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Coordinates: 31°16′10″N 72°18′58″E / 31.26944°N 72.31611°E / 31.26944; 72.31611
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jhang
| name = Jhang
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| imagesize = 250px
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| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = '''Clockwise from top:<br />'''
| image_caption = '''Clockwise from top:'''
Shrine of [[Sultan Bahu|Sultan Bahoo]]; [[Heer and Ranjha's Tomb|Shrine of Heer and Ranjha]]; [[Chenab College, Jhang|Chenab College]]; Trimmu Barrage and Chenab Bridge
Shrine (Darbar) of Pir Abdul Rehman
Shrine (Darbar) of [[Heer Ranjha|Heer Ranjha Darbar]]
Shrine (Darbar) of [[Sultan Bahu|Sultan Bahoo]], a Sufi saint, [[Chenab College, Jhang|Chenab College]], Trimmu Barrage, Chenab Bridge<br />
| image_map =
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| map_alt =
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| area_total_km2 = 28.27
| area_total_km2 = 28.27
}}
}}
'''Jhang''' ({{Big|{{nq|جھنگ}}}}; {{IPA-pa|ˈt͡ʃə̀ŋ.gᵊ}}; {{IPA-ur|d͡ʒʱəŋɡ}}) is the capital city of [[Jhang District]], in the central portion of the province of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan. Situated on the east bank of the [[Chenab]] river, it is the [[List of most populous cities in Pakistan|18th largest city of Pakistan]] by population.<ref name="Population city">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tageo.com/index-e-pk-cities-PK.htm|title=Pakistan City & Town Population List|access-date=22 May 2023|publisher=Tageo.com website}}</ref>


'''Jhang''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Urdu language|Urdu]]: {{Big|{{nq|جھنگ}}}}; {{IPA-pa|ˈt͡ʃə̀ŋ.gᵊ}}; {{IPA-ur|d͡ʒʱəŋɡ}}) is the capital city of [[Jhang District]] in central [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan. Situated on the east bank of the [[Chenab]] river, it is the [[List of most populous cities in Pakistan|18th most populous city of Pakistan]].<ref name="Population city">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tageo.com/index-e-pk-cities-PK.htm|title=Pakistan City & Town Population List|access-date=22 May 2023|publisher=Tageo.com website}}</ref>
The historical name of the city and district is Jhang Sial.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Gazetteer - Punjab District Gazetteers, Jhang District, with Map, 1929 - South Asia Archive|url=http://www.southasiaarchive.com/Content/sarf.100009/222773|access-date=2020-09-22|website=www.southasiaarchive.com}}</ref><ref name="HISTORY OF JHANG Jhang" />

The locality also includes the Shrine (Darbar) of Pir Abdul Rehman hrine of [[Sultan Bahu]] and [[Heer and Ranjha's Tomb]].


== Etymology==
== Etymology==
The historical name of the city and district is Jhang Sial.<ref name=":0" /> The word Jhang is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''jāṅgala'' which means rough or forested terrain; the word [[Jungle]] also shares the same root. ''Jhang Sial'' was the historic name of the city, literally meaning the "terrain of the [[Sials]]".<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Gazetteer - Punjab District Gazetteers, Jhang District, with Map, 1929 - South Asia Archive|url=http://www.southasiaarchive.com/Content/sarf.100009/222773|access-date=2020-09-22|website=www.southasiaarchive.com}}</ref><ref name="HISTORY OF JHANG Jhang" />
The historical name of the city and district is Jhang Sial.<ref name=":0" />

The word Jhang is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] word '''''jāṅgala''''' which means rough or forested terrain, the word [[Jungle]] also sharing the same root. In context, the term Jhang was derived from the Sanskrit word ''jāṅgala,'' Jhang Sial being the historic name of the locality, literally translating into ‘The terrain of the Sials’.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />


==History==
==History==
The city of Jhang was built in 1288 by Rai Sial, a chief of the Sial tribe.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Wikeley|first=J. M. |url=https://archive.org/details/punjabimusalmans00wikeuoft |title=Punjabi Musalmans|date= |publisher=Lahore Book House|others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}</ref><ref name="HISTORY OF JHANG Jhang">{{Cite web |title=HISTORY OF JHANG |url=https://jhang.punjab.gov.pk/our-history |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=Jhang on Punjab Portal, Government of Pakistan website}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Punjab Government|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.105607|title=Gazetteer Of The Jhang District|date=1883|pages=Chap. II. — History. 27}}</ref> The Sial tribe, his kin, ruled over this region ever since then until the last Sial ruler of Jhang, Ahmad Khan (1812 to 1822) was defeated by [[Ranjit Singh]] after a fierce fighting.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Government of Pakistan, Map of Jhang|url=http://www.aserpakistan.org/document/aser/map/Jhang.pdf}}</ref>
[[File:Mahi Heer Tomb, Jhang, Punjab.jpg|thumb|left| Tomb of [[Heer Ranjha]]]]

'''Ancient'''

Greeks army led by Alexander encamped here in Jhang and stayed some time to make preparation to proceed ahead, several local tribes like Vains, Longs, Nauls and Noons are described to be the descendants of Alexander's army men.

'''Islamic conquest'''

[[Muhammad bin Qasim]] conquered the nearby city of Multan, so area of Jhang came under Arabs for a few centuries. Then town of Jhang became part of Multan province of Mamluks ruled by different rulers.<ref name="HISTORY OF JHANG Jhang">{{Cite web |title=HISTORY OF JHANG |url=https://jhang.punjab.gov.pk/our-history |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=Jhang on Punjab Portal, Government of Pakistan website}}</ref>

The asta town was ory of Jhang is the history of the Sial tribe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Punjab Government|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.105607|title=Gazetteer Of The Jhang District|date=1883|pages=Chap. II. — History. 27}}</ref>

Jhang was built in 1288 by [[Maharaja]] Rai Sial''',''' a [[Rajput]] chief and founder of the Sial Tribe.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Wikeley|first=J. M. |url=https://archive.org/details/punjabimusalmans00wikeuoft |title=Punjabi Musalmans|date= |publisher=Lahore Book House|others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}</ref>

The Sial tribe, his kin, ruled this district ever since until the last Sial ruler of Jhang, Ahmad Khan (1812 to 1822) was defeated by [[Ranjit Singh]] after fierce fighting.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Government of Pakistan, Map of Jhang|url=http://www.aserpakistan.org/document/aser/map/Jhang.pdf}}</ref>


Under the collective rule of the Sial Khans of Jhang and other Sial sub-tribes such as the Rajbana and Bharwana, in the zenith of their power, the Sial country of Jhang extended up to the [[Muzaffargarh|Muzafargarh]] boundary in the south, and the entirety of [[Chiniot District|Chiniot]], [[Kamalia]] and [[Kabirwala]] {{transliteration|ur|ilakas}}. The territory extended to parts of [[Bhakkar District|Bhakkar]] and [[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]. The [[Garh Maharaja|Garh Mahraja]] and [[Ahmedpur Sial|Ahmadpur Sial]] {{transliteration|ur|ilakas}} were added to the possessions of the Rajbana Sial tribe who drove out the Baloch tribes to the [[Thal Desert|Thal]] and defeated the Nawab of [[Multan]] by the mid 17th century.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
Under the collective rule of the Sial Khans of Jhang and other Sial sub-tribes such as the Rajbana and Bharwana, in the zenith of their power, the Sial country of Jhang extended up to the [[Muzaffargarh|Muzafargarh]] boundary in the south, and the entirety of [[Chiniot District|Chiniot]], [[Kamalia]] and [[Kabirwala]] {{transliteration|ur|ilakas}}. The territory extended to parts of [[Bhakkar District|Bhakkar]] and [[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]. The [[Garh Maharaja|Garh Mahraja]] and [[Ahmedpur Sial|Ahmadpur Sial]] {{transliteration|ur|ilakas}} were added to the possessions of the Rajbana Sial tribe who drove out the Baloch tribes to the [[Thal Desert|Thal]] and defeated the Nawab of [[Multan]] by the mid 17th century.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />


Under the [[British Raj]], the towns of Jhang and [[Mighiana]], lying {{convert|2|mi|km|1|spell=in}} apart, became a joint municipality, then known as Jhang-Maghiana.<ref name="IGI">[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_131.gif Jhang District article in the ''Imperial Gazetteer of India''], v. 14, pp. 125 - 134</ref>
Under the [[British Raj]], the towns of Jhang and [[Mighiana]], lying {{convert|2|mi|km|1|spell=in}} apart, became a joint municipality, then known as Jhang-Maghiana.<ref name="IGI">[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_131.gif Jhang District article in the ''Imperial Gazetteer of India''], v. 14, pp. 125 - 134</ref>

Maghiana lies on the edge of the highlands, overlooking the alluvial valley of the Chenab, while the older town of Jhang occupies the lowlands at its foot.<ref name="IGI"/>


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
Jhang Sadr is located at 31.27 latitude and 72.33 longitude and is situated at an elevation of 158 meters above sea level.
Jhang is situated at the East bank of [[Chenab River|Chenab]] which has confluence with [[Jhelum River|Jhelum]] at [[Trimmu Barrage]] near the town of [[Athara Hazari]]. The city was endangered in the [[2014 India–Pakistan floods|2014 floods]] but it was not flooded as the flood water was redirected towards [[Athara Hazari]].<ref>{{cite news|author1=Shamsul Islam|title=Panicked residents flee Jhang city |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/760273/panicked-residents-flee-jhang-city/|access-date=22 May 2023|work=The Express Tribune (newspaper)|date=10 September 2014|language=en}}</ref> there are three river in jhang such as [[Chenab River|chenab river]] jhelum river and river ravi is also touch with the boundary of District Jhang near [[Ahmadpur Sial]].

Jhang is situated at the East bank of [[Chenab River|Chenab]] which has confluence with [[Jhelum River|Jhelum]] at [[Trimmu Barrage]] near the town of [[Athara Hazari]]. The city was endangered in the [[2014 India–Pakistan floods|2014 floods]] but it was not flooded as the flood water was redirected towards [[Athara Hazari]].<ref>{{cite news|author1=Shamsul Islam|title=Panicked residents flee Jhang city |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/760273/panicked-residents-flee-jhang-city/|access-date=22 May 2023|work=The Express Tribune (newspaper)|date=10 September 2014|language=en}}</ref> there are three river in jhang such as [[Chenab River|chenab river]] jhelum river and river ravi is also touch with the boundary of District Jhang near [[Ahmadpur Sial]]. Maghiana lies on the edge of the highlands, overlooking the alluvial valley of the Chenab, while the older town of Jhang occupies the lowlands at its foot.<ref name="IGI"/>


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
The population of city in 1998 [[Census of Pakistan]] was recorded as 293,366. According to the [[2017 Census of Pakistan]], the population of city rose to 414,131 with a growth of 41.17% in 19 years.<ref name=city/>
The population of city in 1998 [[Census of Pakistan]] was recorded as 293,366. According to the [[2017 Census of Pakistan]], the population of city rose to 414,131 with a growth of 41.17% in 19 years.<ref name=city/>

