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m Disambiguating links to Dazed and Confused (link changed to Dazed and Confused (Jake Holmes song); link changed to Dazed and Confused (Jake Holmes song)) using DisamAssist.
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{{Short description|1990 compilation album by Led Zeppelin}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox album
{{Infobox album
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| released = {{Start date|1990|10|15|df=yes}}
| released = {{Start date|1990|10|15|df=yes}}
| recorded = October 1968 – December 1978
| recorded = October 1968 – December 1978
| venue =
| studio =
| studio =
| genre = [[Hard rock]], [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[blues rock]], [[folk rock]]
| genre =
*[[Hard rock]]
*[[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]]
*[[blues rock]]
*[[folk rock]]
| length = {{Duration|m=145|s=01}}
| length = {{Duration|m=145|s=01}}
| label = [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]
| label = [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]
Line 20: Line 24:
| next_year = 1993
| next_year = 1993
}}
}}
{{Music ratings
{{Album reviews
| rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
| rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
|rev1Score = {{rating|3|5}}<ref>[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r74162|pure_url=yes}} Allmusic Review]</ref>
| rev1score = {{rating|3|5}}<ref>[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r74162|pure_url=yes}} Allmusic Review]</ref>
| rev2 = ''[[The Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]''
| rev2score = {{Rating|5|5}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Larkin|first=Colin|author-link=Colin Larkin|title=The Encyclopedia of Popular Music|year=2007|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|edition=4th|isbn=978-0195313734|title-link=The Encyclopedia of Popular Music}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''''Led Zeppelin Remasters''''' is a three-LP (or two-cassette or two-CD) [[compilation album]] of digitally remastered material by English rock band [[Led Zeppelin]]. Containing songs from eight of the band's nine studio albums, it was initially released in the UK and Japan by [[Atlantic Records]] on 15 October 1990. The album is essentially a scaled-down version of the four-CD ''[[Led Zeppelin Boxed Set]]''.
'''''Led Zeppelin Remasters''''' is a three-LP (or two-cassette or two-CD) [[compilation album]] of digitally remastered material by English rock band [[Led Zeppelin]]. Containing songs from the band's eight studio albums, it was initially released in the UK and Japan by [[Atlantic Records]] on 15 October 1990. The album is essentially a scaled-down version of the four-CD ''[[Led Zeppelin Boxed Set]]''.
__TOC__

{{clear}}
This compilation set came about as a result of the initially rushed conversion of Led Zeppelin's album to the [[compact disc]] format in the late 1980s. Led Zeppelin were among the first rock bands to be re-issued on CD, but such was the haste to capitalise on the new format that the new CDs were derived not from re-equalised [[master tapes]], but from sound-generation tapes that had been equalised for the original vinyl platters.<ref name="Snow1990">Mat Snow, "Apocalypse Then", ''[[Q (magazine)|Q]]'' magazine, December 1990, p. 74.</ref> For this 1990 reissue, Led Zeppelin guitarist and producer [[Jimmy Page]] himself supervised the mastering process, which was based on Led Zeppelin's archive of master tapes.


==Track listing==
==Track listing==
Line 35: Line 41:
| writer1 = [[John Bonham]], [[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]], and [[Jimmy Page]]
| writer1 = [[John Bonham]], [[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]], and [[Jimmy Page]]
| length1 = 2:29
| length1 = 2:29
| title2 = [[Babe I'm Gonna Leave You#Led Zeppelin interpretation|Babe I'm Gonna Leave You]]
| title2 = [[Babe I'm Gonna Leave You#Led Zeppelin version|Babe I'm Gonna Leave You]]
| note2 = from ''Led Zeppelin''
| note2 = from ''Led Zeppelin''
| writer2 = Bredon, Page, and [[Robert Plant]]
| writer2 = Bredon, Page, and [[Robert Plant]]
Line 43: Line 49:
| writer3 = Bonham, Jones, and Page
| writer3 = Bonham, Jones, and Page
| length3 = 2:45
| length3 = 2:45
| title4 = [[Dazed and Confused (song)#Led Zeppelin|Dazed and Confused]]
| title4 = [[Dazed and Confused (Jake Holmes song)|Dazed and Confused]]
| note4 = from ''Led Zeppelin''
| note4 = from ''Led Zeppelin''
| writer4 = Page (inspired by [[Jake Holmes]])
| writer4 = Page (inspired by [[Jake Holmes]])
Line 77: Line 83:
{{Track listing
{{Track listing
| headline = Side three
| headline = Side three
| title11 = [[Black Dog (song)|Black Dog]]
| title11 = [[Black Dog (Led Zeppelin song)|Black Dog]]
| note11 = from ''[[Led Zeppelin IV]]'', 1971
| note11 = from ''[[Led Zeppelin IV]]'', 1971
| writer11 = Jones, Page and Plant
| writer11 = Jones, Page and Plant
Line 122: Line 128:
| note20 = from ''Physical Graffiti''
| note20 = from ''Physical Graffiti''
| writer20 = Bonham, Page and Plant
| writer20 = Bonham, Page and Plant
| length20 = 8:32
| length20 = 8:33
| title21 = [[Nobody's Fault but Mine]]
| title21 = [[Nobody's Fault but Mine]]
| note21 = from ''[[Presence (album)|Presence]]'', 1976
| note21 = from ''[[Presence (album)|Presence]]'', 1976
Line 145: Line 151:
:"[[Misty Mountain Hop]]" and "[[The Rain Song]]" were not included on the LP edition of the album.
:"[[Misty Mountain Hop]]" and "[[The Rain Song]]" were not included on the LP edition of the album.


