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{{Short description|Pakistani general}}
{{other people||Muhammed Sharif (disambiguation){{!}}Muhammed Sharif}}
{{other people||Muhammed Sharif (disambiguation){{!}}Muhammed Sharif}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =Muhammad Shariff
| name = Muhammad Shariff
| image =File:General Muhammad Shariff.jpg
| image = File:General Muhammad Shariff.jpg
| caption =
| caption =
| office = 1st [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]]
| birth_date ={{birth date|1921|2|22}}
| predecessor = None ''(Post created)''
| death_date ={{death date and age|1999|8|6|1921|2|22}}
| successor = [[Mohammad Shariff (admiral)|Mohammad Shariff]]
| placeofburial_label =
| term_start = 1 March 1976
| placeofburial =[[Lahore]], [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab Province]]
| term_end = 22 January 1977
| birth_place =[[Lahore]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|British India]]<br>{{small|(Present-day in Lahore, Punjab in Pakistan)}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1921|2|22}}
| death_place =Lahore, Punjab
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1999|8|6|1921|2|22}}
| placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
| resting_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]
| nickname =''M. Shariff''
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| birth_name =Muhammad Shariff
| death_place = Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| allegiance ={{PAK}}
| resting_place_coordinate = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
| branch ={{Army|PAK}}
| nickname = ''M. Shariff''
| serviceyears =1942–1977
| birth_name = Muhammad Shariff
| rank =[[File:OF-9 Pakistan Army.svg|10px]][[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|30px]][[Four star general|General]]
| allegiance = {{flagicon|British India}} [[British India]] {{small|(1942-47)}}<br/>{{flagicon|PAK}} [[Pakistan]] {{small|(1947-77)}}
| servicenumber =PA – 426{{rp|301–304}}<ref name="The Gazette of Pakistan, 1979"/>
| unit =[[2nd Punjab Regiment|3/2]] [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Punjab Regiment]]
| branch = {{flagicon|British India|army}} [[British Indian Army]]<br/>{{flagicon|Pakistan|army}} [[Pakistan Army]]
| serviceyears = 1942–1977
| commands =[[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff]]<br>[[II Corps (Pakistan)|II Corps]] in [[Multan]]<br>[[Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations|Permanent Rep.]] at [[Central Treaty Organization|CENTO]]<br>[[General officer commanding|GOC]] [[Structure of the Pakistan Army|33rd Infantry Division]], [[Quetta]]<br>[[Pakistan Army Education Corps|Corps of Education]]<br>[[Inspector-General|Ins-Gen.]] [[Structure of the Pakistan Army|Training and Evaluation]]
| rank = [[File:OF-9 Pakistan Army.svg|20px]] General
| battles =[[World War II]]<br>[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]<br>
| unit = [[2nd Punjab Regiment|3/2]] [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Punjab Regiment]]
| battles_label =
| commands = [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff]]<br>[[II Corps (Pakistan)|II Corps]] in [[Multan]]<br>[[Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations|Permanent Rep.]] at [[Central Treaty Organization|CENTO]]<br>[[General officer commanding|GOC]] [[Structure of the Pakistan Army|33rd Infantry Division]], [[Quetta]]<br>[[Pakistan Army Education Corps]]<br>[[Inspector-General|Ins-Gen.]] [[Structure of the Pakistan Army|Training and Evaluation]]
| awards =[[File:Order of Excellence Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|30px]][[Nishan-i-Imtiaz|Nishan-i-Imtiaz (military)]]<br>[[File:Star of Excellence Sitara-e-Imtiaz.png|30px]][[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|Sitara-i-Imtiaz (military)]]
| battles = [[World War II]]<br>[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]<br>
| relations =
| mawards = [[File:Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|50px]] [[Nishan-i-Imtiaz]]<br />[[File:Sitara-e-Pakistan (SPk) (1957-86).png|50px]] [[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces|Sitara-e-Pakistan]]<br />[[File:Sitara-e-Imtiaz.png|50px]] [[Sitara-i-Imtiaz]]
| laterwork =
| battles_label =
| awards =
| relations =
| laterwork =
| honorific_prefix = [[General (Pakistan)|General]]
| honorific_suffix = {{small|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]]&ensp;[[Civil decorations of Pakistan|SPk]]&ensp;[[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|SI(M)]]}}
}}
}}

