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{{Short description|Legislature of the Russian Federation}}
{{Short description|Legislature of the Russian Federation}}{{Redirect|Russian parliament}}{{Infobox legislature
{{Redirect|Russian parliament|previous parliament in 1990-93|Congress of People's Deputies of Russia|institution established in 1938|Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR|the upper house of the Russian Imperial parliament|State Council (Russian Empire)|the lower house|State Duma (Russian Empire)}}
{{Distinguish|Soviet Parliament}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Federal Assembly
| name = Federal Assembly
| native_name = Федеральное Собрание
| native_name = Федеральное собрание
| transcription_name = ''Federalnoye Sobraniye''
| transcription_name = ''Federalnoye sobraniye''
| legislature =
| legislature =
| coa_pic = Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation 2.svg
| coa_pic = Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation 2.svg
| coa_res =
| coa_res =
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1993|12|12}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1993|12|12}}
| preceded_by = [[Supreme Soviet of Russia]]<br />[[Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union]]
| preceded_by = [[Supreme Soviet of Russia]]<br />[[Constitutional Conference of Russia]]
| house_type = Bicameral
| house_type = Bicameral
| body =
| body =
| houses = • [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]]<br />• [[State Duma]]
| houses = • [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]]<br />• [[State Duma]]
| leader1_type = [[Chairman of the Federation Council (Russia)|Chairwoman of the Federation Council]]
| leader1_type = [[Chairman of the Federation Council (Russia)|Chairwoman of the Federation Council]]
Line 22: Line 19:
| party2 = [[United Russia]]
| party2 = [[United Russia]]
| election2 = 5 October 2016
| election2 = 5 October 2016
| leader3_type =
| leader3_type =
| leader3 =
| leader3 =
| party3 =
| party3 =
| election3 =
| election3 =
| members = '''State Duma''': 450<br>'''Federation Council''': 178{{efn|The federal subjects of Russia include several not internationally recognized as part of Russia. The [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Republic of Crimea]] and [[Sevastopol]] were annexed in 2014, and [[Donetsk People's Republic]], [[Luhansk People's Republic]], [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast]] and [[Kherson Oblast]] in 2022.}}
| members = '''State Duma''': 450<br>'''Federation Council''': 170
| house1 = [[Federation Council of Russia|Federation Council]]
| house1 = [[Federation Council of Russia|Federation Council]]
| house2 = [[State Duma]]
| house2 = [[State Duma]]
| structure1 = Russia Federal Council 2022.svg
|structure1 = Russia Federation Council 2023.svg
| structure1_res = 250px
|structure1_res = 250px
⚫
|political_groups1 = '''[[Mikhail Mishustin's First Cabinet|Government]] (136)'''
⚫
: {{nowrap|{{Color box|{{party color|United Russia}}|border=silver}} [[United Russia]] (136)}}
⚫
'''Other parties and vacancies (42)'''
⚫
: {{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}|border=silver}} [[Communist Party of the Russian Federation|Communist]] (4)
⚫
: {{Color box|{{party color|A Just Russia}}|border=silver}} [[A Just Russia — Patriots — For Truth| A Just Russia — For Truth]] (3)
⚫
: {{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party of Russia}}|border=silver}} [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|LDPR]] (3)
⚫
: {{Color box|{{party color|Donetsk Republic (political party)}}|border=silver}} [[Donetsk Republic (movement)|Donetsk Republic]] (2)
⚫
: {{Color box|silver|border=silver}} [[Independent candidate|Independent]] (27)
⚫
: {{Color box|transparent|border=silver}} Vacant seats (3)
| structure2 = Russian 8th State Duma 2021.svg
| structure2 = Russian 8th State Duma 2021.svg
| structure2_res = 250px
| structure2_res = 250px
| political_groups2 = '''[[Mikhail Mishustin's Second Cabinet|Government]] (348)'''
| political_groups1 = '''Political parties (167)'''
*{{nowrap|{{Color box|{{party color|United Russia}}|border=silver}} [[United Russia]] (142)}}
:{{nowrap|{{Color box|{{party color|United Russia}}|border=silver}} [[United Russia]] (325)}}
* {{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party of Russia}}|border=silver}} [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|LDPR]] (4)
: {{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party of Russia}}|border=silver}} [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|LDPR]] ([[List of Liberal Democratic Party of Russia deputies in the State Duma|23]])
* {{Color box|{{party color|A Just Russia}}|border=silver}} [[A Just Russia — For Truth|SRZP]] (4)
