Dendragapus: Difference between revisions

Dendragapus
	Male dusky grouse displaying, Yellowstone NP; note purple air sac and red eye wattle.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Galliformes
Family:	Phasianidae
Tribe:	Tetraonini
Genus:	Dendragapus; Elliot, 1864
Type species
	Tetrao obscurus;
Species
	Dusky grouse Dendragapus obscurus; Sooty grouse Dendragapus fuliginosus
Synonyms
	Palaeotetrix

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 19:51, 3 July 2024

The genus Dendragapus contains two closely related species of grouse that have often been treated as a single variable taxon (blue grouse). The two species are the dusky grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) and the sooty grouse (Dendragapus fuliginosus).^[1] In addition, the spruce grouse and Siberian grouse have been considered part of this genus.

Description[edit]

These are large grouse that inhabit highland regions of North America and Eurasia. The sooty grouse is found in the Pacific Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada, and the dusky grouse in the Rocky Mountains.^[2]^[3]^[4] These two taxa were originally regarded as separate species, but were considered conspecific for much of the twentieth century. However, in 2006 the American Ornithologists' Union re-split them,^[1] following the DNA-based work of Barrowclough et al. (2004).^[5] whose results supported the earlier work of Brooks (1929)^[6] who regarded the two taxa as separate species based on morphology, behavior and vocalizations. The precise ranges of the two species are well-defined in the south, separated by extensive areas of unsuitable forest-free habitat, but somewhat uncertain in the north of the range of the genus where there is no separation; Barrowclough et al.'s study did not include these northern populations.

Adults have a long square tail, gray at the end (lighter in the sooty grouse). Adult males are mainly dark (especially sooty grouse) with a yellow (sooty grouse) or purplish (dusky grouse) throat air sac surrounded by white, and a yellow (sooty grouse) or yellow-to-red (dusky grouse) wattle over the eye during display. Adult females of both species are mottled brown with dark brown and white marks on the underparts.^[4]

Their breeding habitat is the edges of conifer and mixed forests in mountainous regions of North America and Eurasia. Their range is closely associated with that of various conifers. The nest is a scrape on the ground concealed under a shrub or log.

All species have healthy populations, except for some population decline and habitat loss of the sooty grouse at the southern end of its range in southern California,^[2] and the Siberian grouse which is considered near-threatened.

Species[edit]

Extant Species[edit]

Genus **Dendragapus** – Elliot, 1864 – two species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Dusky grouse Male Female	Dendragapus obscurus (Say, 1822) Four subspecies D. o. obscurus (Say, 1822) D. o. oreinus (Behle & Selander, 1951) D. o. pallidus (Swarth, 1931) D. o. richardsonii (Douglas, 1829)	the Rocky Mountains in North America	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Sooty grouse Male Female	Dendragapus fuliginosus (Ridgway, 1873) Four subspecies D. f. fuliginosus (Ridgway, 1873) D. f. howardi (Dickey & Van Rossem, 1923) D. f. sierrae (Chapman, 1904) D. f. sitkensis (Swarth, 1921)	from southeastern Alaska and Yukon south to California	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC

Fossils[edit]

Late Pleistocene fossil species that have been described are Dendragapus gilli (western and west-central US), initially placed in a distinct genus Palaeotetrix, and Dendragapus lucasi (known only from Fossil Lake, US).

