1199: Difference between revisions

1199 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1199; MCXCIX
Ab urbe condita	1952
Armenian calendar	648; ԹՎ ՈԽԸ
Assyrian calendar	5949
Balinese saka calendar	1120–1121
Bengali calendar	606
Berber calendar	2149
English Regnal year	10 Ric. 1 – 1 Joh. 1
Buddhist calendar	1743
Burmese calendar	561
Byzantine calendar	6707–6708
Chinese calendar	戊午年 (Earth Horse); 3896 or 3689; — to —; 己未年 (Earth Goat); 3897 or 3690
Coptic calendar	915–916
Discordian calendar	2365
Ethiopian calendar	1191–1192
Hebrew calendar	4959–4960
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1255–1256
- Shaka Samvat	1120–1121
- Kali Yuga	4299–4300
Holocene calendar	11199
Igbo calendar	199–200
Iranian calendar	577–578
Islamic calendar	595–596
Japanese calendar	Kenkyū 10 / Shōji 1; (正治元年)
Javanese calendar	1107–1108
Julian calendar	1199; MCXCIX
Korean calendar	3532
Minguo calendar	713 before ROC; 民前713年
Nanakshahi calendar	−269
Seleucid era	1510/1511 AG
Thai solar calendar	1741–1742
Tibetan calendar	阳土马年; (male Earth-Horse); 1325 or 944 or 172; — to —; 阴土羊年; (female Earth-Goat); 1326 or 945 or 173

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	11th century; 12th century ; 13th century;
Decades:	1170s; 1180s; 1190s ; 1200s; 1210s;
Years:	1196; 1197; 1198; 1199 ; 1200; 1201; 1202;

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Year 1199 (MCXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europa

January 13 – A short-lived truce is declared, between the Kings Richard I (the Lionheart) and Philip II (Augustus).^[1] Two of Europe's most powerful rulers meet on the banks of the Seine River, while shouting terms to one another. With a peace secured, Richard is able to refocus on bringing internal order to the south of the Angevin Empire.^[2]
March 26 – Richard I besieges the unarmed castle of Châlus-Chabrol, and is shot in the left shoulder with a crossbow, by the French boy Pierre Basile.^[3] The war between the kingdoms of England and France has become so brutal, that Hugh of Lincoln is warned that "nothing now is safe, neither the city to dwell in nor the highway for travel".^[4]
April 6 – Richard I dies from gangrene, caused by his crossbow wound. His younger brother, John (Lackland), becomes King of England. Richard's jewels are left to his nephew, Otto IV, King of the Romans.^[5] Mercadier, a mercenary captain and Richard's second in command, has Pierre Basile flayed alive and hanged.
Roman Mstislavich (the Great), Grand Prince of Vladimir-Volhynia, unites his realm with its westerly neighbor Galicia (after the death of Vladimir II). He makes the Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia more powerful than Kiev.
Summer – Philip II renews his war against England, supporting the rival claim to the English throne of John's 12-year-old nephew Arthur I, duke of Brittany.^[1]
Summer – After uncovering a plot against him, Emeric, King of Hungary defeats his brother Duke Andrew in a battle, forcing him into exile in Austria. Thereafter, border clashes occurs between Hungary and Austria.^[6]

Britain

May 26 – John returns to London and chooses people to help him to rule the kingdom. He appoints Archbishop Hubert Walter as his advisor and chancellor. Geoffrey Fitz Peter is chosen as Chief Justiciar and William (the Marshal) becomes Marshal of John's household. On May 27, John is crowned as king of England at Westminster Abbey.
Summer – King William the Lion of Scotland supports John's claim to the English throne, in exchange for ownership of the northern territories (including Northumberland and Cumberland).

Africa

January 23 – Caliph Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur dies at Marrakesh after a 15-year reign in which he has defeated the Castilian forces of King Alfonso VIII (the noble) (see 1195) and other Christian enemies in Al-Andalus. He is succeeded by his son Muhammad al-Nasir as ruler of the Almohad Caliphate (until 1213).