:: {{Color box|{{party color|Civic Platform (Russia)}}|border=silver}} [[Civic Platform (Russia)|Civic Platform]] ([[Rifat Shaykhutdinov|1]])
* {{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}|border=silver}} [[Communist Party of the Russian Federation|CPRF]] (4)
:: {{Color box|{{party color|Rodina (political party)}}|border=silver}} [[Rodina (political party)|Rodina]] ([[Aleksey Zhuravlyov (politician)|1]])
'''Other parties (102)'''
⚫
*{{Color box|silver|border=silver}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] (14)
⚫
: {{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}|border=silver}} [[Communist Party of the Russian Federation|CPRF]] ([[CPRF faction in the State Duma|57]])
'''Vacant (2)'''
:: {{Color box|#FF131C|border=silver}} [[Left Front (Russia)|Left Front]] ([[Anastasia Udaltsova|1]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rtvi.com/news/moya-pozicziya-s-partijnoj-solidarna-udalczova-obyasnila-pochemu-ej-dostalsya-deputatskij-mandat-rashkina|title="Моя позиция с партийной солидарна". Удальцова объяснила, почему ей достался депутатский мандат Рашкина|website=RTVI|date=24 June 2022 }}</ref>
⚫
*{{Color box|transparent|border=silver}} Vacant (2)
⚫
: {{Color box|{{party color|A Just Russia}}|border=silver}} [[A Just Russia|SRZP]] (27)
⚫
| political_groups2 = '''[[Mikhail Mishustin's Cabinet|Government]] (324)'''
: {{Color box|{{party color|New People (political party)}}|border=silver}} [[New People (political party)|New People]] (16){{efn|Including [[Oksana Dmitriyeva]] who joined the New People party in 2024, but did not join the Duma faction of the party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=Оксана Дмитриева возглавит реготделение партии «Новые люди» в Петербурге {{!}} Санкт-Петербург |url=https://fedpress.ru/news/78/policy/3312485 |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=ФедералПресс |language=ru-RU}}</ref>}}
⚫
*{{nowrap|{{Color box|{{party color|United Russia}}|border=silver}} [[United Russia]] (324)}}
⚫
: {{Color box|{{party color|Independent politician}}|border=silver}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] ([[Yevgeny Marchenko (politician)|1]])
⚫
'''Other parties (125)'''
⚫
| committees1 =
⚫
* {{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}}|border=silver}} [[Communist Party of the Russian Federation|Communist Party]] (57)
⚫
| committees2 =
⚫
* {{Color box|{{party color|A Just Russia}}|border=silver}} [[A Just Russia — For Truth|SRZP]] (28)
⚫
| joint_committees =
⚫
* {{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Democratic Party of Russia}}|border=silver}} [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|LDPR]] (23)
** {{Color box|{{party color|Rodina (political party)}}|border=silver}} [[Rodina (political party)|Rodina]] ([[Aleksey Zhuravlyov (politician)|1]])
⚫
** {{Color box|{{party color|Civic Platform (Russia)}}|border=silver}} [[Civic Platform (Russia)|Civic Platform]] ([[Rifat Shaykhutdinov|1]])
⚫
* {{Color box|{{party color|New People (political party)}}|border=silver}} [[New People (political party)|New People]] (15)
⚫
* {{Color box|{{party color|Party of Growth}}|border=silver}} [[Party of Growth]] ([[Oksana Dmitriyeva|1]])
⚫
* {{Color box|{{party color|Independent politician}}|border=silver}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] (1)
⚫
| committees1 =
⚫
| committees2 =
⚫
| joint_committees =
| voting_system1 =
| voting_system1 =
| voting_system2 = [[Parallel voting]]
| voting_system2 = [[Parallel voting]]
Line 60: Line 58:
| last_election2 = [[2021 Russian legislative election|17–19 September 2021]]
| last_election2 = [[2021 Russian legislative election|17–19 September 2021]]
| next_election2 = [[2026 Russian legislative election|Before 20 September 2026]]
| next_election2 = [[2026 Russian legislative election|Before 20 September 2026]]
| meeting_place = [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]] Building, [[Moscow]]
| session_room =
| session_room = Здание_Совета_Федерации.jpg
| session_res =
| session_res = 230px
⚫
| website = [http://www.gov.ru/main/page7.html www.gov.ru]
| meeting_place2 = [[State Duma]] Building, [[Moscow]]
⚫
| footnotes =
| session_room2 = Building_of_Council_of_Labor_and_Defense,_Moscow.jpg
| session_res2 = 230px
⚫
| website = [http://www.gov.ru/main/page7.html Gov.ru]
⚫
| footnotes =
| constitution = [[Constitution of Russia]], Chapter V, Articles 94-109
}}
}}
The '''Federal Assembly''' ({{lang-rus|Федера́льное Собра́ние|r=Federalnoye Sobraniye|p=fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnəjə sɐˈbranʲɪjə}}) is the national legislature of the [[Russian Federation]], according to the [[Constitution of the Russian Federation]] (1993). It was preceded by the [[Supreme Soviet of Russia]].