==Personnel==
==Sales chart performance==
'''Led Zeppelin'''
{|class="wikitable sortable"
*[[John Bonham]] – drums, [[Percussion instrument|percussion]]
|+Sales chart performance for ''Led Zeppelin Remasters''
*[[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]] – bass guitar, keyboards, [[mandolin]]
!Chart (1990)
*[[Jimmy Page]] – acoustic and electric guitars, [[Record producer|production]], [[Audio mastering|remastering]], digital remastering
!align="center"|Peak position
*[[Robert Plant]] – vocals, [[harmonica]]

'''Additional musicians'''
*[[Sandy Denny]] – vocals on "The Battle of Evermore".
*[[Ian Stewart (musician)|Ian Stewart]] – piano on "Rock and Roll"

'''Production'''
*Yves Beauvais – producer
*Perry Cooper – executive producer
*Bob Defrin – [[art direction]]
*Larry Fremantle – design
*[[Peter Grant (music manager)|Peter Grant]] – [[executive producer]]
*Bob Gruen – photography
*Richard "Hutch" Hutchison – design co-ordinator
*John Kubick – digital editing and transfers
*George Marino – digital [[Audio mastering|remastering]]
*Jennifer Moore – photography and imaging
*Aubrey Powell – photography
*Jodi Rovin – design
*Rhonda Schoen – digital editing and transfers
*Chris Wroe – photography and imaging