[[General officer|General]] '''Muhammad Shariff''' ([[Urdu]]:محمد شريف&nbsp; February 22, 1921– August 6, 1999) {{small|[[Nishan-i-Imtiaz|NI(m)]], [[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|SI(m)]]}}, was a [[Four-star rank|four-star]] rank [[Pak Fauj|army general]] in the [[Pakistan Army]] who was the first [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman]] of [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Pakistan|Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]], serving in this post from 1976 until tendering his [[resignation]] in 1977 over the disagreement with the [[Operation Fair Play|military takeover]] of the [[Government of Pakistan|civilian government]] by the [[Pakistani military]].{{rp|61}}<ref name="Springer">{{cite book|last1=Siddiqa-Agha|first1=A.|authorlink1=Ayesha Siddiqa|title=Pakistan's Arms Procurement and Military Buildup, 1979–99: In Search of a Policy|date=2001|publisher=Springer|location=Springer, 2001|isbn=9780230513525|pages=218|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/?id=beJ8DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA61&dq=General+(Retd)+Muhammad+sharif!+Former+Chairman#v=onepage&q=General%20(Retd)%20Muhammad%20sharif!%20Former%20Chairman&f=false|accessdate=26 December 2017|language=en-us|format=google books|chapter={{small|Power Politics}}}}</ref>{{rp|301–304}}<ref name="The Gazette of Pakistan, 1979">{{cite book|last1=GoP|first1=Govt. of Pakistan|title=The Gazette of Pakistan|date=1979|url=https://books.google.com/?id=sb1PAQAAMAAJ&dq=General+muhammad+shariff+NI%28m%29&q=456|accessdate=26 December 2017|language=en}}</ref>
[[General (Pakistan)|General]] '''Muhammad Shariff''' {{small|{{small|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]]&ensp;[[Civil decorations of Pakistan|SPk]]&ensp;[[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|SI(M)]]}}}} ({{lang-ur|{{nq|محمد شريف}}}} ; 22 February 1921 – 6 August 1999) was a senior [[Pakistan Army]] general who was the first [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)|Chairman]] of [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Pakistan|Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]], serving in this post from 1976 until tendering his [[resignation]] in 1977 over the disagreement with the [[Operation Fair Play|military takeover]] of the [[Government of Pakistan|civilian government]] by the [[Pakistani military]].{{rp|61}}<ref name="Springer">{{cite book|last1=Siddiqa-Agha|first1=A.|authorlink1=Ayesha Siddiqa|title=Pakistan's Arms Procurement and Military Buildup, 1979–99: In Search of a Policy|date=2001|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780230513525|pages=218|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=beJ8DAAAQBAJ&q=General+%28Retd%29+Muhammad+sharif%21+Former+Chairman&pg=PA61|accessdate=26 December 2017|language=en-us}}</ref>{{rp|301–304}}<ref name="The Gazette of Pakistan, 1979">{{cite book|last1=GoP|first1=Govt. of Pakistan|title=The Gazette of Pakistan|date=1979|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sb1PAQAAMAAJ&q=456|accessdate=26 December 2017|language=en}}</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==


Muhammad Shariff was born on 22 February 1921 into a [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] family in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]] in [[British Indian Empire|India]].{{rp|374}}<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, 1979">{{cite book|title=Ilmi Encyclopaedia of General Knowledge|date=1979|publisher=Ilmi Kitab Khana|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Defence Journal, 1999">{{cite web|last1=Sehgal|first1=Major Ikram|authorlink1=Ikram Sehgal|title=Obituary: A Soldier of Character General (Retd) Muhammad Shariff Former Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/aug99/obituary.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=Defence Journal|accessdate=26 December 2017|language=en-pk|date=August 1999}}</ref> After educated at the [[Lawrence College, Murree|Lawrence College]] in [[Murree]], Sharif gained [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] in the 3rd infantry battalion of the [[2nd Punjab Regiment]] of the [[British Indian Army]] in 1942.<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999"/> [[Second Lieutenant|2nd-Lt.]] Sharif saw actions in the [[Burma Campaign|Burma front]] during the [[World War II]] with the [[British Indian Army]].<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999"/>
Muhammad Shariff was born on 22 February 1921 into a [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] family in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]] in [[British Indian Empire|India]].{{rp|374}}<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, 1979">{{cite book|title=Ilmi Encyclopaedia of General Knowledge|date=1979|publisher=Ilmi Kitab Khana|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Defence Journal, 1999">{{cite web|last1=Sehgal|first1=Major Ikram|authorlink1=Ikram Sehgal|title=Obituary: A Soldier of Character General (Retd) Muhammad Shariff Former Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/aug99/obituary.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=Defence Journal|accessdate=26 December 2017|language=en-pk|date=August 1999}}</ref> After being educated at the [[Lawrence College, Murree|Lawrence College]] in [[Murree]], Shariff was [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] in the 3rd infantry battalion of the [[2nd Punjab Regiment]] of the [[British Indian Army]] in 1942.<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999"/> [[Second Lieutenant|2nd-Lt.]] Shariff saw actions in the [[Burma Campaign|Burma front]] during [[World War II]] with the [[British Indian Army]].<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999"/>


After the [[Partition of India|partition]] of [[India]] in [[1947 in Pakistan|1947]], [[Captain (Army)|Captain]] Sharif moved to join the newly formed [[Pakistan Army]] where his career progressed extremely well, having attended and graduated from the [[Imperial Defence College]].{{rp|302}}<ref name="The Gazette of Pakistan, 1979" /> In 1952, [[Major]] Sharif was promoted as a [[lieutenant-colonel]] and qualified as [[psc (military)|psc]] from the [[Command and Staff College]] in [[Quetta]]; later achieved promotion to the [[one-star rank]] in the army in 1959.<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999"/>
After the [[Partition of India|partition]] of [[India]] in [[1947 in Pakistan|1947]], [[Captain (Army)|Captain]] Shariff moved to join the newly formed [[Pakistan Army]] where his career progressed extremely well, having attended and graduated from the [[Imperial Defence College]].{{rp|302}}<ref name="The Gazette of Pakistan, 1979" /> In 1952, [[Major (rank)|Major]] Shariff was promoted as a [[lieutenant-colonel]] and qualified as [[psc (military)|psc]] from the [[Pakistan Command and Staff College|Command and Staff College]] in [[Quetta]]; he later achieved promotion to [[Brigadier]] in 1959.<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999"/>


