). Relief Web. October 1, 2002. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- "Lili killed 4 in Haiti; deaths unreported for a week". USA Today. Associated Press. October 5, 2002. Archived from the original on May 22, 2008. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- Pan American Health Organization (September 30, 2002). Hurricane Lili in the Caribbean: Hurricane Lili Report #1 (Report). World Health Organization. Archived from the original on April 16, 2005. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ Jeff Masters (December 1, 2020). "A look back at the horrific 2020 Atlantic hurricane season". Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclones – September 2002". National Centers for Environmental Information. October 2002. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT. Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Miles Lawrence (2002). "Tropical Storm Arthur Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
- ^ Stacy Stewart (2002). "Tropical Depression One Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 7, 2008.
- ^ Jack Beven (2002). "Tropical Depression One Discussion Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 7, 2008.
- ^ Richard Pasch (2002). "Tropical Storm Arthur Discussion Six". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 7, 2008.
- ^ David Roth (2007). "Rainfall Summary for Tropical Storm Arthur". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved January 7, 2008.
- ^ Bermuda Weather Service (2002). "Bermuda Weather for July 2002". Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved January 7, 2008.
- ^ Environment Canada (2009). "2002-Arthur". Archived from the original on October 5, 2013. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
- ^ a b Jack Beven (November 20, 2002). Tropical Storm Bertha Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ "Damage report on Bertha" (PDF). Louisiana State University. 2002. Retrieved November 28, 2010.[dead link]
- ^ a b c James L. Franklin (August 22, 2002). Tropical Storm Cristobal Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ Jack Beven (2002). "Tropical Depression Three Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ Gary Padgett (2002). "Worldwide Tropical Summary for August 2002". Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ James Franklin (2002). "Tropical Storm Cristobal Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
- ^ Bermuda Weather Service (2002). "Bermuda Weather for August 2002". Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ "Rough weather foils Around the Island racers". The Royal Gazette. August 12, 2002. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
- ^ Alicia A. Caldwell (August 10, 2002). "This weekend, Atlantic coastline harbors a hazard". The Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
- ^ The Associated Press (August 10, 2002). "Winds sweep jellyfish off of northeast Fla. coast". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
- ^ National Climatic Data Center (2002). "Event Report for New York". Archived from the original on May 20, 2011. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ Tamer El-Ghobashy (August 12, 2002). "He saves son-in-law, but drowns in surf". The New York Daily News. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
- ^ a b c Lixion A. Avila (October 12, 2002). Tropical Storm Dolly Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ Lixion A. Avila (August 29, 2002). "Tropical Depression Four Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ^ Lixion A. Avila (August 29, 2002). "Tropical Storm Dolly Discussion Two". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 4, 2008. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ^ Jack Beven (August 29, 2002). "Tropical Storm Dolly Discussion Three". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ^ Lixion A. Avila (August 30, 2002). "Tropical Storm Dolly Discussion Six". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ^ Lixion A. Avila (August 31, 2002). "Tropical Storm Dolly Discussion Nine". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ^ a b Richard J. Pasch (January 16, 2003). "Tropical Storm Edouard" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ Roth, David M. (January 3, 2023). "Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Data. United States Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b Stacy R. Stewart (June 23, 2003). Tropical Storm Fay Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ Red Cross (September 9, 2002). "Tropical Storm Fay strikes south Texas". Red Cross. Archived from the original on August 27, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2008.
- ^ "Maestro damage report on Fay" (PDF). Louisiana State University. 2002. Retrieved November 28, 2010.[dead link]
- ^ a b Miles B. Lawrence (October 30, 2002). Tropical Depression Seven Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ Lixion Avila; Martin Nelson (September 7, 2002). "Tropical Depression Seven Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved October 25, 2008.
- ^ Miles Lawrence (September 7, 2002). "Tropical Depression Seven Discussion Two". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved October 25, 2008.
- ^ Richard Pasch (September 8, 2002). "Tropical Depression Seven Discussion Four". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved October 25, 2008.
- ^ Miles Lawrence (September 8, 2002). "Remnant Low Seven Discussion Five". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved October 25, 2008.
- ^ a b c Kevin Boyle (2003). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary". Australian Severe Weather. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ a b Jack Beven (January 14, 2003). Hurricane Gustav Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ "Hurricane Gustav Storm Summary". Canadian Hurricane Centre. October 7, 2002. Archived from the original on October 2, 2006. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ^ "Newfoundland hit with heavy rain, Gustav leaves land". CTV. September 12, 2002. Archived from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ a b c James L. Franklin; Jamie R. Rhome (December 16, 2002). Tropical Storm Hanna Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ "Tropical Storm Event Report for Alabama". National Climatic Data Center. Archived from the original on September 8, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ "Hanna washes ashore, quickly weakens in Alabama". USA Today. Associated Press. September 15, 2002. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ Lixion A. Avila (July 2, 2003). Hurricane Isidore Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ Cenapred, Cepal y Servicio Sismológico Nacional (2008). Principales desastres naturales, 1980–2005 (PDF) (Report) (in Spanish). El Almanaque Mexicano. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 3, 2011. Retrieved June 17, 2009.
- ^ a b David M. Roth. Black Background, color-filled rainfall graphic for Isidore. Archived September 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved on August 10, 2008.
- ^ "Isidore pummels Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula". USA Today. September 24, 2002. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved August 11, 2008.
- ^ John L. Beven II, Richard J. Pasch and Miles B. Lawrence. (December 23, 2003) Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2002. Archived April 28, 2017, at the Wayback Machine NOAA. Retrieved on August 10, 2008.
- ^ a b Richard J. Pasch (January 14, 2003). Tropical Storm Josephine Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ Richard J. Pasch (September 17, 2002). "Tropical Depression Eleven Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ^ Stacy Stewart (September 18, 2002). "Tropical Storm Josephine Discussion Three". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ^ Richard J. Pasch (September 18, 2002). "Tropical Storm Josephine Discussion Four". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ^ Richard J. Pasch (September 18, 2002). "Tropical Storm Josephine Discussion Six". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ^ Jack Beven (September 19, 2002). "Extratropical Storm Josephine Discussion Eight". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ^ a b c Stacy R. Stewart (November 16, 2002). Hurricane Kyle Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ "Weather Summary for October 2002". BermudaWeather. November 4, 2002. Archived from the original on September 29, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ David Roth (December 24, 2006). "Tropical Storm Kyle – October 10–12, 2002". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ "Tropical Storm Kyle". South Carolina State Climatology Office. Archived from the original on February 10, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (April 10, 2011). Hurricane Lili Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ National Weather Service Lake Charles (2002). "Lili Preliminary Storm Report". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on April 17, 2003. Retrieved April 8, 2008.
- ^ Jack Beven (November 20, 2002). Tropical Depression Fourteen Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
- ^ National Hurricane Operations Plan (PDF) (Report). Washington, D.C.: NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. May 2002. p. 3-7. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Names". Archived from the original on October 1, 2002. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
- ^ Barry, Rebecca (May 15, 2020). "What's the difference between a subtropical storm and a tropical storm?". Jacksonville, Florida: WJXT. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
- ^ National Hurricane Center (2008). "Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Names". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on August 4, 2008. Retrieved August 4, 2008.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Monthly Weather Review
- National Hurricane Center 2002 Atlantic hurricane season summary
- U.S. Rainfall from Tropical Cyclones in 2002