It consists of the [[State Duma]], which is the [[lower house]], and the [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]], which is the [[upper house]]. Both houses are located in Moscow. The [[Chairman of the Federation Council]] is the third most important position after the President and the Prime Minister. In the case that both the President and the Prime Minister are incapacitated, the Chairman of the upper house of the Russian parliament becomes [[Acting President of Russia]].<ref>[http://ria.ru/analytics/20110518/376470939.html "Пост Председателя Совета Федерации РФ – это третий пост в стране. В случае недееспособности президента и премьера именно председатель верхней палаты парламента должен возглавить государство."]</ref><ref>[http://www.newstube.ru/media/sergej-shaxraj-konstituciya-nachalas-s-tryox-listov-bumagi "Почему у нас третье лицо в государстве Председатель Совета Федерации? Потому что это федерация, он не распускается, он действует постоянно." - Сергей Шахрай]</ref>
The '''Federal Assembly'''{{efn|{{lang-rus|Федера́льное собра́ние|r=Federal'noye sobraniye|p=fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnəjə sɐˈbranʲɪjə}}}} is the bicameral national legislature of [[Russia]]. The upper house is the [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]], and the lower house is the [[State Duma]]. The assembly was established by the [[Constitution of the Russian Federation]] in 1993, replacing the former [[Supreme Soviet of Russia]]. It is located in [[Moscow]].
The [[Chairman of the Federation Council]] is the third most important position after the President and the Prime Minister. In the case that both the President and the Prime Minister are incapacitated, the Chairman of the upper house of the Russian parliament becomes [[Acting President of Russia]].<ref>[http://ria.ru/analytics/20110518/376470939.html "Пост Председателя Совета Федерации РФ – это третий пост в стране. В случае недееспособности президента и премьера именно председатель верхней палаты парламента должен возглавить государство."]</ref><ref>[http://www.newstube.ru/media/sergej-shaxraj-konstituciya-nachalas-s-tryox-listov-bumagi "Почему у нас третье лицо в государстве Председатель Совета Федерации? Потому что это федерация, он не распускается, он действует постоянно." - Сергей Шахрай]</ref>