In 1960, [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brig.]] Shariff played a crucial role when he commanded the tactical [[Brigade combat team|strike brigade]] to remove the [[Dir (princely state)|Nawab of Dir]] and [[Jandol State|Khan of Jandol]] to prevent succession from [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]].<ref name="Defence Journal, 2002">{{cite web|last1=Amin|first1=A.H.|title=Remembering Our Warriors: Brig. Shamim S. Manto|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/february/manto.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=Defence Journal|accessdate=26 December 2017|location=Islamabad|language=en-pk|date=February 2002}}</ref>
In 1960, [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brig.]] Shariff played a crucial role when he commanded the tactical [[Brigade combat team|strike brigade]] to [[Dir campaign|remove the Nawab of Dir]] and [[Jandol State|Khan of Jandol]] to prevent secession from [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]].<ref name="Defence Journal, 2002">{{cite web|last1=Amin|first1=A.H.|title=Remembering Our Warriors: Brig. Shamim S. Manto|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/february/manto.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=Defence Journal|accessdate=26 December 2017|location=Islamabad|language=en-pk|date=February 2002}}</ref>


In 1964–66, [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brig.]] Sharif moved to the staff assignment at the [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]], serving in the [[Pakistan Army Education Corps|Corps of Education]] where he served on the army board to select the potential candidates to be educated at the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]].<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999"/> In 1966, [[Major-General]] Sharif was appointed as the [[List of serving Generals of the Pakistan Army|Inspector General Training and Evaluation]] (IGT&E) at the [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]], and later appointed as the [[Commandant]] of the [[Command and Staff College]] in [[Quetta]], which he served until 1970.{{rp|374}}<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, 1979" />
In 1964–66, [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brig.]] Shariff moved to the staff assignment at the [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]], serving in the [[Pakistan Army Education Corps|Corps of Education]] where he served on the army board to select the potential candidates to be educated at the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]].<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999"/> In 1966, [[Major-General]] Shariff was appointed as the [[List of serving Generals of the Pakistan Army|Inspector General Training and Evaluation]] (IGT&E) at the [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]], and later appointed as the [[Commandant]] of the [[Pakistan Command and Staff College|Command and Staff College]] in [[Quetta]], which he served until 1970.{{rp|374}}<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, 1979" />


In 1970, [[Major-General|Maj-Gen.]] Sharif was promoted to the [[Three-star rank|three-star]] rank in the army, and took over the diplomatic assignment as opposed to the command assignment.{{rp|374}}<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, 1979" /> [[Lieutenant-General]] Shariff was posted as the [[Pakistani diplomatic missions|permanent representative]] at the [[Central Treaty Organization|CENTO]]'s [[Headquarters|HQ]] in [[Ankara]], [[Turkey]], which he remained until 1971.<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999" />
In 1970, [[Major-General|Maj-Gen.]] Shariff was promoted to the [[Three-star rank|three-star]] rank in the army, and took over the diplomatic assignment as opposed to the command assignment.{{rp|374}}<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, 1979" /> [[Lieutenant-General]] Shariff was posted as the [[Pakistani diplomatic missions|permanent representative]] at the [[Central Treaty Organization|CENTO]]'s [[Headquarters|HQ]] in [[Ankara]], [[Turkey]], which he remained until 1971.<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999" />


On 12 December 1971, [[Lieutenant-General|Lt-Gen.]] Sharif returned to Pakistan and partially took over the command of the [[Structure of the Pakistan Army|33rd Infantry Division]], stationed in [[Quetta]], from its [[General officer commanding|GOC]], [[Major-General|Maj-Gen.]] Naseer Ahmad, who was [[wounded in action]] against the [[Indian Army]].<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999" /> After inspecting the [[Division (military)|infantry division]], Lt-Gen. Sharif eventually handed over the command of the [[Structure of the Pakistan Army|33rd Infantry Division]] to then [[Major-General|Maj-Gen.]] [[Iqbal Khan (general)|Iqbal Khan]] and departed to Turkey.<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999" />
On 12 December 1971, [[Lieutenant-General|Lt-Gen.]] Shariff returned to Pakistan and partially took over the command of the [[Structure of the Pakistan Army|33rd Infantry Division]], stationed in [[Quetta]], from its [[General officer commanding|GOC]], [[Major-General|Maj-Gen.]] Naseer Ahmad, who was [[wounded in action]] against the [[Indian Army]].<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999" /> After inspecting the [[Division (military)|infantry division]], Lt-Gen. Shariff eventually handed over the command of the [[Structure of the Pakistan Army|33rd Infantry Division]] to then [[Major-General|Maj-Gen.]] [[Iqbal Khan (general)|Iqbal Khan]] and departed to Turkey.<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999" />