==Chart performance==
{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+Chart performance for ''Led Zeppelin Remasters''
!scope="col"|Chart (1990)
!scope="col"|Peak<br />position
|-
|-
| UK Albums Chart<ref name="UK albums chart">{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/archive/official-albums-chart/ |title=Top 100 Albums - 27&nbsp;October 1990 |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] |access-date=19 January 2009 }}</ref>
! scope="row"| Australian ARIA Albums Chart<ref name="Australia album charts">{{cite web | url = http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Remasters&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 11&nbsp;July 1993 | publisher = ARIA | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
|align="center"|10
|align="center"|1
|-
|-
| Japanese Albums Chart<ref name="Japanese albums chart">{{cite web | url = http://www.oricon.co.jp/ | title = Top 100 Albums - 15&nbsp;November 1990 | publisher = Oricon | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
! scope="row"| Austrian Albums Chart<ref name="Austria album charts">{{cite web | url = http://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Remasters&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 2&nbsp;November 1997 | publisher = austriancharts.at | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|19
|-
|-
| German Albums Chart<ref name="German albums chart">{{cite web|url=http://www.charts-surfer.de/musiksearch.php |title=Top 100 Albums - December 1990 |publisher=charts-surfer.de |access-date=19 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108013622/http://www.charts-surfer.de/musiksearch.php |archive-date=8 January 2009 }}</ref>
! scope="row"| Belgian Albums Chart (Flanders)<ref name="Belgian album charts">{{cite web | url = https://www.ultratop.be/nl/album/47d/Led-Zeppelin-Remasters | title = Top 100 Albums - 18&nbsp;October 1997 | publisher = ultratop.be | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
|align="center"|13
|align="center"|46
|-
|-
| Swiss Albums Chart<ref name="Switzerland album charts">{{cite web | url = http://hitparade.ch/showitem.asp?key=1149&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 20&nbsp;January 1991 | publisher = hitparade.ch | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
! scope="row"| Belgian Albums Chart (Wallonia)<ref name="Belgian album charts w">{{cite web | url = https://www.ultratop.be/fr/album/47d/Led-Zeppelin-Remasters | title = Top 100 Albums - 18&nbsp;October 1997 | publisher = ultratop.be | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
|align="center"|24
|align="center"|32
|-
|-
| Australian ARIA Albums Chart<ref name="Australia album charts">{{cite web | url = http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Remasters&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 11&nbsp;July 1993 | publisher = ARIA | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
! scope="row"| Dutch Albums Chart<ref name="Dutch album charts">{{cite web | url = http://dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Remasters&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 13&nbsp;September 1997 | publisher = dutchcharts.nl | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|33
|-
|-
| New Zealand RIANZ Albums Chart<ref name="New Zealand album charts">{{cite web | url = https://charts.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Remasters&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 18&nbsp;August 1996 | publisher = RIANZ | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
! scope="row"| Finnish Albums Chart<ref name="Finland album charts">{{cite web | url = http://finnishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Remasters&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 13&nbsp;September 1997 | publisher = finnishcharts.com | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
|align="center"|3
|-
| Finnish Albums Chart<ref name="Finland album charts">{{cite web | url = http://finnishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Remasters&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 13&nbsp;September 1997 | publisher = finnishcharts.com | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|1
|-
|-
| Dutch Albums Chart<ref name="Dutch album charts">{{cite web | url = http://dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Remasters&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 13&nbsp;September 1997 | publisher = dutchcharts.nl | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
! scope="row"| German Albums Chart<ref name="German albums chart">{{cite web|url=http://www.charts-surfer.de/musiksearch.php |title=Top 100 Albums - December 1990 |publisher=charts-surfer.de |access-date=19 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108013622/http://www.charts-surfer.de/musiksearch.php |archive-date=8 January 2009 }}</ref>
|align="center"|33
|align="center"|13
|-
| Swedish Albums Chart<ref name="Sweden album charts">{{cite web | url = http://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Remasters&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 10&nbsp;October 1997 | publisher = swedishcharts.com | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
|align="center"| 21
|-
|-
| Belgian Albums Chart (Walloon)<ref name="Belgian album charts w">{{cite web | url = http://www.ultratop.be/fr/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Remasters&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 18&nbsp;October 1997 | publisher = ultratop.be | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
! scope="row"| Japanese Albums Chart<ref name="Japanese albums chart">{{cite web | url = http://www.oricon.co.jp/ | title = Top 100 Albums - 15&nbsp;November 1990 | publisher = Oricon | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|32
|-
|-
| Belgian Albums Chart (Flemish)<ref name="Belgian album charts">{{cite web | url = http://www.ultratop.be/nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Remasters&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 18&nbsp;October 1997 | publisher = ultratop.be | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
! scope="row"| New Zealand RIANZ Albums Chart<ref name="New Zealand album charts">{{cite web | url = https://charts.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Remasters&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 18&nbsp;August 1996 | publisher = RIANZ | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
|align="center"|46
|align="center"|3
|-
|-
| Spanish Albums Chart<ref name="Spanish albums chart">{{cite web | url = http://www.promusicae.es/english.html | title = Top 100 Albums - 25&nbsp;October 1997 | publisher = PROMUSICAE | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
! scope="row"| Norwegian Albums Chart<ref name="Norway album charts">{{cite web | url = http://norwegiancharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Remasters&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 16&nbsp;November 1997 | publisher = norwegiancharts.com | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
|align="center"|8
|-
! scope="row"| Spanish Albums Chart<ref name="Spanish albums chart">{{cite web | url = http://www.promusicae.es/english.html | title = Top 100 Albums - 25&nbsp;October 1997 | publisher = PROMUSICAE | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
|align="center"|12
|align="center"|12
|-
|-
| Austrian Albums Chart<ref name="Austria album charts">{{cite web | url = http://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Remasters&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 2&nbsp;November 1997 | publisher = austriancharts.at | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
! scope="row"| Swedish Albums Chart<ref name="Sweden album charts">{{cite web | url = http://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Remasters&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 10&nbsp;October 1997 | publisher = swedishcharts.com | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
|align="center"|19
|align="center"| 21
|-
|-
| Norwegian Albums Chart<ref name="Norway album charts">{{cite web | url = http://norwegiancharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Remasters&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 16&nbsp;November 1997 | publisher = norwegiancharts.com | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
! scope="row"| Swiss Albums Chart<ref name="Switzerland album charts">{{cite web | url = http://hitparade.ch/showitem.asp?key=1149&cat=a | title = Top 100 Albums - 20&nbsp;January 1991 | publisher = hitparade.ch | access-date = 19 January 2009}}</ref>
|align="center"|8
|align="center"|24
|-
|-
! scope="row"| UK Albums Chart<ref name="UK albums chart">{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/archive/official-albums-chart/ |title=Top 100 Albums - 27&nbsp;October 1990 |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] |access-date=19 January 2009 }}</ref>
|align="center"|10
|}
|}