The jurisdiction of the State Duma includes: consent to the appointment of the [[Prime Minister of Russia|Chairman of the Government]], deciding the issue of confidence in the Government, appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the [[Central Bank of Russia|Central Bank]], appointment and dismissal of the Chairman and half of the auditors of the [[Accounts Chamber of Russia|Accounting Chamber]], appointment and dismissal of the Commissioner for Human Rights, proclamation of amnesty, advancing of charges against the President for his impeachment and others.<ref>[http://constitution.ru/en/10003000-06.htm The Constitution of the Russian Federation. Article 103]</ref>
The jurisdiction of the State Duma includes: consent to the appointment of the [[Prime Minister of Russia|Chairman of the Government]], deciding the issue of confidence in the Government, appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the [[Central Bank of Russia|Central Bank]], appointment and dismissal of the Chairman and half of the auditors of the [[Accounts Chamber of Russia|Accounting Chamber]], appointment and dismissal of the Commissioner for Human Rights, proclamation of amnesty, advancing of charges against the President for his impeachment and others.<ref>[http://constitution.ru/en/10003000-06.htm The Constitution of the Russian Federation. Article 103]</ref>


The jurisdiction of the Council of the Federation includes: approval of changes in borders between [[subjects of the Russian Federation]], approval of the decree of the President on the introduction of a [[martial law]] or on the introduction of a [[state of emergency]], deciding on the possibility of using the [[Armed Forces of Russia]] outside the territory of Russia, appointment of [[Russian presidential election|elections of the President]], impeachment of the President, appointment of judges of [[judiciary in Russia|higher courts of Russia]], appointment and dismissal of the [[Prosecutor General of Russia|Procurator-General of the Russian Federation]], appointment and dismissal of Deputy Chairman and half of the auditors of the all Accounting Chamber and others.<ref>[http://constitution.ru/en/10003000-06.htm The Constitution of the Russian Federation. Article 102]</ref>
The jurisdiction of the Council of the Federation includes: approval of changes in borders between [[subjects of the Russian Federation]], approval of the decree of the President on the introduction of a [[martial law]] or on the introduction of a [[state of emergency]], deciding on the possibility of using the [[Armed Forces of Russia]] outside the territory of Russia, appointment of [[Russian presidential election|elections of the President]], impeachment of the President, appointment of judges of [[judiciary in Russia|higher courts of Russia]], appointment and dismissal of the [[Prosecutor General of Russia|Procurator-General of the Russian Federation]], appointment and dismissal of Deputy Chairman and half of the auditors of the all Accounting Chamber and others.<ref>[http://constitution.ru/en/10003000-06.htm The Constitution of the Russian Federation. Article 102]</ref>

Since the [[2003 Russian legislative election|2003 elections]], the Federal Assembly has been referred to by analysts and observers as being a [[Rubber stamp (politics)|rubber stamp institution]].<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |first1=Joshua |last1=Berlinger |first2=Olga |last2=Voitovych |date=3 October 2022 |title=Russian Parliament begins process to rubber-stamp annexations as Moscow struggles to define borders |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/03/europe/russia-ukraine-annexation-intl/index.html |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=CNN }}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite book |last1=Rosefielde |first1=Steven |last2=Hedlund |first2=Stefan |title=Russia Since 1980 |date=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521849135 |page=174 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lNSiw3S8NIUC&dq=rubber+stamp+%22federal+assembly%22+of+russia+inpublisher:university+inpublisher:press&pg=PA174 |access-date=16 June 2023|quote=Duma election of 2003, reducing the legislature to a rubber stamp.}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite news|last1=Troianovski|first1=Anton|author-link=Anton Troianovski|last2=Nechepurenko|first2=Ivan|author-link2=Ivan Nechepurenko|date=19 September 2021|title=Russian Election Shows Declining Support for Putin's Party|language=en|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/19/world/europe/russia-election-google.html|access-date=27 September 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920000513/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/19/world/europe/russia-election-google.html |archive-date=20 September 2021 |quote=Russian elections are not free and fair, and Parliament’s role in recent years has mainly been to rubber-stamp the Kremlin's initiatives while providing a veneer of democratic legitimacy to Mr. Putin’s rule.}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite journal |url=http://prutland.faculty.wesleyan.edu/files/2015/07/Rutland-China-Russia-Compared.pdf |journal=Polis |location=Moscow |issue=3 |date=June 2009| pages=165–176 |title=Post-socialist states and the evolution of a new development model: Russia and China compared |first=Peter |last=Rutland}}</ref>


==Powers==
==Powers==
{{Politics of Russia|expanded=Legislature}}
{{Politics of Russia|expanded=Legislature}}

As the Russian legislature, all laws must be voted in the Federal Assembly before they are signed into law. All bills, even those proposed by the Federation Council, must first be considered by the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full State Duma membership, a draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar. The Federation Council cannot make changes in bills passed by the Duma and can either approve or reject them. If the Federation Council rejects a bill passed by the State Duma, the two chambers must form a conciliation commission to work out a compromise version of the legislation. If two chambers cannot reach a compromise, or the Duma insists on passing the bill ''as is'', the veto of the Federation Council can be overridden, if two thirds of the Duma's constitutional composition vote in favor of the bill.
As the Russian legislature, all laws must be voted in the Federal Assembly before they are signed into law. All bills, even those proposed by the Federation Council, must first be considered by the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full State Duma membership, a draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar. The Federation Council cannot make changes in bills passed by the Duma and can either approve or reject them. If the Federation Council rejects a bill passed by the State Duma, the two chambers must form a conciliation commission to work out a compromise version of the legislation. If two chambers cannot reach a compromise, or the Duma insists on passing the bill ''as is'', the veto of the Federation Council can be overridden, if two thirds of the Duma's constitutional composition vote in favor of the bill.