In 1972, Lt-Gen. Shariff was appointed as [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief|field commander]] of the [[II Corps (Pakistan)|II Corps]], stationed in [[Multan]].{{rp|441}}<ref name="Oxford University Press, 2002">{{cite book|last1=Nawaz|first1=Shuja|title=Crossed swords : Pakistan, its army, and the wars within|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karachi|isbn=9780195476606|language=en}}</ref> During this time, Lt-Gen. Shariff played a crucial role in his role as a [[secondment]] when he led his [[II Corps (Pakistan)|II Corps]] to provide the [[military aid to the civil power]] to maintain [[Law and order in Pakistan|law and order]] in [[Karachi]], amid the [[Karachi labour unrest of 1972|labour unrest]].<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999" /> In 1974, Lt-Gen, Shariff was honorary appointed as a [[Colonel commandant]] of the [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Punjab Regiment]].<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999" />
In 1972, Lt-Gen. Shariff was appointed as [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief|field commander]] of the [[II Corps (Pakistan)|II Corps]], stationed in [[Multan]].{{rp|441}}<ref name="Oxford University Press, 2002">{{cite book|last1=Nawaz|first1=Shuja|title=Crossed swords : Pakistan, its army, and the wars within|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karachi|isbn=9780195476606|language=en}}</ref> During this time, Lt-Gen. Shariff played a crucial role in his role as a [[secondment]] when he led his [[II Corps (Pakistan)|II Corps]] to provide the [[military aid to the civil power]] to maintain [[Law and order in Pakistan|law and order]] in [[Karachi]], amid the [[Karachi labour unrest of 1972|labour unrest]].<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999" /> In 1974, Lt-Gen, Shariff was appointed as an honorary [[Colonel commandant]] of the [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Punjab Regiment]].<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999" />


==Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee==
==Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee==
[[File:GeneralMuhammadshariff.jpg|thumb|left|Gen. Shariff (second left) along with Gen. Zia (third left) in the passing out parade of the 55th PMA Long Course, 16 April 1977.]]
[[File:GeneralMuhammadshariff.jpg|thumb|left|Gen. Shariff (second left) along with Gen. Zia (third left) in the passing out parade of the 55th PMA Long Course, 16 April 1977.]]
In 1976, General [[Tikka Khan]]'s retirement as a [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|chief of army staff]] was due, and Lt-Gen. Sharif was the most senior army general in the [[Pakistani military]].{{rp|262}}<ref name="Oxford University Press, 1993">{{cite book|last1=Wolpert|first1=Stanley A.|title=Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan: his life and times|date=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karachi|isbn=9780195076615|url=https://books.google.com/?id=C-ltAAAAMAAJ&q=lt+gen+muhammad+shariff&dq=lt+gen+muhammad+shariff|accessdate=26 December 2017|language=en}}</ref> Initially, Lt-Gen, Sharif was in the race for the promotion of [[Four-star rank|four-star]] rank alongside six other army generals.{{rp|67}}<ref name="Penguin Books 2007">{{cite book|last1=Baruah|first1=Amit|title=Dateline Islamabad|date=2007|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=9780143102465|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Yu6LvrhQst4C&pg=PA67&dq=lt+gen+muhammad+shariff#v=onepage&q=lt%20gen%20muhammad%20shariff&f=false|accessdate=26 December 2017|language=en}}</ref>
In 1976, General [[Tikka Khan]]'s retirement as a [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|chief of army staff]] was due, and Lt-Gen. Shariff was the most senior army general in the [[Pakistani military]].{{rp|262}}<ref name="Oxford University Press, 1993">{{cite book|last1=Wolpert|first1=Stanley A.|title=Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan: his life and times|date=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karachi|isbn=9780195076615|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-ltAAAAMAAJ&q=lt+gen+muhammad+shariff|accessdate=26 December 2017|language=en}}</ref> Initially, Lt-Gen, Shariff was in the race for the promotion to [[Four-star rank|four-star]] rank alongside six other army generals.{{rp|67}}<ref name="Penguin Books 2007">{{cite book|last1=Baruah|first1=Amit|title=Dateline Islamabad|date=2007|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=9780143102465|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yu6LvrhQst4C&q=lt+gen+muhammad+shariff&pg=PA67|accessdate=26 December 2017|language=en}}</ref>

Eventually, [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] promoted and elevated the junior-most Lt-Gen, [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]], to the [[Four-star rank|four-star]] appointment and appointed him as nation's second [[Army Chief of Staff (Pakistan)|army chief]] in 1976.{{rp|67}}<ref name="Penguin Books 2007"/> [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto|Prime Minister Bhutto]] moved to create the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] and promoted Lt-Gen. Shariff to the four-star rank, posting him as first [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] on 1 March 1976.{{rp|contents}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Alam|first1=Dr Shah|title=Pakistan Army: Modernisation, Arms Procurement and Capacity Building|date=2012|publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd|isbn=9789381411797|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WvapCQAAQBAJ&q=lt+gen+muhammad+shariff+chairman&pg=PT51|accessdate=26 December 2017|language=en}}</ref>

