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{{Short description|American diplomat (born 1956)}}
{{for|the writer of romantic fiction|Karen Hughes (writer)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{POV check|date=July 2016}}
{{POV check|date=July 2016}}
{{disputed|date=July 2016}}
{{disputed|date=July 2016}}
{{for|the writer of romantic fiction|Karen Hughes (writer)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Karen Hughes
|name = Karen Hughes
|image = Official portrait of Karen Hughes, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs 59-CF-DS-22773-05.jpg
|image = KarenHughes.jpg
|office = 4th [[Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs|Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs]]
|office = 4th [[Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs|Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs]]
|president = [[George W. Bush]]
|president = [[George W. Bush]]
|term_start = July 29, 2005
|term_start = July 29, 2005
|term_end = December 14, 2007
|term_end = December 14, 2007
|predecessor = [[Margaret D. Tutwiler|Margaret Tutwiler]]
|predecessor = [[Margaret D. Tutwiler]]
|successor = [[James K. Glassman|James Glassman]]
|successor = [[James K. Glassman]]
|office1 = [[Counselor to the President]]
|office1 = [[Counselor to the President]]
|president1 = [[George W. Bush]]
|president1 = [[George W. Bush]]
Line 17: Line 19:
|predecessor1 = [[Ann Lewis]]
|predecessor1 = [[Ann Lewis]]
|successor1 = [[Dan Bartlett]] {{small|(2005)}}
|successor1 = [[Dan Bartlett]] {{small|(2005)}}
|office2 = [[White House Communications Director|White House Director of Communications]]
|office2 = [[White House Communications Director]]
|president2 = [[George W. Bush]]
|president2 = [[George W. Bush]]
|term_start2 = January 20, 2001
|term_start2 = January 20, 2001
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|predecessor2 = [[Loretta Ucelli]]
|predecessor2 = [[Loretta Ucelli]]
|successor2 = [[Dan Bartlett]]
|successor2 = [[Dan Bartlett]]
|birth_name = Karen Parfitt Hughes
|birth_name = Karen Parfitt
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|12|27}}
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|12|27}}
|birth_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]
|birth_place = Paris, France
|death_date =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|death_place =
|party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|education = {{nowrap|[[Southern Methodist University]]}} {{small|([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])}}
|education = {{nowrap|[[Southern Methodist University]]}} ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
}}
}}
'''Karen Parfitt Hughes''' (born December 27, 1956) is the global vice chair of the public relations firm [[Burson-Marsteller]]. She served as the [[Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs]] in the U.S. [[United States Department of State|Department of State]] and as a counsellor to United States President [[George W. Bush]].
'''Karen Parfitt Hughes''' (born December 27, 1956) is the global vice chair of the public relations firm [[Burson-Marsteller]]. She served as the [[Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs]] in the U.S. [[United States Department of State|Department of State]] and as a counselor to President [[George W. Bush]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
Born in [[Paris]], [[France]], Hughes is the daughter of American parents Patricia Rose (Scully) and [[Harold Parfitt (Panama Canal)|Harold Parfitt]],<ref>http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~battle/celeb/hughes.htm</ref> the last [[List of Governors of Panama Canal Zone|U.S. Governor of the Panama Canal Zone]]. After graduating from [[W. T. White High School]] in [[Dallas, Texas]], Hughes earned a [[bachelor's degree]] at [[Southern Methodist University]] in 1977 where she was a member of [[Alpha Delta Pi]] sorority.
Born in Paris, France, Hughes is the daughter of American parents Patricia Rose (Scully) and [[Harold Parfitt (Panama Canal)|Harold Parfitt]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~battle/celeb/hughes.htm |title=1 |website=freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112023404/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~battle/celeb/hughes.htm |archive-date=2007-11-12}} </ref> the last [[List of Governors of Panama Canal Zone|U.S. Governor of the Panama Canal Zone]]. After graduating from [[W. T. White High School]] in [[Dallas, Texas]], Hughes earned a bachelor's degree at [[Southern Methodist University]] in 1977 where she was a member of [[Alpha Delta Pi]] sorority. She is of partial Irish and English descent.