The State Duma and the Federation Council usually meet separately. Joint sessions are organized when:
The State Duma and the Federation Council usually meet separately. Joint sessions are organized when:

*[[President of Russia]] [[State of the Nation (Russia)|delivers his annual address to the Federal Assembly]];
*[[President of Russia]] [[State of the Nation (Russia)|delivers his annual address to the Federal Assembly]];
*For hearing of addresses of the [[Constitutional Court of Russia]];
*For hearing of addresses of the [[Constitutional Court of Russia]];
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==Parliamentary centre==
==Parliamentary centre==
In the mid 2000s it was suggested that the Parliamentary centre of the [[State Duma]] and [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]] be combined into one building.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date = 2016-02-19|title = Sergei Mironov will make a proposal for the construction of the Parliamentary centre|url = http://www.rg.ru/2004/02/05/sf.html/publisher Russian newspaper}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|access-date = 2016-02-19|title = the Construction of the parliamentary centre — Russian newspaper|url = http://www.rg.ru/sujet/4597//publisher www.rg.ru}}</ref> In 2012, the idea was supported by President [[Dmitry Medvedev]].<ref>{{Cite web|access-date = 2016-02-19|title = In the state Duma confirmed the relocation of Parliament in the Lower Mnevniki|url = http://www.rg.ru/2014/08/29/parlament-site.html/publisher Russian newspaper}}</ref> Reasons cited for the construction of a new building included the cramped nature of the parliament members' current offices, the remote locations of these offices split across ten locations in [[Moscow]], and the desire of the government to move the bodies away from the city centre to reduce traffic congestion.
In the mid 2000s it was suggested that the Parliamentary centre of the [[State Duma]] and [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]] be combined into one building.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date = 2016-02-19|title = Sergei Mironov will make a proposal for the construction of the Parliamentary centre|url = http://www.rg.ru/2004/02/05/sf.html/ |publisher=Russian newspaper}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|access-date = 2016-02-19|title = the Construction of the parliamentary centre — Russian newspaper|url = http://www.rg.ru/sujet/4597/ |publisher=www.rg.ru}}</ref> In 2012, the idea was supported by President [[Dmitry Medvedev]].<ref>{{Cite web|access-date = 2016-02-19|title = In the state Duma confirmed the relocation of Parliament in the Lower Mnevniki|url = http://www.rg.ru/2014/08/29/parlament-site.html/ |publisher=Russian newspaper}}</ref> Reasons cited for the construction of a new building included the cramped nature of the parliament members' current offices, the remote locations of these offices split across ten locations in [[Moscow]], and the desire of the government to move the bodies away from the city centre to reduce traffic congestion.


Various areas of Moscow were examined to serve as the new parliamentary center: [[Kutuzovsky Avenue|Kutuzovsky Prospekt]], Frunzenskaya embankment, "[[Moscow International Business Center|Moscow City]]", [[Tushino airfield]], Krasnaya Presnya, Moskvoretskaya embankment, Park Museon and the Sofia embankment. In September 2014, the Mnyovniki floodplain was selected, a decision which was protested by ecologists.<ref>[http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru/news/2014/26-12-mnevniki the Moscow Government is going to relocate the Russian Parliament in Mnevniki]</ref>
Various areas of Moscow were examined to serve as the new parliamentary center: [[Kutuzovsky Avenue|Kutuzovsky Prospekt]], Frunzenskaya embankment, "[[Moscow International Business Center|Moscow City]]", [[Tushino airfield]], Krasnaya Presnya, Moskvoretskaya embankment, Park Museon and the Sofia embankment. In September 2014, the Mnyovniki floodplain was selected, a decision which was protested by ecologists.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru/news/2014/26-12-mnevniki |title=the Moscow Government is going to relocate the Russian Parliament in Mnevniki |access-date=2017-01-10 |archive-date=2019-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121155212/http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru/news/2014/26-12-mnevniki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>


