John Hamilton (archbishop of St Andrews): Difference between revisions

The Most Reverend

John Hamilton
The Most Reverend; John Hamilton
Archbishop of St Andrews; Primate of Scotland
Church	Roman Catholic
Archdiocese	St Andrews
Appointed	28 November 1547
In office	1547–1571
Predecessor	David Beaton
Successor	Gavin Hamilton
Previous post(s)	Bishop of Dunkeld (1544-1546)
Orders
Consecration	22 August 1546
Personal details
Born	3 February 1512
Died	6 April 1571 (aged 59); Stirling, Scotland
Nationality	Scottish
Parents	James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran & Mrs Boyd[citation needed]
Partner	Grizzel Sempill
Children	6

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John Hamilton (3 February 1512 – 6 April 1571), Scottish prelate and politician, was an illegitimate son of The 1st Earl of Arran (in the Peerage of Scotland).^[1]

Brother of the Regent

At a very early age Hamilton became a monk and Abbot of Paisley. After studying in Paris he returned to Scotland, where he soon rose to a position of power and influence under his half-brother, The 2nd Earl of Arran, who was serving as Regent. He was made Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland in 1543 and bishop of Dunkeld two years later; in 1546 he followed Cardinal Beaton as Archbishop of St Andrews, and about the same time he became treasurer of the kingdom.^[2]

In 1553 the Italian physician Gerolamo Cardano cured him of a disease that had left him speechless and was thought incurable. The diplomat Thomas Randolph recorded the "merry tales" rumoured about his methods still current in Edinburgh nine years later.^[3] Cardano himself wrote that the Archbishop had been short of breath for ten years, and after the cure was effected by his assistant, he was paid 1,400 gold crowns.^[4] While the Archbishop was unwell, his brother was persuaded to give up the Regency of Scotland to Mary of Guise.^[5]

He made vigorous efforts to stay the growth of Protestantism, but with one or two exceptions persecution was not the policy of Archbishop Hamilton, and in the interests of the Roman Catholic faith, a catechism called Hamilton's Catechism (published with an introduction by TG Law in 1884) was drawn up and printed, possibly at his instigation.^[2]

Having incurred the displeasure of the Protestants, now the dominant party in Scotland, the Archbishop was imprisoned in 1563. After his release he was an active partisan of Mary, Queen of Scots; he baptised her son, the future King James VI, and pronounced the divorce of the queen from Bothwell. He was present at the Battle of Langside.^[2]

Assassination of Regent Moray

John Hamilton, with his brother James, acquired a house on the south side of Linlithgow High Street in 1550.^[6] In 1570 from this house, his nephew or close kinsman, James Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh, assassinated James Stuart, Earl of Moray, the Regent of Scotland. During the aftermath, John Hamilton later took refuge in Dumbarton Castle.

The castle fell to a surprise night attack, led by Thomas Crawford of Jordanhill, and Archbishop Hamilton was captured. Concerned lest the English should seek to have the Archbishop spared, the leaders of the King's party had Hamilton speedily tried and convicted of art and part in the murder of the Regent Moray and Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. At 6 pm on 6 April 1571, three days after his capture, he was hanged beside the Mercat Cross of Stirling.^[7]

Children

Archbishop Hamilton had six children by his mistress, Grizzel Sempill, the daughter of Robert Sempill, 3rd Lord Sempill. Two of his children were legitimated on 22 January 1547 and 24 September 1548 respectively.

Notes and references

^ "John Hamilton". Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 February 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c Chisholm 1911.
^ Bain 1898, p. 592: "There is a merry tale that Cardanus the Italian took upon him to cure the Bishop of St. Andrews of a disease judged by all incurable. He practised on him divers strange inventions hung him certains hours a day by the heels ... "
^ Cardanus, Gerolamo, De Propria Vita Liber: His Own Life, Amsterdam, (1654), pp.136–7, (Latin)
^ Melville, James, Memoirs of his own life, Brookman, (1833), 21, 73
^ Protocol book of James Foulis, SRS (1926), nos. 85, 145.
^ Dawson, Janes E. A., Scotland Reformed, pp. 275–276.