==Early career==
==Early career==
Hughes worked as a television news reporter from 1977 to 1984. As a reporter, Hughes followed the [[U.S. presidential election, 1980|1980 presidential campaign]]. In 1984, she went to work as the Texas press coordinator for the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]]-[[George H.W. Bush|Bush]] campaign in the [[United States presidential election, 1984|1984 United States presidential election]]. She later became executive director of the [[Republican Party of Texas]].
Hughes worked as a television news reporter from 1977 to 1984. As a reporter, Hughes followed the [[U.S. presidential election, 1980|1980 presidential campaign]]. In 1984, she went to work as the Texas press coordinator for the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]]-[[George H.W. Bush|Bush]] campaign in the [[1984 United States presidential election]]. She later became executive director of the [[Republican Party of Texas]].


==White House==
==Work with George W. Bush==
[[File:Karen Hughes and Laura Bush.jpg|right|thumb|Karen Hughes with First Lady [[Laura Bush]], June 28, 2002]]
[[File:Karen Hughes and Laura Bush.jpg|right|thumb|Karen Hughes with First Lady [[Laura Bush]], June 28, 2002]]


Since 1994, Hughes has worked with [[George W. Bush]], first as director of his campaign for the office of [[governor of Texas]], and then as a [[Wikt:counselor|counselor]] from 2001 to 2002, while he was [[President of the United States]].
Since 1994, Hughes has worked with [[George W. Bush]], first as director of his campaign for the office of [[governor of Texas]], and then as a [[Wikt:counselor|counselor]] from 2001 to 2002, while he was [[President of the United States]].


Hughes left the [[George W. Bush|Bush administration]] in July 2002 to return to Texas, but remained in daily contact with the Bush reelection campaign by [[telephone]] and [[e-mail]], and spoke personally with Bush several times a week. In August 2004, Hughes returned to full-time service with the [[George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2004|Bush campaign]], setting up office on [[Air Force One]], from where she planned the [[2004 Republican National Convention]] and the late stages of the [[U.S. presidential election, 2004|2004 election]]. She has been praised by ''[[The Dallas Morning News]]'' as "the most powerful woman ever to serve in the [[White House]]", and by [[ABC News]] as Bush's "most essential advisor."
Hughes left the [[George W. Bush|Bush administration]] in July 2002 to return to Texas, but remained in daily contact with the Bush reelection campaign by [[telephone]] and [[e-mail]], and spoke personally with Bush several times a week. In August 2004, Hughes returned to full-time service with the [[George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2004|Bush campaign]], setting up office on [[Air Force One]], from where she planned the [[2004 Republican National Convention]] and the late stages of the [[U.S. presidential election, 2004|2004 election]]. She has been praised by ''[[The Dallas Morning News]]'' as "the most powerful woman ever to serve in the [[White House]]", and by [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] as Bush's "most essential advisor."


==''Ten Minutes from Normal''==
==''Ten Minutes from Normal''==
In March 2004, Hughes published ''Ten Minutes from Normal'', which includes an account of her decision to leave the White House. While promoting her book, she appeared on [[CNN]] on April 25, 2004 - the same day as the [[March for Women's Lives]] - and said "I think after [[September 11 attacks|September 11th]] the American people are valuing life more and realizing that we need policies to value the dignity and worth of every life. And President Bush has worked to say, let's be reasonable, let's work to value life, let's try to reduce the number of [[abortion]]s, let's increase [[adoption]]s. And I think those are the kind of policies that the American people can support, particularly at a time when we're facing an enemy, and really the fundamental difference between us and the [[terrorism|terror]] network we fight is that we value every life. It's the founding conviction of our country, that we're endowed by our creator with certain unalienable rights, the right to life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness."<ref>[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0404/25/le.00.html CNN.com - Transcripts<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
In March 2004, Hughes published ''Ten Minutes from Normal'', which includes an account of her decision to leave the White House. While promoting her book, she appeared on [[CNN]] on April 25, 2004 the same day as the [[March for Women's Lives]] and said "I think after [[September 11 attacks|September 11th]] the American people are valuing life more and realizing that we need policies to value the dignity and worth of every life. And President Bush has worked to say, let's be reasonable, let's work to value life, let's try to reduce the number of abortions, let's increase adoptions. And I think those are the kind of policies that the American people can support, particularly at a time when we're facing an enemy, and really the fundamental difference between us and the terror network we fight is that we value every life. It's the founding conviction of our country, that we're endowed by our creator with certain unalienable rights, the right to life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness."<ref>[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0404/25/le.00.html CNN.com Transcripts]</ref>


