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{{Short description|Category 4 Pacific hurricane in 2001}}
{{Short description|Category 4 Pacific hurricane in 2001}}
{{Lead section inadequate|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox weather event
{{Infobox weather event
| name = Hurricane Juliette
| name = Hurricane Juliette
Line 12: Line 11:
}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
| year = 2001
| year = 2001
| fatalities = 12 total
| fatalities = 13 total
| damage = 400000000
| damage = 400000000
| areas = [[Baja California Peninsula]], Western Mexico, [[Southern California]], [[Arizona]]
| areas = [[Baja California Peninsula]], Western Mexico, [[Southern California]], [[Arizona]]
Line 19: Line 18:
| season = [[2001 Pacific hurricane season]]
| season = [[2001 Pacific hurricane season]]
}}
}}
'''Hurricane Juliette''' was a powerful [[Pacific hurricane]] that struck [[Mexico]] in September 2001. A long-lived [[tropical cyclone]], Juliette originated from a [[tropical wave]] that exited western [[Africa]], the same wave that earlier spawned Atlantic [[2001 Atlantic hurricane season#Tropical Depression Nine|Tropical Depression Nine]] near Nicaragua on September 19. Two days later, a new tropical depression developed offshore [[Guatemala]], which became Hurricane Juliette by September 22 as it [[rapid deepening|rapidly intensified]] off western Mexico. On September 24 it strengthened into a [[List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes|Category 4 hurricane]] on the [[Saffir-Simpson scale]], only to weaken due to an [[eyewall replacement cycle]], then re-intensified a day later to attain [[maximum sustained winds]] of 230 km/h (145 mph), with a minimum [[atmospheric pressure|barometric pressure]] of {{convert|923|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}. Juliette weakened as it moved toward the [[Baja California peninsula]], producing hurricane-force winds and torrential rainfall across [[Baja California Sur]]. On September 30 after the hurricane had weakened, Juliette made [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] near [[San Carlos, Baja California Sur|San Carlos]] as a minimal chia. After drifting across the [[Gulf of California]], Juliette dissipated on October 3.
'''Hurricane Juliette''' was a long-lived [[Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale|Category 4]] [[hurricane]] in the [[2001 Pacific hurricane season]]. It caused 12 deaths and $400&nbsp;million (2001&nbsp;USD; ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|400000000|2001|r=2}}}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}&nbsp;USD) in damage when it hit [[Baja California]] in late September.<ref name="Diapositiva 1">[http://www.foroconsultivo.org.mx/eventos_realizados/proteccion1/ponencias/zuniga.pdf Diapositiva 1<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Juliette developed from a tropical wave that had previously produced a tropical depression. The wave moved from the Atlantic to the Eastern Pacific, where it started to intensify. Soon, it became a tropical storm and was named ''Juliette''. It then became a hurricane two days later, after struggling to do so. [[Rapid intensification|Rapidly intensifying]] due to favourable conditions, Juliette reached Category 4 status. However, an [[eyewall replacement cycle]] caused Juliette to significantly weaken down to a Category 2 hurricane. It eventually completed the cycle, and Juliette was able to reintensify to its peak intensity of 145&nbsp;mph and 923 milibars. Another eyewall replacement cycle ensued however, resulting in Juliette having 3 eyewalls at once, which is an extremely rare occurrence. Eventually, Juliette weakened to a tropical storm, but Juliette's circulation was still well-defined. Warm waters allowed it to re-intensify to a hurricane, but this was short-lived as Juliette meandered near Baja California and its center became difficult to locate. It made landfall on Baja California as a tropical storm. Its circulation reached the Gulf of California, where it restrengthened slightly. Juliette made landfall on Baja California and dissipated on October 3.

During its path across the Pacific, Juliette affected much of the Pacific coast of Mexico, killing 13&nbsp;people from [[Chiapas]] to the Baja California peninsula. The strongest winds and heaviest rainfall occurred in Baja California Sur, with wind gusts of 174&nbsp;km/h (108&nbsp;mph), and a precipitation total of {{convert|39.80|in|mm|abbr=on|order=flip}} recorded at [[Santiago, Baja California Sur|Santiago]]. Damage in the country reached over [[Mexican peso|Mex$]]1.755&nbsp;billion ([[United States dollar|US$]]188&nbsp;million), of which the worst effects were in the [[List of states of Mexico|state]] of [[Sonora]]. There, the rains over three days equaled the average annual precipitation, which resulted in flooding and landslides. The hurricane also killed a sailor off the coast of [[Acapulco]]. Thunderstorms extended into the southwestern United States, knocking down power lines near [[Palm Springs, California|Palm Springs]].


==Meteorological history==
==Meteorological history==
{{storm path|Juliette 2001 track.png}}
{{storm path|Juliette 2001 track.png}}
A [[tropical wave]] exited the west coast of Africa on September&nbsp;11. The wave moved westward across the [[Tropical cyclone basins|Atlantic Ocean]] without development, reaching the [[Caribbean Sea]] on September&nbsp;16. Three days later, the [[convection (meteorology)|convection]] expanded and became increasingly organized. At 18:00&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on September&nbsp;19, Tropical Depression Nine developed in the southwestern Caribbean Sea, located about 60&nbsp;mi (95&nbsp;km) north-northwest of [[San Andrés (island)|San Andrés]].<ref name="9tcr">{{cite report|author=Jack Beven|date=October 24, 2001|publisher=National Hurricane Center|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL092001_Nine.pdf|format=PDF|title=Tropical Depression Nine Tropical Cyclone Abbreviated Report|accessdate=June 13, 2024}}</ref> Upon its formation, the depression already had a circular upper-level [[outflow (meteorology)|outflow]], which [[National Hurricane Center]] (NHC) forecaster Stacy Stewart described as "impressive... more indicative of a mature tropical cyclone." The NHC anticipated that the westward track would continue, ultimately resulting in a significant tropical cyclone in the eastern Pacific Ocean.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical Depression Nine Discussion 1|publisher=National Hurricane Center|author=Stacy Stewart|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/al092001.discus.001.html|date=September 19, 2001|accessdate=June 13, 2024}}</ref> The depression moved ashore northeastern [[Nicaragua]] early on September&nbsp;20 near [[Puerto Cabezas]], and soon after, the surface circulation dissipated over the mountains of [[Central America]].<ref name="9tcr"/>
A [[tropical wave]] exited the west coast of Africa on September&nbsp;11. The wave moved westward across the [[Tropical cyclone basins|Atlantic Ocean]] without development, reaching the [[Caribbean Sea]] on September&nbsp;16. Three days later, the [[convection (meteorology)|convection]] expanded and became increasingly organized. At 18:00&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on September&nbsp;19, Tropical Depression Nine developed in the southwestern Caribbean Sea, located about 60&nbsp;mi (95&nbsp;km) north-northwest of [[San Andrés (island)|San Andrés]].<ref name="9tcr">{{cite report|author=Jack Beven|date=October 24, 2001|publisher=National Hurricane Center|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL092001_Nine.pdf|title=Tropical Depression Nine Tropical Cyclone Abbreviated Report|accessdate=June 13, 2024}}</ref> Upon its formation, the depression already had a circular upper-level [[outflow (meteorology)|outflow]], which [[National Hurricane Center]] (NHC) forecaster Stacy Stewart described as "impressive... more indicative of a mature tropical cyclone." The NHC anticipated that the westward track would continue, ultimately resulting in a significant tropical cyclone in the eastern Pacific Ocean.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical Depression Nine Discussion 1|publisher=National Hurricane Center|author=Stacy Stewart|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/al092001.discus.001.html|date=September 19, 2001|accessdate=June 13, 2024}}</ref> The depression moved ashore northeastern [[Nicaragua]] early on September&nbsp;20 near [[Puerto Cabezas]], and soon after, the surface circulation dissipated over the mountains of [[Central America]].<ref name="9tcr"/>


