Jump to content

Äynu people: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎References: rmv pearent Category:Islam in China
Added Ili Turks to related ethnic groups based on linguistic factors
 
(32 intermediate revisions by 22 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Turkic ethnic group in Xinjiang, China}}
{{Distinguish|Ainu people}}
{{Distinguish|Ainu people}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
{{Infobox ethnic group
Line 5: Line 6:
| native_name_lang = aib
| native_name_lang = aib
| population = 30,000–50,000
| population = 30,000–50,000
| popplace = {{flagdeco|PRC}} [[China]] (primarily [[Xinjiang]])
| popplace = [[Xinjiang]], China
| languages = [[Äynu language|Äynu]], [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]]
| languages = [[Äynu language|Äynu]], [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] and [[Standard Chinese]]
| religions = Majority: [[Shia Islam]], [[Alevi]]
| religions = Majority: [[Alevism|Alevi]]<br/>Minority: [[Sunni Islam]]
⚫
| related_groups = [[Persians]], [[Uyghurs]], [[Ili Turks]], other [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] and [[Iranic peoples]]
*
Minority: [[Sunni Islam]]
⚫
| related_groups = [[Persians]], [[Uyghurs]], other [[Turkic peoples]] and [[Iranic peoples]]
}}
}}
The '''Äynu''' (also '''Ainu''', '''Abdal''' and '''Aini''') are an [[Unrecognized ethnic groups in China|unrecognized ethnic group]] native to the [[Xinjiang]] region of Western [[China]]. They belong to the [[Alevism|Alevi sect of Islam]].<ref name="KAM" /><ref name="WHIT" /><ref name="XIN" /> There are estimated to be around 30,000 to 50,000 Äynu people, mostly located on the fringe of the [[Taklamakan Desert]].<ref name="Johanson">{{cite document
The '''Äynu''' (also '''Ainu''', '''Abdal''' or '''Aini''') are a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic people]] native to the [[Xinjiang]] region of [[China]], where they are an [[Unrecognized ethnic groups in China|unrecognized ethnic group]] legally counted as [[Uyghurs]]. They speak the [[Äynu language]] and mainly adhere to [[Alevism]].<ref name="KAM" /><ref name="WHIT" /><ref name="XIN" /> There are estimated to be around 30,000 to 50,000 Äynu people, mostly located on the fringe of the [[Taklamakan Desert]].<ref name="Johanson">{{cite journal
| last = Johanson
| last = Johanson
| first = Lars
| first = Lars
Line 18: Line 17:
| title = Discoveries on the Turkic Linguistic Map
| title = Discoveries on the Turkic Linguistic Map
| publisher = Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul
| publisher = Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul
| journal = Skrifter
| volume = 5
| volume = 5
| location = Stockholm
| location = Stockholm
Line 49: Line 49:
The Äynu at some point converted to Islam in tandem with the Uyghurs. Tension with the Uyghurs and other Turkic peoples of the area resulted in them being pushed out to the less fertile region of the [[Tarim Basin]] near the [[Taklamakan Desert]].<ref name=":0" />
The Äynu at some point converted to Islam in tandem with the Uyghurs. Tension with the Uyghurs and other Turkic peoples of the area resulted in them being pushed out to the less fertile region of the [[Tarim Basin]] near the [[Taklamakan Desert]].<ref name=":0" />


The Äynu joined the rebellion of [[Yaqub Beg|Yakub Beg]] around 1864 against [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] rule. In the 1930s, the Äynu joined the [[Kumul Rebellion|Kumul rebellion]]. After the [[Chinese Communist Revolution|establishment of the Communist state]] in 1949, certain ethnic groups were given recognition by the state and allowed more cultural freedom. The Äynu applied to be recognized as a distinct ethnic group but were rejected and the state chose to count them as Uyghurs instead.<ref name=":0" />
The Äynu joined the rebellion of [[Yakub Beg of Yettishar|Yakub Beg]] around 1864 against [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] rule. In the 1930s, the Äynu joined the [[Kumul Rebellion|Kumul rebellion]]. After the [[Chinese Communist Revolution|establishment of the Communist state]] in 1949, certain ethnic groups were given recognition by the state and allowed more cultural freedom. The Äynu applied to be recognized as a distinct ethnic group but were rejected and the state chose to count them as Uyghurs instead.<ref name=":0" />