==State Department==
==As Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy==
[[Image:Karen Hughes.jpg|thumb|Karen Hughes (L) at White House luncheon with [[President of the United States|President]] [[George W. Bush|George Bush]] (C) and [[United States National Security Advisor]] and [[United States Secretary of State]] [[Condoleezza Rice]] (R).]]
[[Image:Karen Hughes.jpg|thumb|Karen Hughes (L) at White House luncheon with [[President of the United States|President]] [[George W. Bush|George Bush]] (C) and [[United States National Security Advisor]] and [[United States Secretary of State]] [[Condoleezza Rice]] (R).]]


On March 14, 2005, Bush announced his intention to nominate Hughes for the undersecretary of [[Department of State|state]] for [[public diplomacy]] with the rank of ambassador &mdash; a job focused on changing foreigners' perceptions about America. The [[United States Senate|Senate]] confirmed her nomination in July 2005.<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/30/AR2005073000040.html</ref>
On March 14, 2005, Bush announced his intention to nominate Hughes for the undersecretary of [[Department of State|state]] for [[public diplomacy]] with the rank of ambassador a job focused on changing foreigners' perceptions about America. The [[United States Senate|Senate]] confirmed her nomination in July 2005.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/30/AR2005073000040.html| title = Karen Hughes Confirmed for State Dept. Post| newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
In her new capacity, Hughes spoke of improving the world's perception of the United States via creation of a "rapid-response unit" and a plan to "forward-deploy regional [[SWAT]] teams". During a [[town hall meeting]] on September 8, 2005, a [[State Department]] employee complained that "recently, we've had tremendous amount of difficulty in some cases getting clearance for our ambassadors to speak." Hughes replied, "If they make statements based on something I sent them, they're not going to be called on the carpet."<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/08/AR2005090801788.html Hughes Is Varnishing the Nation's Tarnish<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
In her new capacity, Hughes spoke of improving the world's perception of the United States via creation of a "rapid-response unit" and a plan to "forward-deploy regional [[SWAT]] teams". During a [[town hall meeting]] on September 8, 2005, a [[State Department]] employee complained that "recently, we've had tremendous amount of difficulty in some cases getting clearance for our ambassadors to speak." Hughes replied, "If they make statements based on something I sent them, they're not going to be called on the carpet."<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/08/AR2005090801788.html Hughes Is Varnishing the Nation's Tarnish]</ref>


At the end of her tenure in the State Department, Hughes said that one of her greatest accomplishments had been "transforming [[public diplomacy]] and making it a [[national security]] priority central to everything we do in government".<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7071638.stm BBC NEWS | World | Americas | Key Bush image adviser to leave<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Hughes was the keynote speaker at the October 22, 2007, [[Public Relations Society of America]]'s International Conference and discussed, "Waging Peace -- The New Paradigm for Public Diplomacy." <ref>[http://www.prsa.org/conf2007/news/index.cfm?niid=5 2007 PRSA International Conference<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
At the end of her tenure in the State Department, Hughes said that one of her greatest accomplishments had been "transforming [[public diplomacy]] and making it a [[national security]] priority central to everything we do in government".<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7071638.stm BBC NEWS | World | Americas | Key Bush image adviser to leave]</ref> Hughes was the keynote speaker at the October 22, 2007, [[Public Relations Society of America]]'s International Conference and discussed, "Waging Peace The New Paradigm for Public Diplomacy."<ref>[http://www.prsa.org/conf2007/news/index.cfm?niid=5 2007 PRSA International Conference] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214221938/http://www.prsa.org/conf2007/news/index.cfm?niid=5 |date=December 14, 2007 }}</ref>