==Certifications and sales==
==Sales certifications==
{{Certification Table Top|caption=Sales certifications for ''Led Zeppelin Remasters''}}
{{Certification Table Top|caption=Certifications for ''Led Zeppelin Remasters''}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Argentina|type=album|award=Platinum|relyear=1997|title=Led Zeppelin Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|certref=<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=&album=&LanDesde_MM=1&LanDesde_AA=1980&LanHasta_MM=12&LanHasta_AA=2010&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110820130534/http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=&album=&LanDesde_MM=1&LanDesde_AA=1980&LanHasta_MM=12&LanHasta_AA=2010&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP| archive-date = 20 August 2011 |language=es| publisher = [[Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas]] | title = Discos de Oro y Platino}}</ref>}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Argentina|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Platinum|relyear=1997}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Platinum|number=10|certyear=2007|salesamount=730,000|salesref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/society-and-culture/blogs/the-tribal-mind/the-tribal-mind-archive-the-music-australia-loved-20130110-2cilw.html|title=The Music Australia Loved|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=1 January 2013|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112160723/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/society-and-culture/blogs/the-tribal-mind/the-tribal-mind-archive-the-music-australia-loved-20130110-2cilw.html|archive-date=12 January 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Platinum|number=10|certyear=2007}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Austria|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Gold|certyear=2000|relyear=1990|access-date=July 20, 2022}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Brazil|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Gold|relyear=1990|certyear=1999}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Brazil|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Gold|relyear=1990|certyear=1999}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Finland|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Gold|salesamount=35,440}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Finland|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Gold|salesamount=35,440}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=France|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=compilation|award=Platinum|certyear=1997|relyear=1990}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=France|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=compilation|award=Platinum|certyear=1997|relyear=1990}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Germany|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Platinum|relyear=1990}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Germany|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Platinum|relyear=1990}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Italy|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Gold|certyear=2019|relyear=1990|access-date=July 20, 2022}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=New Zealand|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Platinum|number=11|certref=<ref name="RIANZ">{{cite book | author= Scapolo, Dean| title=The Complete New Zealand Music Charts| edition=1st | location=Wellington| publisher=Transpress| year=2007| isbn=978-1-877443-00-8}}</ref>}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=New Zealand|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Platinum|number=11|certref=<ref name="RIANZ">{{cite book | author= Scapolo, Dean| title=The Complete New Zealand Music Charts| edition=1st | location=Wellington| publisher=Transpress| year=2007| isbn=978-1-877443-00-8}}</ref>}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Norway|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Gold|relyear=1990}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Norway|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Gold|relyear=1990}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Spain|title=Led Zeppelin IV|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Platinum|salesamount=100,000|certref=<ref name="Salaverri1996-1999">{{cite book|url=http://www.mediafire.com/view/pd758fesp2w7i7f/Spanish+Certifications+for+1996-1999.pdf|title=Sólo éxitos: año a año : 1959–2002|publisher=Iberautor Promociones Culturales|isbn=84-8048-639-2|last=Salaverri|first=Fernando|date=2005|access-date=31 July 2013|language=es}}</ref>}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Spain|title=Led Zeppelin IV|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Platinum|certref=<ref name="Salaverri1996-1999">{{cite book|url=http://www.mediafire.com/view/pd758fesp2w7i7f/Spanish+Certifications+for+1996-1999.pdf|title=Sólo éxitos: año a año : 1959–2002|publisher=Iberautor Promociones Culturales|isbn=84-8048-639-2|last=Salaverri|first=Fernando|date=2005|access-date=31 July 2013|language=es}}</ref>|relyear=1990}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Switzerland|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Gold|relyear=1990}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Switzerland|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Gold|relyear=1990}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Platinum|number=2}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Platinum|number=2|certyear=2001|id=5448-2162-2}}
{{Certification Table Summary}}
{{Certification Table Summary}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Europe|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Platinum|number=3|certyear=2013}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Europe|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Platinum|number=3|certyear=2013}}
{{Certification Table Bottom}}
{{Certification Table Bottom|streaming=true}}


==Release history==
==Release history==
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+Release formats for ''Led Zeppelin Remasters''
|+Release formats for ''Led Zeppelin Remasters''
! Region
! Region
Line 221: Line 255:
! Catalog #
! Catalog #
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center" | United Kingdom
! scope="row" rowspan="2" align="center" | United Kingdom
| rowspan="2" align="center" | 15 October 1990
| rowspan="2" align="center" | 15 October 1990
| rowspan="2" align="center" | [[Atlantic Records]]
| rowspan="2" align="center" | [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]
| 3LP (33 rpm)
| 3LP (33 rpm)
| align="center" | ZEP 1
| align="center" | ZEP 1
|-
|-
|-
| 2CD
| 2CD
| align="center" | 80415-2
| align="center" | 80415-2
|-
|}
|}

==Personnel==
;[[Led Zeppelin]]
*[[John Bonham]] – [[Drum kit|drums]], [[Percussion instrument|percussion]]
*[[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]] – [[bass guitar]], [[Keyboard instrument|keyboards]], [[mandolin]]
*[[Jimmy Page]] – [[Acoustic guitar|acoustic]] and [[Electric guitar|electric]] [[guitar]]s, [[Record producer|production]], [[Audio mastering|remastering]], digital remastering
*[[Robert Plant]] – [[Singing|vocals]], [[harmonica]]

;Additional musicians
*[[Sandy Denny]] – vocals on "The Battle of Evermore".
*[[Ian Stewart (musician)|Ian Stewart]] – [[piano]] on "Rock and Roll"

;production
*Yves Beauvais – producer
*Perry Cooper – executive producer
*Bob Defrin – [[art direction]]
*Larry Fremantle – design
*[[Peter Grant (music manager)|Peter Grant]] – [[executive producer]]
*Bob Gruen – photography
*Richard "Hutch" Hutchison – design co-ordinator
*John Kubick – digital editing and transfers
*George Marino – digital [[Audio mastering|remastering]]
*Jennifer Moore – photography and imaging
*Aubrey Powell – photography
*Jodi Rovin – design
*Rhonda Schoen – digital editing and transfers
*Chris Wroe – photography and imaging