Japan

February 9 – Minamoto no Yoritomo, Japanese shogun, dies at Kamakura after a 7-year reign in which he has established the Kamakura Shogunate (see 1192). He is succeeded by his 16-year-old son Minamoto no Yoriie, his grandfather Hōjō Tokimasa proclaims himself regent for Yoriie (until 1202).

By topic

Religion

Summer – Pope Innocent III calls for a fourth Crusade at Rome. Due to the preaching of Fulk of Neuilly, an army is organized at a tournament held at Ecry-sur-Aisne by Theobald III, count of Champagne, on November 28.
St. Laurence's Church, Ludlow, in England is rebuilt.

Births

April 17 – Marie of Ponthieu, French noblewoman (d. 1250)
Aisha Al-Manoubya, Almohad female Sufi mystic (d. 1267)
Al-Mansur al-Hasan, Yemeni imam and politician (d. 1271)
Bohemond V, prince of Antioch (House of Poitiers) (d. 1252)
Ferdinand III (the Saint), king of Castile and León (d. 1252)
Guttorm of Norway (Sigurdsson), king of Norway (d. 1204)
Ibn al-Abbar, Andalusian biographer and historian (d. 1260)
Isobel of Huntingdon, daughter of David of Scotland (d. 1252)
Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, Khwarezmid ruler (shah) (d. 1231)
Joan of Constantinople, Flemish noblewoman (d. 1244)
Sturla Sighvatsson, Icelandic chieftain (or goði) (d. 1238)
Thomas II, Flemish nobleman (House of Savoy) (d. 1259)

Deaths

January 23 – Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur, Almohad caliph (b. 1160)
February 9 – Minamoto no Yoritomo, Japanese shogun (b. 1147)
February 13 – Stefan Nemanja, Serbian Grand Prince (b. 1113)^[7]
March 17 – Jocelin of Glasgow (or Jocelyn), Scottish bishop^[8]
April 5 – Ashikaga Yoshikane, Japanese samurai and monk
April 6
- Pierre Basile (or Bertran de Gurdun), French knight
- Richard I (the Lionheart), king of England (b. 1157)^[9]
July 10 – Hugh de Roxburgh (or Hugo), Scottish bishop
August 20 – Matthew, Scottish churchman and bishop
September 4 – Joan of England, queen of Sicily (b. 1165)^[10]
October 9 – Bobo of San Teodoro, Italian cardinal-deacon
November 6 – Hatim ibn Ibrahim, Yemeni religious leader
November 25 – Albert III (the Rich), count of Habsburg
December 25 – Helena of Hungary, duchess of Austria
Alexios Komnenos, son of Andronikos I (Komnenos)
Azalais of Toulouse (or Adelaide), French noblewoman
Benedicta Ebbesdotter of Hvide, queen of Sweden (or 1200)
Date Tomomune, Japanese nobleman and samurai (b. 1129)
Michael the Syrian (the Great), Syriac patriarch (b. 1126)
Raymond IV (or Raimund), count and regent of Tripoli
Vladimir II Yaroslavich, Kievan prince (House of Rurik)

References

^ ^a ^b Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 73–75. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
^ Rees, Simon (2006). "King Richard I of England Versus King Philip II Augustus". Military History (published September 2006).
^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 129–131. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
^ King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 63
^ Warren, Lewis (1961). King John. University of California Press. p. 48.
^ Zsoldos, Attila (2022). Az Aranybulla királya [The King of the Golden Bull] (in Hungarian). Városi Levéltár és Kutatóintézet. p. 32. ISBN 978-963-8406-26-2.
^ A. P. Vlasto (October 2, 1970). The Entry of the Slavs Into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs. CUP Archive. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-521-07459-9.
^ S. D. Church (2003). King John: New Interpretations. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-85115-947-8.
^ Mrs. Markham; Eliza Robbins (1854). A History of England from the first Invasion by the Romans to the 14th year of the Reign of Queen Victoria. pp. 101–.
^ Edmund Lodge (1907). The Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage & Companionage of the British Empire for 1907. Kelly's Directories. p. 93.

[CBH1199-1] Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 73–75. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.

[2] Rees, Simon (2006). "King Richard I of England Versus King Philip II Augustus". Military History (published September 2006).

[Cassell's_Chronology-3] Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 129–131. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.