The design of the new building was to be decided on the basis of an architectural competition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rbc.ru/politics/01/02/2016/569d00c69a79475b06215be3|title=Переезд Госдумы в Мневники отложили по эстетическим соображениям|website=РБК|access-date=2017-12-22}}</ref> The parliamentarians, however, disagreed on aesthetic decisions between candidates in the competition, which were not resolved when the contest was conducted a second time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://daily.afisha.ru/cities/496-tradicii-shizofrenii-v-russkoj-arhitekture|script-title=ru:Традиции шизофрении в русской архитектуре|work=Афиша|access-date=2017-12-22|language=ru-RU}}</ref>
The design of the new building was to be decided on the basis of an architectural competition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rbc.ru/politics/01/02/2016/569d00c69a79475b06215be3|title=Переезд Госдумы в Мневники отложили по эстетическим соображениям|website=РБК|access-date=2017-12-22}}</ref> The parliamentarians, however, disagreed on aesthetic decisions between candidates in the competition, which were not resolved when the contest was conducted a second time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://daily.afisha.ru/cities/496-tradicii-shizofrenii-v-russkoj-arhitekture|script-title=ru:Традиции шизофрении в русской архитектуре|work=Афиша|access-date=2017-12-22|language=ru-RU}}</ref>
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Financing issues caused complications. Originally, the Parliamentary center was to be funded by private investors, who would in turn receive ownership of a building currently belonging to the State Duma and the Federation Council, as well as permits to tear it down and replace the building with their own development projects (such as hotels). An objection to this plan was lodged by architectural critic Grigory Revzin, arguing that the State Duma is located in the [[Building of Council of Labor and Defense|building of the Council of Labor and Defense]] which was designed by [[Arkady Langman]] and built in 1935, rendering the existing State Duma building an architectural monument, which would be protected by the state and cannot be demolished.
Financing issues caused complications. Originally, the Parliamentary center was to be funded by private investors, who would in turn receive ownership of a building currently belonging to the State Duma and the Federation Council, as well as permits to tear it down and replace the building with their own development projects (such as hotels). An objection to this plan was lodged by architectural critic Grigory Revzin, arguing that the State Duma is located in the [[Building of Council of Labor and Defense|building of the Council of Labor and Defense]] which was designed by [[Arkady Langman]] and built in 1935, rendering the existing State Duma building an architectural monument, which would be protected by the state and cannot be demolished.


Work on the parliamentary center is to begin in 2020.<ref>[http://www.rg.ru/2016/02/03/reg-cfo/resin-stroitelstvo-parlamentskogo-centra-nachnetsia-ne-pozdnee-2017-goda.html Владимир Ресин: Новый парламентский центр откроется к 2020 году]</ref>
Work on the parliamentary center was to begin in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-03 |title=Владимир Ресин: Новый парламентский центр откроется к 2020 году |url=https://rg.ru/2016/02/03/reg-cfo/resin-stroitelstvo-parlamentskogo-centra-nachnetsia-ne-pozdnee-2017-goda.html |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=Российская газета}}</ref> However, in 2016 it was postponed to an unknown date due to the economic situation and disagreements on what the center should look like.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Переезд Госдумы в Мневники отложили по эстетическим соображениям |url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/01/02/2016/569d00c69a79475b06215be3 |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=РБК |language=ru}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[City Duma]]
* [[City duma]]
⚫
* [[Regional parliaments of Russia]]
⚫
* [[Politics of Russia]]
* [[List of legislatures by country]]
* [[List of legislatures by country]]
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* [[Politics of Russia]]
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* [[Regional parliaments of Russia]]


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
{{NoteFoot}}
{{NoteFoot}}
{{notelist}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<!--ref name="Art 104(1)">The Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993, article 104(1).</ref-->
<!--ref name="Art 104(1)">The Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993, article 104(1).</ref-->
<!--ref name="Art 105(1)">The Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993, article 105(1).</ref-->
<!--ref name="Art 105(1)">The Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993, article 105(1).</ref-->
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==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.russia-today.ru/ Russian Federation Today] — Official issue of the Federal Assembly {{in lang|ru}}
* [http://www.russia-today.ru/ Russian Federation Today] — Official issue of the Federal Assembly {{in lang|ru}}


{{Russia topics}}
{{Russia topics}}
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{{Parliaments in Europe}}
{{Parliaments in Europe}}
{{Asia topic|Parliament of}}
{{Asia topic|Parliament of}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


Revision as of 15:06, 2 July 2024

"Russian parliament" redirects here. For other uses, see Russian parliament (disambiguation).
Federal Assembly