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b Banks, R. C.; Cicero, C.; Dunn, J. L.; Kratter, A. W.; Rasmussen, P. C.; Remsen, J. V. Jr.; Rising, J. D.; Stotz, D. F. (2006). "Forty-seventh Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds" (PDF). The Auk. 123 (3): 926–936. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[926:FSTTAO]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0004-8038. Retrieved 2007-09-16.
^ ^a ^b del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J., eds. (1994). Handbook of the Birds of the World 2: 401–402. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona ISBN 84-87334-15-6.
^ Zwickel, Fred C.; Bendell, James F. (2004). Blue Grouse: Their Biology and Natural History. Ottawa: NRC Research Press. ISBN 978-0-660-19271-0. Archived from the original on 2007-12-25. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
^ ^a ^b Sibley, D. (2000). The Sibley Guide to Birds. Knopf. pp. 143. ISBN 0-679-45122-6.
^ Barrowclough, G. F.; Groth, J. G.; Mertz, L. A. & Gutierrez, R. J. (2004). "Phylogeographic structure, gene flow and species status in Blue Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus)" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 13 (7): 1911–1922. Bibcode:2004MolEc..13.1911B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02215.x. PMID 15189213. S2CID 20762207. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-13.
^ Brooks, A. (1929). "On Dendragapus obscurus obscurus" (PDF). The Auk. 46 (1): 111–113. doi:10.2307/4075798. JSTOR 4075798.

[AOU-1] Banks, R. C.; Cicero, C.; Dunn, J. L.; Kratter, A. W.; Rasmussen, P. C.; Remsen, J. V. Jr.; Rising, J. D.; Stotz, D. F. (2006). "Forty-seventh Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds" (PDF). The Auk. 123 (3): 926–936. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[926:FSTTAO]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0004-8038. Retrieved 2007-09-16.

[hbw-2] Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J., eds. (1994). Handbook of the Birds of the World 2: 401–402. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona ISBN 84-87334-15-6.

[Zwickel-3] Zwickel, Fred C.; Bendell, James F. (2004). Blue Grouse: Their Biology and Natural History. Ottawa: NRC Research Press. ISBN 978-0-660-19271-0. Archived from the original on 2007-12-25. Retrieved 2008-05-08.

[Sibley-4] Sibley, D. (2000). The Sibley Guide to Birds. Knopf. pp. 143. ISBN 0-679-45122-6.

[j1-5] Barrowclough, G. F.; Groth, J. G.; Mertz, L. A. & Gutierrez, R. J. (2004). "Phylogeographic structure, gene flow and species status in Blue Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus)" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 13 (7): 1911–1922. Bibcode:2004MolEc..13.1911B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02215.x. PMID 15189213. S2CID 20762207. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-13.

