Slavoljub Eduard Penkala: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Croatian engineer and inventor}} |
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{{Infobox person |
{{Infobox person |
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|name = Slavoljub Penkala |
|name = Slavoljub Penkala |
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|birth_name = Eduard Pękała |
|birth_name = Eduard Pękała |
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|birth_date = {{Birth date|1871|4|20|df=y}} |
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1871|4|20|df=y}} |
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|birth_place = [[Liptovský Mikuláš|Liptószentmiklós]], [[Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Austria-Hungary]] |
|birth_place = [[Liptovský Mikuláš|Liptószentmiklós]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1867-1918)|Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Austria-Hungary]]<br/>{{small|(now [[Liptovský Mikuláš]], [[Slovakia]])}} |
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|death_date = {{Death date and age|1922|2|5|1871|4|20|df=y}} |
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1922|2|5|1871|4|20|df=y}} |
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|death_place = [[Zagreb]], [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] |
|death_place = [[Zagreb]], [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]]<br/>{{small|(now [[Zagreb]], [[Croatia]])}} |
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|resting_place = [[Mirogoj Cemetery]] |
|resting_place = [[Mirogoj Cemetery]] |
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|residence = |
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|nationality = Croatian |
|nationality = Croatian |
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|ethnicity = |
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|citizenship = |
|citizenship = |
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|other_names = |
|other_names = Slavoljub Eduard Penkala {{small|(full name)}} |
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|known_for = Inventing the [[mechanical pencil]] |
|known_for = Inventing the [[mechanical pencil]] |
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|education = [[TU Dresden|Royal Saxon Polytechnic Institute]] <small>(Ph.D., 1898)</small> |
|education = [[TU Dresden|Royal Saxon Polytechnic Institute]] <small>(Ph.D., 1898)</small> |
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|occupation = {{hlist|Inventor|aviation pioneer|entrepreneur}} |
|occupation = {{hlist|Inventor|aviation pioneer|entrepreneur}} |
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|years_active = |
|years_active = |
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|home_town = |
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|religion = |
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|spouse = Emily Stoffregen |
|spouse = Emily Stoffregen |
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|partner = |
|partner = |
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'''Slavoljub Eduard Penkala''' ({{IPA |
'''Slavoljub Eduard Penkala''' ({{IPA|hr|slâʋɔʎuːb ɛ̂duard pɛŋkǎːla}}; 20 April 1871 – 5 February 1922) was a [[Slovakia|Slovak]]-[[Croatia]]n engineer and [[inventor]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Google obilježio 141. godišnjicu rođenja Slavoljuba Penkale|publisher=[[Nova TV (Croatia)|Nova TV]] |date=2012-04-20|url=http://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/tech/google-obiljezio-141-godisnjicu-rodzenja-slavoljuba-penkale.html|accessdate=2012-04-20|language=hr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=HINA |author-link=HINA |title=Google se sjetio Penkale |publisher=[[Business.hr]] |date=2012-04-20 |url=http://www.business.hr/business-class/google-se-sjetio-penkale |access-date=2012-04-20 |language=hr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420134705/http://www.business.hr/business-class/google-se-sjetio-penkale |archive-date=2012-04-20 }}</ref> |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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[[File:Penkala-Moster tvornica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|"Penkala-Moster" pen and pencil company in Zagreb]] |
