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[[File:Mission San Antonio de Pala - 01.JPG|thumb|[[San Antonio de Pala Asistencia]], an asistencia of [[Mission San Luis Rey de Francia]], is located in [[Pala, California]]]]
[[File:Mission San Antonio de Pala - 01.JPG|thumb|[[San Antonio de Pala Asistencia]], an asistencia of [[Mission San Luis Rey de Francia]], is located in [[Pala, California]]]]
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'''Asistencias''' are sub-missions of Catholic Missions. Asistencias were smaller branch missions of the [[Spanish missions in California]] and the [[Spanish missions in Baja California|Baja California Peninsula]]. They allowed the church to extend their reach into the native population at a modest cost. Asistencia were much smaller than the main missions with living quarters, workshops and crops in addition to a church.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factcards.califa.org/mli/asistencias.html |title=California Mission Life |publisher=Factcards.califa.org |date= |accessdate=2015-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.missiontrailtoday.com/code/mission_ae.htm |title=Mission Trail Today - Mission Asistencias and Estancias |publisher=U.S. Mission Trail |date= |accessdate=2015-06-17}}</ref>


'''Asistencias''' or '''visitas''' were smaller [[Mission (station)|sub-missions]] of [[Catholicism|Catholic]] missions established during the 16th-19th centuries of the [[Spanish colonization of the Americas]] and the [[History of the Philippines (1565–1898)|Philippines]]. They allowed the Catholic church and the [[Spanish Empire|Spanish crown]] to extend their reach into [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|native populations]] at a modest cost.
==Examples==
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===Extant asistencias===
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* [[Visita de San Juan Bautista Londó]] was established in 1699 as an asistencia of [[Misión San José de Comondú]].
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* [[San Pedro y San Pablo Asistencia]] was established in 1786 as an asistencia of [[Mission San Francisco de Asís]].
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* [[San Antonio de Pala Asistencia]] was established in 1816 as an asistencia of [[Mission San Luis Rey de Francia]].


==Description==
===Elevated to mission status===
Asistencias were much smaller than the main missions with living quarters, workshops and crops in addition to a church. They were typically staffed with a small group of clergymen and a relatively small group of indigenous neophytes in order to maintain the complex.
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* [[Mission San Cosme y Damián de Tucsón]] was established in 1692 as an asistencia of [[Mission San Xavier del Bac]] before being elevated to the status of mission in 1768.
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* [[Misión Santa Rosa de las Palmas]] was established in 1724 as an asistencia of [[Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí]] before being elevated to the status of mission in 1733.
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* [[Mission San Rafael Arcángel]] was established in 1817 as a medical asistencia of [[Mission San Francisco de Asís]] before being elevated to the status of mission in 1822.


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Particularly strategic asistencias were later elevated to the status of a full [[Mission (station)|mission]]. This typically included an expansion of existing facilities to support a larger clergy and indigenous neophyte population, improvement of basic infrastructure such as roads, and rechristening under a new [[List of Catholic saints|Catholic saint]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factcards.califa.org/mli/asistencias.html |title=California Mission Life |publisher=Factcards.califa.org |date= |accessdate=2015-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.missiontrailtoday.com/code/mission_ae.htm |title=Mission Trail Today - Mission Asistencias and Estancias |publisher=U.S. Mission Trail |date= |accessdate=2015-06-17}}</ref>
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==References==
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{{Reflist}}


In [[Spanish missions in Florida|Spanish Florida]], ''visitas'' were mission stations without a resident missionary. Church buildings at ''visitas'' were simple, or sometimes absent.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Worth |first=John E. |title=Timucua Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida. Volume 1: Assimilation |publisher=University Press of Florida |year=1998 |isbn=0-8130-1575-8 |location=Gainesville, Florida |page=35}}</ref> ''Visitas'' were often in satellite villages associated with a town with a ''doctrina'' (a mission with one or more resident missionaries). The mission of [[San Juan del Puerto, Florida|San Juan del Puerto]] served nine ''visitas'' in 1602.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hann |first=John H. |date=April 1990 |title=Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas with Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries |journal=The Americas |volume=46 |issue=4 |page=436 |doi=10.2307/1006866 |jstor=1006866 |s2cid=147329347}}</ref>


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==List of asistencias==
The following is a list of asistencias that remained so at the time of their abandonment, sorted by year of establishment.
{{incomplete list|date=January 2022}}

===Arizona===
* [[Visita de San Ignacio de Sonoitac]] was established in 1691 as a visita to [[Mission San José de Tumacácori|Mission San Cayetano de Tumacácori]].

===Baja California===
* [[Visita de Calamajué]] was established in 1766 as a visita to [[Misión San Francisco Borja]].
* [[Visita de San Telmo]] was established in 1798 as a visita to [[Misión Santo Domingo de la Frontera]].

