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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
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{{EngvarB|date=February 2020}}
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{{short description|British philosopher and writer}}
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[[File:G. Dawes Hicks (1915).jpg|thumb|G. Dawes Hicks (from a group photograph taken in Cambridge in 1915)]]
{{Infobox person
'''George Dawes Hicks''' [[Fellow of the British Academy|FBA]] (14 September 1862 – 16 February 1941<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Continuum encyclopedia of British philosophy|date=2006|publisher=Thoemmes Continuum|others=Grayling, A. C., Pyle, Andrew., Goulder, Naomi.|isbn=9780199754694|location=Bristol|oclc=676714142}}</ref>) was a British philosopher who was the first Professor of Moral Philosophy at [[University College, London|University College]], London from 1904 until 1928 and [[professor emeritus]] thereafter until his death.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Keeling|first=S. V.|year=1941|title=George Dawes Hicks|jstor=2250986|journal=Mind|volume=50|issue=199|pages=306–309}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/665/|title=Philosophy at University College London: Part 1: From Jeremy Bentham to the Second World War|last=Jonathan|first=Wolff|year=2006|website=sas-space.sas.ac.uk|access-date=16 February 2018}}</ref>
| name = Dawes Hicks
| image = G. Dawes Hicks (1915).jpg
⚫
| caption = G. Dawes Hicks (from a group photograph taken in Cambridge in 1915
|birth_date = 14 September 1862
|birth_place = [[Shrewsbury]]
|death_date = 16 February 1941
|death_place =
| occupation = Philosopher, writer}}

'''George Dawes Hicks''' [[Fellow of the British Academy|FBA]] (14 September 1862 – 16 February 1941) was a British philosopher who was the first professor of moral philosophy at [[University College, London|University College]], London from 1904 until 1928 and [[professor emeritus]] thereafter until his death.


== Biography ==
== Biography ==


Hicks, eldest son of solicitor Christopher Hicks, was born in [[Shrewsbury]] on 14 September 1862 and educated at the [[Royal Grammar School, Guildford]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/archive/article/1941-02-18/7/14.html#start%3D1785-01-01%26end%3D1985-01-01%26terms%3DGEORGE%20DAWES%20HICKS%26back%3D/tto/archive/find/GEORGE+DAWES+HICKS/w:1785-01-01%7E1985-01-01/1%26prev%3D/tto/archive/frame/goto/GEORGE+DAWES+HICKS/w:1785-01-01%7E1985-01-01/1%26next%3D/tto/archive/frame/goto/GEORGE+DAWES+HICKS/w:1785-01-01%7E1985-01-01/3|title=DR. G. D. HICKS|last=Anonymous|date=18 February 1941|work=The Times|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> He initially went on to study law within his father's legal practice.<ref name=":0" /> Hicks won a scholarship and went, in 1884, to [[Owens College, Manchester|Owens College Manchester]] to study philosophy (and gain some knowledge of the natural sciences). He did so under [[Robert Adamson (philosopher)|Robert Adamson]] "whose philosophical scholarship and acuteness exercised the most radical and lasting effect upon his. pupil's life and teaching".<ref name=":2" /> Hicks graduated in 1888 with first class honours.<ref name=":0" /> Hicks then went to [[Manchester College, Oxford]] and followed the lectures of Wallace, Nettleship. and [[Cook Wilson]].<ref name=":2" />
Hicks, eldest son of solicitor Christopher Hicks, was born in [[Shrewsbury]] on 14 September 1862 and educated at the [[Royal Grammar School, Guildford]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/archive/article/1941-02-18/7/14.html#start%3D1785-01-01%26end%3D1985-01-01%26terms%3DGEORGE%20DAWES%20HICKS%26back%3D/tto/archive/find/GEORGE+DAWES+HICKS/w:1785-01-01%7E1985-01-01/1%26prev%3D/tto/archive/frame/goto/GEORGE+DAWES+HICKS/w:1785-01-01%7E1985-01-01/1%26next%3D/tto/archive/frame/goto/GEORGE+DAWES+HICKS/w:1785-01-01%7E1985-01-01/3|title=DR. G. D. HICKS|last=Anonymous|date=18 February 1941|work=The Times|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Keeling|first=S. V.|author-link=S. V. Keeling|year=1941|title=George Dawes Hicks|journal=Mind|volume=50|issue=199|pages=306–309|doi=10.1093/mind/L.199.306|jstor=2250986}}</ref> He initially went on to study law within his father's legal practice.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Ruston|first=Alan|title=The Continuum encyclopedia of British philosophy|date=2006|publisher=Thoemmes Continuum|others=Grayling, A. C., Pyle, Andrew., Goulder, Naomi.|isbn=9780199754694|location=Bristol|chapter=Hicks, George Dawes (1862–1941|oclc=676714142|chapter-url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199754694.001.0001/acref-9780199754694-e-975|access-date=12 March 2021|archive-date=12 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312124824/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199754694.001.0001/acref-9780199754694-e-975 }}</ref> Hicks won a scholarship and went, in 1884, to [[Owens College, Manchester|Owens College Manchester]] to study philosophy (and gain some knowledge of the natural sciences). He did so under [[Robert Adamson (philosopher)|Robert Adamson]] "whose philosophical scholarship and acuteness exercised the most radical and lasting effect upon his. pupil's life and teaching".<ref name=":2" /> Hicks graduated in 1888 with first class honours.<ref name=":0" /> Hicks then went to [[Manchester College, Oxford]], and followed the lectures of Wallace, Nettleship and [[Cook Wilson]].<ref name=":2" />