Bain, Joseph, ed. (1898), Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547–1603, vol. 1, Edinburgh: H M General Register House
Rainer Haas, Allerlei Protestanten – Christus-Zeugen aus der Tudor-Zeit, darin: 5. John Hamilton – war der spätere Erzbischof von St.Andrews 1527 als Student in Marburg an der Lahn?, Nordhausen, 2010
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hamilton, John". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 887.
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1910). "John Hamilton" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney, eds. (1890). "Hamilton, John (1511?-1571)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 24. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

External links

Horoscope of John Hamilton, by Gerolamo Cardano, In Cl. Ptolemaei de Astrorum Indiciis , Basel (1554)

Political offices
Preceded by David Beaton	Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland 1542–1547	Succeeded by Lord Ruthven
Religious titles
Preceded by Robert Shaw	Commendator-Abbot of Paisley 1525–1553	Succeeded by Claud Hamilton
Preceded by George Crichton	Bishop of Dunkeld 1544/1546–1547	Succeeded by Robert Crichton
Preceded by David Beaton	Archbishop of St. Andrews 1547/1549–1571	Succeeded by Gavin Hamilton
Academic offices
Preceded by David Beaton	Chancellor of the University of St Andrews 1547–1571	Succeeded by John Douglas

[1] "John Hamilton". Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 February 2007.

[FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-2] Chisholm 1911.

[FOOTNOTEBain1898[httpsarchiveorgdetailscalendarstatepa00baingoogpagen640_592]-3] Bain 1898, p. 592: "There is a merry tale that Cardanus the Italian took upon him to cure the Bishop of St. Andrews of a disease judged by all incurable. He practised on him divers strange inventions hung him certains hours a day by the heels ... "

[4] Cardanus, Gerolamo, De Propria Vita Liber: His Own Life, Amsterdam, (1654), pp.136–7, (Latin)

[5] Melville, James, Memoirs of his own life, Brookman, (1833), 21, 73

[6] Protocol book of James Foulis, SRS (1926), nos. 85, 145.

