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{{Short description|American politician and businessman}}
{{For|the American historian (1893–1975)|James Phinney Baxter III}}
{{For|the American historian (1893–1975)|James Phinney Baxter III}}
{{Infobox officeholder

[[File:James Phinney Baxter of Maine USA.jpg|thumb|right|James Phinney Baxter]]
| name = James Phinney Baxter
| image = James Phinney Baxter of Maine USA (cropped).jpg
⚫
'''James Phinney Baxter''' (March 23, 1831 in [[Gorham, Maine]] – May 8, 1921 in [[Portland, Maine]])<ref>[http://www.gorhamschools.org/~joanneg/gorham_tour/files/james_phinney_baxter.pdf www.gorhamschools.org]</ref><ref>[http://maineanencyclopedia.com/james-phinney-baxter/ maineencyclopedia.com]</ref> was an American businessman, historian, civic leader, and benefactor of [[Portland, Maine]].
| caption =
| office1 = 38th and 42nd [[List of mayors of Portland, Maine|Mayor of Portland]]
| term_start1 = 1893
| term_end1 = 1896
| predecessor1 = Darius H. Ingraham
| successor1 = [[Charles Randall (Maine politician)|Charles H. Randall]]
| term_start2 = 1904
| term_end2 = 1905
| predecessor2 = [[Frederic E. Boothby]]
| successor2 = [[Nathan Clifford (Maine politician)|Nathan Clifford]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1831|3|23}}
⚫
| birth_place = [[Gorham, Maine]], US
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1921|5|8|1831|3|23}}
| death_place = [[Portland, Maine]], US
| party = [[Maine Republican Party|Republican]]
| spouse =
| education =
| website =
⚫
}}
⚫
'''James Phinney Baxter''' (March 23, 1831 – May 8, 1921) was an American politician, businessperson, historian, civic leader, and benefactor of [[Portland, Maine]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gorhamschools.org/~joanneg/gorham_tour/files/james_phinney_baxter.pdf |title=www.gorhamschools.org |access-date=2015-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624071123/http://www.gorhamschools.org/~joanneg/gorham_tour/files/james_phinney_baxter.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://maineanencyclopedia.com/james-phinney-baxter/ maineencyclopedia.com]</ref> He was elected as mayor of Portland for six single-year terms between 1893 and 1905.


His personal library, containing over 100 leather-bound books of maps, portraits, engravings and personal letters, is available for reference at the [[Portland Public Library]].<ref>[http://www.portlandlibrary.com/locations/portlandroom.htm#baxter Portland Room Special Collections]</ref>
His personal library, containing over 100 leather-bound books of maps, portraits, engravings and personal letters, is available for reference at the [[Portland Public Library]].<ref>[http://www.portlandlibrary.com/locations/portlandroom.htm#baxter Portland Room Special Collections]</ref>


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
James Phinney Baxter was the son of Dr. Elihu Baxter and Sarah Cone Baxter.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=88sUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA164&lpg=PA164&dq=Dr.+Elihu+Baxter&source=bl&ots=-XmmSugQFC&sig=7kmE751vyjLftfTH94vDXkzxUTg&hl=en&ei=VZQRSuXeMo2qtAOThtSBAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 ''The New England Historical and Genealogical Register'' (1921)]</ref> He was born in [[Gorham, Maine]] (in what is now called the [[Baxter House (Gorham, Maine)|Baxter House]]), on March 23, 1831, but lived in Portland from 1840. He attended [[Master Jackson's School]] until 1844, and then [[Lynn Academy]] until 1848. He began work in the Boston law offices of [[Rufus Choate]], but ill health forced a return to Portland, where he worked in a dry goods importing business with William G Davis, pioneering a canning and packing business (Portland Packing Company) that became important to the state's economy.<ref name=NEHGS>[http://books.google.com/books?id=88sUAAAAYAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''The New England historical and genealogical register'', Volume 75 pg. 163 (July 1921) No. 299, New England Historic Genealogical Society]</ref>
James Phinney Baxter was the son of Dr. Elihu Baxter and Sarah Cone Baxter.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=88sUAAAAYAAJ&dq=Dr.+Elihu+Baxter&pg=PA164 ''The New England Historical and Genealogical Register'' (1921)]</ref> He was born in [[Gorham, Maine]] (in what is now called the [[Baxter House (Gorham, Maine)|Baxter House]]), on March 23, 1831, but lived in Portland from 1840. He attended Master Jackson's School until 1844, and then Lynn Academy until 1848. He began work in the Boston law offices of [[Rufus Choate]], but ill health forced a return to Portland, where he worked in a dry goods importing business with William G Davis, pioneering a canning and packing business (Portland Packing Company) that became important to the state's economy.<ref name=NEHGS>[https://books.google.com/books?id=88sUAAAAYAAJ ''The New England historical and genealogical register'', Volume 75 pg. 163 (July 1921) No. 299, New England Historic Genealogical Society]</ref>


