Humanitarian League: Difference between revisions

Humanitarian League
	Manifesto of the Humanitarian League
Formation	1891
Founders	Henry S. Salt, Edward Maitland, Ernest Bell, Howard Williams, Kenneth Romanes and Alice Lewis
Dissolved	December 1919
Purpose	Promotion of humanitarianism and animal rights
Location	London, England;

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The Humanitarian League was a British radical advocacy group formed by Henry S. Salt and others to promote the principle that it is wrong to inflict avoidable suffering on any sentient being. It was based in London and operated between 1891 and 1919.^[1]

Background[edit]

Howard Williams, the author of The Ethics of Diet (1883), a history of vegetarianism, proposed in the book the concept of a "humane society with a wider scope than any previously existing body".^[1] William's idea was developed by fellow writer and advocate, Henry S. Salt, in an 1889 article on humanitarianism.^[2]

History[edit]

The League was formed by Henry S. Salt, who was also the General Secretary and Editor. Other founding members included Edward Maitland, Ernest Bell (Chairman),^[3] Howard Williams, Kenneth Romanes and Alice Lewis (Treasurer).^[4] The League's inaugural meeting, in 1891, was held at the house of Alice Lewis, 14 Park Square, London,^[4] who remained Treasurer for the League's entire existence.^[1] Many of its founders were also members of the Shelley Society.^[5]

Its aim was to enforce the principle that it is iniquitous to inflict avoidable suffering on any sentient being; their manifesto stated:

The Humanitarian League has been established on the basis of an intelligible and consistent principle of humaneness – that it is iniquitous to inflict suffering, directly or indirectly, on any sentient being, except when self-defence or absolute necessity can justly be pleaded.^[6]

The League opposed both corporal and capital punishment. Its other objectives included the banning of all hunting as a sport, and it was also strongly opposed to vivisection.^[1] The Humanitarian League thus anticipated the modern animal rights movement; many of its members were vegetarians.^[5] However, the League was not confined to animal protection. They were also responsible for the advancement of human rights. For example, they were largely behind the banning of flogging with birch in the Royal Navy in 1906 and campaigning to amend the law relating to imprisonment for debt and other non-criminal offences.^[7] The League also opposed flogging in schools, vaccinations because of the pain, and the wearing of feathers and fur.^[8]

The League spread its ideas through two journals, Humanity (1895–1902), which was later renamed The Humanitarian (1902–1919) and a quarterly The Humane Review (1900–1910).^[9]

During the First World War, the League's membership and output of publications were reduced in number.^[1]

The League closed down in 1919,^[10] following the death of Salt's wife.^[11]

Legacy[edit]

In 2013, The Humanitarian League was registered as an organisation in Hong Kong.^[12] It operates alongside the Ernest Bell Library, republishing historical humanitarian pamphlets and books.^[13]

Notable people associated with the League[edit]

Notable members and supporters of the League included Annie Besant, W. H. Hudson, Sydney Olivier, George Bernard Shaw, Edward Carpenter,^[4] Colonel William Lisle Blenkinsopp Coulson,^[14] John Galsworthy,^[15] Leo Tolstoy, J. Howard Moore, Ralph Waldo Trine, Ernest Howard Crosby, Alice Park, Clarence Darrow,^[5] Keir Hardie, Thomas Hardy, Bertram Lloyd,^[16] Edith Carrington,^[17] Christabel Pankhurst, Tom Mann, Enid Stacy,^[18] Carl Heath, Thomas Baty, George Ives, John Dillon, Lizzy Lind af Hageby, Stella Browne, Charlotte Despard, Isabella Ford, Anne Cobden-Sanderson, Michael Davitt, Alfred Russel Wallace, G. W. Foote, Conrad Noel, John Page Hopps, Sigmund Freud,^[19] Josiah Oldfield,^[20] Jessey Wade (Honorary Secretary of the Children’s Department; 1906–1919),^[21] Henry John Williams (Humane Diet department)^[22] and Henry B. Amos.^[23]

Publications[edit]

Books[edit]

Moore, J. Howard. The Universal Kinship (Humanitarian League, 1906)