{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ Religious groups in Jhang City (1868−2017){{efn|1868-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Jhang, which included [[Mighiana|Maghiana]], Jhang Municipality and Jhang Civil Lines.<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|32}}|name="JhangCity1868to1941"}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in Pakistan|Religious]]<br>group
! colspan="2" |1868<ref name="Census1868">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057644 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057644 |access-date=18 May 2024 |title=Report on the census of the Punjab taken on 10th January, 1868. |year=1868 |pages=66 |last1=(India) |first1=Punjab }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057656 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057656 |access-date=31 March 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I. |year=1881 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057657 |access-date=31 March 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II. |year=1881 |pages=520 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881C">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057658 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057658 |access-date=31 March 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III. |year=1881 |pages=250 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1891<ref name="Census1891">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318666 |jstor=saoa.crl.25318666 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India, 1891. General tables for British provinces and feudatory states. |year=1891 |last1=Baines |first1=Jervoise Athelstane |author2=India Census Commissioner |volume=1 }}</ref>{{rp|68}}<ref name="Census1891B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318669 |jstor=saoa.crl.25318669 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory |year=1891 |last1=Edward Maclagan |first1=Sir |volume=2 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25352838 |jstor=saoa.crl.25352838 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. Vol. 1A, India. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1901}}</ref>{{rp|44}}<ref name="Census1901B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |jstor=saoa.crl.25363739 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. |year=1901}}</ref>{{rp|26}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393779 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393779 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India, 1911. Vol. 1., Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911 |last1=Edward Albert Gait |first1=Sir |author2=India Census Commissioner |volume=2 |publisher=Calcutta, Supt. Govt. Print., India, 1913. }}</ref>{{rp|23}}<ref name="Census1911B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393788 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911}}</ref>{{rp|19}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394121 |jstor=saoa.crl.25394121 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 1, India. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921}}</ref>{{rp|25}}<ref name="Census1921B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430165 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921}}</ref>{{rp|21}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1931-26575928/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1931 VOLUME XVII PUNJAB PART II TABLES|access-date=9 January 2024}}</ref>{{rp|26}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/south-asia-open-archives/saoa/censusofindia1941-28216851/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB|access-date=9 January 2024}}</ref>{{rp|32}}
! colspan="2" |2017<ref name="Census2017B">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/final-results-census-2017|title=Final Results (Census-2017)|access-date=27 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931-1941: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
| 9,760
| {{Percentage | 9760 | 19649 | 2 }}
| 10,187
| {{Percentage | 10187 | 21629 | 2 }}
| 11,355
| {{Percentage | 11355 | 23290 | 2 }}
| 12,189
| {{Percentage | 12189 | 24382 | 2 }}
| 12,395
| {{Percentage | 12395 | 25914 | 2 }}
| 14,389
| {{Percentage | 14389 | 30139 | 2 }}
| 16,724
| {{Percentage | 16724 | 36035 | 2 }}
| 23,286
| {{Percentage | 23286 | 50051 | 2 }}
| 36
| {{Percentage | 36 | 429441 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 8,942
| {{Percentage | 8942 | 19649 | 2 }}
| 10,941
| {{Percentage | 10941 | 21629 | 2 }}
| 11,334
| {{Percentage | 11334 | 23290 | 2 }}
| 11,684
| {{Percentage | 11684 | 24382 | 2 }}
| 12,707
| {{Percentage | 12707 | 25914 | 2 }}
| 14,760
| {{Percentage | 14760 | 30139 | 2 }}
| 18,042
| {{Percentage | 18042 | 36035 | 2 }}
| 24,506
| {{Percentage | 24506 | 50051 | 2 }}
| 427,008
| {{Percentage | 427008 | 429441 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 435
| {{Percentage | 435 | 19649 | 2 }}
| 495
| {{Percentage | 495 | 21629 | 2 }}
| 573
| {{Percentage | 573 | 23290 | 2 }}
| 484
| {{Percentage | 484 | 24382 | 2 }}
| 796
| {{Percentage | 796 | 25914 | 2 }}
| 970
| {{Percentage | 970 | 30139 | 2 }}
| 1,243
| {{Percentage | 1243 | 36035 | 2 }}
| 2,215
| {{Percentage | 2215 | 50051 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 12
| {{Percentage | 12 | 19649 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 28
| {{Percentage | 28 | 23290 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 24382 | 2 }}
| 12
| {{Percentage | 12 | 25914 | 2 }}
| 13
| {{Percentage | 13 | 30139 | 2 }}
| 26
| {{Percentage | 26 | 36035 | 2 }}
| 39
| {{Percentage | 39 | 50051 | 2 }}
| 1,836
| {{Percentage | 1836 | 429441 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 21629 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 23290 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 24382 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 25914 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 30139 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 36035 | 2 }}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 50051 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 23290 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 24382 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 25914 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 30139 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 36035 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 23290 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 24382 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 25914 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 30139 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 36035 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 19649 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 23290 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 24382 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 25914 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 30139 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 36035 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Ahmadiyya]] [[File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 561
| {{Percentage | 561 | 429441 | 2 }}
|-
| Others
| 500
| {{Percentage | 500 | 19649 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 21629 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 23290 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 24382 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 25914 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 30139 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 36035 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 50051 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 429441 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population
! 19,649
! {{Percentage | 19649 | 19649 | 2 }}
! 21,629
! {{Percentage | 21629 | 21629 | 2 }}
! 23,290
! {{Percentage | 23290 | 23290 | 2 }}
! 24,382
! {{Percentage | 24382 | 24382 | 2 }}
! 25,914
! {{Percentage | 25914 | 25914 | 2 }}
! 30,139
! {{Percentage | 30139 | 30139 | 2 }}
! 36,035
! {{Percentage | 36035 | 36035 | 2 }}
! 50,051
! {{Percentage | 50051 | 50051 | 2 }}
! 429,441
! {{Percentage | 429441 | 429441 | 2 }}
|}