[7] Dawson, Janes E. A., Scotland Reformed, pp. 275–276.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Scottish prelate and politician (1512–1571)}}
-{{other people||John Hamilton (disambiguation){{!}}John Hamilton}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2012}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
-{{Use British English|date=June 2012}}
+{{EngvarB|date=November 2018}}
+{{Infobox Christian leader
-'''[[The Most Reverend|The Most Rev.]] [[Dr.]] John Hamilton''' (3 February 1512 – 6 April 1571), [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[prelate]] and [[politician]], was an illegitimate son of [[James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07123b.htm|title=John Hamilton|work=[[Catholic Encyclopedia]] |accessdate=2007-02-18}}</ref>
+| type = Archbishop
+| honorific_prefix = [[The Most Reverend]]
+| name = John Hamilton
+| honorific_suffix =
+| title = [[Archbishop of St Andrews]]<br>[[Primate (bishop)|Primate of Scotland]]
+| image =
+| image_size =
+| alt =
+| caption =
+| native_name =
+| native_name_lang =
+| church = [[Roman Catholic]]
+| archdiocese = [[Archdiocese of St Andrews|St Andrews]]
+| province =
+| metropolis =
+| diocese =
+| see =
+| appointed = 28 November 1547
+| term = 1547–1571
+| quashed = <!-- or | retired = -->
+| predecessor = [[David Beaton]]
+| successor = [[Gavin Hamilton (archbishop of St Andrews)|Gavin Hamilton]]
+| opposed =
+| other_post = <!---------- Orders ---------->
+| ordination =
+| ordained_by =
+| consecration = 22 August 1546
+| consecrated_by =
+| cardinal =
+| created_cardinal_by =
+| rank = <!---------- Personal details ---------->
+| birth_name =
+| birth_date = 3 February 1512
+| birth_place = <!-- City, administrative region, sovereign state (per [[Template:Infobox person]]) -->
+| death_date = 6 April 1571 (aged 59)
+| death_place = [[Stirling]], [[Scotland]]
+| buried = <!-- or | tomb = -->
+| resting_place_coordinates =
+| nationality = [[Scottish people|Scottish]]
+| religion =
+| residence =
+| parents = [[James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran]] & Mrs Boyd{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}
+| partner = Grizzel Sempill
+| children = 6
+| occupation =
+| previous_post = [[Bishop of Dunkeld]] <small>''(1544-1546)''</small>
+| education =
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+| coat_of_arms_alt = <!---------- Sainthood ---------->
+| feast_day =
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+| module =
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+}}
+'''John Hamilton''' (3 February 1512 – 6 April 1571), Scottish [[prelate]] and politician, was an illegitimate son of [[James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran|The 1st Earl of Arran]] (in the [[Peerage of Scotland]]).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07123b.htm|title=John Hamilton|encyclopedia=[[Catholic Encyclopedia]] |access-date=18 February 2007}}</ref>
 ==Brother of the Regent==
-At a very early age he became a [[monk]] and [[Abbot of Paisley]], and after studying in [[Paris]] he returned to Scotland, where he soon rose to a position of power and influence under his half-brother, the [[regent]] [[James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault|James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran]]. He was made [[Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland]] in 1543 and [[bishop of Dunkeld]] two years later; in 1546 he followed [[David Cardinal Beaton|Cardinal Beaton]] as [[Archbishop of St Andrews]], and about the same time he became [[treasurer of the kingdom]].
+At a very early age Hamilton became a [[monk]] and [[Abbot of Paisley]]. After studying in Paris he returned to Scotland, where he soon rose to a position of power and influence under his half-brother, [[James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault|The 2nd Earl of Arran]], who was serving as [[Regent]]. He was made [[Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland]] in 1543 and [[bishop of Dunkeld]] two years later; in 1546 he followed [[David Cardinal Beaton|Cardinal Beaton]] as [[Archbishop of St Andrews]], and about the same time he became [[treasurer of the kingdom]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
-In 1553 the Italian physician [[Gerolamo Cardano]] cured him of a disease that had left him speechless and was thought incurable. The diplomat [[Thomas Randolph (diplomat)|Thomas Randolph]] recorded the "merry tales" rumoured about his methods still current in Edinburgh nine years later.<ref>''Calendar State Papers Scotland'', vol.1 (1898), p.592</ref> Cardano himself wrote that the Archbishop had been short of breath for ten years, and after the cure was effected by his assistant, he was paid 1,400 gold crowns.<ref>Cardanus, Gerolamo, [https://books.google.com/books?id=blA9AAAAcAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''De Propria Vita Liber: His Own Life'', Amsterdam, (1654)], pp.136-7, (Latin)</ref> While the Archbishop was unwell, his brother was persuaded to give up the Regency of Scotland to [[Mary of Guise]].<ref>Melville, James, ''Memoirs of his own life'', Brookman, (1833), 21, 73</ref>
+In 1553 the Italian physician [[Gerolamo Cardano]] cured him of a disease that had left him speechless and was thought incurable. The diplomat [[Thomas Randolph (diplomat)|Thomas Randolph]] recorded the "merry tales" rumoured about his methods still current in Edinburgh nine years later.{{sfn|Bain|1898|p=[https://archive.org/details/calendarstatepa00baingoog/page/n640 592]|ps=: "There is a merry tale that Cardanus the Italian took upon him to cure the Bishop of St. Andrews of a disease judged by all incurable. He practised on him divers strange inventions hung him certains hours a day by the heels ... "}} Cardano himself wrote that the Archbishop had been short of breath for ten years, and after the cure was effected by his assistant, he was paid 1,400 gold crowns.<ref>Cardanus, Gerolamo, [https://books.google.com/books?id=blA9AAAAcAAJ ''De Propria Vita Liber: His Own Life'', Amsterdam, (1654)], pp.136–7, (Latin)</ref> While the Archbishop was unwell, his brother was persuaded to give up the Regency of Scotland to [[Mary of Guise]].<ref>Melville, James, ''Memoirs of his own life'', Brookman, (1833), 21, 73</ref>
-He made vigorous efforts to stay the growth of [[Protestantism]], but with one or two exceptions persecution was not the policy of Archbishop Hamilton, and in the interests of the [[Roman Catholic]] religion a [[catechism]] called ''Hamilton's Catechism'' (published with an introduction by TG Law in 1884) was drawn up and printed, possibly at his instigation.
+He made vigorous efforts to stay the growth of [[Protestantism]], but with one or two exceptions persecution was not the policy of Archbishop Hamilton, and in the interests of the [[Roman Catholic]] faith, a [[catechism]] called ''Hamilton's Catechism'' (published with an introduction by TG Law in 1884) was drawn up and printed, possibly at his instigation.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