Elected a [[Hibbert Scholar]] 1891–96, Hicks did further research at the [[University of Leipzig]] under [[Wilhelm Wundt|Wundt]], Heinze, and Volelt and assisted Meumann in his experimental investigations on apprehension of time. Hicks also advanced his earlier studies in physiology but concentrated his greater efforts on a detailed textual study of Kant (and mastering the relevant literature). He gained his PhD at Leipzig in 1896 with a ''[[iarchive:diebegriffephnom00hick|thesis on Kant]]'' which was to be published the following year.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
Elected a [[Hibbert Scholar]] 1891–96, Hicks did further research at the [[University of Leipzig]] under [[Wilhelm Wundt|Wundt]], Heinze, and Volelt and assisted Meumann in his experimental investigations on apprehension of time. Hicks also advanced his earlier studies in physiology but concentrated his greater efforts on a detailed textual study of Kant (and mastering the relevant literature). He gained his PhD at Leipzig in 1896 with a ''[[iarchive:diebegriffephnom00hick|thesis on Kant]]'' which was to be published the following year.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />


On his return from Germany in 1897 Hicks became minister of Unity Church in Islington until 1903, and lectured for the London School of Ethics and Sociology. In 1904 he was made [[Litt.D]]. by [[Manchester University]] and was appointed to the Chair of Moral Philosophy. at University College, London (UCL).<ref name=":1" /> Hicks was the first person to fill the position which had lain vacant since UCL first advertised for two Chairs in philosophy in 1827. [[Carveth Read]] then the [[Grote Professor of the Philosophy of Mind and Logic|Grote Professor]] of Mind and Logic, as [[Jonathan Wolff (philosopher)|Jonathan Wolff]] reports, persuaded the College to make such an appointment and thus fulfill "for the first time the original conception of the Department".<ref name=":3" /> (Wollf notes that Hicks is sometimes referred to as a Grote Professor, but that he was never given the title and, indeed may not have been entitled to hold it, due to his involvement in religious ministry.<ref name=":3" />)
On his return from Germany in 1897 Hicks became minister of Unity Church in Islington until 1903, and lectured for the London School of Ethics and Sociology. In 1904 he was made [[Litt.D]]. by [[Manchester University]] and was appointed to the Chair of Moral Philosophy at University College, London (UCL).<ref name=":1" /> Hicks was the first person to fill the position which had lain vacant since UCL first advertised for two Chairs in philosophy in 1827. [[Carveth Read]] then the [[Grote Professor of the Philosophy of Mind and Logic|Grote Professor]] of Mind and Logic, as [[Jonathan Wolff (philosopher)|Jonathan Wolff]] reports, persuaded the College to make such an appointment and thus fulfill "for the first time the original conception of the Department".<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Jonathan|first=Wolff|author-link=Jonathan Wolff (philosopher)|year=2006|title=Philosophy at University College London: Part 1: From Jeremy Bentham to the Second World War|url=http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/665/|url-status=live|access-date=16 February 2018|website=sas-space.sas.ac.uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721034757/http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/665/ |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref> (Wollf notes that Hicks is sometimes referred to as a Grote Professor, but that he was never given the title and, indeed may not have been entitled to hold it, due to his involvement in religious ministry.<ref name=":3" />)