His relations with Gen. Zia were limited but he seemed to dislike General Zia personally.{{rp|125–126}}<ref name="Stanford University Press, 2012">{{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Feroz Hassan|title=Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistan' atomic bomb|date=2012|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Palo Alto, ca, u.s.|isbn=9780804784801|pages=400|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yGgrNAsKZjEC&q=muhammad+sharif+zia&pg=PA125|accessdate=26 December 2017|language=en-us|format=google books|chapter={{small|Punishing Pakistan}}}}</ref> In 1974–75, Lt-Gen. Shariff had submitted a report to the then-army chief General [[Tikka Khan]] that detailed [[Major-General|Maj-Gen.]] Zia's actions of bypassing the [[Chain of Command|chain of command]] in the military but the report was overshadowed due to Zia's dedication towards promoting the professionalism in the military.{{rp|125–126}}<ref name="Stanford University Press, 2012"/> His duties as [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman Joint Chiefs]] had been largely ineffective, and his deputy Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff|M.S. Khan]] had led the delegation to meet with [[Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China|Vice Chairman]] [[Li Xiannian]] when he paid a state visit to Pakistan on 22 January 1977.{{rp|28}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Service|first1=United States Foreign Broadcast Information|title=Daily Report: People's Republic of China|publisher=National Technical Information Service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5ssAAAAMAAJ&q=vice+admiral+mohammad+shariff+vice+chief+naval|accessdate=5 January 2017|language=en|year=1979}}</ref>

His relations with Gen. Zia soured and he was not supportive towards the actions by General Zia of [[Operation Fair Play|military takeover]] of the [[Government of Pakistan|civilian government]],{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} and regretted that this ultimate step had become inevitable.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Arif |first1=Khalid Mahmud |year=1995 |title=Working with Zia : Pakistan's power politics, 1977–1988 |location=Karachi |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=98 |isbn=978-0-19-577570-9 |language=en |quote=[Upon being informed that Operation Fair Play was underway,] General Shariff felt sorry that this ultimate step had become inevitable.}}</ref> In July 1977, General Shariff prematurely sought retirement and he submitted his resignation to the [[President of Pakistan]], asking him to relieve him of his duty.{{rp|304}}<ref name="The Gazette of Pakistan, 1979" />

In public circles, General Shariff privately made it clear that the [[1977 Pakistani coup d'état|martial law]] was in fact unconstitutional.<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999" /> Furthermore, General Shariff was of the view of strengthening the Chairman joint chiefs' role to be more assertive and with more power than the army chief, but before the system could evolve itself, the July 1977 coup disturbed the power balance, and tilted it heavily in favor of the army chief.<ref>Brig (retd) Yasub Ali Dogar. [http://www.defencejournal.com/jan99/defence.htm "Pakistan's Higher Defence Reorganisation"] ''Defence Journal'' January 1999</ref>

In 1977, General Shariff left the chairmanship of the joint chiefs to his deputy Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff]] but it was not until 1979 when his resignation actually became effective.{{rp|304}}<ref name="The Gazette of Pakistan, 1979" /><ref name="Defence Journal, 1999" /> He died in Lahore on 6 August 1999.<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999" />

== Awards and decorations ==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|
|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Pakistan (SPk) (1957-86).png|width=106}}
|
|-
|{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Sitara-e-Imtiaz.png|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Diffa.png|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War Ribbon.png|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War.png|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=War Medal 1965(Tamgha-e-Jang, A.H.1385).png|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War.png|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award‐star|ribbon=Pakistan Independence Medal 1947.png|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam.png|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Republic Medal 1956 (Pakistan).png|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon - War Medal.png|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon India Service Medal.png|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=QE II Coronation Medal 1953.png|width=106}}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
| colspan="2" |'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]'''
'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''

''(Order of Excellence)''
| colspan="2" |'''[[Civil decorations of Pakistan|Sitara-e-Pakistan]]'''
''(SPk)''
|-
|'''[[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|Sitara-e-Imtiaz]]'''
'''[[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''

''(Star of Excellence)''
|[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|'''Tamgha-e-Diffa''']]
''(General Service Medal)''

'''[[Bajaur Campaign|Dir-Bajaur 1960-62]] Clasp'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War]]'''
''(War Star 1965)''
|[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|'''Sitara-e-Harb''']]
[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|'''1971 War''']]

''(War Star 1965)''
|-
|[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|'''Tamgha-e-Jang''']]
[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|'''1965 War''']]

''(War Medal 1965)''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War]]'''
''(War Medal 1971)''
|'''[[Pakistan Medal|Pakistan Tamgha]]'''
''([[Pakistan Medal]])''

'''1947'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-]]'''
'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam]]'''

''(100th Birth Anniversary of''