The remnants of the depression continued westward into the eastern Pacific Ocean, which quickly reorganized. At 06:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;21, a small tropical depression developed about 165&nbsp;km (105&nbsp;mi) south of [[Guatemala]]. A [[ridge (meteorology)|ridge]] steered the system west-northwestward, parallel to the coast about {{convert|115|to|230|mi|km|abbr=on|order=flip}} offshore. Despite the proximity to land, the small system quickly intensified due to warm [[sea surface temperature|water temperatures]] and light wind shear. At 18:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;21, the NHC initiated advisories on the system, naming it Tropical Storm Juliette, based on observations from the [[Hurricane Hunters]].<ref name="TCR">{{cite report |last1=Lawrence |first1=Miles B. |last2=Mainelli |first2=Michelle M. |title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Juliette |url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP112001_Juliette}} |publisher=National Hurricane Center |date=November 30, 2001|access-date=August 25, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Disc 1">{{cite web|last=Franklin|first=James|title=Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 1|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.001.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 21, 2001}}</ref> With the favorable environmental conditions, [[tropical cyclone forecast model]]s anticipated that the storm would intensify within the next two days.<ref name="d3">{{cite web|author=Lixion Avila|title=Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 3|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.003.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 22, 2001}}</ref> Although the thunderstorms temporarily decreased near its center, Juliette developed good [[outflow (meteorology)|outflow]] by September&nbsp;22, a sign of a maturing tropical cyclone.<ref name="d4">{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|title=Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 4|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.004.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 22, 2001}}</ref> Early the next day, a [[central dense overcast]] developed over the circulation as the structure became more symmetrical.<ref name="d7">{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|title=Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 7|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.007.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 23, 2001}}</ref> Later that day, an eye developed in the center of the convection, and by 12:00&nbsp;UTC, Juliette attained hurricane status, with [[maximum sustained winds]] reaching 120&nbsp;km/h (75&nbsp;mph).<ref name="d8">{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|title=Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 8|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.008.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 23, 2001}}</ref><ref name=TCR />
The remnants of the depression continued westward into the eastern Pacific Ocean, which quickly reorganized. At 06:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;21, a small tropical depression developed about 165&nbsp;km (105&nbsp;mi) south of [[Guatemala]]. A [[ridge (meteorology)|ridge]] steered the system west-northwestward, parallel to the coast about {{convert|115|to|230|mi|km|abbr=on|order=flip}} offshore. Despite the proximity to land, the small system quickly intensified due to warm [[sea surface temperature|water temperatures]] and light wind shear. At 18:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;21, the NHC initiated advisories on the system, naming it Tropical Storm Juliette, based on observations from the [[Hurricane Hunters]].<ref name="TCR">{{cite report |last1=Lawrence |first1=Miles B. |last2=Mainelli |first2=Michelle M. |title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Juliette |url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP112001_Juliette}} |publisher=National Hurricane Center |date=November 30, 2001|access-date=August 25, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Disc 1">{{cite web|last=Franklin|first=James|title=Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 1|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.001.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 21, 2001}}</ref> With the favorable environmental conditions, [[tropical cyclone forecast model]]s anticipated that the storm would intensify within the next two days.<ref name="d3">{{cite web|author=Lixion Avila|title=Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 3|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.003.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 22, 2001}}</ref> Although the thunderstorms temporarily decreased near its center, Juliette developed good [[outflow (meteorology)|outflow]] by September&nbsp;22, a sign of a maturing tropical cyclone.<ref name="d4">{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|title=Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 4|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.004.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 22, 2001}}</ref> Early the next day, a [[central dense overcast]] developed over the circulation as the structure became more symmetrical.<ref name="d7">{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|title=Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 7|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.007.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 23, 2001}}</ref> Later that day, an eye developed in the center of the convection, and by 12:00&nbsp;UTC, Juliette attained hurricane status, with [[maximum sustained winds]] reaching 120&nbsp;km/h (75&nbsp;mph).<ref name="d8">{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|title=Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 8|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.008.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 23, 2001}}</ref><ref name=TCR />


Upon becoming a hurricane, Juliette was undergoing [[rapid deepening|rapid intensification]]. Late on September&nbsp;23, the hurricane developed a pinhole eye, which was embedded within the central dense overcast, and surrounded by rainbands.<ref name=TCR /><ref name="d10">{{cite web|author=Lixion Avila|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 10|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.010.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 23, 2001}}</ref> Early on September&nbsp;24, Juliette executed several small cyclonic loops. NHC forecaster Stacy Stewart noted that "this type of erratic motion is not unusual for tropical cyclones that undergo rapid deepening." At 06:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;24, the hurricane attained an initial peak intensity of 215&nbsp;km/h (130&nbsp;mph), making Juliette a Category&nbsp;4 on the [[Saffir-Simpson scale]]. It had strengthened by 110&nbsp;km/h (70&nbsp;mph) over 24&nbsp;hours. The tropical cyclone forecast models anticipated further strengthening, possibly to Category&nbsp;5 intensity.<ref name="d11">{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 11|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.011.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 24, 2001}}</ref><ref name=TCR /> However, the hurricane underwent an [[eyewall replacement cycle]], in which the small inner eye dissipated, causing the winds to drop to 175&nbsp;km/h (110&nbsp;mph) by late on September&nbsp;24.<ref name=TCR /> By early the next day, a well-defined 19&nbsp;km (11&nbsp;mi) eye had redeveloped in the center of the convection, signaling that Juliette was restrengthening.<ref name="d16">{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 16|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.016.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 25, 2001}}</ref> The Hurricane Hunters observed a minimum pressure of {{convert|923|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}} on September&nbsp;25, which at the time was the second-lowest pressure ever recorded in the eastern Pacific Ocean, after [[Hurricane Ava]] in 1973. Observations also indicated sustained winds of at least 218&nbsp;km/h (136&nbsp;mph), although satellite-estimated winds were as high as 260&nbsp;km/h (160&nbsp;mph). The NHC assessed that Juliette attained peak winds of 230&nbsp;km/h (145&nbsp;mph).<ref name=TCR /><ref name="d19">{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 19|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.019.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 25, 2001}}</ref>
Upon becoming a hurricane, Juliette was undergoing [[rapid deepening|rapid intensification]]. Late on September&nbsp;23, the hurricane developed a pinhole eye, which was embedded within the central dense overcast, and surrounded by rainbands.<ref name=TCR /><ref name="d10">{{cite web|author=Lixion Avila|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 10|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.010.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 23, 2001}}</ref> Early on September&nbsp;24, Juliette executed several small cyclonic loops. NHC forecaster Stacy Stewart noted that "this type of erratic motion is not unusual for tropical cyclones that undergo rapid deepening." At 06:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;24, the hurricane attained an initial peak intensity of 215&nbsp;km/h (130&nbsp;mph), making Juliette a Category&nbsp;4 on the [[Saffir-Simpson scale]]. It had strengthened by 110&nbsp;km/h (70&nbsp;mph) over 24&nbsp;hours. The tropical cyclone forecast models anticipated further strengthening, possibly to Category&nbsp;5 intensity.<ref name="d11">{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 11|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.011.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 24, 2001}}</ref><ref name=TCR /> However, the hurricane underwent an [[eyewall replacement cycle]], in which the small inner eye dissipated, causing the winds to drop to 175&nbsp;km/h (110&nbsp;mph) by late September&nbsp;24.<ref name=TCR /> By early the next day, a well-defined 19&nbsp;km (11&nbsp;mi) eye had redeveloped in the center of the convection, signaling that Juliette was restrengthening.<ref name="d16">{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 16|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.016.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 25, 2001}}</ref> The Hurricane Hunters observed a minimum pressure of {{convert|923|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}} on September&nbsp;25, which at the time was the second-lowest pressure ever recorded in the eastern Pacific Ocean, after [[Hurricane Ava]] in 1973. Observations also indicated sustained winds of at least 218&nbsp;km/h (136&nbsp;mph), although satellite-estimated winds were as high as 260&nbsp;km/h (160&nbsp;mph). The NHC assessed that Juliette attained peak winds of 230&nbsp;km/h (145&nbsp;mph).<ref name=TCR /><ref name="d19">{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 19|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.019.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 25, 2001}}</ref>