During his time at UCL, Hicks continued to live, at least partly, in Cambridge<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=DE BURGH|first=W. G.|date=29 March 1941|title=Prof. G. Dawes Hicks, F.B.A|journal=Nature|volume=147|issue=3726|pages=381–382|doi=10.1038/147381a0|doi-access=free}}</ref> where he regularly lectured at the [[University of Cambridge|university]], under the auspices of the Faculty of Moral Science, on Psychology and on the Philosophy of Kant (and examined in the Moral Sciences Tripos on the former).<ref name=":1" /> He also "as a labour of love" gave annual lectures at [[Carmarthen College]] (a training college for teachers at religious schools) which were to be published in 1928 under the title "Ways towards the Spiritual Life".<ref name=":4" /> (Hicks was also for thirty years a trustee of [[Dr. Williams's Library]].<ref name=":1" />)
During his time at UCL, Hicks continued to live, at least partly, in Cambridge<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=De Burgh|first=W. G.|date=29 March 1941|title=Prof. G. Dawes Hicks, F.B.A|journal=Nature|volume=147|issue=3726|pages=381–382|bibcode=1941Natur.147..381D|doi=10.1038/147381a0|doi-access=free}}</ref> where he regularly lectured at the [[University of Cambridge|university]], under the auspices of the Faculty of Moral Science, on Psychology and on the Philosophy of Kant (and examined in the Moral Sciences Tripos on the former).<ref name=":1" /> He also "as a labour of love" gave annual lectures at [[Carmarthen College]] (a training college for teachers at religious schools) which were to be published in 1928 under the title "Ways towards the Spiritual Life".<ref name=":4" /> (Hicks was also for thirty years a trustee of [[Dr. Williams's Library]].<ref name=":1" />)


[[S.V. Keeling]] (whose early studies at UCL were directed under Hick's advisement and who would later return there as an MA student and then as a lecturer during his tenure) describes Hicks as being, as a teacher "a man of single-mind, wholly engrossed in philosophy". Keeling reports that Hicks believed that philosophy "as no other subject, could impart to.. students an influence and a training such as would render them habitually reflective about their existence and destiny". Hicks "ever saw clearly that the spiritual value of philosophical studies far outweighed their academic importance" but denied "that philosophy could legitimately serve as a substitute for religion or for religious faith". Hick's significant efforts and influence as a teacher at UCL are testified to by Keeling, de Burgh and Stebbing alike and reported on by Wolf.
[[S.V. Keeling]] (whose early studies at UCL were directed under Hick's advisement and who would later return there as an MA student and then as a lecturer during his tenure) describes Hicks as being, as a teacher "a man of single-mind, wholly engrossed in philosophy". Keeling reports that Hicks believed that philosophy "as no other subject, could impart to.. students an influence and a training such as would render them habitually reflective about their existence and destiny". Hicks "ever saw clearly that the spiritual value of philosophical studies far outweighed their academic importance" but denied "that philosophy could legitimately serve as a substitute for religion or for religious faith". Hicks' significant efforts and influence as a teacher at UCL are testified to by Keeling, de Burgh and Stebbing alike and reported on by Wolff.


