Chocolate gourami: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of fish}} |
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{{Speciesbox |
{{Speciesbox |
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| image = Sphaerichthys osphromenoides.jpg |
| image = Sphaerichthys osphromenoides.jpg |
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| status = DD |
| status = DD |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref name |
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Low, B.W. |date=2019 |title=''Sphaerichthys osphromenoides'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T89808951A89808958 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T89808951A89808958.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> |
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| taxon = Sphaerichthys osphromenoides |
| taxon = Sphaerichthys osphromenoides |
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| authority = [[Giovanni Canestrini|Canestrini]], 1860 |
| authority = [[Giovanni Canestrini|Canestrini]], 1860 |
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* ''Sphaerichthys osphromenoides osphromenoides'' <small>Canestrini, 1860</small> |
* ''Sphaerichthys osphromenoides osphromenoides'' <small>Canestrini, 1860</small> |
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The '''chocolate gourami''' (''Sphaerichthys osphromenoides'') is a species of [[gourami]] native to the [[Malay Peninsula]], [[Sumatra]], and [[Borneo]].<ref name=fishbase>{{FishBase |
The '''chocolate gourami''' ('''''Sphaerichthys osphromenoides''''') is a species of [[gourami]] native to the [[Malay Peninsula]], [[Sumatra]], and [[Borneo]].<ref name=fishbase>{{FishBase|genus=Sphaerichthys|species=osphromenoides|year=2014|month=February}}</ref> Chocolate gouramis reach a length of {{convert|6|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name=fishbase/> These fish have a chocolate colour with golden bands running down their bodies. |
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==Taxonomy== |
==Taxonomy== |
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==In the aquarium== |
==In the aquarium== |
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They are popular [[aquarium]] fish, but are challenging to keep. Without optimum water conditions, they are susceptible to bacterial infections and skin parasites.<ref name=sanford>{{cite book|title=Aquarium Owner's Guide|last=Sanford|first=Gina|publisher=[[DK Publishing]]|location=New York|year=1999|isbn=0-7894-4614-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/aquariumownersgu00sand}}</ref> Chocolate gouramis are best kept on their own in well-planted aquaria with gentle filtration. They require soft, acidic water; most of all, they prefer a higher temperature than most fish. Tank temperature should be maintained at 25 |
They are popular [[aquarium]] fish, but are challenging to keep. Without optimum water conditions, they are susceptible to bacterial infections and skin parasites.<ref name=sanford>{{cite book|title=Aquarium Owner's Guide|last=Sanford|first=Gina|publisher=[[DK Publishing]]|location=New York|year=1999|isbn=0-7894-4614-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/aquariumownersgu00sand}}</ref> Chocolate gouramis are best kept on their own in well-planted aquaria with gentle filtration. They require soft, acidic water; most of all, they prefer a higher temperature than most fish. Tank temperature should be maintained at {{convert|25|-|27|C|F}}.<ref name=sanford/> They are generally fussy eaters, preferring to eat live foods or freeze-dried, frozen equivalents over [[flake food]].<ref name=axelrod>{{cite book|title=Exotic Tropical Fishes|last=Axelrod|first=Herbert R.|authorlink=Herbert R. Axelrod|publisher=T.F.H. Publications|year=1996|isbn=0-87666-543-1}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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<references/> |
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{{Commons category|Sphaerichthys osphromenoides}} |
{{Commons category|Sphaerichthys osphromenoides}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q1536867}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1536867}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:gourami, chocolate}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:gourami, chocolate}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Luciocephalinae]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Malaysia]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Indonesia]] |
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[[Category:Fish of Southeast Asia]] |
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[[Category:Fish described in 1860|chocolate gourami]] |
[[Category:Fish described in 1860|chocolate gourami]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Giovanni Canestrini|chocolate gourami]] |
[[Category:Taxa named by Giovanni Canestrini|chocolate gourami]] |
Latest revision as of 18:07, 5 July 2024
Chocolate gourami | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Anabantiformes |
Family: | Osphronemidae |
Genus: | Sphaerichthys |
Species: | S. osphromenoides
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Binomial name | |
Sphaerichthys osphromenoides Canestrini, 1860
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Synonyms | |
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The chocolate gourami (Sphaerichthys osphromenoides) is a species of gourami native to the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo.[2] Chocolate gouramis reach a length of 6 cm (2.4 in).[2] These fish have a chocolate colour with golden bands running down their bodies.
Taxonomy
[edit]Sphaerichthys selatanensis has sometimes been treated as a subspecies of S. osphromenoides.[3]
Ecology
[edit]They are restricted to peat habitats.[2] Unlike many other labyrinth fish, which breed by incubating their eggs in a bubble nest, this species is a mouthbrooder.[2] Even more unusually, this species is a maternal mouthbrooder, with the female incubating the eggs in her mouth;[4] all other anabantoid mouthbrooders (with the exception of its close relative Sphaerichthys selatanensis) are paternal mouthbrooders, with the male carrying the eggs and young larvae. They are omnivorous, but feed primarily on insects.[2]
In the aquarium
[edit]They are popular aquarium fish, but are challenging to keep. Without optimum water conditions, they are susceptible to bacterial infections and skin parasites.[4] Chocolate gouramis are best kept on their own in well-planted aquaria with gentle filtration. They require soft, acidic water; most of all, they prefer a higher temperature than most fish. Tank temperature should be maintained at 25–27 °C (77–81 °F).[4] They are generally fussy eaters, preferring to eat live foods or freeze-dried, frozen equivalents over flake food.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Low, B.W. (2019). "Sphaerichthys osphromenoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T89808951A89808958. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T89808951A89808958.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Sphaerichthys osphromenoides". FishBase. February 2014 version.
- ^ "Synonyms of Sphaerichthys selatanensis Vierke, 1979". FishBase.
- ^ a b c Sanford, Gina (1999). Aquarium Owner's Guide. New York: DK Publishing. ISBN 0-7894-4614-6.
- ^ Axelrod, Herbert R. (1996). Exotic Tropical Fishes. T.F.H. Publications. ISBN 0-87666-543-1.
- "Sphaerichthys osphromenoides". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 18 April 2006.