Qajar (tribe): Difference between revisions
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It’s a dialect not a completely different language, look at tge main article about the Azerbaijani language. Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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{{Infobox ethnic group |
{{Infobox ethnic group |
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| group = Qajar |
| group = Qajar |
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| image = |
| image = File:Coat of arms of Persia (endonym; Iran) in the 1860s.jpg |
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| image_caption = |
| image_caption = Heraldic coat of arms of the Qajar dynasty, the heads of the Qajar tribe. |
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| total = over 35,000 |
| total = over 35,000 |
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| total_year = 1994 |
| total_year = 1994 |
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| poptime = |
| poptime = |
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| popplace = {{flagcountry|Iran}} |
| popplace = {{flagcountry|Iran}} |
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| languages = [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Azerbaijani, South |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/azb/ |website=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=2 March 2023}}</ref> |
| languages = [[Persian language|Persian]]<br>[[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Azerbaijani, South |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/azb/ |website=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=2 March 2023}}</ref> |
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| rels = [[Islam]]<ref>{{cite web |title=КАДЖАРЫ |url=https://www.vedu.ru/bigencdic/25095/ |website=Большой энциклопедический словарь |access-date=2 March 2023 |language=ru}}</ref> |
| rels = [[Islam]]<ref>{{cite web |title=КАДЖАРЫ |url=https://www.vedu.ru/bigencdic/25095/ |website=Большой энциклопедический словарь |access-date=2 March 2023 |language=ru}}</ref> |
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| related = [[Oghuz Turks]] |
| related = [[Oghuz Turks]] |
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| caption2 = [[Ahmad Shah Qajar]], final [[shah]] (King) of the Qajar dynasty |
| caption2 = [[Ahmad Shah Qajar]], final [[shah]] (King) of the Qajar dynasty |
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}} |
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The '''Qajars''' ({{lang- |
The '''Qajars''' ({{lang-fa|ایل قاجار|translit=Ile Ǧâjâr}}; {{lang-az|قاجارلار|translit=Qacarlar}}){{efn|also spelled '''Kadjars''', '''Kajars''', '''Kadzhars''', '''Cadzhars''', '''Cadjars''', '''Ghajars''', etc.}} are a clan of the [[Bayat (tribe)|Bayat tribe]] of the [[Oghuz Turks]] who lived variously, with other tribes, in the area that is now [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]] and northwestern [[Iran]]. |
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the end of the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] era, they had split into several factions.{{sfn|Atkin|1980|page=9}} These included the [[Ziyadoghlu Qajar|Ziyādoghlu]] (Ziādlu), associated with the area of [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] and [[Yerevan]], as well as the Qoyunlu (Qāvānlu), and Davālu (Devehlu) the latter two associated with the northern areas of contemporary Iran.{{sfn|Atkin|1980|page=9}} |
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== Background == |
== Background == |
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The Qajars were one of the original [[Turkoman (ethnonym)|Turkoman]] [[Qizilbash]] tribes that emerged and spread in Asia Minor around tenth and eleventh centuries.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Religious Interactions in Europe and the Mediterranean World: Coexistence and Dialogue from the 12th to the 20th Centuries|last=Fukasawa|first=Katsumi|last2=Kaplan|first2=Benjamin J.|last3=Beaurepaire|first3=Pierre-Yves|date=2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781138743205|location=Oxon| |
The Qajars were one of the original [[Turkoman (ethnonym)|Turkoman]] [[Qizilbash]] tribes that emerged and spread in Asia Minor around tenth and eleventh centuries.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Religious Interactions in Europe and the Mediterranean World: Coexistence and Dialogue from the 12th to the 20th Centuries|last=Fukasawa|first=Katsumi|last2=Kaplan|first2=Benjamin J.|last3=Beaurepaire|first3=Pierre-Yves|date=2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781138743205|location=Oxon|page=280}}</ref> They later supplied power to the Safavids since this dynasty's earliest days.<ref name=":0" /> Numerous members of the Qajar tribe held prominent ranks in the Safavid state. In 1794, a Qajar chieftain, [[Mohammad Khan Qajar|Agha Mohammed]], a member of the Qoyunlu branch of the Qajars, founded the [[Qajar dynasty]] which replaced the [[Zand dynasty]] in Iran. He launched his campaign from his power base south of the Caspian Sea, capturing its capital Isfahan in 1785.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=War in the Eighteenth-Century World|last=Black|first=Jeremy|date=2012|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-230-37002-9|location=New York|pages=141}}</ref> A year later, Tehran accepted Mohammed's authority.<ref name=":1" /> |