Having already been secretary of the [[Aristotelian Society]] for many years, Hicks was made its president in 1913 and was elected a fellow of the [[British Academy]] in 1927.<ref name=":4" /> He retired from UCL the following year and thereafter lived entirely in Cambridge but continued his long serving work as a sub-editor of the [[Hibbert Journal]] to his sick bed and, as Stebbing reports, "was writing his famous 'Philosophical Survey' for that ''Journal'' when death came, rather suddenly at the end" on 16 January 1941.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stebbing|first=L. Susan|year=1941|title=G. Dawes Hicks, F.B.A.|journal=Philosophy|volume=16|issue=63|pages=333|doi=10.1017/S0031819100002746|issn=1469-817X|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Having already been secretary of the [[Aristotelian Society]] for many years, Hicks was made its president in 1913 and was elected a fellow of the [[British Academy]] in 1927.<ref name=":4" /> He retired from UCL the following year and thereafter lived entirely in Cambridge but continued his long serving work as a sub-editor of the ''[[Hibbert Journal]]'' to his sick bed and, as Stebbing reports, "was writing his famous 'Philosophical Survey' for that ''Journal'' when death came, rather suddenly at the end" on 16 January 1941, aged 78.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stebbing|first=L. Susan|year=1941|title=G. Dawes Hicks, F.B.A.|journal=Philosophy|volume=16|issue=63|pages=333|doi=10.1017/S0031819100002746|issn=1469-817X|doi-access=free}}</ref>


==Philosophical theism==
⚫
== External links ==
* [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/philosophy/article/g-dawes-hicks-fba/91F7E32213456F73C50F656EA951328C G. Dawes Hicks, F.B.A] Open Access 'In Memoriam' by [[L. Susan Stebbing]] [[The Royal Institute of Philosophy]] 1941
* [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UZQqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA171&dq=George+Dawes+Hicks+dictionary+of+british+philosophers+brown&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj28-Pf6qrZAhXKDsAKHRtBCbcQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Dawes Hicks, George] Google Books viewable entry by [[Anthony Quinton]] in the Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers, edited by Stuart Brown, Diane Collinson, Robert Wilkinson (2005)


Hicks was a Christian theist in his personal life but authored ''The Philosophical Bases Of Theism'', a work on [[philosophical theism]] based on his Hibbert Lectures from 1931.<ref>{{cite journal|author=J. C. H.|year=1937|title=The Philosophical Bases of Theism|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/140485a0.pdf|volume=140|issue=3542|pages=485|doi=10.1038/140485a0|bibcode=1937Natur.140..485J |s2cid=4135601|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Burgh 1938">{{cite journal |author=Burgh |first=W. G. de |author-link=William de Burgh (philosopher) |year=1938 |title=Reviewed Work: The Philosophical Bases of Theism by G. Dawes Hicks |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2250374 |journal=[[Mind (journal)|Mind]] |volume=47 |issue=185 |pages=80–86 |url-access=subscription |via=[[JSTOR]]}}</ref> The book utilized cosmological, moral and teleological arguments for the existence of God. Hicks rejected any form of [[mysticism]] and disputed the evidence of religious belief from mystical experiences.<ref name=":4"/><ref>{{Cite book|last=Quinton|first=Anthony|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1100433484|title=Biographical dictionary of twentieth-century philosophers|date=2002|publisher=Routledge|others=Stuart C. Brown, Diane Collinson, Robert Wilkinson|isbn=978-1-134-92796-8|location=London|chapter=Dawes Hicks, George|oclc=1100433484|author-link=Anthony Quinton|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UZQqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA171}}</ref> The book argued for theism but was not concerned with Christianity or any other specific revelation. It has been described as Hicks' "most able and impressive work".<ref name="Burgh 1938"/>
== Select Bibliography ==