==2005 tour of the Middle East==
==2005 tour of the Middle East==
Starting with a September 26, 2005, stop in [[Egypt]], Hughes went on a "listening tour" of the [[Middle East]] to speak with leaders and people from the region.<ref>[http://www.state.gov/r/us/2005/54062.htm Briefing En Route Ankara, Turkey<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> This was a response to growing fears in America about rampant [[anti-Americanism]] in the Middle East. Hughes was the third person chosen for this task by President Bush, following unsuccessful attempts by [[Charlotte Beers]] and [[Margaret Tutwiler]].<ref>[http://www.slate.com/id/2127102/ Karen Hughes, Stay Home! - Slate]</ref> For her tour, Hughes asked two Citizen Ambassadors to accompany her: a college student, Tina Karima Daoud, and William O'Brien, a retired high school geography teacher.
Starting with a September 26, 2005, stop in Egypt, Hughes went on a "listening tour" of the Middle East to speak with leaders and people from the region.<ref>[https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/us/2005/54062.htm Briefing En Route Ankara, Turkey]</ref> This was a response to growing fears in America about rampant [[anti-Americanism]] in the Middle East. Hughes was the third person chosen for this task by President Bush, following unsuccessful attempts by [[Charlotte Beers]] and [[Margaret Tutwiler]].<ref>[http://www.slate.com/id/2127102/ Karen Hughes, Stay Home! Slate]</ref> For her tour, Hughes asked two Citizen Ambassadors to accompany her: a Georgetown PhD student, Tina Kareema Dauod, and William O'Brien, a retired high school geography teacher.


On her September 27 stop in [[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabia]], during a talk with female students, she expressed her wish that women could "fully participate in society" as they do in the United States. In response one of the women said, "The general image of the [[Arab]] woman is that she isn't happy [...] Well, we're all pretty happy."<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/28/international/middleeast/28hughes.html?ex=1187409600&en=253f58b29eb5383f&ei=5070 Saudi Women Have Message for U.S. Envoy - New York Times<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
On her September 27 stop in [[Jeddah]], Saudi Arabia, during a Q&A with students in which a student shared her appreciation of women being allowed to drive in the United States, Karen Hughes acknowledged that every country has to chart its own course and choose what's right for its own citizens, but also shared in the women's sentiment about the United States. Another woman shared: "The general image of the [[Arab]] woman is that she isn't happy [...] Well, we're all pretty happy."<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/28/international/middleeast/28hughes.html?ex=1187409600&en=253f58b29eb5383f&ei=5070 Saudi Women Have Message for U.S. Envoy New York Times]</ref>


In a press conference in [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]], Hughes incorrectly stated that [[Saddam Hussein]] "had murdered hundreds of thousands of his own people using poison gas."<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/21/AR2005102101870.html Hughes Misreports Iraqi History<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Conventional sources attest that Saddam did order the deaths of several hundred thousand Iraqis during the [[al-Anfal Campaign]] and other violent suppressions, but casualties from his infamous [[Halabja poison gas attack|gas attack on Halabja]] numbered in the thousands.
In a press conference in [[Jakarta]], Indonesia, Hughes incorrectly stated that [[Saddam Hussein]] "had murdered hundreds of thousands of his own people using poison gas."<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/21/AR2005102101870.html Hughes Misreports Iraqi History<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Conventional sources attest that Saddam did order the deaths of several hundred thousand Iraqis during the [[al-Anfal Campaign]] and other violent suppressions, but casualties from his infamous [[Halabja poison gas attack|gas attack on Halabja]] numbered in the thousands.


==Breast cancer research advocacy==
==Breast cancer research advocacy==
Hughes met business representatives from the [[United Arab Emirates]] (U.A.E.) to create the U.S.-U.A.E. Partnership for Breast Cancer Awareness and Research.
Hughes met business representatives from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to create the U.S.-U.A.E. Partnership for Breast Cancer Awareness and Research. It aims to develop [[breast cancer awareness]] campaigns and expand research in the Middle East by linking U.S. medical experts, fundraisers, health research activists, and businesses with their U.A.E. counterparts.<ref>[http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2006/November/20061101171410berehellek0.9478571.html State's Hughes Joins Dubai Businesswomen To Fight Breast Cancer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128122237/http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2006/November/20061101171410berehellek0.9478571.html |date=November 28, 2010 }}</ref>