Pamphlets[edit]

Salt, Henry S. Literae Humaniores: An Appeal to Teachers (William Reeves, 1894)
Collinson, Joseph. The Fate of the Fur Seal (William Reeves; Humanitarian League, 1902)
Dickerson, Philip. The Eton College Hare-Hunt (Humanitarian League, 1904)
Salt, Henry S. Humanitarianism: Its General Principles and Progress (Humanitarian League, 1906)
Salt, Henry S. The Case Against Corporal Punishment (Humanitarian League, 1912)
Salt, Henry S. (ed.) Killing for Sport: Essays by Various Writers (G. Bell & Sons, 1915)

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Weinbren, Dan (1994). "Against All Cruelty: The Humanitarian League, 1891-1919". History Workshop (38): 86–105. ISSN 0309-2984. JSTOR 4289320.
^ Salt, Henry S. (July 1889). "Humanitarianism: Its General Principles and Progress". Westminster Review. 132.
^ "Ernest Bell, President of the Vegetarian Society". The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review. October 1933.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Humanitarian League". Henry S. Salt Society. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c Unti, Bernard (2014). "'Peace on earth among the orders of creation': Vegetarian Ethics in the United States Before World War I". In Helstosky, Carol (ed.). The Routledge History of Food. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 186–188. doi:10.4324/9781315753454. ISBN 9781315753454.
^ Preece, Rod. (2011). Animal Sensibility and Inclusive Justice in the Age of Bernard Shaw. UBC Press. p. 153
^ Gold, Mark. (1998). Animal Century: A Celebration of Changing Attitudes to Animals. J. Carpenter. p. 11
^ Marks, Steven G. (2004). How Russia Shaped the Modern World: From Art to Anti-Semitism, Ballet to Bolshevism. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 120. ISBN 9780691118451.
^ "Humanitarian League Publications". Henry S. Salt Society. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
^ Henry S. Salt (January 1920). "The Humanitarian League closes". The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review. 17 (1): 7. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
^ Preece, Rod (2011), Blazina, Christopher; Boyraz, Güler; Shen-Miller, David (eds.), "The History of Animal Ethics in Western Culture", The Psychology of the Human-Animal Bond, New York, NY: Springer New York, pp. 45–61, doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9761-6_3, ISBN 978-1-4419-9760-9, retrieved 1 July 2024
^ "The Humanitarian League Limited". Hong Kong Business Directory. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
^ "The Humanitarian League". HappyCow. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
^ "Colonel Coulson". Henry S. Salt Society. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
^ Wilson, David A. H. (2015). The Welfare of Performing Animals: A Historical Perspective. Springer. pp. 30-31. ISBN 978-3-662-45833-4
^ Hardy, Thomas; Purdy, Richard Little; Millgate, Michael. (1985). The Collected Letters of Thomas Hardy: Vol. 5 1914 - 1919. Clarendon.
^ Edith Carrington (1894). Miss Edith Carrington: Portrait and Autobiography. The Animals' Friend (August), 1:24.
^ Kean, Hilda. (1998). Animal Rights: Political and Social Change in Britain since 1800. Reaktion Books
^ Freud, Sigmund (2010). The Interpretation of Dreams. Translated by Strachey, James (New York Basic Books, a member of the Perseus Books Group ed.). p. 189. ISBN 978-0-465-01977-9.
^ Weinbren, Dan (1994). "Against All Cruelty: The Humanitarian League, 1891-1919" (PDF). History Workshop (38): 86–105. ISSN 0309-2984. JSTOR 4289320.
^ "Meet Cats Protection founder Jessey Wade". Meow! Blog. 8 March 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
^ Grumett, David; Muers, Rachel, eds. (2011). Eating and Believing: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Vegetarianism and Theology. London: A&C Black. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-567-57736-8.
^ May, Allyson N. (2013). The Fox-Hunting Controversy, 1781–2004: Class and Cruelty. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 73–74. ISBN 978-1-4094-6069-5.