[4] King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 63

[5] Warren, Lewis (1961). King John. University of California Press. p. 48.

[6] Zsoldos, Attila (2022). Az Aranybulla királya [The King of the Golden Bull] (in Hungarian). Városi Levéltár és Kutatóintézet. p. 32. ISBN 978-963-8406-26-2.

[7] A. P. Vlasto (October 2, 1970). The Entry of the Slavs Into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs. CUP Archive. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-521-07459-9.

[8] S. D. Church (2003). King John: New Interpretations. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-85115-947-8.

[9] Mrs. Markham; Eliza Robbins (1854). A History of England from the first Invasion by the Romans to the 14th year of the Reign of Queen Victoria. pp. 101–.

[10] Edmund Lodge (1907). The Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage & Companionage of the British Empire for 1907. Kelly's Directories. p. 93.

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Year dab|1199}}
 {{Year nav|1199}}
-{{C12 year in topic}}[[File:Europe 1199ad political map.png|{{Largethumb}}|Political map of [[Europe]]. Showing major Germanic and Islamic countries (1199).]]
+{{C12 year in topic}}[[File:Europe 1199ad political map.png|upright=1.35|thumb]]
 Year '''1199''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCXCIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]].
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 * [[March 26]] &ndash; Richard I besieges the unarmed castle of [[Château de Châlus-Chabrol|Châlus-Chabrol]], and is shot in the left shoulder with a [[crossbow]], by the French boy [[Pierre Basile]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book |last=Williams |first=Hywel |title=Cassell's Chronology of World History |url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/129 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |year=2005 |isbn=0-304-35730-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/129 129–131]}}</ref> The war between the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of England|England]] and [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] has become so brutal, that [[Hugh of Lincoln]] is warned that "nothing now is safe, neither the city to dwell in nor the highway for travel".<ref>''King John'' by Warren.  Published by University of California Press in 1961.  p. 63</ref>
 * [[April 6]] &ndash; Richard I dies from [[gangrene]], caused by his crossbow wound. His younger brother, [[John, King of England|John]] ('''Lackland'''), becomes [[List of English monarchs|King of England]]. Richard's jewels are left to his nephew, [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]], [[King of the Romans]].<ref>{{cite book |title=King John |first=Lewis |last=Warren |publisher=University of California Press |year=1961 |page=48}}</ref> [[Mercadier]], a mercenary captain and Richard's [[second in command]], has Pierre Basile [[Flaying|flayed]] alive and [[Hanging|hanged]].
-* [[Roman the Great|Roman Mstislavich]] ('''the Great'''), Grand Prince of [[Vladimir-Suzdal|Vladimir]]-[[Principality of Volhynia|Volhynia]], unites his realm with its westerly neighbor [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]] (after the death of [[Vladimir II Yaroslavich|Vladimir II]]). He creates the [[Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia]] more powerful than [[Principality of Kiev|Kiev]].
+* [[Roman the Great|Roman Mstislavich]] ('''the Great'''), Grand Prince of [[Vladimir-Suzdal|Vladimir]]-[[Principality of Volhynia|Volhynia]], unites his realm with its westerly neighbor [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]] (after the death of [[Vladimir II Yaroslavich|Vladimir II]]). He makes the [[Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia]] more powerful than [[Principality of Kiev|Kiev]].
 * Summer &ndash; Philip II renews his war against England, supporting the rival claim to the English throne of John's 12-year-old nephew [[Arthur I, Duke of Brittany|Arthur I]], duke of [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]].<ref name="CBH1199"/>