== Language ==
== Language ==
{{main|Äynu language}}
{{main|Äynu language}}
The Äynu people's native language is Äynu, a [[Turkic languages|Turkic language]] with a strong influence from [[Iranian languages|Persian]].<ref name="Johanson" /> [[Äynu language|Äynu]] is usually only spoken at home, while [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] is spoken in public, by Äynu men and women alike.
The Äynu people's native language is Äynu, a [[Turkic languages|Turkic language]] with a strong influence from [[Iranian languages|Persian]].<ref name="Johanson" /> [[Äynu language|Äynu]] is usually only spoken at home, while [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] is spoken in public, by Äynu men and women alike.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}


== Culture ==
== Culture ==
Line 61: Line 61:


=== Discrimination ===
=== Discrimination ===
There is a tradition of discrimination against the Äynu by their neighbors, who identify the Äynu as ''Abdal,'' a name which carries a derogatory meaning.<ref name="Johanson" /> Intermarriage with their neighbors the [[Uyghurs|Uyghur people]] is uncommon.<ref name="Ethnologue">{{cite book
There is a tradition of discrimination against the Äynu by their neighbors, who identify the Äynu as ''Abdal'', a name which carries a derogatory meaning.<ref name="Johanson" /> Intermarriage with their neighbors the [[Uyghurs|Uyghur people]] is uncommon.<ref name="Ethnologue">{{cite book
| editor1-last = Gordon
| editor1-last = Gordon
| editor1-first = Raymond G., Jr.
| editor1-first = Raymond G. Jr.
| year = 2005
| year = 2005
| title = Ethnologue: Languages of the World
| title = Ethnologue: Languages of the World
Line 73: Line 73:


=== Religion ===
=== Religion ===
The predominant religion of Äynu people is [[Alevism|Alevi Islam]]<ref name="KAM">{{cite book |last = Louie |first =Kam |title = The Cambridge Companion to Modern Chinese Culture |publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn = 978-0521863223 |page = 114 |year = 2008}}</ref><ref name="XIN">{{cite book |last = Starr |first =S. Frederick |title = Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland: China's Muslim Borderland |publisher = [[Routledge]] |isbn = 978-0765613189 |page = 303 |year = 2004}}</ref><ref name="WHIT">{{cite web|url=https://arminda.whitman.edu/theses/240 |title=Mummy dearest : questions of identity in modern and ancient Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region|date=9 May 2012 |publisher=Alyssa Christine Bader [[Whitman College]] p31 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> although a few profess [[Sunni Islam]].<ref name=":0" />
The predominant religion of Äynu people is [[Alevism]], a tradition identified with [[Shia Islam]],<ref name="KAM">{{cite book|last = Louie|first =Kam|title = The Cambridge Companion to Modern Chinese Culture|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn = 978-0521863223|page = 114|year = 2008}}</ref><ref name="XIN">{{cite book|last = Starr|first =S. Frederick|title = Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland: China's Muslim Borderland|publisher = [[Routledge]]|isbn = 978-0765613189|page = 303|year = 2004}}</ref><ref name="WHIT">{{cite web|url=https://arminda.whitman.edu/theses/240|title=Mummy dearest : questions of identity in modern and ancient Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region|date=9 May 2012|publisher=Alyssa Christine Bader [[Whitman College]] p31|access-date=19 November 2020|last1=Bader|first1=Alyssa Christine}}</ref> although a few profess [[Sunni Islam]].<ref name=":0" />


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Turkic peoples}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Aynu People}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aynu People}}
[[Category:Turkic peoples of Asia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Xinjiang]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Xinjiang]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of China]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of China]]
[[Category:Alevism]]
[[Category:Alevism]]