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⚫ | Eduard Penkala was born in [[Liptovský Mikuláš|Liptószentmiklós]] (now Liptovský Mikuláš), then part of [[Austria-Hungary]], to Franciszek Pękała, who was of Polish heritage, and Maria Pękała (née Hannel), who was of Dutch descent. He attended the [[University of Vienna]] and [[TU Dresden|Royal Saxon Polytechnic Institute]], graduating from the latter on March 25, 1898, and going on to earn a [[doctorate]] in [[organic chemistry]]. During his studies, he attended violin lessons where he met his future wife, pianist Emily Stoffregen. He then moved with his wife to [[Zagreb]] (which was then in the [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]]). To mark his loyalty to his new homeland, he took on the Croatian name Slavoljub ([[Croatian language|Croatian]] for "[[Slavophilia|slavophile]]"), becoming a naturalized [[Croats|Croat]]. |
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⚫ | Eduard Penkala was born in [[Liptovský Mikuláš|Liptószentmiklós]] (now Liptovský Mikuláš in [[Slovakia]]), then part of [[Austria-Hungary]], to Franciszek Pękała, who was of Polish heritage, and Maria Pękała (née Hannel), who was of Dutch descent. He attended the [[University of Vienna]] and [[TU Dresden|Royal Saxon Polytechnic Institute]], graduating from the latter on March 25, 1898, and going on to earn a [[doctorate]] in [[organic chemistry]]. During his studies, he attended violin lessons where he met his future wife, pianist Emily Stoffregen. He then moved with his wife to [[Zagreb]] (which was then in the [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]]). To mark his loyalty to his new homeland, he took on the Croatian name Slavoljub ([[Croatian language|Croatian]] for "[[Slavophilia|slavophile]]"), becoming a naturalized [[Croats|Croat]]. |
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⚫ | He became renowned for further development of the [[mechanical pencil]] (1906)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.penkala.com.hr/en/penkala_en.htm |title= |
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⚫ | He became renowned for further development of the [[mechanical pencil]] (1906)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.penkala.com.hr/en/penkala_en.htm |title=Penkala.hr | Pens | Slavoljub Penkala | Pen | About Penkala |access-date=2008-08-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006053423/http://www.penkala.com.hr/en/penkala_en.htm |archive-date=2008-10-06 }}</ref> - then called an "automatic pencil" - and the first solid-ink [[fountain pen]] (1907).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.croatia.hr/English/Penkala/Inovacije.aspx |title=Croatia - Croatian National Tourist Board |access-date=2007-03-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406220807/http://www.croatia.hr/English/Penkala/Inovacije.aspx |archive-date=2007-04-06 }}</ref> On 24 January [[1906]] he registered the patent for an automatic pencil. Collaborating with an entrepreneur by the name of [[Edmund Moster]], he started the [[Penkala-Edmund Moster & Co.|Penkala-Moster Company]] and built a pen-and-pencil factory that was one of the biggest in the world at the time. As the business grew, a second factory was set up in Berlin. |
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The company, now called [[TOZ Penkala]], still exists today. |
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He also constructed the first Croatian aircraft to fly in the country, the [[Penkala 1910 Biplane]], flown by [[Dragutin Novak]], who was also the first Croatian pilot. He constructed and invented many other products and devices, and held a total of 80 [[patent]]s. |
He also constructed the first Croatian aircraft to fly in the country, the [[Penkala 1910 Biplane]], flown by [[Dragutin Novak]], who was also the first Croatian pilot. He constructed and invented many other products and devices, and held a total of 80 [[patent]]s. |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Penkala, Slavoljub}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Penkala, Slavoljub Eduard}} |
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[[Category:1871 births]] |
[[Category:1871 births]] |
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[[Category:1922 deaths]] |
[[Category:1922 deaths]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Businesspeople from Austria-Hungary]] |
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[[Category:Aviation pioneers]] |
[[Category:Aviation pioneers]] |
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[[Category:Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery]] |
[[Category:Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery]] |
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[[Category:Croatian people of Dutch descent]] |
[[Category:Croatian people of Dutch descent]] |
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[[Category:Croatian people of Polish descent]] |
[[Category:Croatian people of Polish descent]] |
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[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia]] |
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in Yugoslavia]] |