==Post White House==
It will develop [[breast cancer awareness]] campaigns and expand research in the [[Middle East]] by linking U.S. medical experts, fundraisers, health research activists and businesses with their U.A.E. counterparts.<ref>[http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2006/November/20061101171410berehellek0.9478571.html State's Hughes Joins Dubai Businesswomen To Fight Breast Cancer<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
In late October 2007, Hughes made it known that she would be resigning from her position in the Bush White House.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7071638.stm BBC NEWS | Americas | Key Bush image adviser to leave]</ref> Secretary of State [[Condoleezza Rice]] was quoted as saying she accepted the resignation "with a great deal of sadness but also a great deal of happiness for what she has achieved."


Hughes is currently the global vice chair of [[Burson-Marsteller]], a public relations company.<ref>Burson-Marsteller (2009). [http://www.burson-marsteller.com/About_Us/Global_Leadership/Lists/Leadership/DispForm.aspx?ID=34 Karen Hughes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708105319/http://www.burson-marsteller.com/About_Us/Global_Leadership/Lists/Leadership/DispForm.aspx?ID=34 |date=July 8, 2011 }}. Retrieved April 14, 2009.</ref>
==Resignation==
In late October 2007, Hughes made it known that she would be resigning from her position in the Bush White House.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7071638.stm BBC NEWS | Americas | Key Bush image adviser to leave<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Secretary of State [[Condoleezza Rice]] was quoted as saying she accepted the resignation "with a great deal of sadness but also a great deal of happiness for what she has achieved."

Hughes is currently the global vice chair of [[Burson-Marsteller]], a public relations company.<ref>Burson-Marsteller (2009). [http://www.burson-marsteller.com/About_Us/Global_Leadership/Lists/Leadership/DispForm.aspx?ID=34 Karen Hughes]. Retrieved April 14, 2009.</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==Footnotes==
==Footnotes==
# Rootsweb.com. ''[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~battle/celeb/hughes.htm Record on Karen (Parfitt) Hughes]''.
# Rootsweb.com. ''[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~battle/celeb/hughes.htm Record on Karen (Parfitt) Hughes]''.
# Kerry Lauerman. ''[http://dir.salon.com/story/books/feature/2003/09/13/carlson/index.html You burn out fast when you demagogue]'', Salon.com, September 13, 2003.
# Kerry Lauerman. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20090512193301/http://dir.salon.com/story/books/feature/2003/09/13/carlson/index.html You burn out fast when you demagogue]'', Salon.com, September 13, 2003.
# Interview of Karen Hughes. ''[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0404/25/le.00.html Transcript of Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer]'', CNN.com, Aired April 5, 2004.
# Interview of Karen Hughes. ''[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0404/25/le.00.html Transcript of Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer]'', CNN.com, Aired April 5, 2004.
# Dana Milbank. ''[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/08/AR2005090801788.html Hughes is Varnishing the Nation's Tarnish]'', The Washington Post, September 9, 2005.
# Dana Milbank. ''[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/08/AR2005090801788.html Hughes is Varnishing the Nation's Tarnish]'', The Washington Post, September 9, 2005.
# Transcript of Interview of Bob Garfield. ''[http://www.onthemedia.org/transcripts/2007/06/01/01 Scuttle Diplomacy]'', On the Media, June 1, 2007.
# Transcript of Interview of Bob Garfield. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20070714181141/http://www.onthemedia.org/transcripts/2007/06/01/01 Scuttle Diplomacy]'', On the Media, June 1, 2007.
# U.S. Department of State Transcript. ''[http://www.state.gov/r/us/2005/54062.htm Briefing En Route Ankara, Turkey]''. September 26, 2005
# U.S. Department of State Transcript. ''[https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/us/2005/54062.htm Briefing En Route Ankara, Turkey]''. September 26, 2005
# Steven R. Weisman. ''[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/28/international/middleeast/28hughes.html Saudi Women Have Message for U.S. Envoy]'', New York Times, September 28, 2005.
# Steven R. Weisman. ''[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/28/international/middleeast/28hughes.html Saudi Women Have Message for U.S. Envoy]'', New York Times, September 28, 2005.
# Alan Sipress. ''[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/21/AR2005102101870.html Hughes Misreports Iraqi History]'', Washington Post, October 22, 2005.
# Alan Sipress. ''[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/21/AR2005102101870.html Hughes Misreports Iraqi History]'', Washington Post, October 22, 2005.
# Elizabeth Kelleher. ''[http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2006/November/20061101171410berehellek0.9478571.html State's Hughes Joins Dubai Businesswomen To Fight Breast Cancer]'', U.S. Department of State, November 1, 2006.
# Elizabeth Kelleher. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20101128122237/http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2006/November/20061101171410berehellek0.9478571.html State's Hughes Joins Dubai Businesswomen To Fight Breast Cancer]'', U.S. Department of State, November 1, 2006.
# USME Partnership for Breast Cancer Awareness and Research. ''[http://www.bcpartnership.org US Middle East Partnership Website]''.
# USME Partnership for Breast Cancer Awareness and Research. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305043646/http://bcpartnership.org/ US Middle East Partnership Website]''.