=== Major Philosophical Works ===
== Select bibliography ==

=== Major philosophical works ===


* ''[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006524735 Ways Towards the Spiritual Life]'' (1928)
* ''[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006524735 Ways Towards the Spiritual Life]'' (1928)
* ''Berkeley'' Ernest Benn Ltd., London, (1932)
* ''[[iarchive:berkeley0000hick|Berkeley]]'' Ernest Benn Ltd., London, (1932)
* [[iarchive:philosophicalbas028008mbp|''The Philosophical Bases Of Theism'']] [[Hibbert Lectures]] (1937) [At [[Internet Archive]]]
* [[iarchive:philosophicalbas028008mbp|''The Philosophical Bases Of Theism'']] [[Hibbert Lectures]] (1937)
* ''[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.173568|Critical Realism]]'' (1938) [At Internet Archive]
* ''[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.173568|Critical Realism]]'' (1938) [At Internet Archive]


=== Journal Articles ===
=== Journal articles/book chapters ===


* '''''Sense-Presentation and Thought''','' ''[[Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society]]'' New Series, Vol. 6 (1905–1906), pp. 271–346 – available to read, along with Hick's '''''Appearances and Real Existence''''' [originally published in ''Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society,'' New Series, Volume XIV (1913–1914), pp. 1–48] [https://www.aristoteliansociety.org.uk/pdf/2014%20AS%20Virtual%20Issue%202.pdf here]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160601123354/https://www.aristoteliansociety.org.uk/pdf/2014%20AS%20Virtual%20Issue%202.pdf "Sense-Presentation and Thought"]'','' ''[[Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society]]'' New Series, Vol. 6 (1905–1906), pp.271–346 available [https://www.aristoteliansociety.org.uk/pdf/2014%20AS%20Virtual%20Issue%202.pdf here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601123354/https://www.aristoteliansociety.org.uk/pdf/2014%20AS%20Virtual%20Issue%202.pdf |date=1 June 2016 }},
*"Appearances and Real Existence" ''Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society,'' New Series, Volume XIV (1913–1914), pp. 1–48 available [https://www.aristoteliansociety.org.uk/pdf/2014%20AS%20Virtual%20Issue%202.pdf here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601123354/https://www.aristoteliansociety.org.uk/pdf/2014%20AS%20Virtual%20Issue%202.pdf |date=1 June 2016 }}
*''[http://hist-analytic.com/Hicks1912-1913.pdf The Nature of Willing]'' ''Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society'' New Series, Vol. 13 (1912–1913), pp. 27–65 [Open Access]
* ''[https://archive.org/stream/mindpsycho21edinuoft#page/398/mode/2up/search/dawes+hicks The Nature of Sense-Data]'', [[Mind (journal)|''Mind'']] Vol. 21, No. 83 (Jul. 1912), pp. 399–409. Available via Internet Archive [As is [https://archive.org/stream/mindpsycho22edinuoft#page/76/mode/2up/search/dawes+hicks Th''e Nature of Sense-Data.-A Reply to Dr. Dawes Hicks''], by [[Bertrand Russell]], ''Mind'', Vol. 22, No. 85 (Jan. 1913), pp. 76–8
*[http://hist-analytic.com/Hicks1912-1913.pdf "The Nature of Willing"] ''Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society'' New Series, Vol. 13 (1912–1913), pp.27–65
* [https://archive.org/stream/mindpsycho21edinuoft#page/398/mode/2up/search/dawes+hicks "The Nature of Sense-Data"], [[Mind (journal)|''Mind'']] Vol. 21, No. 83 (Jul. 1912), pp.399–409. Available via Internet Archive [As is [https://archive.org/stream/mindpsycho22edinuoft#page/76/mode/2up/search/dawes+hicks "The Nature of Sense-Data.-A Reply to Dr. Dawes Hicks"], by [[Bertrand Russell]], ''Mind'', Vol. 22, No. 85 (Jan. 1913), pp.76–8]
* [[iarchive:dli.ministry.11492/page/107/mode/1up|"From Idealism to Realism"]] in ''[[iarchive:dli.ministry.11492|Contemporary British philosophy]]'' (1925)