[j2-6] Brooks, A. (1929). "On Dendragapus obscurus obscurus" (PDF). The Auk. 46 (1): 111–113. doi:10.2307/4075798. JSTOR 4075798.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
-{{italictitle}}
+{{Automatic taxobox
-{{Taxobox
-| name = Blue grouse
 | image = Dendragapus obscurus USNPS.jpg
-| image_width = 240px
 | image_caption = Male dusky grouse displaying, Yellowstone NP; note purple air sac and red eye wattle.
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
+| taxon = Dendragapus
+| authority = [[Daniel Giraud Elliot|Elliot]], 1864
-| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
+| type_species = ''[[Dusky Grouse|Tetrao obscurus]]''
-| classis = [[Bird|Aves]]
-| ordo = [[Galliformes]]
-| familia = [[Grouse|Phasianidae]]
-| subfamilia = [[Tetraoninae]]
-| genus = '''''Dendragapus'''''
-| genus_authority = [[Daniel Giraud Elliot|Elliot]], 1864
 | subdivision_ranks = Species
-| subdivision =
+| subdivision = [[Dusky grouse]] ''Dendragapus obscurus''<br />
-[[Dusky grouse]] ''Dendragapus obscurus''<br>
 [[Sooty grouse]] ''Dendragapus fuliginosus''
-| synonyms =
+| synonyms = ''Palaeotetrix''
-''Palaeotetrix''
 }}
-The genus '''''Dendragapus'''''  contains two closely related species of grouse that have often been treated as a single variable taxon (blue grouse). The two species are the [[dusky grouse]] (''Dendragapus obscurus'') and the [[sooty grouse]] (''Dendragapus fuliginosus'').<ref name="AOU">{{cite journal | last=Banks | first=R. C. | coauthors=Cicero, C., Dunn, J. L., Kratter, A. W., Rasmussen, P. C., Remsen, J. V., Jr., Rising, J. D., & Stotz, D. F. | title=Forty-seventh Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds | journal=The Auk | year=2006 | volume=123 | issue=3 | pages= 926–936 | url = http://www.aou.org/checklist/suppl/AOU_checklist_suppl_47.pdf  | accessdate =  2007-09-16 | doi=10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[926:FSTTAO]2.0.CO;2 | issn=0004-8038}}</ref>  In addition, the [[spruce grouse]] and [[Siberian grouse]] have been considered part of this genus.
+The genus '''''Dendragapus'''''  contains two closely related [[species]] of grouse that have often been treated as a single variable taxon (blue grouse). The two species are the [[dusky grouse]] (''Dendragapus obscurus'') and the [[sooty grouse]] (''Dendragapus fuliginosus'').<ref name="AOU">{{cite journal | last=Banks | first=R. C. |author2=Cicero, C. |author3=Dunn, J. L. |author4=Kratter, A. W. |author5=Rasmussen, P. C. |author6=Remsen, J. V. Jr. |author7=Rising, J. D. |author8=Stotz, D. F. | title=Forty-seventh Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds | journal=The Auk | year=2006 | volume=123 | issue=3 | pages= 926–936 | url = http://www.aou.org/checklist/suppl/AOU_checklist_suppl_47.pdf  | access-date =  2007-09-16 | doi=10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[926:FSTTAO]2.0.CO;2 | issn=0004-8038| doi-access=free }}</ref>  In addition, the [[spruce grouse]] and [[Siberian grouse]] have been considered part of this genus.
-The blue grouse is one of wild game bird hunters' more challenging prey because it generally requires hiking into higher mountain areas to find and pursue.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}
 [[File:Dendragapus fuliginosus 5523.JPG|left|upright|thumb|Females of both species (sooty grouse pictured) are mottled brown with dark brown and white marks on the underparts.]]
 [[File:Dendragapus fuliginosus 5076.JPG|left|thumb|In breeding plumage, this sooty grouse male is typical of the species. It is dark grey with a yellow wattle over the eye. The tail is long and black with a square pale gray tip.]]
 ==Description==
-These are large [[grouse]] that inhabit highland regions of North America and Eurasia. The sooty grouse is found in the [[Pacific Coast Ranges]] and [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]], and the dusky grouse in the [[Rocky Mountains]].<ref name=hbw/><ref name="Zwickel"/><ref name=Sibley/> These two taxa were originally regarded as separate species, but were considered conspecific for much of the twentieth century. However, in 2006 the [[American Ornithologists' Union]] re-split them,<ref name="AOU"/> following the DNA-based work of Barrowclough et al. (2004).<ref name=j1/> whose results supported the earlier work of Brooks (1929)<ref name=j2/> who regarded the two taxa as separate species based on morphology, behavior and vocalizations. The precise ranges of the two species are well-defined in the south, separated by extensive areas of unsuitable forest-free habitat, but somewhat uncertain in the north of the range of the genus where there is no separation; Barrowclough et al.'s study did not include these northern populations.