[[File:Juliette 2001-09-26 1800Z.jpg|thumb|right|Hurricane Juliette with three simultaneous eyewalls on September 26]]
[[File:Juliette 2001-09-26 1800Z.jpg|thumb|right|Hurricane Juliette with three simultaneous eyewalls on September 26]]
Shortly after its peak, a strong trough of low pressure brought Hurricane Juliette northward where the cyclone moved over [[sea surface temperatures|cooler water temperatures]].<ref name=TCR /> While Juliette initially maintained well-defined [[rainband|banding features]] and an impressive [[Outflow (meteorology)|upper-level outflow]],<ref name="Disc 22">{{cite web|last=Avila|first=Lixon|author2=Mianelli|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 22|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.022.html|work=[[National Hurricane Center]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date=May 12, 2012|date=September 26, 2001}}</ref> another eyewall replacement cycle took its toll on the storm; this time three centric eyewalls formed compared to the normal two, a very rare occurrence.<ref name="Disc 24">{{cite web|last=Beven|first=Jack|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 24|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.024.html|work=[[National Hurricane Center]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date=May 12, 2012|date=September 27, 2001}}</ref> Moving much farther east than anticipated,<ref name="Disc 25">{{cite web|last=Avila|first=Lixon|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 25|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.025.html|work=[[National Hurricane Center]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date=May 12, 2012|date=September 27, 2001}}</ref> an [[eye (cyclone)|eye]] was no longer visible on [[satellite imagery]] by September 27.<ref name="Disc 26">{{cite web|last=Franklin|first=James|author2=Mianelli|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 26|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.026.html|work=[[National Hurricane Center]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date=May 12, 2012|date=September 27, 2001}}</ref>
Shortly after its peak, Juliette's path turned more to the northwest toward the [[Baja California peninsula]], drawn northward by an eastward-moving trough off the west coast of the United States. Also around that time, the hurricane underwent another eyewall replacement cycle.<ref name=TCR /><ref name="d20">{{cite web|author=Jack Beven|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 20|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.020.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 26, 2001}}</ref> Early on September&nbsp;27, the Hurricane Hunters observed three concentric eyewalls, which forecaster Jack Beven described as "a rather uncommon occurrence." By that time, Juliette was weakening as its convective organization deteriorated.<ref name="d24">{{cite web|author=Jack Beven|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 24|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.024.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 27, 2001}}</ref><ref name=TCR /> Early on September&nbsp;28, the hurricane passed about 110&nbsp;km (70&nbsp;mi) west of [[Cabo San Lucas]] along the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula. Around that time, Juliette had sustained winds of 130&nbsp;km/h (80&nbsp;mph), with diminished thunderstorms near the center.<ref>{{cite web|author=James Franklin|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/pub/ep112001.public_a.028.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 28, 2001|title=Hurricane Juliette Intermediate Advisory Number 28A}}</ref><ref name=TCR /><ref>{{cite web|author=Jack Beven|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 28|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.028.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 28, 2001}}</ref> The combination of land interaction and cooler temperatures caused the hurricane to weaken further, and Juliette briefly dropped to tropical storm status late on September&nbsp;28. Its motion also slowed, as the trough to the north had weakened.<ref name=TCR /><ref>{{cite web|author=Lixion Avila|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 30|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.030.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 28, 2001}}</ref> The thunderstorms redeveloped over the center early on September&nbsp;29, and Juliette re-intensified to hurricane status for about 12&nbsp;hours, only to weaken again due to land interaction.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jack Beven|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 32|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.032.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 29, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Lixion Avila|title=Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 34|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.034.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 29, 2001}}</ref> By late on September&nbsp;29, the circulation was exposed from the convection, although rainbands extended far from the center into the southwestern United States.<ref>{{cite web|author=Lixion Avila|title=Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 35|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.035.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 29, 2001}}</ref> At around 00:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;30, Juliette made landfall near [[San Carlos, Baja California Sur]], with winds of about 65&nbsp;km/h (40&nbsp;mph).<ref name="TCR"/>


Juliette slowed its forward motion as it continued north-northwestward and weakened to a tropical storm on September 28.<ref name=TCR /> Even though thunderstorm activity decreased markedly, Tropical Storm Juliette maintained a well-defined [[atmospheric circulation]] and a large area of [[gale]]-force winds.<ref name="Disc 30">{{cite web|last=Avila|first=Lixon|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 30|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.030.html|work=[[National Hurricane Center]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date=May 12, 2012|date=September 28, 2001}}</ref><ref name="Disc 31">{{cite web|last=Avila|first=Lixon|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 31|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.031.html|work=[[National Hurricane Center]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date=May 12, 2012|date=September 28, 2001}}</ref> A small area of warm waters near the [[Baja California Peninsula]] allowed the storm to re-strengthen into a hurricane early on September 29 as convection increased. At this time, [[tropical cyclone forecast model|computer models]] suggested two distinct possibilities of the storm's path. Some suggested Hurricane Juliette might move inland while others expected the hurricane to parallel the peninsula.<ref name="Disc 32">{{cite web|last=Beven|first=Jack|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 32|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.032.html|work=[[National Hurricane Center]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date=May 12, 2012|date=September 29, 2001}}</ref>
Soon after moving over land, Juliette weakened into a tropical depression and became disorganized, as stronger wind shear stripped the thunderstorms from the circulation. It quickly crossed the Baja California peninsula and emerged into the Gulf of California, although the NHC noted the possibility that the original circulation dissipated over land and a new one formed over water. A building ridge turned the circulation northwestward as thunderstorms redeveloped.<ref name=TCR /><ref>{{cite web|author=Jack Beven|title=Tropical Depression Juliette Discussion 36|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.036.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=September 30, 2001}}</ref><ref name="Disc 39">{{cite web|author1=Robert Pasch|author2=Ed Rappaport|title=Tropical Depression Juliette Discussion 39|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.039.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=June 22, 2024|date=September 30, 2001}}</ref> The NHC discontinued advisories on October&nbsp;1 while Juliette was near [[Tiburón Island]], assessing that the depression moved inland. Instead, the circulation continued to the northwest over water, and the NHC resumed advisories on October&nbsp;2, after Juliette generated enough thunderstorms to be re-designated a tropical depression. Moving westward, the circulation dissipated on October&nbsp;3 in the northern Gulf of California, just offshore [[Puertecitos]].<ref name=TCR /><ref>{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|title=Tropical Depression Juliette Discussion 40|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.040.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=October 1, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|title=Tropical Depression Juliette Advisory Number 40|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/pub/ep112001.public.040.html|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=June 22, 2024|date=October 1, 2001}}</ref>