External links[edit]

[:1-1] Weinbren, Dan (1994). "Against All Cruelty: The Humanitarian League, 1891-1919". History Workshop (38): 86–105. ISSN 0309-2984. JSTOR 4289320.

[2] Salt, Henry S. (July 1889). "Humanitarianism: Its General Principles and Progress". Westminster Review. 132.

[3] "Ernest Bell, President of the Vegetarian Society". The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review. October 1933.

[:0-4] "Humanitarian League". Henry S. Salt Society. Retrieved 28 February 2020.

[:3-5] Unti, Bernard (2014). "'Peace on earth among the orders of creation': Vegetarian Ethics in the United States Before World War I". In Helstosky, Carol (ed.). The Routledge History of Food. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 186–188. doi:10.4324/9781315753454. ISBN 9781315753454.

[6] Preece, Rod. (2011). Animal Sensibility and Inclusive Justice in the Age of Bernard Shaw. UBC Press. p. 153

[7] Gold, Mark. (1998). Animal Century: A Celebration of Changing Attitudes to Animals. J. Carpenter. p. 11

[8] Marks, Steven G. (2004). How Russia Shaped the Modern World: From Art to Anti-Semitism, Ballet to Bolshevism. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 120. ISBN 9780691118451.

[9] "Humanitarian League Publications". Henry S. Salt Society. Retrieved 4 October 2019.

[10] Henry S. Salt (January 1920). "The Humanitarian League closes". The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review. 17 (1): 7. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2019.

[11] Preece, Rod (2011), Blazina, Christopher; Boyraz, Güler; Shen-Miller, David (eds.), "The History of Animal Ethics in Western Culture", The Psychology of the Human-Animal Bond, New York, NY: Springer New York, pp. 45–61, doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9761-6_3, ISBN 978-1-4419-9760-9, retrieved 1 July 2024

[12] "The Humanitarian League Limited". Hong Kong Business Directory. Retrieved 2 July 2020.

[13] "The Humanitarian League". HappyCow. Retrieved 2 July 2020.

[14] "Colonel Coulson". Henry S. Salt Society. Retrieved 28 February 2020.

[15] Wilson, David A. H. (2015). The Welfare of Performing Animals: A Historical Perspective. Springer. pp. 30-31. ISBN 978-3-662-45833-4

[16] Hardy, Thomas; Purdy, Richard Little; Millgate, Michael. (1985). The Collected Letters of Thomas Hardy: Vol. 5 1914 - 1919. Clarendon.

[17] Edith Carrington (1894). Miss Edith Carrington: Portrait and Autobiography. The Animals' Friend (August), 1:24.

[18] Kean, Hilda. (1998). Animal Rights: Political and Social Change in Britain since 1800. Reaktion Books

[19] Freud, Sigmund (2010). The Interpretation of Dreams. Translated by Strachey, James (New York Basic Books, a member of the Perseus Books Group ed.). p. 189. ISBN 978-0-465-01977-9.

[:12-20] Weinbren, Dan (1994). "Against All Cruelty: The Humanitarian League, 1891-1919" (PDF). History Workshop (38): 86–105. ISSN 0309-2984. JSTOR 4289320.

[:02-21] "Meet Cats Protection founder Jessey Wade". Meow! Blog. 8 March 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2020.

[:03-22] Grumett, David; Muers, Rachel, eds. (2011). Eating and Believing: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Vegetarianism and Theology. London: A&C Black. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-567-57736-8.