-Having incurred the displeasure of the Protestants, now the dominant party in Scotland, the Archbishop was imprisoned in 1563. After his release he was an active [[partisan (political)|partisan]] of [[Mary, Queen of Scots]]; he baptised the infant James, afterwards [[James VI of Scotland|King James VI]], and pronounced the divorce of the queen from [[James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell|Bothwell]]. He was present at the [[Battle of Langside]].
+Having incurred the displeasure of the Protestants, now the dominant party in Scotland, the Archbishop was imprisoned in 1563. After his release he was an active [[partisan (political)|partisan]] of [[Mary, Queen of Scots]]; he baptised her son, the future [[King James VI]], and pronounced the divorce of the queen from [[James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell|Bothwell]]. He was present at the [[Battle of Langside]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
 ==Assassination of Regent Moray==
-[[File:Grave of John Hamilton, Archbishop of Saint Andrews.jpg|thumb|Grave of Archbishop John Jamilton]]
+[[File:Grave of John Hamilton, Archbishop of Saint Andrews.jpg|thumb|Grave of Archbishop John Hamilton]]
 John Hamilton, with his brother James, acquired a house on the south side of [[Linlithgow]] High Street in 1550.<ref>''Protocol book of James Foulis'', SRS (1926), nos. 85, 145.</ref> In 1570 from this house, his nephew or close kinsman, [[James Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh]], assassinated [[James Stuart, Earl of Moray]], the Regent of Scotland. During the aftermath, John Hamilton later took refuge in [[Dumbarton Castle]].
-The castle fell to a surprise night attack, led by [[Captain Thomas Crawford|Thomas Crawford]] of Jordanhill, and Archbishop Hamilton was captured. Concerned lest the English should seek to have the Archbishop spared, the leaders of the King's party had Hamilton speedily tried and convicted of [[art and part]] in the murder of the Regent Moray and King [[Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley]]. At 6 pm on 6 April 1571, three days after his capture, he was hanged beside the [[Mercat Cross]] of [[Stirling]].<ref>Dawson, Janes E. A., ''Scotland Reformed'', pp. 275&ndash;276.</ref>
+The castle fell to a surprise night attack, led by [[Captain Thomas Crawford|Thomas Crawford]] of Jordanhill, and Archbishop Hamilton was captured. Concerned lest the English should seek to have the Archbishop spared, the leaders of the King's party had Hamilton speedily tried and convicted of [[art and part]] in the murder of the Regent Moray and [[Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley]]. At 6&nbsp;pm on 6 April 1571, three days after his capture, he was hanged beside the [[Mercat Cross]] of [[Stirling]].<ref>Dawson, Janes E. A., ''Scotland Reformed'', pp. 275–276.</ref>
+==Children==
-Archbishop Hamilton had three children by his mistress, Grizzel Sempill, the daughter of [[Robert Sempill, 3rd Lord Sempill]].
+Archbishop Hamilton had six children by his mistress, Grizzel Sempill, the daughter of [[Robert Sempill, 3rd Lord Sempill]]. Two of his children were legitimated on 22 January 1547 and 24 September 1548 respectively.
+==Notes and references==
-==References==
 {{Reflist}}
+* {{citation|editor-last=Bain |editor-first=Joseph |date=1898 |title=Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547–1603 |volume=1 |publisher=H M General Register House |publication-place=Edinburgh |url=https://archive.org/details/calendarstatepa00baingoog}}
-==Sources==
-* Rainer Haas, Allerlei Protestanten – Christus-Zeugen aus der Tudor-Zeit, darin: 5. John Hamilton - war der spätere Erzbischof von St.Andrews 1527 als Student in Marburg an der Lahn?, Nordhausen, 2010
+* Rainer Haas, Allerlei Protestanten – Christus-Zeugen aus der Tudor-Zeit, darin: 5. John Hamilton – war der spätere Erzbischof von St.Andrews 1527 als Student in Marburg an der Lahn?, Nordhausen, 2010
-*{{EB1911|wstitle = Hamilton, John|volume=12 }}
+*{{EB1911|wstitle = Hamilton, John|volume=12|page=887}}
 *{{cite CE1913|wstitle = John Hamilton|volume=7}}
+*{{cite DNB|wstitle = Hamilton, John (1511?-1571)|volume=24}}
 ==External links==
-* [http://images.wellcome.ac.uk/indexplus/image/L0011715.html Horoscope of John Hamilton, by Gerolamo Cardano, ''In Cl. Ptolemaei de Astrorum Indiciis '', Basel (1554)]{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
+* [https://archive.today/20121223054212/http://images.wellcome.ac.uk/indexplus/image/L0011715.html Horoscope of John Hamilton, by Gerolamo Cardano, ''In Cl. Ptolemaei de Astrorum Indiciis '', Basel (1554)]
 {{s-start}}
@@ Line 35: / Line 108: @@
 {{succession box | title=[[Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland]] |
 before=[[David Beaton]] |
-after=[[William Ruthven, 2nd Lord Ruthven|2nd Lord Ruthven]] | years=1542–1547}}
+after=[[William Ruthven, 2nd Lord Ruthven|Lord Ruthven]] | years=1542–1547}}
 {{s-rel}}
 {{succession box | title=[[Abbot of Paisley|Commendator-Abbot of Paisley]] | before=[[Robert Shaw (bishop)|Robert Shaw]]|
-after=[[Claud Hamilton, 1st Lord Paisley]]|
+after=[[Claud Hamilton, 1st Lord Paisley|Claud Hamilton]]|
-years=1525–1553]}}
+years=1525–1553}}
-{{succession box | title=[[Bishop of Dunkeld]] | before=[[George Crichton]]|
+{{succession box | title=[[Bishop of Dunkeld]] | before=[[George Crichton (bishop)|George Crichton]]|
 after=[[Robert Crichton (bishop)|Robert Crichton]]|
 years=1544/1546–1547}}
 {{succession box | title=[[Bishop of St. Andrews|Archbishop of St. Andrews]] |
 before=[[David Beaton]]|
 after=[[Gavin Hamilton (archbishop)|Gavin Hamilton]]| years=1547/1549–1571}}
 {{s-aca}}
-{{succession box|title=[[Chancellor of the University of St Andrews]]|years=1547&ndash;1571|before=[[David Beaton]]<br/>Archbishop of St Andrews|
+{{succession box|title=[[Chancellor of the University of St Andrews]]|years=1547–1571|before=[[David Beaton]]|
-after=[[John Douglas (archbishop)|John Douglas]]<br/>Archbishop of St Andrews}}
+after=[[John Douglas (archbishop)|John Douglas]]}}
 {{s-end}}
@@ Line 55: / Line 128: @@
 {{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Hamilton, John}}
 [[Category:Archbishops of St Andrews]]
-[[Category:Scottish archbishops]]
+[[Category:16th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Scotland]]
-[[Category:16th-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
 [[Category:University of Paris alumni]]
 [[Category:Executed politicians]]
@@ Line 70: / Line 143: @@
 [[Category:Treasurers of Scotland]]
 [[Category:People executed by the Kingdom of Scotland by hanging]]
+[[Category:House of Hamilton|John]]
+[[Category:Bishops of Dunkeld (pre-Reformation)]]
+[[Category:Scottish bishops 1560–1638]]