+These are large [[grouse]] that inhabit highland regions of [[North America]] and [[Eurasia]]. The sooty grouse is found in the [[Pacific Coast Ranges]] and [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]], and the dusky grouse in the [[Rocky Mountains]].<ref name=hbw/><ref name="Zwickel"/><ref name=Sibley/> These two taxa were originally regarded as separate species, but were considered conspecific for much of the twentieth century. However, in 2006 the [[American Ornithologists' Union]] re-split them,<ref name="AOU"/> following the DNA-based work of Barrowclough et al. (2004).<ref name=j1/> whose results supported the earlier work of Brooks (1929)<ref name=j2/> who regarded the two taxa as separate species based on morphology, behavior and vocalizations. The precise ranges of the two species are well-defined in the south, separated by extensive areas of unsuitable forest-free habitat, but somewhat uncertain in the north of the range of the genus where there is no separation; Barrowclough et al.'s study did not include these northern populations.
 Adults have a long square tail, gray at the end (lighter in the sooty grouse). Adult males are mainly dark (especially sooty grouse) with a yellow (sooty grouse) or purplish (dusky grouse) [[throat sac|throat air sac]] surrounded by white, and a yellow (sooty grouse) or yellow-to-red (dusky grouse) wattle over the eye during [[display (zoology)|display]]. Adult females of both species are mottled brown with dark brown and white marks on the underparts.<ref name=Sibley/>
@@ Line 33: / Line 24: @@
 Their breeding habitat is the edges of [[conifer]] and mixed forests in mountainous regions of [[North America]] and Eurasia. Their range is closely associated with that of various conifers. The nest is a scrape on the ground concealed under a shrub or log.
-All species have healthy populations, except for some population decline and habitat loss of the sooty grouse at the southern end of its range in southern California.,<ref name=hbw/> and the Siberian grouse which is considered near-threatened.
+All species have healthy populations, except for some population decline and habitat loss of the sooty grouse at the southern end of its range in southern California,<ref name=hbw/> and the Siberian grouse which is considered near-threatened.
-==Fossils==
+==Species==
+===Extant Species===
-[[Late Pleistocene]] [[fossil]] species that have been described are ''Dendragapus gilli'' (western and west-central USA), initially placed in a distinct genus '''''Palaeotetrix'''''<!-- Condor69:24 -->, and ''Dendragapus lucasi'' (known only from Fossil Lake, USA).
+{{Species table |genus=Dendragapus  |authority-name=[[Daniel Giraud Elliot|Elliot]]|authority-year=1864 |species-count=two|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}
+{{Species table/row
+|name=Dusky grouse |binomial=[[Dendragapus obscurus]]
+|image=File:Dendragapus obscurus USNPS.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
+|image2 =File:084 - DUSKY GROUSE (8-23-12) uncompahgre nat for, gunnison co, co (4) (8719896661).jpg|image2-caption=Female
+|authority-name=Say |authority-year=1822 |authority-not-original=yes
+|range= the Rocky Mountains in North America
+|range-image=File:Dendragapus obscurus map.svg
+|range-image-size=180px
+|size=
+|habitat=
+|hunting=
+|iucn-status= LC
+|population=
+|direction=
+|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Four subspecies |bullets=on
+| ''D. o. obscurus'' <small>([[Thomas Say|Say]], 1822)</small>
+| ''D. o. oreinus'' <small>([[William H. Behle|Behle]] & Selander, 1951)</small>
+| ''D. o. pallidus'' <small>([[Harry Swarth|Swarth]], 1931)</small>
+| ''D. o. richardsonii'' <small>([[David Douglas (botanist)|Douglas]], 1829)</small>
+}}
+}}
+{{Species table/row
+|name=Sooty grouse |binomial=[[Dendragapus fuliginosus]]
+|image=File:Dendragapus fuliginosus 5058.JPG|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
+|image2 =File:Dendragapus fuliginosus 5527.JPG|image2-caption=Female
+|authority-name=Ridgway |authority-year=1873 |authority-not-original=yes
+|range= from southeastern Alaska and Yukon south to California
+|range-image=File:Dendragapus fuliginosus map.svg
+|range-image-size=180px
+|size=
+|habitat=
+|hunting=
+|iucn-status= LC
+|population=
+|direction=
+|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Four subspecies |bullets=on