[May-23] May, Allyson N. (2013). The Fox-Hunting Controversy, 1781–2004: Class and Cruelty. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 73–74. ISBN 978-1-4094-6069-5.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|British advocacy group}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
 {{Use British English|date=February 2020}}
@@ Line 35: / Line 36: @@
 | successor           =
 | formation           = {{start date|1891}}
-| founders            = [[Henry S. Salt]], [[Edward Maitland]], [[Ernest Bell (animal rights activist)|Ernest Bell]], [[Howard Williams (humanitarian)|Howard Williams]], Kenneth Romanes and [[Alice Lewis]]
+| founders            = [[Henry S. Salt]], [[Edward Maitland (writer)|Edward Maitland]], [[Ernest Bell (animal rights activist)|Ernest Bell]], [[Howard Williams (humanitarian)|Howard Williams]], Kenneth Romanes and [[Alice Lewis]]
 | founding_location   =
 | dissolved           = {{end date|1919|12}}
 | merger              =
 | type                =
-| tax_id              = <!-- or | vat_id = (for European organizations) -->
+| vat_id              =
 | registration_id     = <!-- for non-profit org -->
 | status              =
@@ Line 99: / Line 100: @@
 }}
-The '''Humanitarian League''' was an [[England|English]] radical [[advocacy group]], formed by [[Henry S. Salt]], based in [[London]], which operated between 1891 and 1919.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Weinbren|first=Dan|date=1994|title=Against All Cruelty: The Humanitarian League, 1891-1919|journal=History Workshop|issue=38|pages=86–105|jstor=4289320|issn=0309-2984}}</ref>
+The '''Humanitarian League''' was a British radical [[advocacy group]] formed by [[Henry S. Salt]] and others to promote the principle that it is wrong to inflict avoidable [[suffering]] on any [[sentient being]]. It was based in London and operated between 1891 and 1919.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Weinbren|first=Dan|date=1994|title=Against All Cruelty: The Humanitarian League, 1891-1919|journal=History Workshop|issue=38|pages=86–105|jstor=4289320|issn=0309-2984}}</ref>
 == Background ==
-[[Howard Williams (humanitarian)|Howard Williams]], the author of ''[[The Ethics of Diet]]'' (1883), a [[history of vegetarianism]], proposed in the book the concept of a "humane society with a wider scope than any previously existing body".<ref name=":1" /> William's idea was developed by fellow writer and advocate, Henry S. Salt, in an article on humanitarianism, published in 1889.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Salt|first=Henry S.|date=July 1889|title=Humanitarianism: Its General Principles and Progress|journal=Westminster Review|volume=132}}</ref>
+[[Howard Williams (humanitarian)|Howard Williams]], the author of ''[[The Ethics of Diet]]'' (1883), a [[history of vegetarianism]], proposed in the book the concept of a "humane society with a wider scope than any previously existing body".<ref name=":1" /> William's idea was developed by fellow writer and advocate, Henry S. Salt, in an 1889 article on humanitarianism.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Salt|first=Henry S.|date=July 1889|title=Humanitarianism: Its General Principles and Progress|journal=Westminster Review|volume=132}}</ref>
 == History ==
-The League was formed by Henry S. Salt, who was also the General Secretary and Editor. Other founding members included [[Edward Maitland]], [[Ernest Bell (animal rights activist)|Ernest Bell]] (Chairman),<ref>{{Cite journal|date=October 1933|title=Ernest Bell, President of the Vegetarian Society|url=https://www.henrysalt.co.uk/library/obituary/ernest-bell-president-of-the-vegetarian-society/|journal=The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review}}</ref> Howard Williams, Kenneth Romanes and [[Alice Lewis]] (Treasurer).<ref name=":0" /> The League's inaugural meeting, in 1891, was held at the house of Alice Lewis, 14 [[Park Square, London]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.henrysalt.co.uk/humanitarian-league/|title=Humanitarian League|website=Henry S. Salt Society|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> who remained Treasurer for the League's entire existence.<ref name=":1" /> Many of its founders were also members of the Shelley Society.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Unti|first=Bernard|title=The Routledge History of Food|publisher=Routledge|year=2014|isbn=9781315753454|editor-last=Helstosky|editor-first=Carol|location=Abingdon|pages=186–188|language=en|chapter="Peace on earth among the orders of creation": Vegetarian Ethics in the United States Before World War I|doi=10.4324/9781315753454}}</ref>