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[[Category:TU Dresden alumni]] |
[[Category:TU Dresden alumni]] |
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[[Category:Naturalized citizens of Croatia]] |
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of Croatia]] |
Latest revision as of 10:48, 6 July 2024
Slavoljub Penkala | |
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![]() Slavoljub Penkala in 1920 | |
Born | Eduard Pękała 20 April 1871 |
Died | 5 February 1922 | (aged 50)
Resting place | Mirogoj Cemetery |
Nationality | Croatian |
Other names | Slavoljub Eduard Penkala (full name) |
Bildung | Royal Saxon Polytechnic Institute (Ph.D., 1898) |
Occupations |
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Known for | Inventing the mechanical pencil |
Spouse | Emily Stoffregen |
Children | 4 |
Slavoljub Eduard Penkala (Croatian pronunciation: [slâʋɔʎuːb ɛ̂duard pɛŋkǎːla]; 20 April 1871 – 5 February 1922) was a Slovak-Croatian engineer and inventor.[1][2]
Biography
[edit]Eduard Penkala was born in Liptószentmiklós (now Liptovský Mikuláš in Slovakia), then part of Austria-Hungary, to Franciszek Pękała, who was of Polish heritage, and Maria Pękała (née Hannel), who was of Dutch descent. He attended the University of Vienna and Royal Saxon Polytechnic Institute, graduating from the latter on March 25, 1898, and going on to earn a doctorate in organic chemistry. During his studies, he attended violin lessons where he met his future wife, pianist Emily Stoffregen. He then moved with his wife to Zagreb (which was then in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia). To mark his loyalty to his new homeland, he took on the Croatian name Slavoljub (Croatian for "slavophile"), becoming a naturalized Croat.
He became renowned for further development of the mechanical pencil (1906)[3] - then called an "automatic pencil" - and the first solid-ink fountain pen (1907).[4] On 24 January 1906 he registered the patent for an automatic pencil. Collaborating with an entrepreneur by the name of Edmund Moster, he started the Penkala-Moster Company and built a pen-and-pencil factory that was one of the biggest in the world at the time. As the business grew, a second factory was set up in Berlin. The company, now called TOZ Penkala, still exists today.
He also constructed the first Croatian aircraft to fly in the country, the Penkala 1910 Biplane, flown by Dragutin Novak, who was also the first Croatian pilot. He constructed and invented many other products and devices, and held a total of 80 patents.
Among his patented inventions were:
- a hot water bottle - his first patented invention, the "Termofor"
- a type of bluing detergent
- a rail-car brake
- an anode battery
He also founded another company called the Elevator Chemical Manufacturing Company, which produced various chemicals such as detergents, sealing wax, and "Radium Vinovica", a patent-medicine – like product that was billed as curing rheumatism.
He had four children with his wife, Emily.
Penkala died in Zagreb at the age of 50, after catching pneumonia on a business trip. He was buried at the Mirogoj Cemetery.[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Google obilježio 141. godišnjicu rođenja Slavoljuba Penkale" (in Croatian). Nova TV. 2012-04-20. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
- ^ HINA (2012-04-20). "Google se sjetio Penkale" (in Croatian). Business.hr. Archived from the original on 2012-04-20. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
- ^ "Penkala.hr | Pens | Slavoljub Penkala | Pen | About Penkala". Archived from the original on 2008-10-06. Retrieved 2008-08-21.
- ^ "Croatia - Croatian National Tourist Board". Archived from the original on 2007-04-06. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- ^ (in Croatian) Gradska groblja Zagreb: Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, Mirogoj RKT-78-I-117
External links
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- "About Eduard Slavoljub Penkala"—Biography of Eduard Slavoljub Penkala at the web site of the book Penkala Writing Instruments, by Miroslav Tischler.
- "History of Croatian Science: Eduard (Slavoljub) Penkala"—from the web site "Croatia - Overview of History, Culture and Science", by Darko Zubrinic.
- TOZ-Penkala
- 1871 births
- 1922 deaths
- Businesspeople from Austria-Hungary
- Aviation pioneers
- Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery
- Croatian Austro-Hungarians
- Croatian businesspeople
- Croatian inventors
- Croatian people of Dutch descent
- Croatian people of Polish descent
- Deaths from pneumonia in Yugoslavia
- TU Dresden alumni
- Naturalized citizens of Croatia
- Patent medicine businesspeople
- People from Liptovský Mikuláš
- Engineers from Zagreb