Meandering offshore, the center soon became difficult to locate.<ref name="Disc 34">{{cite web|last=Avila|first=Lixon|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 34|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.034.html|work=[[National Hurricane Center]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date=May 12, 2012|date=September 29, 2001}}</ref> The low-level circulation became exposed from the deep convection<ref name="Disc 36">{{cite web|last=Beven|first=Jack|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 36|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.036.html|work=[[National Hurricane Center]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date=May 12, 2012|date=September 30, 2001}}</ref> as increased vertical shear again took its toll on Juliette, and the storm hit Baja California near [[Cabo San Lucas]] as a minimal tropical storm at 0000 UTC September 30. Although scientists noted the possibility of slight re-intensification over the [[Gulf of California]],<ref name="Disc 39">{{cite web|last=Pasch|first=Robert|author2=Rappaport|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 39|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.039.html|work=[[National Hurricane Center]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date=May 12, 2012|date=September 30, 2001}}</ref> Juliette's low level circulation remained as it crossed the peninsula, and it restrengthened in the northern Gulf of California<ref name=TCR /> as the circulation became better defined.<ref name="Disc 41">{{cite web|last=Franklin|first=James|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 41|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.041.html|work=[[National Hurricane Center]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date=May 12, 2012|date=October 1, 2001}}</ref> Lacking deep convection,<ref name="Disc 42">{{cite web|last=Beven|first=Jack|title=Hurricane Juliette Discussion 42|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2001/dis/ep112001.discus.042.html|work=[[National Hurricane Center]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date=May 12, 2012|date=October 1, 2001}}</ref> it drifted westward, where, after making a landfall in northeastern Baja California, it finally dissipated early on October 3.<ref name=TCR />


==Preparations==
==Preparations==
Upon Juliette's designation as a tropical cyclone on September&nbsp;21, the [[government of Mexico]] began issuing various [[tropical cyclone warnings and watches]] for southern portions of the country, as far as east as [[Salina Cruz]], Oaxaca. Although these initial warnings were dropped on September&nbsp;22, additional tropical storm warnings were issued a day later for southwestern Mexico. The government of Mexico issued tropical storm warnings for the southern Baja California peninsula on September&nbsp;26, two days before Juliette's closest approach to the region. A day later, the government of Mexico issued hurricane warnings between [[Cabo San Lázaro]] along the west coast of the peninsula to El Burro along the east coast. In addition, tropical storm warnings were posted for the eastern coastline of the Gulf of California from [[Mazatlán]] to [[Yavaros]]. The watches and warnings were canceled as Juliette weakened.<ref name="TCR" />
<!--===Watches and warnings===-->

{{see also|Tropical cyclone warnings and watches}}
In southern Mexico, the threat of Juliette prompted ports to close in Acapulco and [[Zihuatanejo]].<ref name="punch"/> During the storm passage, all airports in Baja California were closed. About 6,000&nbsp;people made use of 45&nbsp;shelters. Throughout Sonora, officials set up 169&nbsp;shelters, which were ultimately used by 16,365&nbsp;people.<ref name="eval"/>
Not long after Juliette was designated as a tropical storm on September&nbsp;21, the [[Government of Mexico]] issued a [[Tropical cyclone warnings and watches|tropical storm warning]] for areas between [[Salina Cruz]] and [[Acapulco]] and a [[Tropical cyclone warnings and watches|tropical storm watch]] for areas west of Acapulco to [[Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán]]. Later that day, the warning was updated to include areas through [[Zihuatanejo]] and a watch through [[Manzanillo, Colima]]. Once Juliette turned westward and no longer posed a threat to the country, all watches and warnings were discontinued by the afternoon of September&nbsp;22. However, due to the system's slow, erratic track on September&nbsp;23, a [[Tropical cyclone warnings and watches|hurricane watch]] and tropical storm warning was issued for areas between Lázaro Cárdenas and [[Cabo Corrientes, Jalisco|Cabo Corrientes]]. These advisories remained in place through the afternoon of September&nbsp;25, by which time Juliette had picked up forward momentum and tracked northwestward. By September&nbsp;26, the hurricane threatened land once more, prompting watches and warnings for the [[Baja California Peninsula]]. Initially, only a tropical storm watch was issued for the southern tip of [[Baja California Sur]] but, as the storm neared the peninsula, more extensive advisories were declared. By the morning of September&nbsp;27, a hurricane warning covered much of both coasts of Baja California Sur as the storm was forecast to track directly through the state. The following day, a tropical storm warning was issued for areas between [[Mazatlán]] and [[Yavaros]] in [[Sonora]] but, this was discontinued later that day. As the storm stalled offshore and weakened, all hurricane warnings were replaced with tropical storm warnings which were later canceled once Juliette weakened to a tropical depression.<ref name="TCR" /> Forecasters also noted the possibility of moisture spreading into the Southwestern portion of the United States.<ref name="Disc 42" />


==Impact==
==Impact==
⚫
[[File:Juliette 2001 rainfall.gif|thumb|right|Storm total rainfall for Juliette]]
When the depression struck Nicaragua, [[Puerto Cabezas]] recorded sustained winds of {{convert|30|mph|km/h|order=flip}}.<ref name="9tcr"/>
When the depression struck Nicaragua, [[Puerto Cabezas]] recorded sustained winds of {{convert|30|mph|km/h|abbr=on|order=flip}}.<ref name="9tcr"/>


===Southern Mexico===
===Mexico===
A large cyclone, Juliette affected much of the Pacific coast of Mexico with clouds, rainfall, and high waves, particularly the [[List of states of Mexico|states]] of Baja California Sur and Sonora.<ref name="smn">{{cite report|url=https://smn.conagua.gob.mx/tools/DATA/Ciclones%20Tropicales/Ciclones/2001-Juliette.pdf|publisher=Servicio Meteorológico Nacional|title=Huracán Juliette |language=Spanish|accessdate=June 23, 2024}}</ref> A weather station in Cabo San Lucas recorded sustained winds of 141&nbsp;km/h (87&nbsp;mph), with gusts to 174&nbsp;km/h (108&nbsp;mph).<ref name="TCR" /> In [[Hermosillo]], wind gusts reached {{convert|167|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rmgir.proyectomesoamerica.org/PDFAtlasEstatales/SONORA_resumen.pdf|publisher=Red Mesoamericana para la Gestión Integral de Riesgos|title=Sonora Resumen|language=Spanish|accessdate=June 25, 2024}}</ref> Earlier while Juliette was near its peak intensity, it produced gusts of 74&nbsp;km/h (46&nbsp;mph) in Manzanillo.<ref name="d20"/> The heaviest rainfall occurred along the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula, with a maximum precipitation total of {{convert|39.80|in|mm|abbr=on|order=flip}} recorded at [[Santiago, Baja California Sur|Santiago]]. This was among the [[Mexico tropical cyclone rainfall climatology|wettest known tropical cyclones]] in northwestern Mexico. In neighboring Baja California, Juliette produced a rainfall total of {{convert|10.28|in|mm|abbr=on|order=flip}}. Also in the state, the highest 24&nbsp;hour rainfall total in the country was {{convert|207.2|mm|in|abbr=on}} in [[San Felipe, Baja California|San Felipe]]. Across the Gulf of California, parts of [[Sonora]] experienced significant rainfall, the equivalent of a year's worth of precipitation over three days. A station along the [[Mayo River (Mexico)|Mayo River]] recorded {{convert|380|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name="TCR" /><ref name="smn"/><ref name="rain">{{cite web|title=Hurricane Juliette - September 25-October 3, 2001|publisher=Weather Prediction Center|accessdate=June 23, 2024|date=May 12, 2022|author=David Roth|url=https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/juliette2001.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Maximum Rainfall Caused by Tropical Cyclones and their remnants per Mexican state (1981-2010)|url=https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/tcmexicostatemaxima.gif|publisher=Weather Prediction Center|accessdate=June 23, 2024|date=May 12, 2022}}</ref><ref name="eval"/>
Along coastal areas around Acapulco, the storm brought heavy rainfall and strong winds.<ref name="RW1">{{cite web|agency=Associated Press|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=September 23, 2001|access-date=July 7, 2010|title=Hurricane Juliette gathers strength, hits Mexican coast|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/ACOS-64CAJJ?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=ST-2001-0562-MEX|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121212232931/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/ACOS-64CAJJ?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=ST-2001-0562-MEX|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 12, 2012}}</ref> Offshore, one fisherman was killed by the storm after he set sail directly into it. In [[Guerrero]], heavy rains triggered flash floods that washed out two bridges and destroyed 20 homes.<ref name="RW2">{{cite web|author=Agence France-Presse|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=September 24, 2001|access-date=July 7, 2010|title=Hurricane Juliette leaves one dead, destruction in its wake|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/ACOS-64C2KE?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=ST-2001-0562-MEX}}</ref> As rains continued to fall over the following days, mountainsides gave way, producing landslides which killed seven people. Strong winds also uprooted trees and downed power lines in several states. Additionally, two fishermen were listed as missing after venturing out into {{convert|5|m|ft}} [[Swell (ocean)|swells]] produced by Juliette.<ref name="RW3">{{cite web|author=Deutsche Presse Agentur|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=September 26, 2001|access-date=July 7, 2010|title=Hurricane Juliette leaves seven dead in Mexico|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/OCHA-64D34B?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=ST-2001-0562-MEX}}</ref> Throughout [[Michoacán]], an estimated 1,000 people were left homeless by the hurricane.<ref name="RW4">{{cite web|author=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=September 28, 2001|access-date=July 7, 2010|title=OCHA Situation Report No. 4|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/ACOS-64CNYT?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=ST-2001-0562-MEX}}</ref>