==''Led Zeppelin Remasters'' (Bonus Disc edition)==
==''Led Zeppelin Remasters'' (Bonus Disc edition)==
Line 269: Line 274:
| released = 21 February 1992
| released = 21 February 1992
| recorded = October 1968 – December 1978
| recorded = October 1968 – December 1978
| venue =
| studio =
| studio =
| genre = [[Hard rock]], [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[blues rock]], [[folk rock]]
| genre = [[Hard rock]], [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[blues rock]], [[folk rock]]
Line 283: Line 287:
'''''Led Zeppelin Remasters'' (Bonus Disc edition)''' is a three-CD and three-cassette [[compilation album]] long-case digipak of remastered material by [[England|English]] [[rock group]] [[Led Zeppelin]]. The discs came in a multicolour dayglo label reflected on the box set cover. It was released in the US by [[Atlantic Records]] on 21 February 1992. This release includes a bonus CD featuring promotional interviews with [[Jimmy Page]], [[Robert Plant]] and [[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]], included in a sleeve pouch with liner notes from the original ''Remasters'' release.
'''''Led Zeppelin Remasters'' (Bonus Disc edition)''' is a three-CD and three-cassette [[compilation album]] long-case digipak of remastered material by [[England|English]] [[rock group]] [[Led Zeppelin]]. The discs came in a multicolour dayglo label reflected on the box set cover. It was released in the US by [[Atlantic Records]] on 21 February 1992. This release includes a bonus CD featuring promotional interviews with [[Jimmy Page]], [[Robert Plant]] and [[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]], included in a sleeve pouch with liner notes from the original ''Remasters'' release.


==Revised track listing==
===Revised track listing===
{{Track listing
{{Track listing
| headline = Disc one
| headline = Disc one
Line 290: Line 294:
| writer1 = [[John Bonham]], [[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]], [[Jimmy Page]]
| writer1 = [[John Bonham]], [[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]], [[Jimmy Page]]
| length1 = 2:29
| length1 = 2:29
| title2 = [[Babe I'm Gonna Leave You#Led Zeppelin interpretation|Babe I'm Gonna Leave You]]
| title2 = [[Babe I'm Gonna Leave You#Led Zeppelin version|Babe I'm Gonna Leave You]]
| note2 = from ''Led Zeppelin''
| note2 = from ''Led Zeppelin''
| writer2 = [[Anne Bredon]], Page, and [[Robert Plant]]
| writer2 = [[Anne Bredon]], Page, and [[Robert Plant]]
Line 298: Line 302:
| writer3 = Bonham, Jones, and Page
| writer3 = Bonham, Jones, and Page
| length3 = 2:45
| length3 = 2:45
| title4 = [[Dazed and Confused (song)#Led Zeppelin|Dazed and Confused]]
| title4 = [[Dazed and Confused (Jake Holmes song)|Dazed and Confused]]
| note4 = from ''Led Zeppelin''
| note4 = from ''Led Zeppelin''
| writer4 = Page (inspired by [[Jake Holmes]])
| writer4 = Page (inspired by [[Jake Holmes]])
Line 326: Line 330:
| writer10 = Jones, Page, and Plant
| writer10 = Jones, Page, and Plant
| length10 = 7:24
| length10 = 7:24
| title11 = [[Black Dog (song)|Black Dog]]
| title11 = [[Black Dog (Led Zeppelin song)|Black Dog]]
| note11 = from ''[[Led Zeppelin IV]]'', 1971
| note11 = from ''[[Led Zeppelin IV]]'', 1971
| writer11 = Jones, Page, and Plant
| writer11 = Jones, Page, and Plant
Line 372: Line 376:
| note6 = from ''Physical Graffiti''
| note6 = from ''Physical Graffiti''
| writer6 = Bonham, Page, and Plant
| writer6 = Bonham, Page, and Plant
| length6 = 8:32
| length6 = 8:33
| title7 = [[Trampled Under Foot]]
| title7 = [[Trampled Under Foot]]
| note7 = from ''Physical Graffiti''
| note7 = from ''Physical Graffiti''
Line 403: Line 407:
Disc three was originally issued under the title ''Profiled'', as a promotional accompaniment to the ''[[Led Zeppelin Boxed Set]]''.
Disc three was originally issued under the title ''Profiled'', as a promotional accompaniment to the ''[[Led Zeppelin Boxed Set]]''.