+* Summer &ndash; After [[Brothers' Quarrel (Hungary)|uncovering a plot]] against him, [[Emeric, King of Hungary]] defeats his brother [[Andrew II of Hungary|Duke Andrew]] in a battle, forcing him into exile in [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]]. Thereafter, border clashes occurs between Hungary and Austria.<ref>{{cite book |last=Zsoldos |first=Attila |year=2022 |title=Az Aranybulla királya ''[The King of the Golden Bull]'' |publisher=Városi Levéltár és Kutatóintézet |page=32 |isbn=978-963-8406-26-2|language=hu}}</ref>
-==== England ====
+==== Britain ====
 * [[May 26]] – John returns to [[London]] and chooses people to help him to rule the kingdom. He appoints Archbishop [[Hubert Walter]] as his advisor and chancellor. [[Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex|Geoffrey Fitz Peter]] is chosen as [[Chief Justiciar]] and [[William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke|William]] ('''the Marshal''') becomes Marshal of John's household. On [[May 27]], John is crowned as king of England at [[Westminster Abbey]].
 * Summer – King [[William the Lion]] of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] supports John's claim to the English throne, in exchange for ownership of the northern territories (including  [[Northumberland]] and [[Cumberland]]).
 ==== Africa ====
@@ Line 26: / Line 27: @@
 ==== Japan ====
-* [[February 9]] – [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]], a Japanese [[shogun]], dies at [[Kamakura]] after a 7-year reign in which he has founded the [[Kamakura shogunate|Kamakura Shogunate]] (see [[1192]]). He is succeeded by his 16-year-old son [[Minamoto no Yoriie]], his grandfather [[Hōjō Tokimasa]] proclaims himself [[regent]] for Yoriie (until [[1202]]).
+* [[February 9]] – [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]], Japanese [[shogun]], dies at [[Kamakura]] after a 7-year reign in which he has established the [[Kamakura shogunate|Kamakura Shogunate]] (see [[1192]]). He is succeeded by his 16-year-old son [[Minamoto no Yoriie]], his grandfather [[Hōjō Tokimasa]] proclaims himself [[regent]] for Yoriie (until [[1202]]).
 === By topic ===
 ==== Religion ====
-* Summer – Pope [[Pope Innocent III|Innocent III]] calls for a fourth Crusade at [[Rome]].  Due to the preaching of [[Fulk of Neuilly]], a army is organized at a tournament held at [[Asfeld#History|Ecry-sur-Aisne]] by [[Theobald III, Count of Champagne|Theobald III]], count of [[County of Champagne|Champagne]], on [[November 28]].
+* Summer – Pope [[Pope Innocent III|Innocent III]] calls for a fourth Crusade at [[Rome]].  Due to the preaching of [[Fulk of Neuilly]], an army is organized at a tournament held at [[Asfeld#History|Ecry-sur-Aisne]] by [[Theobald III, Count of Champagne|Theobald III]], count of [[County of Champagne|Champagne]], on [[November 28]].
 * [[St Laurence's Church, Ludlow|St. Laurence's Church, Ludlow]], in England is rebuilt.
 </onlyinclude>
 == Births ==
 * [[April 17]] – [[Marie, Countess of Ponthieu|Marie of Ponthieu]], French [[Nobility|noblewoman]] (d. [[1250]])
-* [[Isobel of Huntingdon]], Scottish noble, daughter of [[David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon]] (d. [[1252]])
+* [[Aisha Al-Manoubya]], Almohad female [[Sufism|Sufi]] mystic (d. [[1267]])
-* [[Joan, Countess of Flanders]] (d. [[1244]])
+* [[Al-Mansur al-Hasan]], Yemeni [[imam]] and politician (d. [[1271]])
+* [[Bohemond V of Antioch|Bohemond V]], prince of [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]] ([[Ramnulfids|House of Poitiers]]) (d. [[1252]])
-* King [[Guttorm of Norway]] (d. [[1204]])
+* [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]] ('''the Saint'''), king of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Kingdom of León|León]] (d. 1252)
+* [[Guttorm of Norway]] ('''Sigurdsson'''), king of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] (d. [[1204]])
+* [[Ibn al-Abbar]], Andalusian biographer and historian (d. [[1260]])
+* [[Isobel of Huntingdon]], daughter of [[David, Earl of Huntingdon|David of Scotland]] (d. 1252)
+* [[Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu]], Khwarezmid ruler (''[[shah]]'') (d. [[1231]])
+* [[Joan, Countess of Flanders|Joan of Constantinople]], Flemish noblewoman (d. [[1244]])