''[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]])''
Eventually, [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] promoted and elevated the junior-most Lt-Gen, [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]], to the [[Four-star rank|four-star]] appointment and appointed him as nation's second [[Army Chief of Staff (Pakistan)|army chief]] in 1976.{{rp|67}}<ref name="Penguin Books 2007"/> [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto|Prime Minister Bhutto]] moved to create the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] and promoted Lt-Gen. Shariff to the four-star rank, posting him as first [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] on 1 March 1976.{{rp|contents}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Alam|first1=Dr Shah|title=Pakistan Army: Modernisation, Arms Procurement and Capacity Building|date=2012|publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd|isbn=9789381411797|url=https://books.google.com/?id=WvapCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT51&dq=lt+gen+muhammad+shariff+chairman#v=onepage&q=lt%20gen%20muhammad%20shariff%20chairman&f=false|accessdate=26 December 2017|language=en}}</ref>


'''1976'''
His relations with Gen. Zia remains officially business but seemed to have dislike General Zia personally.{{rp|125–126}}<ref name="Stanford University Press, 2012">{{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Feroz Hassan|title=Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistan' atomic bomb|date=2012|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Palo Alto, ca, u.s.|isbn=9780804784801|pages=400|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/?id=yGgrNAsKZjEC&pg=PA125&dq=muhammad+sharif+zia#v=onepage&q=muhammad%20sharif%20zia&f=false|accessdate=26 December 2017|language=en-us|format=google books|chapter={{small|Punishing Pakistan}}}}</ref> In 1974–75, Lt-Gen. Sharif had submitted a report to then-army chief General [[Tikka Khan]] that detailed the actions of [[Major-General|Maj-Gen.]] Zia's actions bypassing the [[Chain of Command|chain of command]] in the military but the report was overshadowed due Zia's dedication towards promoting the professionalism in the military.{{rp|125–126}}<ref name="Stanford University Press, 2012"/> His duties as [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman Joint Chiefs]] had been largely ineffective, and his deputy Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff|M.S. Khan]] had led the delegation to meet with [[Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China|Vice Chairman]] [[Li Xiannian]] paid a state visit to Pakistan on 22 January 1977.{{rp|28}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Service|first1=United States Foreign Broadcast Information|title=Daily Report: People's Republic of China|publisher=National Technical Information Service|url=https://books.google.com/?id=d5ssAAAAMAAJ&q=vice+admiral+mohammad+shariff+vice+chief+naval&dq=vice+admiral+mohammad+shariff+vice+chief+naval|accessdate=5 January 2017|language=en|year=1979}}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces|Tamgha-e-Jamhuria]]'''
''(Republic Commemoration Medal)''


'''1956'''
His relations with Gen. Zia soured and was not supportive towards the actions by General Zia of [[Operation Fair Play|military takeover]] of the [[Government of Pakistan|civilian government]],{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} and regretted that this ultimate step had become inevitable.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Arif |first1=Khalid Mahmud |year=1995 |title=Working with Zia : Pakistan's power politics, 1977–1988 |location=Karachi |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=98 |isbn=978-0-19-577570-9 |language=en |quote=[Upon being informed that Operation Fair Play was underway,] General Shariff felt sorry that this ultimate step had become inevitable.}}</ref> In July 1977, General Sharif prematurely seek retirement and he submitted his resignation to the [[President of Pakistan]], asking him to relieve him of his duty.{{rp|304}}<ref name="The Gazette of Pakistan, 1979" />
|'''[[War Medal 1939-1945|War Medal]]'''
'''[[War Medal 1939-1945|1939-1945]]'''
|'''[[India Service Medal]]'''
[[India Service Medal|'''1939–1945''']]
|'''[[Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal|Queen Elizabeth II]]'''
'''[[Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal|Coronation Medal]]'''


'''(1953)'''
In public circles, General Shariff privately made it clear that the [[1977 Pakistani coup d'état|martial law]] was in fact unconstitutional.<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999" /> Furthermore, the General Shariff was of the view of strengthening the Chairman joint chiefs' role more assertive and power than the army chief but before the system could evolve itself into a cohesive working structure the July 1977 coup disturbed the power balance totally, and tilted it heavily in favor of the army chief.<ref>Brig (retd) Yasub Ali Dogar. [http://www.defencejournal.com/jan99/defence.htm "Pakistan's Higher Defence Reorganisation"] ''Defence Journal'' January 1999</ref>
|}


=== Foreign decorations ===
In 1977, General Shariff left the chairmanship of the joint chiefs to his deputy Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff]] but it was not until 1979 when his resignation actually went effective.{{rp|304}}<ref name="The Gazette of Pakistan, 1979" /> After his retirement he faded from public life, refusing to accept any post in government, living off his pension and savings.<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999" /> He died in Lahore on 6 August 1999.<ref name="Defence Journal, 1999" />
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" style="background:#006400; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center" |'''Foreign Awards'''
|-
! rowspan="3" |'''{{flag|UK}}'''
|'''[[War Medal 1939-1945]]'''
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon - War Medal.png|width=130}}
|-
|[[India Service Medal|'''India Service Medal 1939–1945''']]
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon India Service Medal.png|width=130}}
|-
|'''[[Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal]]'''
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=QE II Coronation Medal 1953.png|width=130}}
|}