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{commons category}}
* [http://uscpublicdiplomacy.com/index.php/newsroom/specialreports_detail/karen_hughes_appointment_as_undersecretary_of_state_for_public_diplomacy/ Special Report] on Karen Hughes' nomination to Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy
* [http://uscpublicdiplomacy.com/index.php/newsroom/specialreports_detail/karen_hughes_appointment_as_undersecretary_of_state_for_public_diplomacy/ Special Report] on Karen Hughes' nomination to Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy
* [http://wiki.uscpublicdiplomacy.com/mediawiki/index.php/Main_Page USC Center on Public Diplomacy Wiki] [http://wiki.uscpublicdiplomacy.com/mediawiki/index.php/Karen_Hughes profile] on Hughes and her new [http://wiki.uscpublicdiplomacy.com/mediawiki/index.php/Under_Secretary position]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051123234717/http://wiki.uscpublicdiplomacy.com/mediawiki/index.php/Main_Page USC Center on Public Diplomacy Wiki] [https://web.archive.org/web/20060513220355/http://wiki.uscpublicdiplomacy.com/mediawiki/index.php/Karen_Hughes profile] on Hughes and her new [https://web.archive.org/web/20060311044244/http://wiki.uscpublicdiplomacy.com/mediawiki/index.php/Under_Secretary position]
* [http://www.state.gov/r/us/2005/49967.htm Testimony] at confirmation hearing before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Washington, DC (July 22, 2005)
* [https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/us/2005/49967.htm Testimony] at confirmation hearing before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Washington, DC (July 22, 2005)
* [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/media/jan-june05/hughes_3-16.html Marketing America] (March 16, 2005) PBS Online NewsHour featuring Karen Hughes.
* [https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/media/jan-june05/hughes_3-16.html Marketing America] (March 16, 2005) PBS Online NewsHour featuring Karen Hughes.
* [http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Karen_P._Hughes Profile: Karen Hughes], [[SourceWatch]]
* [http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Karen_P._Hughes Profile: Karen Hughes], [[SourceWatch]]
* [http://antiwar.com/orig/giraldi.php?articleid=10632 Karen Hughes] and the collapse of American public diplomacy
* [http://antiwar.com/orig/giraldi.php?articleid=10632 Karen Hughes] and the collapse of American public diplomacy
* [http://www.prsa.org/conf2007/news/index.cfm?niid=5 Karen Hughes Addresses PRSA]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071214221938/http://www.prsa.org/conf2007/news/index.cfm?niid=5 Karen Hughes Addresses PRSA]
* [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/31865401/ns/meet_the_press Karen Hughes on 'Meet the Press'] (July 12, 2009)
* [http://www.nbcnews.com/id/31865401 Karen Hughes on 'Meet the Press'] (July 12, 2009)
* {{C-SPAN|84528}}

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[[Category:1956 births]]
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[[Category:American political consultants]]
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[[Category:American Presbyterians]]
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[[Category:American women diplomats]]
[[Category:Counselors to the President]]
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[[Category:Female diplomats]]
[[Category:George W. Bush administration personnel]]
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[[Category:Harvard Institute of Politics]]
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[[Category:Living people]]
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Latest revision as of 10:32, 3 July 2024