+* [[Sturla Sighvatsson]], Icelandic chieftain (or ''[[Gothi|goði]]'') (d. [[1238]])
+* [[Thomas, Count of Flanders|Thomas II]], Flemish nobleman ([[House of Savoy]]) (d. [[1259]])
 == Deaths ==
@@ Line 44: / Line 54: @@
 * [[February 9]] – [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]], Japanese [[List of shoguns|shogun]] (b. [[1147]])
 * [[February 13]] &ndash; [[Stefan Nemanja]], Serbian Grand Prince (b. [[1113]])<ref>{{cite book |author=A. P. Vlasto |title=The Entry of the Slavs Into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpVOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA219 |date=2 October 1970 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=978-0-521-07459-9 |pages=219}}</ref>
-* [[March 17]] &ndash; [[Jocelin of Glasgow]], Scottish monk and bishop<ref>{{cite book |author=S. D. Church |title=King John: New Interpretations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vAoGEJF-DJEC&pg=PA18 |year=2003 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd |isbn=978-0-85115-947-8 |pages=18}}</ref>
+* [[March 17]] &ndash; [[Jocelin of Glasgow]] (or '''Jocelyn'''), Scottish bishop<ref>{{cite book |author=S. D. Church |title=King John: New Interpretations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vAoGEJF-DJEC&pg=PA18 |year=2003 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd |isbn=978-0-85115-947-8 |pages=18}}</ref>
+* [[April 5]] – [[Ashikaga Yoshikane]], Japanese [[samurai]] and monk
-* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Richard I of England|Richard I]] ('''the Lionheart'''), king of [[Kingdom of England|England]] (b. [[1157]])<ref>{{cite book |author1=Mrs. Markham |author2=Eliza Robbins |title=A History of England from the first Invasion by the Romans to the 14th year of the Reign of Queen Victoria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JCNXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA101 |year=1854 |pages=101–}}</ref>
+* [[April 6]]
+** [[Pierre Basile]] (or '''Bertran de Gurdun'''), French knight
+** [[Richard I of England|Richard I]] ('''the Lionheart'''), king of England (b. [[1157]])<ref>{{cite book |author1=Mrs. Markham |author2=Eliza Robbins |title=A History of England from the first Invasion by the Romans to the 14th year of the Reign of Queen Victoria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JCNXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA101 |year=1854 |pages=101–}}</ref>
+* [[July 10]] – [[Hugh de Roxburgh]] (or '''Hugo'''), Scottish bishop
+* [[August 20]] – [[Matthew (bishop of Aberdeen)|Matthew]], Scottish churchman and bishop
 * [[September 4]] &ndash; [[Joan of England, Queen of Sicily|Joan of England]], queen of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] (b. [[1165]])<ref>{{cite book |author=Edmund Lodge |title=The Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage & Companionage of the British Empire for 1907 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jl1HAQAAMAAJ |year=1907 |publisher=Kelly's Directories |page=93}}</ref>
+* [[October 9]] – [[Bobo of San Teodoro]], Italian cardinal-deacon
+* [[November 6]] – [[Hatim ibn Ibrahim]], Yemeni religious leader
+* [[November 25]] – [[Albert III, Count of Habsburg|Albert III]] ('''the Rich'''), count of [[Habsburg, Switzerland|Habsburg]]
+* [[December 25]] – [[Helena of Hungary, Duchess of Austria|Helena of Hungary]], duchess of [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]]
+* [[Alexios Komnenos (son of Andronikos I)|Alexios Komnenos]], son of [[Andronikos I Komnenos|Andronikos I]] ('''Komnenos''')
+* [[Azalais of Toulouse]] (or '''Adelaide'''), French noblewoman
+* [[Benedicta Ebbesdotter of Hvide]], queen of [[Sweden]] (or [[1200]])
+* [[Date Tomomune]], Japanese nobleman and samurai (b. [[1129]])
+* [[Michael the Syrian]] ('''the Great'''), Syriac patriarch (b. [[1126]])
+* [[Raymond IV, Count of Tripoli|Raymond IV]] (or '''Raimund'''), count and [[regent]] of [[County of Tripoli|Tripoli]]
 * [[Vladimir II Yaroslavich]], Kievan prince ([[Rurik dynasty|House of Rurik]])

1199 by topic
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1199 in poetry
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