===Personnel===
==Sales chart performance==
'''Led Zeppelin'''
{|class="wikitable"
*[[John Bonham]] – drums
|+Sales chart performance for ''Led Zeppelin Remasters'' (bonus disc)
*[[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]] – bass guitar, keyboards, [[mandolin]]
!Year
*[[Jimmy Page]] – guitars, [[Record producer|production]]
!Chart
*[[Robert Plant]] – vocals, [[harmonica]], [[tambourine]]
!align="center"|Peak position

'''Additional musicians'''
*[[Sandy Denny]] – vocals on "The Battle of Evermore"
*[[Ian Stewart (musician)|Ian Stewart]] – piano on "Rock and Roll"

===Chart performance===
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+Chart performance for ''Led Zeppelin Remasters'' (bonus disc)
!scope="col"|Chart (1999)
!scope="col"|Peak<br />position
|-
|-
! scope="row"| US ''Billboard'' 200<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/1992-04-04/billboard-200 |title=Billboard.com Remasters - 4&nbsp;April 1992 |magazine=Billboard |access-date=19 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705052155/http://www.billboard.com/charts/1992-04-04/billboard-200 |archive-date=5 July 2015 }}</ref>
| 1999
| US ''Billboard'' 200<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/1992-04-04/billboard-200 |title=Billboard.com Remasters - 4&nbsp;April 1992 |magazine=Billboard |access-date=19 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705052155/http://www.billboard.com/charts/1992-04-04/billboard-200 |archive-date=5 July 2015 }}</ref>
|align="center"|47
|align="center"|47
|-
|}
|}


===Certification===
==Sales certification==
{{Certification Table Top|caption=Sales certifications for ''Led Zeppelin Remasters'' (bonus disc)}}
{{Certification Table Top|caption=Certifications for ''Led Zeppelin Remasters'' (bonus disc)}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Platinum|number=10|certyear=2007|multidisc=2}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Platinum|number=2|multidisc=2}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|title=Remasters|artist=Led Zeppelin|type=album|award=Platinum|number=2|multidisc=2}}
{{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=yes}}
{{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=yes}}


==Release history==
===Release history===
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+Release formats for ''Led Zeppelin Remasters'' (bonus disc)
|+Release formats for ''Led Zeppelin Remasters'' (bonus disc)
! Region
! Region
Line 431: Line 442:
! Catalog #
! Catalog #
|-
|-
| rowspan="1" align="center" | United States
! scope="row" align="center" | United States
| rowspan="1" align="center" | 21 February 1992
| align="center" | 21 February 1992
| rowspan="1" align="center" | [[Atlantic Records]]
| align="center" | [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]
| 3CD
| 3CD
| align="center" | 82371-2
| align="center" | 82371-2
|-
|}
|}

==Personnel==
;Led Zeppelin
*[[John Bonham]] – [[Drum kit|drums]]
*[[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]] – [[bass guitar]], [[Keyboard instrument|keyboards]], [[mandolin]]
*[[Jimmy Page]] – [[guitar]]s, [[Record producer|production]]
*[[Robert Plant]] – [[Singing|vocals]], [[harmonica]], [[tambourine]]

;Additional musicians
*[[Sandy Denny]] – vocals on "The Battle of Evermore"
*[[Ian Stewart (musician)|Ian Stewart]] – piano on "Rock and Roll"


==See also==
==See also==
Line 454: Line 453:


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==

Revision as of 07:56, 30 June 2024

Led Zeppelin Remasters
A zeppelin flying over a crop circle
Compilation album by
Led Zeppelin
Released15 October 1990 (1990-10-15)
RecordedOctober 1968 – December 1978
Genre
Length145:01
LabelAtlantic
ProducerJimmy Page
CompilerJimmy Page
Led Zeppelin chronology
Led Zeppelin Boxed Set
(1990) 		Led Zeppelin Remasters
(1990) 		Led Zeppelin Boxed Set 2
(1993)
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[1]
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music[2]

Led Zeppelin Remasters is a three-LP (or two-cassette or two-CD) compilation album of digitally remastered material by English rock band Led Zeppelin. Containing songs from the band's eight studio albums, it was initially released in the UK and Japan by Atlantic Records on 15 October 1990. The album is essentially a scaled-down version of the four-CD Led Zeppelin Boxed Set.

Track listing

1990 vinyl edition
Side one
No.TitelWriter(s)Length
1."Communication Breakdown" (from Led Zeppelin, 1969)John Bonham, John Paul Jones, and Jimmy Page2:29
2."Babe I'm Gonna Leave You" (from Led Zeppelin)Bredon, Page, and Robert Plant6:42
3."Good Times Bad Times" (from Led Zeppelin)Bonham, Jones, and Page2:45
4."Dazed and Confused" (from Led Zeppelin)Page (inspired by Jake Holmes)6:26
5."Heartbreaker" (from Led Zeppelin II, 1969)Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant4:14
Side two
No.TitelWriter(s)Length
6."Whole Lotta Love" (from Led Zeppelin II)Bonham, Dixon, Jones, Page and Plant5:34
7."Ramble On" (from Led Zeppelin II)Page and Plant4:23
8."Since I've Been Loving You" (from Led Zeppelin III, 1970)Jones, Page and Plant7:24
9."Celebration Day" (from Led Zeppelin III)Jones, Page and Plant3:28
10."Immigrant Song" (from Led Zeppelin III)Page and Plant2:23
Side three
No.TitelWriter(s)Length
11."Black Dog" (from Led Zeppelin IV, 1971)Jones, Page and Plant4:54
12."Rock and Roll" (from Led Zeppelin IV)Bonham, Jones, Page and Plant3:40
13."The Battle of Evermore" (from Led Zeppelin IV)Page and Plant5:57
14."Stairway to Heaven" (from Led Zeppelin IV)Page and Plant8:02
Side four
No.TitelWriter(s)Length
15."The Song Remains the Same" (from Houses of the Holy, 1973)Page and Plant5:28
16."D'yer Mak'er" (from Houses of the Holy)Bonham, Jones, Page and Plant4:21
17."No Quarter" (from Houses of the Holy)Jones, Page and Plant7:01
18."Houses of the Holy" (from Physical Graffiti, 1975)Page and Plant4:03
Side five
No.TitelWriter(s)Length
19."Trampled Under Foot" (from Physical Graffiti)Jones, Page and Plant5:35
20."Kashmir" (from Physical Graffiti)Bonham, Page and Plant8:33
21."Nobody's Fault but Mine" (from Presence, 1976)Page and Plant6:27
Side six
No.TitelWriter(s)Length
22."Achilles Last Stand" (from Presence)Page and Plant10:23
23."All My Love" (from In Through the Out Door, 1979)Jones, Plant5:51
24."In the Evening" (from In Through the Out Door)Jones, Page and Plant6:49
"Misty Mountain Hop" and "The Rain Song" were not included on the LP edition of the album.