+The League was formed by Henry S. Salt, who was also the General Secretary and Editor. Other founding members included [[Edward Maitland (writer)|Edward Maitland]], [[Ernest Bell (animal rights activist)|Ernest Bell]] (Chairman),<ref>{{Cite journal|date=October 1933|title=Ernest Bell, President of the Vegetarian Society|url=https://www.henrysalt.co.uk/library/obituary/ernest-bell-president-of-the-vegetarian-society/|journal=The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review}}</ref> Howard Williams, Kenneth Romanes and [[Alice Lewis]] (Treasurer).<ref name=":0" /> The League's inaugural meeting, in 1891, was held at the house of Alice Lewis, 14 [[Park Square, London]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.henrysalt.co.uk/humanitarian-league/|title=Humanitarian League|website=Henry S. Salt Society|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> who remained Treasurer for the League's entire existence.<ref name=":1" /> Many of its founders were also members of the Shelley Society.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Unti |first=Bernard |title=The Routledge History of Food |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=9781315753454 |editor-last=Helstosky |editor-first=Carol |location=Abingdon |pages=186–188 |language=en |chapter='Peace on earth among the orders of creation': Vegetarian Ethics in the United States Before World War I |doi=10.4324/9781315753454}}</ref>
-Its aims were to enforce the principle that it is iniquitous to inflict avoidable [[suffering]] on any [[sentient being]]; their manifesto stated:<blockquote>The Humanitarian League has been established on the basis of an intelligible and consistent principle of humaneness – that it is iniquitous to inflict suffering, directly or indirectly, on any sentient being, except when self-defence or absolute necessity can justly be pleaded.<ref>Preece, Rod. (2011). ''Animal Sensibility and Inclusive Justice in the Age of Bernard Shaw''. UBC Press. p. 153</ref></blockquote>The League opposed both [[corporal punishment|corporal]] and [[capital punishment]]. Its other objectives included the banning of all hunting as a [[blood sports|sport]], and it was also strongly opposed to [[vivisection]].<ref name=":1" /> The Humanitarian League thus anticipated the modern [[animal rights]] movement; many of its members were [[vegetarians]].<ref name=":3" /> However, the League was not confined to animal protection. They were also responsible for the advancement of [[human rights]]. For example, they were largely behind the banning of [[Birching|flogging with birch]] in the Royal Navy in 1906 and campaigning to amend the law relating to [[Debtors' prison#Great Britain (later the United Kingdom)|imprisonment for debt]] and other non-criminal offences.<ref>Gold, Mark. (1998). ''Animal Century: A Celebration of Changing Attitudes to Animals''. J. Carpenter. p. 11</ref> The League also opposed [[flogging]] in schools, [[vaccination]]s because of the pain, and the wearing of feathers and fur.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Marks|first=Steven G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoqCDwAAQBAJ|title=How Russia Shaped the Modern World: From Art to Anti-Semitism, Ballet to Bolshevism|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2004|isbn=9780691118451|location=Princeton, New Jersey|pages=120|language=en}}</ref>