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Staff College, Quetta]]
[[Category:People from Lahore]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Lahore]]
[[Category:Lawrence College, Murree alumni]]
[[Category:Lawrence College Ghora Gali alumni]]
[[Category:Punjab Regiment officers]]
[[Category:Punjab Regiment officers]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Indian people of World War II]]
[[Category:Indian people of World War II]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal College of Defence Studies]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal College of Defence Studies]]
[[Category:Pakistani expatriates in Turkey]]
[[Category:Pakistani expatriates in Turkey]]
[[Category:Pakistani diplomats]]
[[Category:Pakistani diplomats]]
[[Category:Pakistani generals]]
[[Category:Pakistani generals]]
[[Category:Chairmen Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Chairmen Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]]
[[Category:Pakistani democracy activists]]
[[Category:Pakistani democracy activists]]

Latest revision as of 16:43, 8 July 2024

For other people with the same name, see Muhammed Sharif.
General
Muhammad Shariff
NI(M) SPk SI(M)
1st Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
In office
1 March 1976 – 22 January 1977
Preceded byNone (Post created)
Succeeded byMohammad Shariff
Personal details
Born
Muhammad Shariff

(1921-02-22)22 February 1921
Lahore, Punjab, British India
Died6 August 1999(1999-08-06) (aged 78)
Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Resting placeLahore, Punjab, Pakistan
NicknameM. Shariff
Military service
AllegianceBritish Raj British India (1942-47)
Pakistan Pakistan (1947-77)
Branch/serviceBritish Raj British Indian Army
Pakistan Pakistan Army
Years of service1942–1977
Rank General
Unit3/2 Punjab Regiment
CommandsChairman Joint Chiefs of Staff
II Corps in Multan
Permanent Rep. at CENTO
GOC 33rd Infantry Division, Quetta
Pakistan Army Education Corps
Ins-Gen. Training and Evaluation
Battles/warsWorld War II
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Awards Nishan-i-Imtiaz
Sitara-e-Pakistan
Sitara-i-Imtiaz

General Muhammad Shariff NI(M) SPk SI(M) (Urdu: محمد شريف ; 22 February 1921 – 6 August 1999) was a senior Pakistan Army general who was the first Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, serving in this post from 1976 until tendering his resignation in 1977 over the disagreement with the military takeover of the civilian government by the Pakistani military.: 61 [1]: 301–304 [2]

Biography

[edit]

Muhammad Shariff was born on 22 February 1921 into a Punjabi family in Lahore, Punjab in India.: 374 [3][4] After being educated at the Lawrence College in Murree, Shariff was commissioned in the 3rd infantry battalion of the 2nd Punjab Regiment of the British Indian Army in 1942.[4] 2nd-Lt. Shariff saw actions in the Burma front during World War II with the British Indian Army.[4]

After the partition of India in 1947, Captain Shariff moved to join the newly formed Pakistan Army where his career progressed extremely well, having attended and graduated from the Imperial Defence College.: 302 [2] In 1952, Major Shariff was promoted as a lieutenant-colonel and qualified as psc from the Command and Staff College in Quetta; he later achieved promotion to Brigadier in 1959.[4]

In 1960, Brig. Shariff played a crucial role when he commanded the tactical strike brigade to remove the Nawab of Dir and Khan of Jandol to prevent secession from Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.[5]

In 1964–66, Brig. Shariff moved to the staff assignment at the Army GHQ, serving in the Corps of Education where he served on the army board to select the potential candidates to be educated at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.[4] In 1966, Major-General Shariff was appointed as the Inspector General Training and Evaluation (IGT&E) at the Army GHQ, and later appointed as the Commandant of the Command and Staff College in Quetta, which he served until 1970.: 374 [3]

In 1970, Maj-Gen. Shariff was promoted to the three-star rank in the army, and took over the diplomatic assignment as opposed to the command assignment.: 374 [3] Lieutenant-General Shariff was posted as the permanent representative at the CENTO's HQ in Ankara, Turkey, which he remained until 1971.[4]

On 12 December 1971, Lt-Gen. Shariff returned to Pakistan and partially took over the command of the 33rd Infantry Division, stationed in Quetta, from its GOC, Maj-Gen. Naseer Ahmad, who was wounded in action against the Indian Army.[4] After inspecting the infantry division, Lt-Gen. Shariff eventually handed over the command of the 33rd Infantry Division to then Maj-Gen. Iqbal Khan and departed to Turkey.[4]

In 1972, Lt-Gen. Shariff was appointed as field commander of the II Corps, stationed in Multan.: 441 [6] During this time, Lt-Gen. Shariff played a crucial role in his role as a secondment when he led his II Corps to provide the military aid to the civil power to maintain law and order in Karachi, amid the labour unrest.[4] In 1974, Lt-Gen, Shariff was appointed as an honorary Colonel commandant of the Punjab Regiment.[4]

Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee

[edit]
Gen. Shariff (second left) along with Gen. Zia (third left) in the passing out parade of the 55th PMA Long Course, 16 April 1977.