Personnel

Led Zeppelin

Additional musicians

Production

  • Yves Beauvais – producer
  • Perry Cooper – executive producer
  • Bob Defrin – art direction
  • Larry Fremantle – design
  • Peter Grant – executive producer
  • Bob Gruen – photography
  • Richard "Hutch" Hutchison – design co-ordinator
  • John Kubick – digital editing and transfers
  • George Marino – digital remastering
  • Jennifer Moore – photography and imaging
  • Aubrey Powell – photography
  • Jodi Rovin – design
  • Rhonda Schoen – digital editing and transfers
  • Chris Wroe – photography and imaging

Chart performance

Chart performance for Led Zeppelin Remasters
Chart (1990) Peak
position
Australian ARIA Albums Chart[3] 1
Austrian Albums Chart[4] 19
Belgian Albums Chart (Flanders)[5] 46
Belgian Albums Chart (Wallonia)[6] 32
Dutch Albums Chart[7] 33
Finnish Albums Chart[8] 1
German Albums Chart[9] 13
Japanese Albums Chart[10] 32
New Zealand RIANZ Albums Chart[11] 3
Norwegian Albums Chart[12] 8
Spanish Albums Chart[13] 12
Swedish Albums Chart[14] 21
Swiss Albums Chart[15] 24
UK Albums Chart[16] 10

Certifications and sales

Certifications for Led Zeppelin Remasters
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Argentina (CAPIF)[17] Platinum 60,000^
Australia (ARIA)[19] 10× Platinum 730,000[18]
Austria (IFPI Austria)[20] Gold 25,000*
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[21] Gold 100,000*
Finland (Musiikkituottajat)[22] Gold 35,440[22]
France (SNEP)[23] Platinum 300,000*
Germany (BVMI)[24] Platinum 500,000^
Italy (FIMI)[25] Gold 25,000‡
New Zealand (RMNZ)[26] 11× Platinum 165,000^
Norway (IFPI Norway)[27] Gold 25,000*
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[28] Platinum 100,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[29] Gold 25,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[30] 2× Platinum 600,000^
Summaries
Europe (IFPI)[31] 3× Platinum 3,000,000*

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Release history

Release formats for Led Zeppelin Remasters
Region Date Label Format Catalog #
Vereinigtes Königreich 15 October 1990 Atlantic 3LP (33 rpm) ZEP 1
2CD 80415-2

Led Zeppelin Remasters (Bonus Disc edition)

Led Zeppelin Remasters (Bonus Disc edition)
Box set by
Led Zeppelin
Released21 February 1992
RecordedOctober 1968 – December 1978
GenreHard rock, heavy metal, blues rock, folk rock
Length205:01
LabelAtlantic
ProducerJimmy Page
CompilerJimmy Page

Led Zeppelin Remasters (Bonus Disc edition) is a three-CD and three-cassette compilation album long-case digipak of remastered material by English rock group Led Zeppelin. The discs came in a multicolour dayglo label reflected on the box set cover. It was released in the US by Atlantic Records on 21 February 1992. This release includes a bonus CD featuring promotional interviews with Jimmy Page, Robert Plant and John Paul Jones, included in a sleeve pouch with liner notes from the original Remasters release.