Федеральное собрание

Federalnoye sobraniye
Coat of arms or logo
Typ
Typ
Houses• Federation Council
• State Duma
History
Gegründet12 December 1993; 30 years ago (1993-12-12)
Preceded bySupreme Soviet of Russia
Constitutional Conference of Russia
Leadership
Valentina Matviyenko, United Russia
since 21 September 2011
Vyacheslav Volodin, United Russia
since 5 October 2016
Structure
SeatsState Duma: 450
Federation Council: 178[b]
Federation Council political groups
Government (136)
  United Russia (136)

Other parties and vacancies (42)

  Communist (4)
  A Just Russia — For Truth (3)
  LDPR (3)
  Donetsk Republic (2)
  Independent (27)
  Vacant seats (3)
State Duma political groups
Government (348)
  United Russia (325)
  LDPR (23)
  Civic Platform (1)
  Rodina (1)

Other parties (102)

  CPRF (57)
  Left Front (1)[1]
  SRZP (27)
  New People (16)[a]
  Independent (1)
Elections
Parallel voting
Last Federation Council election
12 December 1993
Last State Duma election
17–19 September 2021
Next State Duma election
Before 20 September 2026
Meeting place
Federation Council Building, Moscow
State Duma Building, Moscow
Website
Gov.ru
Constitution
Constitution of Russia, Chapter V, Articles 94-109

The Federal Assembly[c] is the bicameral national legislature of Russia. The upper house is the Federation Council, and the lower house is the State Duma. The assembly was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993, replacing the former Supreme Soviet of Russia. It is located in Moscow.

The Chairman of the Federation Council is the third most important position after the President and the Prime Minister. In the case that both the President and the Prime Minister are incapacitated, the Chairman of the upper house of the Russian parliament becomes Acting President of Russia.[3][4]

The jurisdiction of the State Duma includes: consent to the appointment of the Chairman of the Government, deciding the issue of confidence in the Government, appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank, appointment and dismissal of the Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounting Chamber, appointment and dismissal of the Commissioner for Human Rights, proclamation of amnesty, advancing of charges against the President for his impeachment and others.[5]

The jurisdiction of the Council of the Federation includes: approval of changes in borders between subjects of the Russian Federation, approval of the decree of the President on the introduction of a martial law or on the introduction of a state of emergency, deciding on the possibility of using the Armed Forces of Russia outside the territory of Russia, appointment of elections of the President, impeachment of the President, appointment of judges of higher courts of Russia, appointment and dismissal of the Procurator-General of the Russian Federation, appointment and dismissal of Deputy Chairman and half of the auditors of the all Accounting Chamber and others.[6]

Since the 2003 elections, the Federal Assembly has been referred to by analysts and observers as being a rubber stamp institution.[7][8][9][10]

Powers

Politics of Russia
Law
Presidency
Executive
Legislature
Federal Assembly
Judiciary
Elections
Federalism
Foreign relations
Related topics

As the Russian legislature, all laws must be voted in the Federal Assembly before they are signed into law. All bills, even those proposed by the Federation Council, must first be considered by the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full State Duma membership, a draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar. The Federation Council cannot make changes in bills passed by the Duma and can either approve or reject them. If the Federation Council rejects a bill passed by the State Duma, the two chambers must form a conciliation commission to work out a compromise version of the legislation. If two chambers cannot reach a compromise, or the Duma insists on passing the bill as is, the veto of the Federation Council can be overridden, if two thirds of the Duma's constitutional composition vote in favor of the bill.

The State Duma and the Federation Council usually meet separately. Joint sessions are organized when:

Parliamentary centre

In the mid 2000s it was suggested that the Parliamentary centre of the State Duma and Federation Council be combined into one building.[11][12] In 2012, the idea was supported by President Dmitry Medvedev.[13] Reasons cited for the construction of a new building included the cramped nature of the parliament members' current offices, the remote locations of these offices split across ten locations in Moscow, and the desire of the government to move the bodies away from the city centre to reduce traffic congestion.