In 1976, General Tikka Khan's retirement as a chief of army staff was due, and Lt-Gen. Shariff was the most senior army general in the Pakistani military.: 262 [7] Initially, Lt-Gen, Shariff was in the race for the promotion to four-star rank alongside six other army generals.: 67 [8]

Eventually, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto promoted and elevated the junior-most Lt-Gen, Zia-ul-Haq, to the four-star appointment and appointed him as nation's second army chief in 1976.: 67 [8] Prime Minister Bhutto moved to create the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee and promoted Lt-Gen. Shariff to the four-star rank, posting him as first Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee on 1 March 1976.: contents [9]

His relations with Gen. Zia were limited but he seemed to dislike General Zia personally.: 125–126 [10] In 1974–75, Lt-Gen. Shariff had submitted a report to the then-army chief General Tikka Khan that detailed Maj-Gen. Zia's actions of bypassing the chain of command in the military but the report was overshadowed due to Zia's dedication towards promoting the professionalism in the military.: 125–126 [10] His duties as Chairman Joint Chiefs had been largely ineffective, and his deputy Admiral M.S. Khan had led the delegation to meet with Vice Chairman Li Xiannian when he paid a state visit to Pakistan on 22 January 1977.: 28 [11]

His relations with Gen. Zia soured and he was not supportive towards the actions by General Zia of military takeover of the civilian government,[citation needed] and regretted that this ultimate step had become inevitable.[12] In July 1977, General Shariff prematurely sought retirement and he submitted his resignation to the President of Pakistan, asking him to relieve him of his duty.: 304 [2]

In public circles, General Shariff privately made it clear that the martial law was in fact unconstitutional.[4] Furthermore, General Shariff was of the view of strengthening the Chairman joint chiefs' role to be more assertive and with more power than the army chief, but before the system could evolve itself, the July 1977 coup disturbed the power balance, and tilted it heavily in favor of the army chief.[13]

In 1977, General Shariff left the chairmanship of the joint chiefs to his deputy Admiral Mohammad Shariff but it was not until 1979 when his resignation actually became effective.: 304 [2][4] He died in Lahore on 6 August 1999.[4]

Awards and decorations

[edit]
Nishan-e-Imtiaz

(Military)

(Order of Excellence)

Sitara-e-Pakistan

(SPk)

Sitara-e-Imtiaz

(Military)

(Star of Excellence)

Tamgha-e-Diffa

(General Service Medal)

Dir-Bajaur 1960-62 Clasp

Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War

(War Star 1965)

Sitara-e-Harb

1971 War

(War Star 1965)

Tamgha-e-Jang

1965 War

(War Medal 1965)

Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War

(War Medal 1971)

Pakistan Tamgha

(Pakistan Medal)

1947

Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-

Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam

(100th Birth Anniversary of

Muhammad Ali Jinnah)

1976

Tamgha-e-Jamhuria

(Republic Commemoration Medal)

1956

War Medal

1939-1945

India Service Medal

1939–1945

Queen Elizabeth II

Coronation Medal

(1953)

Foreign decorations

[edit]
Foreign Awards
 UK War Medal 1939-1945
India Service Medal 1939–1945
Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Siddiqa-Agha, A. (2001). Pakistan's Arms Procurement and Military Buildup, 1979–99: In Search of a Policy (1st ed.). Springer. p. 218. ISBN 9780230513525. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d GoP, Govt. of Pakistan (1979). The Gazette of Pakistan. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  3. ^ a b c Ilmi Encyclopaedia of General Knowledge. Ilmi Kitab Khana. 1979.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Sehgal, Major Ikram (August 1999). "Obituary: A Soldier of Character General (Retd) Muhammad Shariff Former Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee". www.defencejournal.com. Defence Journal. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  5. ^ Amin, A.H. (February 2002). "Remembering Our Warriors: Brig. Shamim S. Manto". www.defencejournal.com. Islamabad: Defence Journal. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  6. ^ Nawaz, Shuja (2008). Crossed swords : Pakistan, its army, and the wars within. Karachi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195476606.
  7. ^ Wolpert, Stanley A. (1993). Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan: his life and times. Karachi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195076615. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  8. ^ a b Baruah, Amit (2007). Dateline Islamabad. Penguin Books India. ISBN 9780143102465. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  9. ^ Alam, Dr Shah (2012). Pakistan Army: Modernisation, Arms Procurement and Capacity Building. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. ISBN 9789381411797. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  10. ^ a b Khan, Feroz Hassan (2012). "Punishing Pakistan". Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistan' atomic bomb (google books) (1st ed.). Palo Alto, ca, u.s.: Stanford University Press. p. 400. ISBN 9780804784801. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  11. ^ Service, United States Foreign Broadcast Information (1979). Daily Report: People's Republic of China. National Technical Information Service. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  12. ^ Arif, Khalid Mahmud (1995). Working with Zia : Pakistan's power politics, 1977–1988. Karachi: Oxford University Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-19-577570-9. [Upon being informed that Operation Fair Play was underway,] General Shariff felt sorry that this ultimate step had become inevitable.
  13. ^ Brig (retd) Yasub Ali Dogar. "Pakistan's Higher Defence Reorganisation" Defence Journal January 1999
[edit]
Military offices
Preceded by
Post created
 Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
1976 – 1977 		Succeeded by
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