Jump to content

Alexander Mackenzie Fraser: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
 
(9 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|British Army general}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2017}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
Line 13: Line 14:
| placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
| placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
| nickname =
| nickname =
| allegiance = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom
| allegiance = {{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain}}<br/>{{Flagcountry|UKGBI}}
| branch = [[British Army]]
| branch ={{army|UK}}
| serviceyears = 1778–1809
| serviceyears = 1778–1809
| rank = [[Lieutenant General (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant General]]
| rank = [[Lieutenant General (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant General]]
Line 31: Line 32:
== Military service ==
== Military service ==
[[File:Alexander Mackenzie Fraser2.jpg|thumbnail|Alexander Mackenzie (1758–1809), 9th Lord Fraser of Inverallochy]]
[[File:Alexander Mackenzie Fraser2.jpg|thumbnail|Alexander Mackenzie (1758–1809), 9th Lord Fraser of Inverallochy]]
Educated at [[Aberdeen University]],<ref name=odnb>[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/10103?docPos=1 Alexander Mackenzie Fraser at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]</ref> he was [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] into the [[71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot|73rd Regiment of Foot]] in 1778.<ref name=odnb/> He distinguished himself at the [[Great Siege of Gibraltar]].<ref name="Scotland Fraser's History" /> He later served during the [[American war of Independence]] where he was wounded, and serving during the [[British campaign in Flanders (1774-1775)|British Campaign in Flanders]] where he temporarily commanded a brigade under [[Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany|Duke of York]]. He participated in the [[Cape of Good Hope expedition of 1796|Cape of Good Hope expedition]] in 1796, and served in India from 1796 to 1800. From 1803 to 1805 he was assigned to the Home Staff, temporary commanding one of the infantry brigades (Hanoverian) of the [[King's German Legion]] in 1805. In 1806 he served under General [[James Henry Craig]] in the [[Anglo-Russian invasion of Naples]] during his service in Sicily.
Educated at [[Aberdeen University]],<ref name=odnb>[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/10103?docPos=1 Alexander Mackenzie Fraser at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]</ref> he was [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] into the [[71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot|73rd Regiment of Foot]] in 1778.<ref name=odnb/> He distinguished himself at the [[Great Siege of Gibraltar]].<ref name="Scotland Fraser's History" /> He later served during the [[American war of Independence]] where he was wounded, and serving during the [[Low Countries theatre of the War of the First Coalition|British Campaign in Flanders]] where he temporarily commanded a brigade under [[Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany|Duke of York]]. He participated in the [[Invasion of the Cape Colony|Cape of Good Hope expedition]] in 1795, and served in India from 1796 to 1800. From 1803 to 1805 he was assigned to the Home Staff, temporary commanding one of the infantry brigades (Hanoverian) of the [[King's German Legion]] in the [[Hanover Expedition]] in 1805. In 1806 he served under General [[James Henry Craig]] in the [[Anglo-Russian invasion of Naples]] during his service in Sicily.


He commanded the [[Alexandria expedition of 1807|Alexandria expedition]] in 1807, invading Egypt on 16 March 1807 with 6,000 British troops. Mackenzie Fraser did first occupy Alexandria to secure the port as a base for Mediterranean operations and to prevent the French from making strategic use of it. Attempts to push inland, however, were not a success, with Fraser losing the two [[Engagement (military)|engagements]] at Rosetta (modern Rashid) on 29 March and 21 April, with two battalions suffering very heavy casualties, particularly in the later [[ambush]]. An agreement with [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Mohammed Ali]] for British troops to leave Egypt was finally signed on 19 September 1807.<ref>[http://www.napoleon.org/en/reading_room/timelines/files/friedland_06.asp History of the two empires – timelines] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907092949/http://www.napoleon.org/en/reading_room/timelines/files/friedland_06.asp |date=7 September 2008 }}</ref>
He commanded the [[Alexandria expedition of 1807|Alexandria expedition]] in 1807, invading Egypt on 16 March 1807 with 6,000 British troops. Mackenzie Fraser did first occupy Alexandria to secure the port as a base for Mediterranean operations and to prevent the French from making strategic use of it. Attempts to push inland, however, were not a success, with Fraser losing the two [[Engagement (military)|engagements]] at Rosetta (modern Rashid) on 29 March and 21 April, with two battalions suffering very heavy casualties, particularly in the later [[ambush]]. An agreement with [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Mohammed Ali]] for British troops to leave Egypt was finally signed on 19 September 1807.<ref>[http://www.napoleon.org/en/reading_room/timelines/files/friedland_06.asp History of the two empires – timelines] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907092949/http://www.napoleon.org/en/reading_room/timelines/files/friedland_06.asp |date=7 September 2008 }}</ref>


After Egypt he was given command of the [[1st Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|1st Division]] which was intended to be sent to aid Sweden in 1808 during the [[Finnish War|Russo-Swedish War]] in that year.
After Egypt, he was given command of the [[History of the British 1st Division between 1809–1909|1st Division]] which was intended to be sent to aid Sweden in 1808 during the [[Finnish War|Russo-Swedish War]] in that year.{{fact|date=December 2022}}


During the [[Peninsular War]] Mackenzie Fraser commanded the [[3rd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|3rd Division]] in Portugal and Spain during 1808–1809, and was present at the [[Battle of Corunna]].
During the [[Peninsular War]] Mackenzie Fraser commanded the [[3rd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|3rd Division]] in Portugal and Spain during 1808–1809, and was present at the [[Battle of Corunna]].