=== Further Scholarly Works ===
=== Further scholarly works ===


* ''Foreword'' to ''[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.218861|Kant's Conception Of God]]'' by F. E. England (1929) [At Internet Archive]
* [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.218861/page/n15/mode/1up|"Foreword"]] in ''[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.218861/page/n7/mode/1up|Kant's Conception Of God]]'' by F. E. England (1929) [At Internet Archive]
* ''[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3745678 A Century of Philosophy at University College, London]'' (1928) [[Journal of Philosophical Studies]], Vol. 3, No. 12 (Oct. 1928), pp. 468–482 (Free to read with registration at [[JSTOR]])
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3745678 "A Century of Philosophy at University College, London"] (1928) ''[[Journal of Philosophical Studies]]'', Vol. 3, No. 12 (Oct. 1928), pp.468–482 (Free to read with registration at [[JSTOR]])


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


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== External links ==
⚫
{{Authority control}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210312124302/http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-33855 "Hicks, George Dawes (1862–1941)"].(2004) Alan Dorward, revised by C. A. Creffield, ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]''. (Archived by [[Wayback Machine]])
* Alan R. Ruston, Ch. 4: "The HIbbert Journal", ''[https://www.unitarian.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1984_Hibbert_Trust_History.pdf The Hibbert Trust: A History]'' (1984)


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{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hicks, Dawes George}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hicks, Dawes George}}

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[[Category:British philosophers]]
[[Category:English Unitarians]]
[[Category:Fellows of the British Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of the British Academy]]
[[Category:Metaphysicians]]
[[Category:British metaphysicians]]
[[Category:Writers from Shrewsbury]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Aristotelian Society]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Aristotelian Society]]
[[Category:People educated at Royal Grammar School, Guildford]]
[[Category:People educated at Royal Grammar School, Guildford]]
[[Category:Philosophical theists]]

Revision as of 18:17, 6 July 2024

Dawes Hicks
G. Dawes Hicks (from a group photograph taken in Cambridge in 1915
Born14 September 1862
Shrewsbury
Died16 February 1941
Occupation(s)Philosopher, writer

George Dawes Hicks FBA (14 September 1862 – 16 February 1941) was a British philosopher who was the first professor of moral philosophy at University College, London from 1904 until 1928 and professor emeritus thereafter until his death.

Biography

Hicks, eldest son of solicitor Christopher Hicks, was born in Shrewsbury on 14 September 1862 and educated at the Royal Grammar School, Guildford.[1][2] He initially went on to study law within his father's legal practice.[3] Hicks won a scholarship and went, in 1884, to Owens College Manchester to study philosophy (and gain some knowledge of the natural sciences). He did so under Robert Adamson "whose philosophical scholarship and acuteness exercised the most radical and lasting effect upon his. pupil's life and teaching".[1] Hicks graduated in 1888 with first class honours.[3] Hicks then went to Manchester College, Oxford, and followed the lectures of Wallace, Nettleship and Cook Wilson.[1]

Elected a Hibbert Scholar 1891–96, Hicks did further research at the University of Leipzig under Wundt, Heinze, and Volelt and assisted Meumann in his experimental investigations on apprehension of time. Hicks also advanced his earlier studies in physiology but concentrated his greater efforts on a detailed textual study of Kant (and mastering the relevant literature). He gained his PhD at Leipzig in 1896 with a thesis on Kant which was to be published the following year.[2][1]

On his return from Germany in 1897 Hicks became minister of Unity Church in Islington until 1903, and lectured for the London School of Ethics and Sociology. In 1904 he was made Litt.D. by Manchester University and was appointed to the Chair of Moral Philosophy at University College, London (UCL).[2] Hicks was the first person to fill the position which had lain vacant since UCL first advertised for two Chairs in philosophy in 1827. Carveth Read then the Grote Professor of Mind and Logic, as Jonathan Wolff reports, persuaded the College to make such an appointment and thus fulfill "for the first time the original conception of the Department".[4] (Wollf notes that Hicks is sometimes referred to as a Grote Professor, but that he was never given the title and, indeed may not have been entitled to hold it, due to his involvement in religious ministry.[4])