Throughout Mexico, Juliette killed at least 13&nbsp;people. Deadly rains occurred as far east as [[Chiapas]] where three people died &ndash; two due to river floods entering homes, and the other due to a [[Mudflow|mudslide]]. A fisherman near [[Acapulco]] drowned amid high seas. There were also two deaths in Baja California Sur, one related to an American surfer. There were another seven fatalities in Sonora.<ref name="bbc928">{{cite news|title=Mexico's deadly hurricane eases|publisher=BBC News|date=September 28, 2001|accessdate=June 28, 2024|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1569934.stm}}</ref> <ref name="TCR"/><ref name="eval"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Hurricane Juliette batters Baja California|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/sep/29/mexico|accessdate=June 29, 2024|date=September 29, 2001}}</ref> Between Baja California Sur and Sonora, Juliette damaged 18,873&nbsp;houses and 273&nbsp;schools. The combined damage total between the two states was Mex$1.755&nbsp;billion (US$188&nbsp;million).<ref name="eval"/> Damage across all of Mexico was estimated at US$400&nbsp;million.{{EM-DAT}}
===Baja California Peninsula===
⚫
[[File:Juliette 2001 rainfall.gif|thumb|right|Storm total rainfall for Juliette]]
As Hurricane Juliette stalled just off the coast of Baja California Sur, it produced prolonged heavy rainfall in the region. A large swath of the state, along the eastern coast, received more than {{convert|10|in|mm}} of rain and areas along the southern tip reported more than {{convert|20|in|mm}}. A maximum of {{convert|39.8|in|mm}} fell in [[Caudaño]],<ref>{{cite web|first=David |last=Roth |work=[[Hydrometeorological Prediction Center]] |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=July 7, 2010 |title=Hurricane Juliette - September 25-October 3, 2001 |url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropica;/rain/juliette2001.html }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> the highest known total ever recorded from a tropical cyclone in the state.<ref>{{cite web|last=Roth|first=David|publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center|year=2010|access-date=July 7, 2010|title=Tropical Cyclone Maxima Per Mexican State|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/tcmexicostatemaxima.gif}}</ref>


The heaviest damage was in Sonora, where the rains led to flash flooding along several river valleys, including the Mayo, [[Yaqui River|Yaqui]], San Marcial, and [[Sonora River|Sonora]] rivers. The floodwater exceeded the capacity of water systems, causing landslides and road damage, including along [[Mexican Federal Highway 15]]. Floodwaters temporarily isolated the city of [[Empalme, Sonora|Empalme]], affecting 300&nbsp;families. In [[Ciudad Obregón]] and [[Huatabampo]], the floods damaged the roofs of the main hospitals. Statewide, the storm destroyed 4,325&nbsp;houses and forced 38,000&nbsp;people from their homes, with the most significant housing damage in [[Cajeme]], [[Etchojoa Municipality|Etchojoa]], [[Guaymas]], and Huatabampo. Access to water wells was disrupted when electrical equipment was damaged. The floods also damaged agriculture and fishing industries, with thousands of shrimp killed.<ref name="eval">{{cite report|url=http://www.proteccioncivil.gob.mx/work/models/ProteccionCivil/Resource/375/1/images/no_3.pdf|date=November 2002|publisher=[[CENAPRED]]|accessdate=June 24, 2024|title=Impacto Socioeconómico de los Principales Desastres Ocurridos en la Repúbkuca Mexicana en el Año 2001|author1=Daniel Bitrán Bitrán|author2=Lorena Acosta Colsa|author3=Héctor Eslava Morales|author4=Carlos Gutiérrez Martínez|author5=Marco Antonio Salas Salinas|author6=María Teresa Vázquez Conde|isbn=970-628-629-2}}</ref><ref name="TCR"/>
The extreme rainfall led to widespread flooding and mudslides across the state. Along the southern tip of the peninsula, roughly 3,000 people were stranded after their town was isolated by flood waters. About 800 more people had to be evacuated due to the state of their homes.<ref name="RW5">{{cite web|author=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=September 29, 2001|access-date=July 7, 2010|title=Mexico - Hurricane Juliette OCHA Situation Report No. 5|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/OCHA-64CFNB?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=ST-2001-0562-MEX}}</ref> Damage from the floods were widespread in the area, with more than 9,000 people reported damage to their property from the storm. At least two people were killed across the peninsula in storm-related incidents.<ref name="RW6">{{cite web|author=Deutsche Presse Agentur|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=September 29, 2001|access-date=July 7, 2010|title=Hurricane "Juliette" leaves two dead in Mexico's Baja California|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/OCHA-64CSCM?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=ST-2001-0562-MEX}}</ref> Damage from Hurricane Juliette was estimated at $400&nbsp;million (2001&nbsp;USD; ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|400000000|2001|r=2}}}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}&nbsp;USD).{{EM-DAT}}


The extreme rainfall led to widespread flooding across the Baja California peninsula, triggering at least 419&nbsp;landslides.<ref>{{cite report|date=April 2013|title=Occurrence of landslides during the approach of tropical cyclone Juliette (2001) to Baja California Sur, Mexico|language=Spanish|author=J.L. Antinao|author2=L.M. Farfán|journal=Atmósfera|volume=26|number=2|doi=10.1016/S0187-6236(13)71071-3 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0187623613710713|accessdate=June 29, 2024}}</ref> The storm damaged {{convert|2296|km|mi|abbr=on}} of primary and rural roadways across Baja California Sur. In the state, the cost of storm damage as well as disaster mitigation projects was Mex$850.15&nbsp;million (US$91&nbsp;million). This represented 11% of the state's [[gross domestic product]] for the year. At least eight people sustained injuries related to the hurricane, and the fire department responded to 61&nbsp;events, including rescuing six people and two dogs from a flooded stream. Juliette damaged 3,529&nbsp;houses across the state, including 615 that were destroyed. Many of the destroyed homes in Cabo San Lucas were in high-risk areas,<ref name="eval"/> with 800&nbsp;people evacuated from vulnerable houses.<ref name="RW5">{{cite web|publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|at=ReliefWeb|date=September 29, 2001|access-date=June 25, 2024|title=Mexico - Hurricane Juliette OCHA Situation Report No. 5|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/mexico/mexico-hurricane-juliette-ocha-situation-report-no-5}}</ref> The winds tore the roofs off several houses, with one roof flung an estimated {{convert|45|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=Juliette nears Baja peninsula|date=September 28, 2001|url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/alaska/fairbanks/fairbanks-daily-news-miner/2001/09-28/page-18|agency=Associated Press|page=18|newspaper=Fairbanks Daily News-Miner|accessdate=June 28, 2024}}</ref> At the resort hotels in Los Cabos, floodwaters washed sand into pools while the winds damaged windows.<ref>{{cite news|title=Juliette Lingers over Mexico's Baja Peninsula, Losing Power After Causing Floods|publisher=Tulsa News on 6|date=September 29, 2001|accessdate=June 29, 2024|agency=Associated Press|url=https://www.newson6.com/story/5e3681292f69d76f6209564d/juliette-lingers-over-mexicos-baja-peninsula-losing-power-after-causing-floods}}</ref> The storm also knocked down 197&nbsp;power poles or towers, causing disruptions to telephone access. A hospital was damaged in Los Cabos, as well as six businesses involving water recreation. There was also minor crop damage and 2,000&nbsp;cattle killed across the region.<ref name="eval"/> High waves wrecked docks near Los Cabos.<ref>{{cite news|page=12|url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/ohio/elyria/the-chronicle-telegram/2001/09-28/page-12|newspaper=The Chronicle Telegram|title=Hurricane Juliette nears Mexican peninsula|agency=Associated Press|date=September 28, 2001|accessdate=June 28, 2024}}</ref> In Laz Paz, the high winds and heavy rainfall knocked over 23&nbsp;boats in the marina.<ref>{{cite web|date=October 1, 2001|publisher=Latitude 38|url=https://www.latitude38.com/LectronicLat/2001/Oct2001/Oct1/Oct1.html|accessdate=June 29, 2024|title=October 1 - Baja California Sur}}</ref>
⚫
===Southwestern United States===
Late in Juliette's life and in its aftermath, the remnants brought strong thunderstorm activity to the American Southwest, knocking down trees and power lines in southern [[California]]. Rainfall in the [[United States]] peaked at {{convert|.9|in|mm}} in [[Patagonia, Arizona]].{{Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima}}