He used the wealth engendered by his successful business for many philanthropic purposes. He was particularly passionate about supporting educational endeavors, and donated a public library (the [[Baxter Memorial Library]]) to his birthplace, Gorham, and a library to his adopted city, Portland.<ref name=NEHGS />
He used the wealth engendered by his successful business for many philanthropic purposes. He was particularly passionate about supporting educational endeavors, and donated a public library (the [[Baxter Memorial Library]]) to his birthplace, Gorham, and a library to his adopted city, Portland.<ref name=NEHGS/>


He was mayor of Portland for six years, and the moving spirit behind [[Baxter Boulevard]], a tree-lined road that circles the edge of [[Back Cove, Portland, Maine|Back Cove]], which is often used for exercise and recreation. He was also recognized as an authority on New England history, and among his other interests, he was president of the [[Maine Historical Society]] for thirty years and an overseer of [[Bowdoin College]], and connected with many other organizations that furthered the interests of New England history. One of his greatest literary and historical achievements was the editing of twenty of the twenty four volumes of [[The Documentary History of Maine]].<ref name=NEHGS />
He was mayor of Portland for six years, and the moving spirit behind [[Baxter Boulevard]], a tree-lined road that circles the edge of [[Back Cove, Portland, Maine|Back Cove]], which is often used for exercise and recreation. He was also recognized as an authority on New England history, and among his other interests, he was president of the [[Maine Historical Society]] for thirty years and an overseer of [[Bowdoin College]], and connected with many other organizations that furthered the interests of New England history. One of his greatest literary and historical achievements was the editing of twenty of the twenty-four volumes of The Documentary History of Maine.<ref name=NEHGS/>


Baxter also devoted several years to unearthing the details of Capt. [[Christopher Levett]]'s settlement at Portland in 1623–1624. An English sea captain and explorer, Levett's history and the details of the colony he attempted to found had been largely forgotten when Baxter's scholarship illuminated them. Baxter later published a book about Levett, which incorporated the text of Levett's own earlier work, published in 1628 in London.<ref name=NEHGS />
Baxter also devoted several years to unearthing the details of Capt. [[Christopher Levett]]'s settlement at Portland in 1623–1624. An English sea captain and explorer, Levett's history and the details of the colony he attempted to found had been largely forgotten when Baxter's scholarship illuminated them. Baxter later published a book about Levett, which incorporated the text of Levett's own earlier work, published in 1628 in London.<ref name=NEHGS/>
[[File:Christopher Levett of York The Pioneer Colonist in Casco Bay.png|thumb|right|240px|[[Title page]], ''Christopher Levett, of York: The Pioneer Colonist in Casco Bay'', published by The Gorges Society, 1893]]
[[File:Christopher Levett of York The Pioneer Colonist in Casco Bay.png|thumb|right|240px|[[Title page]], ''Christopher Levett, of York: The Pioneer Colonist in Casco Bay'', published by The Gorges Society, 1893]]


He was elected a Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1915.<ref name=AAAS>[http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf ''Book of Members, 1780-2010'' Chapter B, American Academy of Arts and Sciences]</ref>
In 1887 Baxter was elected a member of the [[American Antiquarian Society]] in 1887.<ref>[http://www.americanantiquarian.org/memberlistb American Antiquarian Society Members Directory]</ref> He was elected a Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1915.<ref name=AAAS>[http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf ''Book of Members, 1780-2010'' Chapter B, American Academy of Arts and Sciences]</ref> Baxter was a member of the Maine [[Society of Colonial Wars]].


Baxter was a life-long [[opponent of vivisection]] and his [[Will and testament|Will]] prohibited any payment from his estate to persons who practiced vivisection.<ref>Baxter, Percival Proctor. (1921). [https://archive.org/details/jamesphinneybaxt00baxt/page/8/mode/2up ''James Phinney Baxter, Historian, Portland, Maine, 1831-1921'']. Maine State Library.</ref>
Baxter was a member of the Maine [[Society of Colonial Wars]].


==Personal==
⚫
Baxter died in 1921 at the age of 90, and a Congregationalist pastor officiated at his funeral, although Baxter was also affiliated with the Swedenborg Church.<ref>[http://www.theportlandchurch.org/page_to_print.cfm?id=293 ''History of Portland New Church'']</ref>

[[File:Baxter Monument - Evergreen Cemetery.JPG|right|thumb|250px|The Baxter Family Monument in Evergreen Cemetery]]
⚫
Baxter died in 1921 at the age of 90, and a Congregationalist pastor officiated at his funeral, although Baxter was also affiliated with the Swedenborg Church.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theportlandchurch.org/page_to_print.cfm?id=293 |title=''History of Portland New Church'' |access-date=2010-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728100205/http://www.theportlandchurch.org/page_to_print.cfm?id=293 |archive-date=2011-07-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He is buried at [[Evergreen Cemetery (Portland, Maine)|Evergreen Cemetery]] and a large monument to him and his family is located at his gravesite.