Revised track listing

Disc one
No.TitelWriter(s)Length
1."Communication Breakdown" (from Led Zeppelin, 1969)John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page2:29
2."Babe I'm Gonna Leave You" (from Led Zeppelin)Anne Bredon, Page, and Robert Plant6:42
3."Good Times Bad Times" (from Led Zeppelin)Bonham, Jones, and Page2:45
4."Dazed and Confused" (from Led Zeppelin)Page (inspired by Jake Holmes)6:26
5."Whole Lotta Love" (from Led Zeppelin II, 1969)Bonham, Willie Dixon, Jones, Page, and Plant5:34
6."Heartbreaker" (from Led Zeppelin II)Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant4:14
7."Ramble On" (from Led Zeppelin II)Page and Plant4:23
8."Immigrant Song" (from Led Zeppelin III, 1970)Page and Plant2:23
9."Celebration Day" (from Led Zeppelin III)Jones, Page, and Plant3:28
10."Since I've Been Loving You" (from Led Zeppelin III)Jones, Page, and Plant7:24
11."Black Dog" (from Led Zeppelin IV, 1971)Jones, Page, and Plant4:54
12."Rock and Roll" (from Led Zeppelin IV)Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant3:40
13."The Battle of Evermore" (from Led Zeppelin IV)Page and Plant5:57
14."Misty Mountain Hop" (from Led Zeppelin IV)Jones, Page, and Plant4:37
15."Stairway to Heaven" (from Led Zeppelin IV)Page and Plant8:02
Disc two
No.TitelWriter(s)Length
1."The Song Remains the Same" (from Houses of the Holy, 1973)Page and Plant5:28
2."The Rain Song" (from Houses of the Holy)Page and Plant7:39
3."D'yer Mak'er" (from Houses of the Holy)Bonham, Jones, Page and Plant4:21
4."No Quarter" (from Houses of the Holy)Jones, Page, and Plant7:01
5."Houses of the Holy" (from Physical Graffiti, 1975)Page and Plant4:03
6."Kashmir" (from Physical Graffiti)Bonham, Page, and Plant8:33
7."Trampled Under Foot" (from Physical Graffiti)Jones, Page, and Plant5:35
8."Nobody's Fault but Mine" (from Presence, 1976)Page and Plant6:27
9."Achilles Last Stand" (from Presence)Page and Plant10:23
10."All My Love" (from In Through the Out Door, 1979)Jones and Plant5:51
11."In the Evening" (from In Through the Out Door)Jones, Page, and Plant6:49
Disc three
Profiled

Disc three was originally issued under the title Profiled, as a promotional accompaniment to the Led Zeppelin Boxed Set.

Personnel

Led Zeppelin

Additional musicians

Chart performance

Chart performance for Led Zeppelin Remasters (bonus disc)
Chart (1999) Peak
position
US Billboard 200[32] 47

Certification

Certifications for Led Zeppelin Remasters (bonus disc)
Region Certification Certified units/sales
United States (RIAA)[33] 2× Platinum 1,000,000^

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

Release history

Release formats for Led Zeppelin Remasters (bonus disc)
Region Date Label Format Catalog #
Vereinigte Staaten 21 February 1992 Atlantic 3CD 82371-2

See also

References

  1. ^ Allmusic Review
  2. ^ Larkin, Colin (2007). The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195313734.
  3. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 11 July 1993". ARIA. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  4. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 2 November 1997". austriancharts.at. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  5. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 18 October 1997". ultratop.be. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  6. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 18 October 1997". ultratop.be. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  7. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 13 September 1997". dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  8. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 13 September 1997". finnishcharts.com. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  9. ^ "Top 100 Albums - December 1990". charts-surfer.de. Archived from the original on 8 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  10. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 15 November 1990". Oricon. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  11. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 18 August 1996". RIANZ. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  12. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 16 November 1997". norwegiancharts.com. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  13. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 25 October 1997". PROMUSICAE. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  14. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 10 October 1997". swedishcharts.com. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  15. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 20 January 1991". hitparade.ch. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  16. ^ "Top 100 Albums - 27 October 1990". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  17. ^ "Discos de Oro y Platino" (in Spanish). Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011.
  18. ^ "The Music Australia Loved". Sydney Morning Herald. 1 January 2013. Archived from the original on 12 January 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  19. ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2007 Albums" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association.
  20. ^ "Austrian album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Remasters" (in German). IFPI Austria. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  21. ^ "Brazilian album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Remasters" (in Portuguese). Pro-Música Brasil.
  22. ^ a b "Led Zeppelin" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland.
  23. ^ "French compilation certifications – Led Zeppelin – Remasters" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique.
  24. ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Led Zeppelin; 'Remasters')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
  25. ^ "Italian album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Remasters" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 20 July 2022. Select "2019" in the "Anno" drop-down menu. Type "Remasters" in the "Filtra" field. Select "Album e Compilation" under "Sezione".
  26. ^ Scapolo, Dean (2007). The Complete New Zealand Music Charts (1st ed.). Wellington: Transpress. ISBN 978-1-877443-00-8.
  27. ^ "Norwegian album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Remasters" (in Norwegian). IFPI Norway.
  28. ^ Salaverri, Fernando (2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año : 1959–2002 (PDF) (in Spanish). Iberautor Promociones Culturales. ISBN 84-8048-639-2. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  29. ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('Remasters')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien.
  30. ^ "British album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Remasters". British Phonographic Industry.
  31. ^ "IFPI Platinum Europe Awards – 2013". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry.
  32. ^ "Billboard.com Remasters - 4 April 1992". Billboard. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  33. ^ "American album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Remasters". Recording Industry Association of America.
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