+Its aim was to enforce the principle that it is iniquitous to inflict avoidable [[suffering]] on any [[sentient being]]; their manifesto stated:<blockquote>The Humanitarian League has been established on the basis of an intelligible and consistent principle of humaneness – that it is iniquitous to inflict suffering, directly or indirectly, on any sentient being, except when self-defence or absolute necessity can justly be pleaded.<ref>Preece, Rod. (2011). ''Animal Sensibility and Inclusive Justice in the Age of Bernard Shaw''. UBC Press. p. 153</ref></blockquote>The League opposed both [[corporal punishment|corporal]] and [[capital punishment]]. Its other objectives included the banning of all hunting as a [[blood sports|sport]], and it was also strongly [[Opposed vivisection|opposed to vivisection]].<ref name=":1" /> The Humanitarian League thus anticipated the modern [[animal rights]] movement; many of its members were [[vegetarians]].<ref name=":3" /> However, the League was not confined to animal protection. They were also responsible for the advancement of [[human rights]]. For example, they were largely behind the banning of [[Birching|flogging with birch]] in the Royal Navy in 1906 and campaigning to amend the law relating to [[Debtors' prison#Great Britain (later the United Kingdom)|imprisonment for debt]] and other non-criminal offences.<ref>Gold, Mark. (1998). ''Animal Century: A Celebration of Changing Attitudes to Animals''. J. Carpenter. p. 11</ref> The League also opposed [[flogging]] in schools, [[vaccination]]s because of the pain, and the wearing of feathers and fur.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Marks|first=Steven G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoqCDwAAQBAJ|title=How Russia Shaped the Modern World: From Art to Anti-Semitism, Ballet to Bolshevism|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2004|isbn=9780691118451|location=Princeton, New Jersey|pages=120|language=en}}</ref>
 The League spread its ideas through two journals, ''Humanity'' (1895–1902), which was later renamed ''The Humanitarian'' (1902–1919) and a quarterly ''The Humane Review'' (1900–1910).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.henrysalt.co.uk/humanitarian-league/publications/|title=Humanitarian League Publications|website=Henry S. Salt Society|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-10-04}}</ref>
-During the [[First world war|First World War]], the League's membership and output of publications were reduced in number.<ref name=":1" />
+During the [[First World War]], the League's membership and output of publications were reduced in number.<ref name=":1" />
-The League closed down in 1919,<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.henrysalt.co.uk/humanitarian-league/the-humanitarian-league-closes|title= The Humanitarian League closes |journal=The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review |date=January 1920|volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=7 |author=Henry S. Salt |author-link=Henry S. Salt |language=en|access-date=June 16, 2019}}</ref> following the death of Salt's wife.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Preece|first=Rod|title=The Psychology of the Human-Animal Bond|chapter=The History of Animal Ethics in Western Culture|date=2011|work=The Psychology of the Human-Animal Bond: A Resource for Clinicians and Researchers|pages=45–61|editor-last=Blazina|editor-first=Christopher|publisher=Springer|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-9761-6_3|isbn=978-1-4419-9761-6|editor2-last=Boyraz|editor2-first=Güler|editor3-last=Shen-Miller|editor3-first=David}}</ref>
+The League closed down in 1919,<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://www.henrysalt.co.uk/humanitarian-league/the-humanitarian-league-closes |title=The Humanitarian League closes |journal=The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review |date=January 1920 |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=7 |author=Henry S. Salt |author-link=Henry S. Salt |language=en |access-date=June 16, 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808135915/http://www.henrysalt.co.uk/humanitarian-league/the-humanitarian-league-closes |url-status=dead }}</ref> following the death of Salt's wife.<ref>{{Citation |last=Preece |first=Rod |title=The History of Animal Ethics in Western Culture |date=2011 |work=The Psychology of the Human-Animal Bond |pages=45–61 |editor-last=Blazina |editor-first=Christopher |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4419-9761-6_3 |access-date=2024-07-01 |place=New York, NY |publisher=Springer New York |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-9761-6_3 |isbn=978-1-4419-9760-9 |author-link=Rod Preece |editor2-last=Boyraz |editor2-first=Güler |editor3-last=Shen-Miller |editor3-first=David}}</ref>