Karen Hughes
4th Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs
In office
July 29, 2005 – December 14, 2007
PresidentGeorge W. Bush
Preceded byMargaret D. Tutwiler
Succeeded byJames K. Glassman
Counselor to the President
In office
January 20, 2001 – July 8, 2002
PresidentGeorge W. Bush
Preceded byAnn Lewis
Succeeded byDan Bartlett (2005)
White House Communications Director
In office
January 20, 2001 – October 2, 2001
PresidentGeorge W. Bush
Preceded byLoretta Ucelli
Succeeded byDan Bartlett
Personal details
Born
Karen Parfitt

(1956-12-27) December 27, 1956 (age 67)
Paris, France
Political partyRepublican
EducationSouthern Methodist University (BA)

Karen Parfitt Hughes (born December 27, 1956) is the global vice chair of the public relations firm Burson-Marsteller. She served as the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs in the U.S. Department of State and as a counselor to President George W. Bush.

Early life

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Born in Paris, France, Hughes is the daughter of American parents Patricia Rose (Scully) and Harold Parfitt,[1] the last U.S. Governor of the Panama Canal Zone. After graduating from W. T. White High School in Dallas, Texas, Hughes earned a bachelor's degree at Southern Methodist University in 1977 where she was a member of Alpha Delta Pi sorority. She is of partial Irish and English descent.

Early career

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Hughes worked as a television news reporter from 1977 to 1984. As a reporter, Hughes followed the 1980 presidential campaign. In 1984, she went to work as the Texas press coordinator for the Reagan-Bush campaign in the 1984 United States presidential election. She later became executive director of the Republican Party of Texas.

White House

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Karen Hughes with First Lady Laura Bush, June 28, 2002

Since 1994, Hughes has worked with George W. Bush, first as director of his campaign for the office of governor of Texas, and then as a counselor from 2001 to 2002, while he was President of the United States.

Hughes left the Bush administration in July 2002 to return to Texas, but remained in daily contact with the Bush reelection campaign by telephone and e-mail, and spoke personally with Bush several times a week. In August 2004, Hughes returned to full-time service with the Bush campaign, setting up office on Air Force One, from where she planned the 2004 Republican National Convention and the late stages of the 2004 election. She has been praised by The Dallas Morning News as "the most powerful woman ever to serve in the White House", and by ABC News as Bush's "most essential advisor."

Ten Minutes from Normal

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In March 2004, Hughes published Ten Minutes from Normal, which includes an account of her decision to leave the White House. While promoting her book, she appeared on CNN on April 25, 2004 – the same day as the March for Women's Lives – and said "I think after September 11th the American people are valuing life more and realizing that we need policies to value the dignity and worth of every life. And President Bush has worked to say, let's be reasonable, let's work to value life, let's try to reduce the number of abortions, let's increase adoptions. And I think those are the kind of policies that the American people can support, particularly at a time when we're facing an enemy, and really the fundamental difference between us and the terror network we fight is that we value every life. It's the founding conviction of our country, that we're endowed by our creator with certain unalienable rights, the right to life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness."[2]

State Department

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Karen Hughes (L) at White House luncheon with President George Bush (C) and United States National Security Advisor and United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice (R).

On March 14, 2005, Bush announced his intention to nominate Hughes for the undersecretary of state for public diplomacy with the rank of ambassador — a job focused on changing foreigners' perceptions about America. The Senate confirmed her nomination in July 2005.[3] In her new capacity, Hughes spoke of improving the world's perception of the United States via creation of a "rapid-response unit" and a plan to "forward-deploy regional SWAT teams". During a town hall meeting on September 8, 2005, a State Department employee complained that "recently, we've had tremendous amount of difficulty in some cases getting clearance for our ambassadors to speak." Hughes replied, "If they make statements based on something I sent them, they're not going to be called on the carpet."[4]

At the end of her tenure in the State Department, Hughes said that one of her greatest accomplishments had been "transforming public diplomacy and making it a national security priority central to everything we do in government".[5] Hughes was the keynote speaker at the October 22, 2007, Public Relations Society of America's International Conference and discussed, "Waging Peace – The New Paradigm for Public Diplomacy."[6]

2005 tour of the Middle East

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Starting with a September 26, 2005, stop in Egypt, Hughes went on a "listening tour" of the Middle East to speak with leaders and people from the region.[7] This was a response to growing fears in America about rampant anti-Americanism in the Middle East. Hughes was the third person chosen for this task by President Bush, following unsuccessful attempts by Charlotte Beers and Margaret Tutwiler.[8] For her tour, Hughes asked two Citizen Ambassadors to accompany her: a Georgetown PhD student, Tina Kareema Dauod, and William O'Brien, a retired high school geography teacher.