Various areas of Moscow were examined to serve as the new parliamentary center: Kutuzovsky Prospekt, Frunzenskaya embankment, "Moscow City", Tushino airfield, Krasnaya Presnya, Moskvoretskaya embankment, Park Museon and the Sofia embankment. In September 2014, the Mnyovniki floodplain was selected, a decision which was protested by ecologists.[14]

The design of the new building was to be decided on the basis of an architectural competition.[15] The parliamentarians, however, disagreed on aesthetic decisions between candidates in the competition, which were not resolved when the contest was conducted a second time.[16]

Financing issues caused complications. Originally, the Parliamentary center was to be funded by private investors, who would in turn receive ownership of a building currently belonging to the State Duma and the Federation Council, as well as permits to tear it down and replace the building with their own development projects (such as hotels). An objection to this plan was lodged by architectural critic Grigory Revzin, arguing that the State Duma is located in the building of the Council of Labor and Defense which was designed by Arkady Langman and built in 1935, rendering the existing State Duma building an architectural monument, which would be protected by the state and cannot be demolished.

Work on the parliamentary center was to begin in 2020.[17] However, in 2016 it was postponed to an unknown date due to the economic situation and disagreements on what the center should look like.[18]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Including Oksana Dmitriyeva who joined the New People party in 2024, but did not join the Duma faction of the party.[2]
  2. ^ The federal subjects of Russia include several not internationally recognized as part of Russia. The Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol were annexed in 2014, and Donetsk People's Republic, Luhansk People's Republic, Zaporizhzhia Oblast and Kherson Oblast in 2022.
  3. ^ Russian: Федера́льное собра́ние, romanized: Federal'noye sobraniye, IPA: [fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnəjə sɐˈbranʲɪjə]

References

  1. ^ ""Моя позиция с партийной солидарна". Удальцова объяснила, почему ей достался депутатский мандат Рашкина". RTVI. 24 June 2022.
  2. ^ "Оксана Дмитриева возглавит реготделение партии «Новые люди» в Петербурге | Санкт-Петербург". ФедералПресс (in Russian). 2024-04-19. Retrieved 2024-04-20.
  3. ^ "Пост Председателя Совета Федерации РФ – это третий пост в стране. В случае недееспособности президента и премьера именно председатель верхней палаты парламента должен возглавить государство."
  4. ^ "Почему у нас третье лицо в государстве Председатель Совета Федерации? Потому что это федерация, он не распускается, он действует постоянно." - Сергей Шахрай
  5. ^ The Constitution of the Russian Federation. Article 103
  6. ^ The Constitution of the Russian Federation. Article 102
  7. ^ Berlinger, Joshua; Voitovych, Olga (3 October 2022). "Russian Parliament begins process to rubber-stamp annexations as Moscow struggles to define borders". CNN. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  8. ^ Rosefielde, Steven; Hedlund, Stefan (2009). Russia Since 1980. Cambridge University Press. p. 174. ISBN 9780521849135. Retrieved 16 June 2023. Duma election of 2003, reducing the legislature to a rubber stamp.
  9. ^ Troianovski, Anton; Nechepurenko, Ivan (19 September 2021). "Russian Election Shows Declining Support for Putin's Party". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021. Russian elections are not free and fair, and Parliament's role in recent years has mainly been to rubber-stamp the Kremlin's initiatives while providing a veneer of democratic legitimacy to Mr. Putin's rule.
  10. ^ Rutland, Peter (June 2009). "Post-socialist states and the evolution of a new development model: Russia and China compared" (PDF). Polis (3). Moscow: 165–176.
  11. ^ "Sergei Mironov will make a proposal for the construction of the Parliamentary centre". Russian newspaper. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
  12. ^ "the Construction of the parliamentary centre — Russian newspaper". www.rg.ru. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
  13. ^ "In the state Duma confirmed the relocation of Parliament in the Lower Mnevniki". Russian newspaper. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
  14. ^ "the Moscow Government is going to relocate the Russian Parliament in Mnevniki". Archived from the original on 2019-11-21. Retrieved 2017-01-10.
  15. ^ "Переезд Госдумы в Мневники отложили по эстетическим соображениям". РБК. Retrieved 2017-12-22.
  16. ^ Традиции шизофрении в русской архитектуре. Афиша (in Russian). Retrieved 2017-12-22.
  17. ^ "Владимир Ресин: Новый парламентский центр откроется к 2020 году". Российская газета. 2016-02-03. Retrieved 2023-01-24.
  18. ^ "Переезд Госдумы в Мневники отложили по эстетическим соображениям". РБК (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-01-24.
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