 == Legacy ==
@@ Line 119: / Line 120: @@
 == Notable people associated with the League ==
-Notable members and supporters of the League included [[Annie Besant]], [[W. H. Hudson]], [[Sydney Olivier, 1st Baron Olivier|Sydney Olivier]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[Edward Carpenter]],<ref name=":0" /> Colonel [[William Lisle Blenkinsopp Coulson]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.henrysalt.co.uk/library/letter/colonel-coulson/|title=Colonel Coulson|website=Henry S. Salt Society|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> [[John Galsworthy]],<ref>Wilson, David A. H. (2015). ''The Welfare of Performing Animals: A Historical Perspective''. Springer. pp. 30-31. {{ISBN|978-3-662-45833-4}}</ref> [[Leo Tolstoy]], [[J. Howard Moore]], [[Ralph Waldo Trine]], [[Ernest Howard Crosby]], [[Alice Park]], [[Clarence Darrow]],<ref name=":3" /> [[Keir Hardie]], [[Thomas Hardy]], [[Bertram Lloyd]],<ref>Hardy, Thomas; Purdy, Richard Little; Millgate, Michael. (1985). ''The Collected Letters of Thomas Hardy: Vol. 5 1914 - 1919''. Clarendon.</ref> [[Edith Carrington]],''<ref>Edith Carrington (1894). ''Miss Edith Carrington: Portrait and Autobiography''. The Animals' Friend (August), 1:24.</ref>'' [[Christabel Pankhurst]], [[Tom Mann]], [[Enid Stacy]],<ref>[[Hilda Kean|Kean, Hilda]]. (1998). ''Animal Rights: Political and Social Change in Britain since 1800''. [[Reaktion Books]]</ref> [[Carl Heath]], [[Thomas Baty]], [[George Cecil Ives|George Ives]], [[John Dillon]], [[Lizzy Lind af Hageby]], [[Stella Browne]], [[Charlotte Despard]], [[Isabella Ford]], [[Anne Cobden-Sanderson]], [[Michael Davitt]], [[Alfred Russel Wallace]], [[G. W. Foote]], [[Conrad Noel]], [[John Page Hopps]], [[Josiah Oldfield]],<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last=Weinbren|first=Dan|date=1994|title=Against All Cruelty: The Humanitarian League, 1891-1919|journal=History Workshop|issue=38|pages=86–105|issn=0309-2984|jstor=4289320}}</ref> [[Jessey Wade]] (Honorary Secretary of the Children’s Department; 1906–1919),<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|date=2019-03-08|title=Meet Cats Protection founder Jessey Wade|url=http://meowblog.cats.org.uk/2019/03/jessey-wade-founder-of-cats-protection.html|access-date=2020-06-28|website=Meow! Blog|language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Henry John Williams]] (Humane Diet department)<ref name=":03">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qifWeY9M8jAC|title=Eating and Believing: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Vegetarianism and Theology|publisher=A&C Black|year=2011|isbn=978-0-567-57736-8|editor-last=Grumett|editor-first=David|location=London|pages=126|language=en|editor-last2=Muers|editor-first2=Rachel}}</ref> and [[Henry B. Amos]].<ref name="May">{{Cite book|last=May|first=Allyson N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qs3PFiDZSXoC|title=The Fox-Hunting Controversy, 1781–2004: Class and Cruelty|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4094-6069-5|location=Farnham|pages=73–74|language=en}}</ref>
+Notable members and supporters of the League included [[Annie Besant]], [[W. H. Hudson]], [[Sydney Olivier, 1st Baron Olivier|Sydney Olivier]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[Edward Carpenter]],<ref name=":0" /> Colonel [[William Lisle Blenkinsopp Coulson]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.henrysalt.co.uk/library/letter/colonel-coulson/|title=Colonel Coulson|website=Henry S. Salt Society|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> [[John Galsworthy]],<ref>Wilson, David A. H. (2015). ''The Welfare of Performing Animals: A Historical Perspective''. Springer. pp. 30-31. {{ISBN|978-3-662-45833-4}}</ref> [[Leo Tolstoy]], [[J. Howard Moore]], [[Ralph Waldo Trine]], [[Ernest Howard Crosby]], [[Alice Park]], [[Clarence Darrow]],<ref name=":3" /> [[Keir Hardie]], [[Thomas Hardy]], [[Bertram Lloyd]],<ref>Hardy, Thomas; Purdy, Richard Little; Millgate, Michael. (1985). ''The Collected Letters of Thomas Hardy: Vol. 5 1914 - 1919''. Clarendon.</ref> [[Edith Carrington]],''<ref>Edith Carrington (1894). ''Miss Edith Carrington: Portrait and Autobiography''. The Animals' Friend (August), 1:24.