==Administration==
==Administration==
Line 103: Line 339:


==Education==
==Education==
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2024}}
* [[Virtual University of Pakistan]] (Jhang Campus)
* [[Virtual University of Pakistan]] (Jhang Campus)
* [[Lahore College for Women University]] (Jhang Campus)
* [[Lahore College for Women University]] (Jhang Campus)
Line 117: Line 354:


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2024}}

Scientists
===Scientists===
* [[Abdus Salam]], first Pakistani [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Laureate]] (Physics).
* [[Abdus Salam]], first Pakistani [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Laureate]] (Physics).
* [[Yash Pal]], Indian scientist.
* [[Yash Pal]], Indian scientist.
* [[Har Gobind Khorana]], Indian American biochemist
* [[Har Gobind Khorana]], Indian American biochemist


=== Politicians ===
=== Politicians ===
* [[Muhammad Arif Khan Rajbana Sial|Khan Muhammad Arif Khan Rajbana Sial]], former federal and provincial minister, honourable [[Chief Whip]] of [[All-India Muslim League]], close associate of the [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Quaid-e-Azam]] and key figure in the [[Independence movement of Pakistan|Independence Movement of Pakistan.]]
* [[Muhammad Arif Khan Rajbana Sial|Khan Arif Khan Rajbana]], former federal and provincial minister, honourable [[Chief Whip]] of [[All-India Muslim League]] and a close associate of the [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Quaid-e-Azam]]
* [[Abida Hussain|Syeda Abida Hussain]], former Pakistani Ambassador to USA and federal minister.
* [[Syeda Abida Hussain]], former Pakistani Ambassador to USA and Federal minister.
* [[Mian Muhammad Azam]], former member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab.
* [[Faisal Saleh Hayat|Makhdoom Faisal Saleh Hayat]], former Interior Minister of Pakistan and [[FIFA]] official.
* [[Faisal Saleh Hayat|Faisal Saleh Hayat]], former Interior Minister of Pakistan and [[FIFA]] official.
* [[Sahibzada Nazir Sultan]], former Member National Assembly.
* [[Sahabzada Mehboob Sultan|Sahibzada Mahboob]] Sultan, federal minister.
* [[Sahibzada Nazir Sultan|Nazir Sultan]], former Member National Assembly.
* [[Sahabzada Mehboob Sultan|Mahboob Sultan]], Federal minister.
* [[Ghulam Bibi Bharwana]], Member National Assembly.
* [[Ghulam Bibi Bharwana]], Member National Assembly.
* [[Najaf Abbas Sial]], former Member National Assembly and Member Provincial Assembly.
* [[Najaf Abbas Sial|Najaf Abbas]], former member of National Assembly and Provincial Assembly.
* [[Sheikh Waqas Akram]], former minister of state for Labour and Manpower
* [[Sheikh Waqas Akram|Waqas Akram]], former minister of state for Labour and Manpower
* [[Haq Nawaz Jhangvi]], Pakistani cleric, founder of Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan and namesake of Lashkar-e-Jhangvi
* [[Haq Nawaz Jhangvi]], Pakistani cleric, founder of Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan and namesake of Lashkar-e-Jhangvi
* [[Azam Tariq (religious leader)|Azam Tariq]], Pakistani politician, religious leader, member of national assembly, leader of sunni-Deoband Muslim organization 'Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan'<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dawn.com/news/118945/azam-tariq-gunned-down-in-islamabad | title=Azam Tariq gunned down in Islamabad | date=7 October 2003 }}</ref>
* [[Masroor Nawaz Jhangvi]], Pakistani Islamic cleric and politician, Member of Provincial Assembly (MPA) Punjab, son of Haq Nawaz Jhangvi
* [[Masroor Nawaz Jhangvi]], Pakistani Islamic cleric and politician, Member of Provincial Assembly (MPA) Punjab, son of Haq Nawaz Jhangvi
* [[Zahoor Ahmed Sajid]], former Member of Provincial Assembly.
*[[Ch Iftikhar Ali Jatt]],former nizam of Jhang city.