His son, Governor of Maine (1921–1924) [[Percival Proctor Baxter]], wrote a short biography of his father, [https://archive.org/details/jamesphinneybaxt00baxt ''James Phinney Baxter, Historian''] in 1921. concluding with "My father had faith in mankind, faith in the future of America, faith in God and faith in the world to come."

==Selected publications==
⚫
He published: ''[[New International Encyclopedia]]''


==Writings==
⚫
He published: [[New International Encyclopedia]]
* ''The Trelawney Papers'' (1884)
* ''The Trelawney Papers'' (1884)
* ''George Cleeve and His Times'' (1885)
* ''George Cleeve and His Times'' (1885)
* [http://battle-of-saratoga.webs.com/TheBritishInvasionFromTheNorth.htm ''The British Invasion from the North'' (1887)]
* [http://battle-of-saratoga.webs.com/TheBritishInvasionFromTheNorth.htm ''The British Invasion from the North'' (1887)]
* ''Sir Ferdinando Georges and his Province of Maine'' (1890)
* ''Sir [[Ferdinando Gorges|Ferdinando Georges]] and his Province of Maine'' (1890)
* ''Christopher Levett, of York: The Pioneer Colonist in Casco Bay'' (1893)
* ''Christopher Levett, of York: The Pioneer Colonist in Casco Bay'' (1893)
* ''The Observatory'' (1893)
* ''The Pioneers of New France in New England'' (1894)
* ''The Pioneers of New France in New England'' (1894)
* ''The Voyages of Jacque Cartier'' (1906)
* ''The Voyages of Jacque Cartier'' (1906)
* "The Greatest of Literary Problems: The Authorship of the Shakespeare Works (1917)
* ''The Greatest of Literary Problems: The Authorship of the Shakespeare Works'' (1917)


==Descendants ==
==Descendants ==
Descendants of James Phinney Baxter include:
Descendants of James Phinney Baxter include:
{{multicol}}
*[[Percival Proctor Baxter]], Governor of Maine
*[[Percival Proctor Baxter]], Governor of Maine
*[[James Phinney Baxter III]], President of Williams College
*[[James Phinney Baxter III]], President of Williams College
{{multicol}}


==References==
==References==
Line 44: Line 70:


==External links==
==External links==
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=James Phinney Baxter}}
* [http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/me/cumberland/gorham/baxter/sj9p78.txt Obituary]
* [http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/me/cumberland/gorham/baxter/sj9p78.txt Obituary]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=gwKwEbZhv3cC&dq=christopher+levett+pioneer+casco+bay+baxter&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=UQIROy4YDZ&sig=lVb4mmLV38QtVWjhOm2J8tIxEdw&hl=en&ei=HiwoS8T9BpTgsQPb0r3KDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CA4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=&f=false Christopher Levett, of York: The Pioneer Colonist in Casco Bay, James Phinney Baxter, The Gorges Society, Portland, Me., 1893]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=gwKwEbZhv3cC&q=christopher+levett+pioneer+casco+bay+baxter Christopher Levett, of York: The Pioneer Colonist in Casco Bay, James Phinney Baxter, The Gorges Society, Portland, Me., 1893]


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Baxter, James Phinney
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =American philanthropist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1831
⚫
| PLACE OF BIRTH =Gorham, Maine
| DATE OF DEATH = 1921
| PLACE OF DEATH =
⚫
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baxter, James Phinney}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baxter, James Phinney}}

[[Category:1831 births]]
[[Category:1831 births]]
[[Category:1921 deaths]]
[[Category:1921 deaths]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:19th-century American historians]]
[[Category:American historians]]
[[Category:19th-century American philanthropists]]
[[Category:American anti-vivisectionists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Mayors of Portland, Maine]]
[[Category:Mayors of Portland, Maine]]
[[Category:People from Gorham, Maine]]
[[Category:Politicians from Gorham, Maine]]
[[Category:Historians of Maine]]
[[Category:Historians of Maine]]
[[Category:American naval historians]]
[[Category:American naval historians]]
[[Category:American male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:19th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:Members of the American Antiquarian Society]]
[[Category:General Society of Colonial Wars]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Portland, Maine]]
[[Category:Historians from Maine]]
[[Category:Baxter family]]
[[Category:Burials at Evergreen Cemetery (Portland, Maine)]]
[[Category:20th-century American philanthropists]]

Latest revision as of 11:27, 1 July 2024

For the American historian (1893–1975), see James Phinney Baxter III.
James Phinney Baxter
38th and 42nd Mayor of Portland
In office
1893–1896
Preceded byDarius H. Ingraham
Succeeded byCharles H. Randall
In office
1904–1905
Preceded byFrederic E. Boothby
Succeeded byNathan Clifford
Personal details
Born(1831-03-23)March 23, 1831
Gorham, Maine, US
DiedMay 8, 1921(1921-05-08) (aged 90)
Portland, Maine, US
Political partyRepublican

James Phinney Baxter (March 23, 1831 – May 8, 1921) was an American politician, businessperson, historian, civic leader, and benefactor of Portland, Maine.[1][2] He was elected as mayor of Portland for six single-year terms between 1893 and 1905.