</ref>'' [[Christabel Pankhurst]], [[Tom Mann]], [[Enid Stacy]],<ref>[[Hilda Kean|Kean, Hilda]]. (1998). ''Animal Rights: Political and Social Change in Britain since 1800''. [[Reaktion Books]]</ref> [[Carl Heath]], [[Thomas Baty]], [[George Cecil Ives|George Ives]], [[John Dillon]], [[Lizzy Lind af Hageby]], [[Stella Browne]], [[Charlotte Despard]], [[Isabella Ford]], [[Anne Cobden-Sanderson]], [[Michael Davitt]], [[Alfred Russel Wallace]], [[G. W. Foote]], [[Conrad Noel]], [[John Page Hopps]], [[Sigmund Freud]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Freud |first=Sigmund |title=The Interpretation of Dreams |date=2010 |isbn=978-0-465-01977-9 |edition=New York Basic Books, a member of the Perseus Books Group |pages=189 |translator-last=Strachey |translator-first=James}}</ref> [[Josiah Oldfield]],<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last=Weinbren|first=Dan|date=1994|title=Against All Cruelty: The Humanitarian League, 1891-1919|url=https://www.henrysalt.co.uk/assets/images/the-humanitarian-league-1891-1919.pdf|journal=History Workshop|issue=38|pages=86–105|issn=0309-2984|jstor=4289320}}</ref> [[Jessey Wade]] (Honorary Secretary of the Children’s Department; 1906–1919),<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|date=2019-03-08|title=Meet Cats Protection founder Jessey Wade|url=http://meowblog.cats.org.uk/2019/03/jessey-wade-founder-of-cats-protection.html|access-date=2020-06-28|website=Meow! Blog|language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Henry John Williams]] (Humane Diet department)<ref name=":03">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qifWeY9M8jAC|title=Eating and Believing: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Vegetarianism and Theology|publisher=A&C Black|year=2011|isbn=978-0-567-57736-8|editor-last=Grumett|editor-first=David|location=London|pages=126|language=en|editor-last2=Muers|editor-first2=Rachel}}</ref> and [[Henry B. Amos]].<ref name="May">{{Cite book|last=May|first=Allyson N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qs3PFiDZSXoC|title=The Fox-Hunting Controversy, 1781–2004: Class and Cruelty|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4094-6069-5|location=Farnham|pages=73–74|language=en}}</ref>
+==Publications==
+===Books===
+* [[J. Howard Moore|Moore, J. Howard]]. ''[[iarchive:cu31924030242584|The Universal Kinship]]'' (Humanitarian League, 1906)
+===Pamphlets===
+* [[Henry S. Salt|Salt, Henry S.]] ''[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiuo.ark:/13960/t9286bq3x Literae Humaniores: An Appeal to Teachers]'' (William Reeves, 1894)
+*Collinson, Joseph. [https://dds.crl.edu/crldelivery/8291 ''The Fate of the Fur Seal''] (William Reeves; Humanitarian League, 1902)
+*Dickerson, Philip. ''[[iarchive:etoncollegehareh00dick|The Eton College Hare-Hunt]]'' (Humanitarian League, 1904)
+*Salt, Henry S. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015078579193 ''Humanitarianism: Its General Principles and Progress''] (Humanitarian League, 1906)
+*Salt, Henry S. ''[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015081760970 The Case Against Corporal Punishment]'' (Humanitarian League, 1912)
+*Salt, Henry S. (ed.) ''[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/bc.ark:/13960/t83j4cx2k Killing for Sport: Essays by Various Writers]'' ([[G. Bell & Sons]], 1915)
 ==See also==
+* [[Progressive League]], a later group operating on the same basis
+* [[Ethical Union]], now known as Humanists UK, its sister organisation
 * [[List of animal rights groups]]
@@ Line 132: / Line 147: @@
 *[https://www.henrysalt.co.uk/assets/images/the-humanitarian-league-1891-1919.pdf The Humanitarian League, 1891–1919]
 *[https://www.henrysalt.co.uk/life/biography/ Biography of Henry S. Salt]
+*''The Humane Review'':
+**[[iarchive:humanereview03unkngoog|Volume 2; 1901]]
+**[[iarchive:humanereview02unkngoog|Volume 3: April, 1902 to January, 1903]]
+**[[iarchive:humanereview01unkngoog|Volume 7: April, 1906 to January, 1907]]
 {{Animal rights|state=uncollapsed|movement}}
@@ Line 140: / Line 159: @@
 [[Category:Animal welfare organisations based in the United Kingdom]]
 [[Category:Anti–death penalty organizations]]
+[[Category:Anti-hunting organizations]]
 [[Category:Anti-vaccination organizations]]
 [[Category:Anti-vivisection organizations]]