{{ethno-stub}}
{{ethno-stub}}

Latest revision as of 18:42, 3 July 2024

Not to be confused with Ainu people.
Äynu
ئەينۇ
Total population
30,000–50,000
Regions with significant populations
Xinjiang, China
Languages
Äynu, Uyghur and Standard Chinese
Religion
Majority: Alevi
Minority: Sunni Islam
Related ethnic groups
Persians, Uyghurs, Ili Turks, other Turkic and Iranic peoples

The Äynu (also Ainu, Abdal or Aini) are a Turkic people native to the Xinjiang region of China, where they are an unrecognized ethnic group legally counted as Uyghurs. They speak the Äynu language and mainly adhere to Alevism.[1][2][3] There are estimated to be around 30,000 to 50,000 Äynu people, mostly located on the fringe of the Taklamakan Desert.[4][5]

History

[edit]

The origins of the Äynu people are disputed. Some historians theorize that the ancestors of the Äynu were an Iranian-related nomadic people who came from Persia several hundred years ago or more,[6] while others conclude that the Persian vocabulary of the Äynu language is a result of Iranian languages being once the major trade languages of the region or Persian traders intermarrying with local women.[7]

The Äynu at some point converted to Islam in tandem with the Uyghurs. Tension with the Uyghurs and other Turkic peoples of the area resulted in them being pushed out to the less fertile region of the Tarim Basin near the Taklamakan Desert.[5]

The Äynu joined the rebellion of Yakub Beg around 1864 against Qing rule. In the 1930s, the Äynu joined the Kumul rebellion. After the establishment of the Communist state in 1949, certain ethnic groups were given recognition by the state and allowed more cultural freedom. The Äynu applied to be recognized as a distinct ethnic group but were rejected and the state chose to count them as Uyghurs instead.[5]

Language

[edit]
Main article: Äynu language

The Äynu people's native language is Äynu, a Turkic language with a strong influence from Persian.[4] Äynu is usually only spoken at home, while Uyghur is spoken in public, by Äynu men and women alike.[citation needed]

Culture

[edit]

Livelihood

[edit]

The Äynu people engage mostly in agriculture, animal husbandry or work in the construction industry in the cities. A few also fish or hunt. In the past some were peddlers, circumcisers or beggars.[4][5]

Discrimination

[edit]

There is a tradition of discrimination against the Äynu by their neighbors, who identify the Äynu as Abdal, a name which carries a derogatory meaning.[4] Intermarriage with their neighbors the Uyghur people is uncommon.[8] The Chinese government counts the Äynu people as Uyghur.[8]

Religion

[edit]

The predominant religion of Äynu people is Alevism, a tradition identified with Shia Islam,[1][3][2] although a few profess Sunni Islam.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Louie, Kam (2008). The Cambridge Companion to Modern Chinese Culture. Cambridge University Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0521863223.
  2. ^ a b Bader, Alyssa Christine (9 May 2012). "Mummy dearest : questions of identity in modern and ancient Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region". Alyssa Christine Bader Whitman College p31. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  3. ^ a b Starr, S. Frederick (2004). Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland: China's Muslim Borderland. Routledge. p. 303. ISBN 978-0765613189.
  4. ^ a b c d Johanson, Lars (2001). "Discoveries on the Turkic Linguistic Map" (PDF). Skrifter. 5. Stockholm: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul: 21–22.
  5. ^ a b c d e Minahan, James B. (2014). Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 14–15. ISBN 9781610690188.
  6. ^ Safran, William (1998). Nationalism and Ethnoregional Identities in China. Routledge. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-7146-4921-4.
  7. ^ Matras, Yaron; Bakker, Peter (2003). The Mixed Language Debate: Theoretical and Empirical Advances. Walter de Gruyter. p. 9. ISBN 3-11-017776-5.
  8. ^ a b Gordon, Raymond G. Jr., ed. (2005). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (15th ed.). Dallas, Tex.: SIL International.


Stub icon

This article about ethnicity is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Äynu_people&oldid=1232436804"