===Police Officers===
*[[Tariq Saleem Dogar]], Former IGP Punjab


=== Sports personalities ===
=== Sports personalities ===
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*[[Majeed Amjad]], Urdu poet
*[[Majeed Amjad]], Urdu poet
* [[Nasir Abbas Nayyar]], Pakistani Urdu language columnist
* [[Nasir Abbas Nayyar]], Pakistani Urdu language columnist
* [[Ishtiaq Ahmad (fiction writer)]]
* [[Ishtiaq Ahmad (fiction writer)|Ishtiaq Ahmad]], Urdu fiction writer


=== Pirs/religious figures ===
=== Religious figures ===
* [[Sultan Bahu]], founder of the [[Sarwari Qadiri]] Sufi order
* [[Sultan Bahu]], founder of the [[Sarwari Qadiri]] Sufi order
* [[Shah Jeewna]], Sufi saint, founder of [[Qalandariyya]] order
* [[Shah Jeewna]], founder of [[Qalandariyya]] Sufi order


=== Business people ===
=== Business people ===
* [[Sheikh Waqas Akram]], founder of Shalimar Transport
* [[Sheikh Waqas Akram]], founder of Shalimar Transport


== Sister Cities ==
== Sister cities ==
Jhang have 1 [[sister city]]
Jhang has one [[sister city]]:

* [[Madera, California]]
* [[Madera, California]]

==Geographic location==
{{Geographic location
| Centre = Jhang
| North = [[Mianwali]]<br />[[Sargodha]]
| Northeast = [[Chiniot]]
| East = [[Faisalabad]], [[Gojra]]<br />[[Okara, Pakistan|Okara]]
| Southeast = [[Sahiwal]]
| South = [[Toba Tek Singh]]
| Southwest = [[Multan]]
| West = [[Bhakkar]]
| Northwest =
}}Jhang Sadr is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is located at 31.27 latitude and 72.33 longitude and it is situated at an elevation of 158 meters above sea level.



== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{notelist}}

==External links==
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100516002325/http://pportal.punjab.gov.pk/portal/portal/media-type/html/group/310?page_name=Jhang$d_home&group_type=dist&group_id=310&group_name=Jhang&js_pane=P-1004ba76975-10000&pview=true Punjab Government (Jhang District profile) Archived]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100516002325/http://pportal.punjab.gov.pk/portal/portal/media-type/html/group/310?page_name=Jhang$d_home&group_type=dist&group_id=310&group_name=Jhang&js_pane=P-1004ba76975-10000&pview=true Punjab Government (Jhang District profile) Archived]
Line 181: Line 410:


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}



[[Category:Cities in Punjab (Pakistan)]]
[[Category:Cities in Punjab (Pakistan)]]

Latest revision as of 05:05, 3 July 2024

This article is about the city. For other uses, see Jhang (disambiguation).