v t e Bishops and archbishops of St Andrews
Known pre-Norman era bishops	Cellach I Fothad I Máel Ísu I Cellach II Máel Muire Máel Ísu II Ailín Máel Dúin Túathal Fothad II Giric Cathróe
Scoto-Norman era bishops	Turgot of Durham Eadmer Robert of Scone Ernald Richard the Chaplain Hugh the Chaplain John Scotus Roger de Beaumont Geoffrey de Liberatione William de Malveisin David de Bernham Robert de Stuteville Abel de Gullane Gamelin William Wishart William Fraser William de Lamberton James Bane William Bell William de Landallis Stephen de Pa Walter Trail Thomas Stewart Walter de Danielston Gilbert de Greenlaw Henry Wardlaw James Kennedy Patrick Graham
Pre-Reformation archbishops	Patrick Graham William Scheves James Stewart, Duke of Ross Alexander Stewart John Hepburn Cardinal Innocenzo Cybo Andrew Forman James Beaton Cardinal David Beaton John Hamilton Gavin Hamilton
Post-Reformation archbishops	John Douglas Patrick Adamson George Gledstanes John Spottiswoode James Sharp Alexander Burnet Arthur Rose
Afterwards, see also: Episcopal Archbishops of St Andrews, Bishops of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane (etc.) & Roman Catholic Archbishops of St Andrews and Edinburgh (etc.)

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	Deutschland Vereinigte Staaten Niederlande Schweden
Other	IdRef