In [[Oaxaca]] in southeastern Mexico, rains from the hurricane washed away two bridges.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Clovis News Journal|url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/new-mexico/clovis/clovis-news-journal/2001/09-26/page-6|page=6|date=September 26, 2001|accessdate=June 28, 2024|title=Juliette strengthens into major hurricane|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Near Acapulco, the strong winds knocked down trees.<ref name="d20"/><ref name="punch">{{cite news|title=Juliette loses some punch|url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/maryland/frederick/the-frederick-news-post/2001/09-24/page-19|page=19|newspaper=The Frederick News Post|location=Frederick, Maryland|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=June 28, 2024}}</ref> Across [[Guerrero]], heavy rains triggered flash floods that washed out two bridges and destroyed 20 homes.<ref name="RW2">{{cite web|author=Agence France-Presse|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=September 24, 2001|access-date=July 7, 2010|title=Hurricane Juliette leaves one dead, destruction in its wake|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/ACOS-64C2KE?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=ST-2001-0562-MEX}}</ref> Throughout [[Michoacán]], an estimated 1,000 people were left homeless by the hurricane.<ref name="RW4">{{cite web|author=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=September 28, 2001|access-date=June 25, 2024|title=OCHA Situation Report No. 4|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/mexico/mexico-hurricane-juliette-ocha-situation-report-no-4}}</ref> In the Gulf of California, rough waves sank a dive boat with 16&nbsp;people onboard, who survived on a lifeboat and a dinghy &ndash; one group drifted for 100&nbsp;km (60&nbsp;mi) before reaching the Sonoran coast, and the other group was rescued by the [[Mexican Navy]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Dive boat sinks in Gulf of California|agency=Associated Press|url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/new-mexico/roswell/roswell-daily-record/2001/10-02/page-2|date=October 2, 2001|page=2|newspaper=Roswell Daily Record|accessdate=June 29, 2024}}</ref>
⚫
==Aftermath and records==
Following the significant damage across southern states, Mexican authorities and the army deployed transport and rescue aircraft along with medical teams and emergency supplies.<ref name="RW4"/> As reports of damage began to come out of Baja California Sur, the state governor declared the entire area a disaster zone.<ref name="RW5"/>


⚫
===Southwestern United States===
At its peak, Juliette attained a minimum pressure of 923&nbsp;mbar (hPa; 27.26&nbsp;inHg), ranking it as the fifth-strongest [[Pacific hurricane]] on record, along with [[1994 Pacific hurricane season#Hurricane Olivia|Olivia]] in 1994. However, in subsequent years, five other storms have surpassed it and the storm now ranks as the tenth-strongest in the basin. At the time, it held the record for having the lowest barometric pressure of any Category&nbsp;4 hurricane in the region, a record shared with Olivia; it has since been surpassed by [[Hurricane Odile (2014)|Odile]] in [[2014 Pacific hurricane season|2014]] with a minimum pressure of 918&nbsp;mbar (hPa; 27.23&nbsp;inHg) .<ref name="best track">{{cite web|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/tracks1949to2009_epa.html|title=Eastern North Pacific Tracks File 1949–2009|year=2010|publisher=[[National Hurricane Center]]|access-date=July 6, 2010}}</ref>
As Juliette moved into northwestern Mexico, it produced clouds and thunderstorms across the southwestern United States. In California, the thunderstorms produced a dust storm, and a wind gust of {{convert|39|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} recorded at [[Palm Springs International Airport]]. Winds knocked down trees and power lines. Rainfall in the [[United States]] peaked at {{convert|.9|in|mm|order=flip}} in [[Patagonia, Arizona]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=National Centers for Environmental Information |title=Riverside County Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind |url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5269153 |website=Storm Event Database |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=May 22, 2024 |archive-date=May 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522193559/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5269153 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TCR"/>{{Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima}}

⚫
==Aftermath==
Following the significant damage across southern states, Mexico deployed its military to deliver 50&nbsp;tons of food and water to the Los Cabos region.<ref>{{cite news|date=October 4, 2001|url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/texas/brownsville/brownsville-herald/2001/10-03/page-24|page=24|newspaper=Brownsville Herald|title=Juliette still hit by Juliette in the north|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> The [[Mexican Army]] sent aircraft and medical teams.<ref name="RW4"/> Three electric restoration workers died when their helicopter crashed.<ref name="la1012">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-oct-12-sp-56367-story.html|date=October 12, 2001|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=June 29, 2024|title=Cabo Recovering From Tempestuous Juliette|author=Pete Thomas}}</ref> As reports of damage began to come out of Baja California Sur, the state governor declared the entire area a disaster zone.<ref name="RW5"/> On October&nbsp;2, all [[Municipalities of Baja California Sur|five municipalities in Baja California]] were declared a state of emergency, which made federal resources available for the region.<ref>{{cite web|title=Declaratoria de Emergencia para efectos de las Reglas de Operación del Fondo de Desastres Naturales (FONDEN), por la presencia del huracán Juliette y sus posibles efectos en los municipios de Los Cabos, La Paz, Comondú, Loreto y Mulegé en el Estado de Baja California Sur|language=Spanish|url=https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=759367&fecha=02/10/2001#gsc.tab=0|publisher=Diario Oficial de la Federación|accessdate=June 26, 2024}}</ref> Due to the road damage, supplies were unable to be driven into Los Cabos, which required food and fuel to be transported there by ship. Businesses closed for over a week.<ref name="eval"/> The damage and disruptions caused a 50% reduction in tourism activity in Los Cabos for about 20&nbsp;days, a lull in travel also partly attributable to the [[September 11 attacks]] in the United States earlier in the month.<ref name="eval"/><ref name="RW6">{{cite news|agency=Deutsche Presse Agentur|at=ReliefWeb|date=September 29, 2001|access-date=June 25, 2024|title=Hurricane "Juliette" leaves two dead in Mexico's Baja California|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/mexico/hurricane-juliette-leaves-two-dead-mexicos-baja-california}}</ref> For several days, banking activity in the resort city was down due to damage to [[fiber optic]] lines. Schools in the state were disrupted for about a week. All roads were reopened within five days of the storm, with full access restored in another ten. Within 16&nbsp;days of the storm's landfall, all rural areas had power restored.<Ref name="eval"/> Two restaurants severely damaged by Juliette reopened within a few weeks.<ref name="la1012"/> In Sinaloa, hundreds of workers removed debris from roads. The Sonoran government estimated the cost of rebuilding and rehousing people at Mex$180.5&nbsp;million (US$19.36&nbsp;million). The damaged schools disrupted classes for three weeks, while repairs were made to roofing and fences. Some people remained in shelters for 20&nbsp;days. Officials distributed items such as mattresses, food, and drinks; health workers assisted by assisting building latrines, providing vaccinations, and dispensing medical advice.<ref name="eval"/>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
⚫
{{Commons category}}
* [[Hurricane Juliette|Other storms named Juliette]]
* [[Hurricane Juliette|Other storms named Juliette]]
* [[List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes]]
* [[List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes]]
Line 70: Line 71:
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
⚫
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2001juliette.html NHC Report]
* [http://www.weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/2001/JULIETTE/track.dat Juliette Best Track]
* [http://www.visitcabo.com/press/stormupdate.shtm Juliette effects in Cabo San Lucas]
* [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/juliette2001.html HPC rainfall report for Juliette]
* [http://www.latitude38.com/LectronicLat/2001/Oct2001/Oct1/Oct1.html Boating Effects]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183719/http://wwwnotes.reliefweb.int/w/RWB.NSF/480fa8736b88bbc3c12564f6004c8ad5/22cfe459ef79bd9fc1256ad30031e0a1?OpenDocument Early Effects]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194847/http://wwwnotes.reliefweb.int/w/RWB.NSF/480fa8736b88bbc3c12564f6004c8ad5/4f4aa3f4f0b35cd885256ad50059f86f?OpenDocument Michoacán Effects]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927191242/http://wwwnotes.reliefweb.int/w/RWB.NSF/480fa8736b88bbc3c12564f6004c8ad5/baa165a9b3bf359685256ad6006f7bd4?OpenDocument After Effects]