Jhang
جھنگ
City
Clockwise from top: Shrine of Sultan Bahoo; Shrine of Heer and Ranjha; Chenab College; Trimmu Barrage and Chenab Bridge
Jhang is located in Punjab, Pakistan
Jhang
Jhang
Location of Jhang in Pakistan
Jhang is located in Pakistan
Jhang
Jhang
Jhang (Pakistan)
Coordinates: 31°16′10″N 72°18′58″E / 31.26944°N 72.31611°E / 31.26944; 72.31611
CountryPakistan
ProvincePunjab
DivisionFaisalabad
DistrictJhang
Area
 • Total28.27 km2 (10.92 sq mi)
Population
 (2017 Census of Pakistan)[1]
 • Total414,131
 • Rank16th, Pakistan
 • Density15,000/km2 (38,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+5 (PST)
Postal code
35200
Calling code047

Jhang (Punjabi and Urdu: جھنگ; Punjabi pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃə̀ŋ.gᵊ]; Urdu pronunciation: [d͡ʒʱəŋɡ]) is the capital city of Jhang District in central Punjab, Pakistan. Situated on the east bank of the Chenab river, it is the 18th most populous city of Pakistan.[2]

Etymology[edit]

The historical name of the city and district is Jhang Sial.[3] The word Jhang is derived from the Sanskrit word jāṅgala which means rough or forested terrain; the word Jungle also shares the same root. Jhang Sial was the historic name of the city, literally meaning the "terrain of the Sials".[3][4][5][6]

History[edit]

The city of Jhang was built in 1288 by Rai Sial, a chief of the Sial tribe.[4][6][3] The Sial tribe, his kin, ruled over this region ever since then until the last Sial ruler of Jhang, Ahmad Khan (1812 to 1822) was defeated by Ranjit Singh after a fierce fighting.[3][7]

Under the collective rule of the Sial Khans of Jhang and other Sial sub-tribes such as the Rajbana and Bharwana, in the zenith of their power, the Sial country of Jhang extended up to the Muzafargarh boundary in the south, and the entirety of Chiniot, Kamalia and Kabirwala ilakas. The territory extended to parts of Bhakkar and Sargodha. The Garh Mahraja and Ahmadpur Sial ilakas were added to the possessions of the Rajbana Sial tribe who drove out the Baloch tribes to the Thal and defeated the Nawab of Multan by the mid 17th century.[3][5]

Under the British Raj, the towns of Jhang and Mighiana, lying two miles (3.2 km) apart, became a joint municipality, then known as Jhang-Maghiana.[8]

Geography[edit]

Jhang Sadr is located at 31.27 latitude and 72.33 longitude and is situated at an elevation of 158 meters above sea level.

Jhang is situated at the East bank of Chenab which has confluence with Jhelum at Trimmu Barrage near the town of Athara Hazari. The city was endangered in the 2014 floods but it was not flooded as the flood water was redirected towards Athara Hazari.[9] there are three river in jhang such as chenab river jhelum river and river ravi is also touch with the boundary of District Jhang near Ahmadpur Sial. Maghiana lies on the edge of the highlands, overlooking the alluvial valley of the Chenab, while the older town of Jhang occupies the lowlands at its foot.[8]

Demographics[edit]

The population of city in 1998 Census of Pakistan was recorded as 293,366. According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan, the population of city rose to 414,131 with a growth of 41.17% in 19 years.[1]

Religious groups in Jhang City (1868−2017)[a]
Religious
group 		1868[11] 1881[12][13][14] 1891[15]: 68 [16] 1901[17]: 44 [18]: 26  1911[19]: 23 [20]: 19  1921[21]: 25 [22]: 21  1931[23]: 26  1941[10]: 32  2017[24]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Hinduism [b] 9,760 49.67% 10,187 47.1% 11,355 48.75% 12,189 49.99% 12,395 47.83% 14,389 47.74% 16,724 46.41% 23,286 46.52% 36 0.01%
Islam 8,942 45.51% 10,941 50.58% 11,334 48.66% 11,684 47.92% 12,707 49.04% 14,760 48.97% 18,042 50.07% 24,506 48.96% 427,008 99.43%
Sikhism 435 2.21% 495 2.29% 573 2.46% 484 1.99% 796 3.07% 970 3.22% 1,243 3.45% 2,215 4.43% — —
Christianity 12 0.06% — — 28 0.12% 25 0.1% 12 0.05% 13 0.04% 26 0.07% 39 0.08% 1,836 0.43%
Jainism — — 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 4 0.02% 7 0.02% 0 0% 5 0.01% — —
Zoroastrianism — — — — 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% — — — —
Judaism — — — — 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% — — — —
Buddhism 0 0% — — 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% — — — —
Ahmadiyya — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 561 0.13%
Others 500 2.54% 6 0.03% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Total population 19,649 100% 21,629 100% 23,290 100% 24,382 100% 25,914 100% 30,139 100% 36,035 100% 50,051 100% 429,441 100%