His personal library, containing over 100 leather-bound books of maps, portraits, engravings and personal letters, is available for reference at the Portland Public Library.[3]

Biography[edit]

James Phinney Baxter was the son of Dr. Elihu Baxter and Sarah Cone Baxter.[4] He was born in Gorham, Maine (in what is now called the Baxter House), on March 23, 1831, but lived in Portland from 1840. He attended Master Jackson's School until 1844, and then Lynn Academy until 1848. He began work in the Boston law offices of Rufus Choate, but ill health forced a return to Portland, where he worked in a dry goods importing business with William G Davis, pioneering a canning and packing business (Portland Packing Company) that became important to the state's economy.[5]

He used the wealth engendered by his successful business for many philanthropic purposes. He was particularly passionate about supporting educational endeavors, and donated a public library (the Baxter Memorial Library) to his birthplace, Gorham, and a library to his adopted city, Portland.[5]

He was mayor of Portland for six years, and the moving spirit behind Baxter Boulevard, a tree-lined road that circles the edge of Back Cove, which is often used for exercise and recreation. He was also recognized as an authority on New England history, and among his other interests, he was president of the Maine Historical Society for thirty years and an overseer of Bowdoin College, and connected with many other organizations that furthered the interests of New England history. One of his greatest literary and historical achievements was the editing of twenty of the twenty-four volumes of The Documentary History of Maine.[5]

Baxter also devoted several years to unearthing the details of Capt. Christopher Levett's settlement at Portland in 1623–1624. An English sea captain and explorer, Levett's history and the details of the colony he attempted to found had been largely forgotten when Baxter's scholarship illuminated them. Baxter later published a book about Levett, which incorporated the text of Levett's own earlier work, published in 1628 in London.[5]

Title page, Christopher Levett, of York: The Pioneer Colonist in Casco Bay, published by The Gorges Society, 1893

In 1887 Baxter was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1887.[6] He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1915.[7] Baxter was a member of the Maine Society of Colonial Wars.

Baxter was a life-long opponent of vivisection and his Will prohibited any payment from his estate to persons who practiced vivisection.[8]

Personal[edit]

The Baxter Family Monument in Evergreen Cemetery

Baxter died in 1921 at the age of 90, and a Congregationalist pastor officiated at his funeral, although Baxter was also affiliated with the Swedenborg Church.[9] He is buried at Evergreen Cemetery and a large monument to him and his family is located at his gravesite.

His son, Governor of Maine (1921–1924) Percival Proctor Baxter, wrote a short biography of his father, James Phinney Baxter, Historian in 1921. concluding with "My father had faith in mankind, faith in the future of America, faith in God and faith in the world to come."

Selected publications[edit]

He published: New International Encyclopedia

  • The Trelawney Papers (1884)
  • George Cleeve and His Times (1885)
  • The British Invasion from the North (1887)
  • Sir Ferdinando Georges and his Province of Maine (1890)
  • Christopher Levett, of York: The Pioneer Colonist in Casco Bay (1893)
  • The Observatory (1893)
  • The Pioneers of New France in New England (1894)
  • The Voyages of Jacque Cartier (1906)
  • The Greatest of Literary Problems: The Authorship of the Shakespeare Works (1917)

Descendants[edit]

Descendants of James Phinney Baxter include:

References[edit]

  1. ^ "www.gorhamschools.org" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-24. Retrieved 2015-06-24.
  2. ^ maineencyclopedia.com
  3. ^ Portland Room Special Collections
  4. ^ The New England Historical and Genealogical Register (1921)
  5. ^ a b c d The New England historical and genealogical register, Volume 75 pg. 163 (July 1921) No. 299, New England Historic Genealogical Society
  6. ^ American Antiquarian Society Members Directory
  7. ^ Book of Members, 1780-2010 Chapter B, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
  8. ^ Baxter, Percival Proctor. (1921). James Phinney Baxter, Historian, Portland, Maine, 1831-1921. Maine State Library.
  9. ^ "History of Portland New Church". Archived from the original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2010-01-20.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Phinney_Baxter&oldid=1231997863"