{{Category 4 Pacific hurricanes}}
{{Category 4 Pacific hurricanes}}

Revision as of 01:45, 9 July 2024

Hurricane Juliette
Juliette at peak intensity off the Mexican coast on September 25
Meteorological history
FormedSeptember 21, 2001
DissipatedOctober 3, 2001
Category 4 major hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds145 mph (230 km/h)
Lowest pressure923 mbar (hPa); 27.26 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities13 total
Damage$400 million (2001 USD)
Areas affectedBaja California Peninsula, Western Mexico, Southern California, Arizona
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2001 Pacific hurricane season

Hurricane Juliette was a powerful Pacific hurricane that struck Mexico in September 2001. A long-lived tropical cyclone, Juliette originated from a tropical wave that exited western Africa, the same wave that earlier spawned Atlantic Tropical Depression Nine near Nicaragua on September 19. Two days later, a new tropical depression developed offshore Guatemala, which became Hurricane Juliette by September 22 as it rapidly intensified off western Mexico. On September 24 it strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale, only to weaken due to an eyewall replacement cycle, then re-intensified a day later to attain maximum sustained winds of 230 km/h (145 mph), with a minimum barometric pressure of 923 mbar (27.3 inHg). Juliette weakened as it moved toward the Baja California peninsula, producing hurricane-force winds and torrential rainfall across Baja California Sur. On September 30 after the hurricane had weakened, Juliette made landfall near San Carlos as a minimal chia. After drifting across the Gulf of California, Juliette dissipated on October 3.

During its path across the Pacific, Juliette affected much of the Pacific coast of Mexico, killing 13 people from Chiapas to the Baja California peninsula. The strongest winds and heaviest rainfall occurred in Baja California Sur, with wind gusts of 174 km/h (108 mph), and a precipitation total of 1,011 mm (39.80 in) recorded at Santiago. Damage in the country reached over Mex$1.755 billion (US$188 million), of which the worst effects were in the state of Sonora. There, the rains over three days equaled the average annual precipitation, which resulted in flooding and landslides. The hurricane also killed a sailor off the coast of Acapulco. Thunderstorms extended into the southwestern United States, knocking down power lines near Palm Springs.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on September 11. The wave moved westward across the Atlantic Ocean without development, reaching the Caribbean Sea on September 16. Three days later, the convection expanded and became increasingly organized. At 18:00 UTC on September 19, Tropical Depression Nine developed in the southwestern Caribbean Sea, located about 60 mi (95 km) north-northwest of San Andrés.[1] Upon its formation, the depression already had a circular upper-level outflow, which National Hurricane Center (NHC) forecaster Stacy Stewart described as "impressive... more indicative of a mature tropical cyclone." The NHC anticipated that the westward track would continue, ultimately resulting in a significant tropical cyclone in the eastern Pacific Ocean.[2] The depression moved ashore northeastern Nicaragua early on September 20 near Puerto Cabezas, and soon after, the surface circulation dissipated over the mountains of Central America.[1]

The remnants of the depression continued westward into the eastern Pacific Ocean, which quickly reorganized. At 06:00 UTC on September 21, a small tropical depression developed about 165 km (105 mi) south of Guatemala. A ridge steered the system west-northwestward, parallel to the coast about 185 to 370 km (115 to 230 mi) offshore. Despite the proximity to land, the small system quickly intensified due to warm water temperatures and light wind shear. At 18:00 UTC on September 21, the NHC initiated advisories on the system, naming it Tropical Storm Juliette, based on observations from the Hurricane Hunters.[3][4] With the favorable environmental conditions, tropical cyclone forecast models anticipated that the storm would intensify within the next two days.[5] Although the thunderstorms temporarily decreased near its center, Juliette developed good outflow by September 22, a sign of a maturing tropical cyclone.[6] Early the next day, a central dense overcast developed over the circulation as the structure became more symmetrical.[7] Later that day, an eye developed in the center of the convection, and by 12:00 UTC, Juliette attained hurricane status, with maximum sustained winds reaching 120 km/h (75 mph).[8][3]

Upon becoming a hurricane, Juliette was undergoing rapid intensification. Late on September 23, the hurricane developed a pinhole eye, which was embedded within the central dense overcast, and surrounded by rainbands.[3][9] Early on September 24, Juliette executed several small cyclonic loops. NHC forecaster Stacy Stewart noted that "this type of erratic motion is not unusual for tropical cyclones that undergo rapid deepening." At 06:00 UTC on September 24, the hurricane attained an initial peak intensity of 215 km/h (130 mph), making Juliette a Category 4 on the Saffir-Simpson scale. It had strengthened by 110 km/h (70 mph) over 24 hours. The tropical cyclone forecast models anticipated further strengthening, possibly to Category 5 intensity.[10][3] However, the hurricane underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, in which the small inner eye dissipated, causing the winds to drop to 175 km/h (110 mph) by late September 24.[3] By early the next day, a well-defined 19 km (11 mi) eye had redeveloped in the center of the convection, signaling that Juliette was restrengthening.[11] The Hurricane Hunters observed a minimum pressure of 923 mbar (27.3 inHg) on September 25, which at the time was the second-lowest pressure ever recorded in the eastern Pacific Ocean, after Hurricane Ava in 1973. Observations also indicated sustained winds of at least 218 km/h (136 mph), although satellite-estimated winds were as high as 260 km/h (160 mph). The NHC assessed that Juliette attained peak winds of 230 km/h (145 mph).[3][12]