Administration[edit]

Jhang Saddar is the administrative center of Jhang Tehsil (a subdivision of the district). The tehsil itself is divided into 55 Union councils.[25]

Education[edit]

Notable people[edit]

Scientists[edit]

Politicians[edit]

Police Officers[edit]

Sports personalities[edit]

Literary personalities[edit]

Religious figures[edit]

Business people[edit]

Sister cities[edit]

Jhang has one sister city:

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Pakistan: Provinces and Major Cities - population of Jhang city per 2017 census". Citypopulation.de website. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  2. ^ "Pakistan City & Town Population List". Tageo.com website. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e Punjab Government (1883). Gazetteer Of The Jhang District. pp. Chap. II. — History. 27.
  4. ^ a b Wikeley, J. M. Punjabi Musalmans. Robarts - University of Toronto. Lahore Book House.
  5. ^ a b "Gazetteer - Punjab District Gazetteers, Jhang District, with Map, 1929 - South Asia Archive". www.southasiaarchive.com. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  6. ^ a b "HISTORY OF JHANG". Jhang on Punjab Portal, Government of Pakistan website. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  7. ^ "Government of Pakistan, Map of Jhang" (PDF).
  8. ^ a b Jhang District article in the Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, pp. 125 - 134
  9. ^ Shamsul Islam (10 September 2014). "Panicked residents flee Jhang city". The Express Tribune (newspaper). Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  10. ^ a b "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB". Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  11. ^ (India), Punjab (1868). "Report on the census of the Punjab taken on 10th January, 1868". p. 66. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057644. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
  12. ^ "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I." 1881. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057656. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  13. ^ "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II". 1881. p. 520. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057657. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  14. ^ "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III". 1881. p. 250. JSTOR saoa.crl.25057658. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  15. ^ Baines, Jervoise Athelstane; India Census Commissioner (1891). "Census of India, 1891. General tables for British provinces and feudatory states". JSTOR saoa.crl.25318666. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  16. ^ Edward Maclagan, Sir (1891). "The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory". JSTOR saoa.crl.25318669. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  17. ^ "Census of India 1901. Vol. 1A, India. Pt. 2, Tables". 1901. JSTOR saoa.crl.25352838. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  18. ^ "Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province". 1901. JSTOR saoa.crl.25363739. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  19. ^ Edward Albert Gait, Sir; India Census Commissioner (1911). "Census of India, 1911. Vol. 1., Pt. 2, Tables". Calcutta, Supt. Govt. Print., India, 1913. JSTOR saoa.crl.25393779. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  20. ^ "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1911. JSTOR saoa.crl.25393788. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  21. ^ "Census of India 1921. Vol. 1, India. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. JSTOR saoa.crl.25394121. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  22. ^ "Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. JSTOR saoa.crl.25430165. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  23. ^ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1931 VOLUME XVII PUNJAB PART II TABLES". Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  24. ^ "Final Results (Census-2017)". Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  25. ^ Tehsils & Unions in the District of Jhang – Government of Pakistan Archived 12 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  26. ^ "Azam Tariq gunned down in Islamabad". 7 October 2003.
  1. ^ 1868-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Jhang, which included Maghiana, Jhang Municipality and Jhang Civil Lines.[10]: 32 
  2. ^ 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jhang&oldid=1232326681"