On her September 27 stop in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, during a Q&A with students in which a student shared her appreciation of women being allowed to drive in the United States, Karen Hughes acknowledged that every country has to chart its own course and choose what's right for its own citizens, but also shared in the women's sentiment about the United States. Another woman shared: "The general image of the Arab woman is that she isn't happy [...] Well, we're all pretty happy."[9]

In a press conference in Jakarta, Indonesia, Hughes incorrectly stated that Saddam Hussein "had murdered hundreds of thousands of his own people using poison gas."[10] Conventional sources attest that Saddam did order the deaths of several hundred thousand Iraqis during the al-Anfal Campaign and other violent suppressions, but casualties from his infamous gas attack on Halabja numbered in the thousands.

Breast cancer research advocacy

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Hughes met business representatives from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to create the U.S.-U.A.E. Partnership for Breast Cancer Awareness and Research. It aims to develop breast cancer awareness campaigns and expand research in the Middle East by linking U.S. medical experts, fundraisers, health research activists, and businesses with their U.A.E. counterparts.[11]

Post White House

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In late October 2007, Hughes made it known that she would be resigning from her position in the Bush White House.[12] Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice was quoted as saying she accepted the resignation "with a great deal of sadness but also a great deal of happiness for what she has achieved."

Hughes is currently the global vice chair of Burson-Marsteller, a public relations company.[13]

References

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  1. ^ "1". freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com. Archived from the original on November 12, 2007.
  2. ^ CNN.com – Transcripts
  3. ^ "Karen Hughes Confirmed for State Dept. Post". The Washington Post.
  4. ^ Hughes Is Varnishing the Nation's Tarnish
  5. ^ BBC NEWS | World | Americas | Key Bush image adviser to leave
  6. ^ 2007 PRSA International Conference Archived December 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Briefing En Route Ankara, Turkey
  8. ^ Karen Hughes, Stay Home! – Slate
  9. ^ Saudi Women Have Message for U.S. Envoy – New York Times
  10. ^ Hughes Misreports Iraqi History
  11. ^ State's Hughes Joins Dubai Businesswomen To Fight Breast Cancer Archived November 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ BBC NEWS | Americas | Key Bush image adviser to leave
  13. ^ Burson-Marsteller (2009). Karen Hughes Archived July 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 14, 2009.

Footnotes

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  1. Rootsweb.com. Record on Karen (Parfitt) Hughes.
  2. Kerry Lauerman. You burn out fast when you demagogue, Salon.com, September 13, 2003.
  3. Interview of Karen Hughes. Transcript of Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer, CNN.com, Aired April 5, 2004.
  4. Dana Milbank. Hughes is Varnishing the Nation's Tarnish, The Washington Post, September 9, 2005.
  5. Transcript of Interview of Bob Garfield. Scuttle Diplomacy, On the Media, June 1, 2007.
  6. U.S. Department of State Transcript. Briefing En Route Ankara, Turkey. September 26, 2005
  7. Steven R. Weisman. Saudi Women Have Message for U.S. Envoy, New York Times, September 28, 2005.
  8. Alan Sipress. Hughes Misreports Iraqi History, Washington Post, October 22, 2005.
  9. Elizabeth Kelleher. State's Hughes Joins Dubai Businesswomen To Fight Breast Cancer, U.S. Department of State, November 1, 2006.
  10. USME Partnership for Breast Cancer Awareness and Research. US Middle East Partnership Website.
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by White House Director of Communications
2001
Succeeded by
Preceded by Counselor to the President
2001–2002
Preceded by Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs
2005–2007
Succeeded by