+| ''D. f. fuliginosus'' <small>([[Robert Ridgway|Ridgway]], 1873)</small>
+| ''D. f. howardi'' <small>(Dickey & Van Rossem, 1923)</small>
+| ''D. f. sierrae'' <small>([[Frank Chapman (ornithologist)|Chapman]], 1904)</small>
+| ''D. f. sitkensis'' <small>([[Harry Swarth|Swarth]], 1921)</small>
+}}
+}}
+{{Species table/end}}
+===Fossils===
+[[Late Pleistocene]] [[fossil]] species that have been described are ''Dendragapus gilli'' (western and west-central US), initially placed in a distinct genus '''''Palaeotetrix'''''<!-- Condor69:24 -->, and ''Dendragapus lucasi'' (known only from [[Fossil Lake]], US).
 ==References==
 {{Commons|Dendragapus fuliginosus}}
 {{Commons|Dendragapus obscurus}}
-{{reflist|refs=
+{{Reflist|refs=
-<ref name=hbw>del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J., eds. (1994). ''Handbook of the Birds of the World'' 2: 401–402. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona ISBN 84-87334-15-6.</ref>
+<ref name=hbw>del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J., eds. (1994). ''Handbook of the Birds of the World'' 2: 401–402. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona {{ISBN|84-87334-15-6}}.</ref>
-<ref name=j1>{{cite journal|author=Barrowclough, G. F., Groth, J. G., Mertz, L. A., & Gutierrez, R. J. |year=2004|title= Phylogeographic structure, gene flow and species status in Blue Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus)|journal=Molecular Ecology|volume= 13|pages= 1911–1922|url=http://fwcb.cfans.umn.edu/Research/Owls/lit%20folder/barrowclough%20et%20al.%202004.pdf|doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02215.x|pmid=15189213|issue=7}}</ref>
+<ref name=j1>{{cite journal|author1=Barrowclough, G. F. |author2=Groth, J. G. |author3=Mertz, L. A. |author4=Gutierrez, R. J. |name-list-style=amp|year=2004 |title=Phylogeographic structure, gene flow and species status in Blue Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) |journal=Molecular Ecology |volume=13 |pages=1911–1922 |url=http://fwcb.cfans.umn.edu/Research/Owls/lit%20folder/barrowclough%20et%20al.%202004.pdf |doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02215.x |pmid=15189213 |issue=7 |bibcode=2004MolEc..13.1911B |s2cid=20762207 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713023421/http://fwcb.cfans.umn.edu/Research/Owls/lit%20folder/barrowclough%20et%20al.%202004.pdf |archive-date=2007-07-13 }}</ref>
-<ref name=j2>{{cite journal|author=Brooks, A. |year=1929|title= On Dendragapus obscurus obscurus|journal=[[The Auk]]|volume= 46|pages= 111–113|url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v046n01/p0111-p0113.pdf online|doi=10.2307/4075798}}</ref>
+<ref name=j2>{{cite journal|author=Brooks, A. |year=1929|title= On Dendragapus obscurus obscurus|journal=[[The Auk]]|volume= 46|issue=1 |pages= 111–113|url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v046n01/p0111-p0113.pdf |doi=10.2307/4075798|jstor=4075798 }}</ref>
-<ref name=Sibley>{{cite book | author=[[David Allen Sibley|Sibley, D.]] | title=[[The Sibley Guide to Birds]] | publisher=Knopf | year=2000 | pages = 143 | isbn=0-679-45122-6}}</ref>
+<ref name=Sibley>{{cite book | author=Sibley, D. | author-link=David Allen Sibley | title=[[The Sibley Guide to Birds]] | publisher=Knopf | year=2000 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/sibleyguidetobir00sibl_0/page/143 143] | isbn=0-679-45122-6 }}</ref>
-<ref name="Zwickel">{{cite book  | last = Zwickel  | first =Fred C. |author2=Bendell, James F.  | title =Blue Grouse: Their Biology and Natural History  | publisher = NRC Research Press  | year = 2004  | location = Ottawa  | pages =  | url =http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/books/books/9780660192710.html  | isbn =  978-0-660-19271-0}}
+<ref name="Zwickel">{{cite book  | last = Zwickel  | first = Fred C.  | author2 = Bendell, James F.  | title = Blue Grouse: Their Biology and Natural History  | publisher = NRC Research Press  | year = 2004  | location = Ottawa  | url = http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/books/books/9780660192710.html  | isbn = 978-0-660-19271-0  | access-date = 2008-05-08  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071225163347/http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/books/books/9780660192710.html  | archive-date = 2007-12-25  | url-status = dead  }}</ref>
-</ref>
 }}
+{{Pangalliformes|Pha.|state=collapsed}}
-[[Category:Tetraonidae]]
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q903903}}
+[[Category:Dendragapus| ]]
 [[Category:Bird genera]]