===Baja California Sur===
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* [[Visita de San Juan Bautista Londó]] was established in 1699 as a visita to [[Misión San José de Comondú]].
* [[Visita de Angel de la Guarda]] was established in 1721 as a visita to [[Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí]].
* [[Visita de la Presentación]] was established in 1769 as a visita to [[Misión San Francisco Javier de Viggé-Biaundó]].
* [[Visita de San Juan de Dios]] was established in 1769 as a visita to [[Misión San Fernando Rey de España de Velicatá]].
* [[Visita de San José de Magdalena]] was established in 1774 as a visita to [[Misión Santa Rosalía de Mulegé]].

===California===
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* [[San Pedro y San Pablo Asistencia]] was established in 1786 as an asistencia to [[Mission San Francisco de Asís]].
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* [[San Antonio de Pala Asistencia]] was established in 1816 as an asistencia to [[Mission San Luis Rey de Francia]].
* [[Santa Ysabel Asistencia]] was established in 1818 as an asistencia to [[Mission San Diego de Alcalá]].

===Sonora===
* [[Visita de San José de Ímuris]] was established in 1687 as a visita to [[Misión San Ignacio de Caborica]].
* [[Visita de Santa Teresa de Atil]] was established in 1692 as a visita to [[Mission San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama]].

==List of former asistencias==
The following is a list of asistencias that were elevated to the status of mission, sorted by year of establishment.
{{incomplete list|date=January 2022}}
===Arizona===
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* [[Mission San Cosme y Damián de Tucsón]] was established in 1692 as the ''Visita de San Agustín'' to [[Mission San Xavier del Bac]]. It was elevated to the status of mission in 1768.

===Baja California Sur===
* [[Misión Nuestra Señora de los Dolores del Sur Chillá|Misión Nuestra Señora de los Dolores del Sur Apaté]] was established in 1721 as the ''Visita de la Pasión'' to [[Misión Nuestra Señora de los Dolores del Sur Chillá]]. It was elevated to the status of mission in 1733.
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* [[Misión Santa Rosa de las Palmas]] was established in 1724 as the ''Visita de Todos Santos'' to [[Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí]]. It was elevated to the status of mission in 1733.
* [[Visita de la Presentación]], founded in 1769, closed in 1817.

===California===
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* [[Mission San Rafael Arcángel]] was established as a [[Hospital|medical]] asistencia to [[Mission San Francisco de Asís]] in 1817. It was elevated to the status of mission 1822.

===Sonora===
[[File:Misión de San Diego de Pitiquito noche.jpg|thumb|200px|Misión San Diego de Pitiquito in [[Pitiquito]], [[Sonora]]]]
*[[Misión San Valentin del Bizani]] was established as a visita to [[Misión San Ignacio de Caborica]] in 1687. It was elevated to the status of mission in 1694.
*[[Misión San Diego de Pitiquito]] was established as a visita to [[Misión San Ignacio de Caborica]] in 1689. It was elevated to the status of mission in 1695.

==See also==
* [[Estancia]] - Spanish colonial ranch
* [[Reductions]]

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==References==
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{{Reflist}}


{{California Missions}}
{{California Missions}}
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[[Category:Roman Catholic churches in California|.A]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches in California|.A]]
[[Category:The Californias]]
[[Category:The Californias]]
[[Category:Western (genre) staples and terminology]]


{{US-hist-stub}}

Revision as of 15:49, 7 July 2024

San Antonio de Pala Asistencia, an asistencia of Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, is located in Pala, California

Asistencias or visitas were smaller sub-missions of Catholic missions established during the 16th-19th centuries of the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines. They allowed the Catholic church and the Spanish crown to extend their reach into native populations at a modest cost.

Description

Asistencias were much smaller than the main missions with living quarters, workshops and crops in addition to a church. They were typically staffed with a small group of clergymen and a relatively small group of indigenous neophytes in order to maintain the complex.

Particularly strategic asistencias were later elevated to the status of a full mission. This typically included an expansion of existing facilities to support a larger clergy and indigenous neophyte population, improvement of basic infrastructure such as roads, and rechristening under a new Catholic saint.[1][2]

In Spanish Florida, visitas were mission stations without a resident missionary. Church buildings at visitas were simple, or sometimes absent.[3] Visitas were often in satellite villages associated with a town with a doctrina (a mission with one or more resident missionaries). The mission of San Juan del Puerto served nine visitas in 1602.[4]

List of asistencias

The following is a list of asistencias that remained so at the time of their abandonment, sorted by year of establishment.

Arizona

Baja California

Baja California Sur

California

Sonora

List of former asistencias

The following is a list of asistencias that were elevated to the status of mission, sorted by year of establishment.

Arizona

Baja California Sur

California

Sonora

Misión San Diego de Pitiquito in Pitiquito, Sonora

See also

References

  1. ^ "California Mission Life". Factcards.califa.org. Retrieved 2015-06-12.
  2. ^ "Mission Trail Today - Mission Asistencias and Estancias". U.S. Mission Trail. Retrieved 2015-06-17.
  3. ^ Worth, John E. (1998). Timucua Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida. Volume 1: Assimilation. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. p. 35. ISBN 0-8130-1575-8.
  4. ^ Hann, John H. (April 1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas with Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 436. doi:10.2307/1006866. JSTOR 1006866. S2CID 147329347.
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