During his time at UCL, Hicks continued to live, at least partly, in Cambridge[5] where he regularly lectured at the university, under the auspices of the Faculty of Moral Science, on Psychology and on the Philosophy of Kant (and examined in the Moral Sciences Tripos on the former).[2] He also "as a labour of love" gave annual lectures at Carmarthen College (a training college for teachers at religious schools) which were to be published in 1928 under the title "Ways towards the Spiritual Life".[5] (Hicks was also for thirty years a trustee of Dr. Williams's Library.[2])

S.V. Keeling (whose early studies at UCL were directed under Hick's advisement and who would later return there as an MA student and then as a lecturer during his tenure) describes Hicks as being, as a teacher "a man of single-mind, wholly engrossed in philosophy". Keeling reports that Hicks believed that philosophy "as no other subject, could impart to.. students an influence and a training such as would render them habitually reflective about their existence and destiny". Hicks "ever saw clearly that the spiritual value of philosophical studies far outweighed their academic importance" but denied "that philosophy could legitimately serve as a substitute for religion or for religious faith". Hicks' significant efforts and influence as a teacher at UCL are testified to by Keeling, de Burgh and Stebbing alike and reported on by Wolff.

Having already been secretary of the Aristotelian Society for many years, Hicks was made its president in 1913 and was elected a fellow of the British Academy in 1927.[5] He retired from UCL the following year and thereafter lived entirely in Cambridge but continued his long serving work as a sub-editor of the Hibbert Journal to his sick bed and, as Stebbing reports, "was writing his famous 'Philosophical Survey' for that Journal when death came, rather suddenly at the end" on 16 January 1941, aged 78.[6]

Philosophical theism

Hicks was a Christian theist in his personal life but authored The Philosophical Bases Of Theism, a work on philosophical theism based on his Hibbert Lectures from 1931.[7][8] The book utilized cosmological, moral and teleological arguments for the existence of God. Hicks rejected any form of mysticism and disputed the evidence of religious belief from mystical experiences.[5][9] The book argued for theism but was not concerned with Christianity or any other specific revelation. It has been described as Hicks' "most able and impressive work".[8]

Select bibliography

Major philosophical works

Journal articles/book chapters

Further scholarly works

References

  1. ^ a b c d Anonymous (18 February 1941). "DR. G. D. HICKS". The Times.
  2. ^ a b c d e Keeling, S. V. (1941). "George Dawes Hicks". Mind. 50 (199): 306–309. doi:10.1093/mind/L.199.306. JSTOR 2250986.
  3. ^ a b Ruston, Alan (2006). "Hicks, George Dawes (1862–1941". The Continuum encyclopedia of British philosophy. Grayling, A. C., Pyle, Andrew., Goulder, Naomi. Bristol: Thoemmes Continuum. ISBN 9780199754694. OCLC 676714142. Archived from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  4. ^ a b Jonathan, Wolff (2006). "Philosophy at University College London: Part 1: From Jeremy Bentham to the Second World War". sas-space.sas.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d De Burgh, W. G. (29 March 1941). "Prof. G. Dawes Hicks, F.B.A". Nature. 147 (3726): 381–382. Bibcode:1941Natur.147..381D. doi:10.1038/147381a0.
  6. ^ Stebbing, L. Susan (1941). "G. Dawes Hicks, F.B.A." Philosophy. 16 (63): 333. doi:10.1017/S0031819100002746. ISSN 1469-817X.
  7. ^ J. C. H. (1937). "The Philosophical Bases of Theism" (PDF). Nature. 140 (3542): 485. Bibcode:1937Natur.140..485J. doi:10.1038/140485a0. S2CID 4135601.
  8. ^ a b Burgh, W. G. de (1938). "Reviewed Work: The Philosophical Bases of Theism by G. Dawes Hicks". Mind. 47 (185): 80–86 – via JSTOR.
  9. ^ Quinton, Anthony (2002). "Dawes Hicks, George". Biographical dictionary of twentieth-century philosophers. Stuart C. Brown, Diane Collinson, Robert Wilkinson. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-92796-8. OCLC 1100433484.
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