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According to ''Olson et al''., which was published in 1994 and specifically deals with the ethnography of the [[Russian Empire]] and [[Soviet Union]], the Qajars were historically a Turkic tribe that lived in Armenia. They resettled in the region of Azerbaijan during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They are considered to be a subgroup of the [[Azerbaijanis]].<ref name="olson" /> ''Olston et al''. adds that in the 1980s the Qajar population exceeded 35,000 people, most of whom lived in Iran.<ref name="olson" /> |
According to ''Olson et al''., which was published in 1994 and specifically deals with the ethnography of the [[Russian Empire]] and [[Soviet Union]], the Qajars were historically a Turkic tribe that lived in Armenia. They resettled in the region of Azerbaijan during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They are sometimes considered to be a subgroup of the [[Iranian Azerbaijanis]].<ref name="olson" /> ''Olston et al''. adds that in the 1980s the Qajar population exceeded 35,000 people, most of whom lived in Iran.<ref name="olson" /> |
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A branch, attested only as ‘Kadzhar’ (i.e. ‘Qajar’ via Cyrillic transcription), lived in [[Russian Armenia]] in the 19th century and likely earlier. In 1873, they numbered 5,000.{{cn|date=March 2023}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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*{{EI2| |
* {{EI2|last=Lambton|first=A.K.S.|title=Ḳād̲j̲ār|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/kadjar-SIM_3768?s.num=1&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=Kadjar|pages=387-399|volume=4}} |
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* {{EI2|last=Sümer|first=Faruk|title=Ḳād̲j̲ār|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/kadjar-SIM_3767?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=Kadjar|page=387|volume=4}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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Revision as of 05:30, 7 July 2024
_in_the_1860s.jpg) Heraldic coat of arms of the Qajar dynasty, the heads of the Qajar tribe. | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| over 35,000[1] (1994) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Iran | |
| Languages | |
| Persian Azerbaijani[2] | |
| Religion | |
| Islam[3] | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Oghuz Turks |
The Qajars (Persian: ایل قاجار, romanized: Ile Ǧâjâr; Azerbaijani: قاجارلار, romanized: Qacarlar)[a] are a clan of the Bayat tribe of the Oghuz Turks who lived variously, with other tribes, in the area that is now Armenia, Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran.
the end of the Safavid era, they had split into several factions.[4] These included the Ziyādoghlu (Ziādlu), associated with the area of Ganja and Yerevan, as well as the Qoyunlu (Qāvānlu), and Davālu (Devehlu) the latter two associated with the northern areas of contemporary Iran.[4]
Background
The Qajars were one of the original Turkoman Qizilbash tribes that emerged and spread in Asia Minor around tenth and eleventh centuries.[5] They later supplied power to the Safavids since this dynasty's earliest days.[5] Numerous members of the Qajar tribe held prominent ranks in the Safavid state. In 1794, a Qajar chieftain, Agha Mohammed, a member of the Qoyunlu branch of the Qajars, founded the Qajar dynasty which replaced the Zand dynasty in Iran. He launched his campaign from his power base south of the Caspian Sea, capturing its capital Isfahan in 1785.[6] A year later, Tehran accepted Mohammed's authority.[6]
According to Olson et al., which was published in 1994 and specifically deals with the ethnography of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union, the Qajars were historically a Turkic tribe that lived in Armenia. They resettled in the region of Azerbaijan during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They are sometimes considered to be a subgroup of the Iranian Azerbaijanis.[1] Olston et al. adds that in the 1980s the Qajar population exceeded 35,000 people, most of whom lived in Iran.[1]
See also
Notes
- ^ also spelled Kadjars, Kajars, Kadzhars, Cadzhars, Cadjars, Ghajars, etc.
References
- ^ a b c Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Lee Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas Charles (1994). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-313-27497-8.
- ^ "Azerbaijani, South". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
- ^ "КАДЖАРЫ". Большой энциклопедический словарь (in Russian). Retrieved 2 March 2023.
- ^ a b Atkin 1980, p. 9.
- ^ a b Fukasawa, Katsumi; Kaplan, Benjamin J.; Beaurepaire, Pierre-Yves (2017). Religious Interactions in Europe and the Mediterranean World: Coexistence and Dialogue from the 12th to the 20th Centuries. Oxon: Taylor & Francis. p. 280. ISBN 9781138743205.
- ^ a b Black, Jeremy (2012). War in the Eighteenth-Century World. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-230-37002-9.
Sources
- Akiner, Shiran (1983) Islamic Peoples of the Soviet Union Kegan Paul International, London, ISBN 0-7103-0025-5
- Atkin, Muriel (1980). Russia and Iran, 1780–1828. U of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-5697-4.
- Wixman, Ronald (1984) The Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook
Further reading
- Lambton, A.K.S. (1978). "Ḳād̲j̲ār". In van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IV: Iran–Kha. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 387–399. OCLC 758278456.
- Sümer, Faruk (1978). "Ḳād̲j̲ār". In van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IV: Iran–Kha. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 387. OCLC 758278456.
External links
- International Qajar Studies Association. Origins of the Qajars (Kadjars)
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