==Death==
==Death==
He again commanded a division during the [[Walcheren Campaign]] of 1809, dying from complications brought on by the illness he suffered there.<ref>[http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/BritishGenerals/c_Britishgenerals59.html British Generals of the Napoleonic Wars 1793–1815]</ref>
He again commanded a division during the [[Walcheren Campaign]] of 1809, dying at Hythe, Kent, from complications brought on by the illness he suffered there.<ref>[http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/BritishGenerals/c_Britishgenerals59.html British Generals of the Napoleonic Wars 1793–1815]</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
Line 76: Line 77:


{{DEFAULTSORT:Mackenzie Fraser, Alexander}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mackenzie Fraser, Alexander}}
[[Category:British Army generals]]
[[Category:British Army lieutenant generals]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]]
[[Category:1809 deaths]]
[[Category:1809 deaths]]
[[Category:1756 births]]
[[Category:1758 births]]
[[Category:73rd Regiment of Foot officers]]
[[Category:73rd Regiment of Foot officers]]
[[Category:78th Fraser Highlanders officers]]
[[Category:78th Fraser Highlanders officers]]

Latest revision as of 19:34, 8 July 2024

Alexander Mackenzie Fraser
Born1758
Aberdeenshire, Scotland
Died13 September 1809(1809-09-13) (aged 50–51)
Kingdom of Holland
Allegiance Kingdom of Great Britain
 Vereinigtes Königreich
Service/branch British Army
Years of service1778–1809
RankLieutenant General
Battles/warsAmerican war of Independence
Napoleonic Wars

Lieutenant General Alexander Mackenzie Fraser (1758 – 13 September 1809) was a British General. He was known as Mackenzie until he took additional name of Fraser in 1803.

Family and early life

[edit]

The family of Fraser of Castle Fraser, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland are descended, on the female side, from the Honorable Sir Simon Fraser of Inverallochy, second son of Simon, eighth Lord Lovat, but on the male side their name is Mackenzie.[1]

Military service

[edit]
Alexander Mackenzie (1758–1809), 9th Lord Fraser of Inverallochy

Educated at Aberdeen University,[2] he was commissioned into the 73rd Regiment of Foot in 1778.[2] He distinguished himself at the Great Siege of Gibraltar.[1] He later served during the American war of Independence where he was wounded, and serving during the British Campaign in Flanders where he temporarily commanded a brigade under Duke of York. He participated in the Cape of Good Hope expedition in 1795, and served in India from 1796 to 1800. From 1803 to 1805 he was assigned to the Home Staff, temporary commanding one of the infantry brigades (Hanoverian) of the King's German Legion in the Hanover Expedition in 1805. In 1806 he served under General James Henry Craig in the Anglo-Russian invasion of Naples during his service in Sicily.

He commanded the Alexandria expedition in 1807, invading Egypt on 16 March 1807 with 6,000 British troops. Mackenzie Fraser did first occupy Alexandria to secure the port as a base for Mediterranean operations and to prevent the French from making strategic use of it. Attempts to push inland, however, were not a success, with Fraser losing the two engagements at Rosetta (modern Rashid) on 29 March and 21 April, with two battalions suffering very heavy casualties, particularly in the later ambush. An agreement with Mohammed Ali for British troops to leave Egypt was finally signed on 19 September 1807.[3]

After Egypt, he was given command of the 1st Division which was intended to be sent to aid Sweden in 1808 during the Russo-Swedish War in that year.[citation needed]

During the Peninsular War Mackenzie Fraser commanded the 3rd Division in Portugal and Spain during 1808–1809, and was present at the Battle of Corunna.

Death

[edit]

He again commanded a division during the Walcheren Campaign of 1809, dying at Hythe, Kent, from complications brought on by the illness he suffered there.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Scotland Fraser's History
  2. ^ a b Alexander Mackenzie Fraser at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  3. ^ History of the two empires – timelines Archived 7 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ British Generals of the Napoleonic Wars 1793–1815
[edit]
  • "Fraser, Alexander Mackenzie" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
  • Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Alexander Mackenzie Fraser
Military offices
Preceded by Colonel of the 78th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot
1796–1809 		Succeeded by
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Vacant
alternating constituency
Title last held by
Duncan Davidson 		Member of Parliament for Cromartyshire
1802 – 1806 		Vacant
alternating constituency
Title next held by
Robert Bruce Aeneas Macleod
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Ross-shire
1806–1809 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Mackenzie_Fraser&oldid=1233378403"