Hurricane Juliette with three simultaneous eyewalls on September 26

Shortly after its peak, Juliette's path turned more to the northwest toward the Baja California peninsula, drawn northward by an eastward-moving trough off the west coast of the United States. Also around that time, the hurricane underwent another eyewall replacement cycle.[3][13] Early on September 27, the Hurricane Hunters observed three concentric eyewalls, which forecaster Jack Beven described as "a rather uncommon occurrence." By that time, Juliette was weakening as its convective organization deteriorated.[14][3] Early on September 28, the hurricane passed about 110 km (70 mi) west of Cabo San Lucas along the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula. Around that time, Juliette had sustained winds of 130 km/h (80 mph), with diminished thunderstorms near the center.[15][3][16] The combination of land interaction and cooler temperatures caused the hurricane to weaken further, and Juliette briefly dropped to tropical storm status late on September 28. Its motion also slowed, as the trough to the north had weakened.[3][17] The thunderstorms redeveloped over the center early on September 29, and Juliette re-intensified to hurricane status for about 12 hours, only to weaken again due to land interaction.[18][19] By late on September 29, the circulation was exposed from the convection, although rainbands extended far from the center into the southwestern United States.[20] At around 00:00 UTC on September 30, Juliette made landfall near San Carlos, Baja California Sur, with winds of about 65 km/h (40 mph).[3]

Soon after moving over land, Juliette weakened into a tropical depression and became disorganized, as stronger wind shear stripped the thunderstorms from the circulation. It quickly crossed the Baja California peninsula and emerged into the Gulf of California, although the NHC noted the possibility that the original circulation dissipated over land and a new one formed over water. A building ridge turned the circulation northwestward as thunderstorms redeveloped.[3][21][22] The NHC discontinued advisories on October 1 while Juliette was near Tiburón Island, assessing that the depression moved inland. Instead, the circulation continued to the northwest over water, and the NHC resumed advisories on October 2, after Juliette generated enough thunderstorms to be re-designated a tropical depression. Moving westward, the circulation dissipated on October 3 in the northern Gulf of California, just offshore Puertecitos.[3][23][24]

Preparations

Upon Juliette's designation as a tropical cyclone on September 21, the government of Mexico began issuing various tropical cyclone warnings and watches for southern portions of the country, as far as east as Salina Cruz, Oaxaca. Although these initial warnings were dropped on September 22, additional tropical storm warnings were issued a day later for southwestern Mexico. The government of Mexico issued tropical storm warnings for the southern Baja California peninsula on September 26, two days before Juliette's closest approach to the region. A day later, the government of Mexico issued hurricane warnings between Cabo San Lázaro along the west coast of the peninsula to El Burro along the east coast. In addition, tropical storm warnings were posted for the eastern coastline of the Gulf of California from Mazatlán to Yavaros. The watches and warnings were canceled as Juliette weakened.[3]

In southern Mexico, the threat of Juliette prompted ports to close in Acapulco and Zihuatanejo.[25] During the storm passage, all airports in Baja California were closed. About 6,000 people made use of 45 shelters. Throughout Sonora, officials set up 169 shelters, which were ultimately used by 16,365 people.[26]

Impact

Storm total rainfall for Juliette

When the depression struck Nicaragua, Puerto Cabezas recorded sustained winds of 48 km/h (30 mph).[1]

Mexico

A large cyclone, Juliette affected much of the Pacific coast of Mexico with clouds, rainfall, and high waves, particularly the states of Baja California Sur and Sonora.[27] A weather station in Cabo San Lucas recorded sustained winds of 141 km/h (87 mph), with gusts to 174 km/h (108 mph).[3] In Hermosillo, wind gusts reached 167 km/h (104 mph).[28] Earlier while Juliette was near its peak intensity, it produced gusts of 74 km/h (46 mph) in Manzanillo.[13] The heaviest rainfall occurred along the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula, with a maximum precipitation total of 1,011 mm (39.80 in) recorded at Santiago. This was among the wettest known tropical cyclones in northwestern Mexico. In neighboring Baja California, Juliette produced a rainfall total of 261 mm (10.28 in). Also in the state, the highest 24 hour rainfall total in the country was 207.2 mm (8.16 in) in San Felipe. Across the Gulf of California, parts of Sonora experienced significant rainfall, the equivalent of a year's worth of precipitation over three days. A station along the Mayo River recorded 380 mm (15 in).[3][27][29][30][26]

Throughout Mexico, Juliette killed at least 13 people. Deadly rains occurred as far east as Chiapas where three people died – two due to river floods entering homes, and the other due to a mudslide. A fisherman near Acapulco drowned amid high seas. There were also two deaths in Baja California Sur, one related to an American surfer. There were another seven fatalities in Sonora.[31] [3][26][32] Between Baja California Sur and Sonora, Juliette damaged 18,873 houses and 273 schools. The combined damage total between the two states was Mex$1.755 billion (US$188 million).[26] Damage across all of Mexico was estimated at US$400 million.[33]

The heaviest damage was in Sonora, where the rains led to flash flooding along several river valleys, including the Mayo, Yaqui, San Marcial, and Sonora rivers. The floodwater exceeded the capacity of water systems, causing landslides and road damage, including along Mexican Federal Highway 15. Floodwaters temporarily isolated the city of Empalme, affecting 300 families. In Ciudad Obregón and Huatabampo, the floods damaged the roofs of the main hospitals. Statewide, the storm destroyed 4,325 houses and forced 38,000 people from their homes, with the most significant housing damage in Cajeme, Etchojoa, Guaymas, and Huatabampo. Access to water wells was disrupted when electrical equipment was damaged. The floods also damaged agriculture and fishing industries, with thousands of shrimp killed.[26][3]

The extreme rainfall led to widespread flooding across the Baja California peninsula, triggering at least 419 landslides.[34] The storm damaged 2,296 km (1,427 mi) of primary and rural roadways across Baja California Sur. In the state, the cost of storm damage as well as disaster mitigation projects was Mex$850.15 million (US$91 million). This represented 11% of the state's gross domestic product for the year. At least eight people sustained injuries related to the hurricane, and the fire department responded to 61 events, including rescuing six people and two dogs from a flooded stream. Juliette damaged 3,529 houses across the state, including 615 that were destroyed. Many of the destroyed homes in Cabo San Lucas were in high-risk areas,[26] with 800 people evacuated from vulnerable houses.[35] The winds tore the roofs off several houses, with one roof flung an estimated 14 m (45 ft).[36] At the resort hotels in Los Cabos, floodwaters washed sand into pools while the winds damaged windows.[37] The storm also knocked down 197 power poles or towers, causing disruptions to telephone access. A hospital was damaged in Los Cabos, as well as six businesses involving water recreation. There was also minor crop damage and 2,000 cattle killed across the region.[26] High waves wrecked docks near Los Cabos.[38] In Laz Paz, the high winds and heavy rainfall knocked over 23 boats in the marina.[39]

In Oaxaca in southeastern Mexico, rains from the hurricane washed away two bridges.[40] Near Acapulco, the strong winds knocked down trees.[13][25] Across Guerrero, heavy rains triggered flash floods that washed out two bridges and destroyed 20 homes.[41] Throughout Michoacán, an estimated 1,000 people were left homeless by the hurricane.[42] In the Gulf of California, rough waves sank a dive boat with 16 people onboard, who survived on a lifeboat and a dinghy – one group drifted for 100 km (60 mi) before reaching the Sonoran coast, and the other group was rescued by the Mexican Navy.[43]

Southwestern United States

As Juliette moved into northwestern Mexico, it produced clouds and thunderstorms across the southwestern United States. In California, the thunderstorms produced a dust storm, and a wind gust of 39 mph (63 km/h) recorded at Palm Springs International Airport. Winds knocked down trees and power lines. Rainfall in the United States peaked at 23 millimetres (.9 in) in Patagonia, Arizona.[44][3][45]

Aftermath

Following the significant damage across southern states, Mexico deployed its military to deliver 50 tons of food and water to the Los Cabos region.[46] The Mexican Army sent aircraft and medical teams.[42] Three electric restoration workers died when their helicopter crashed.[47] As reports of damage began to come out of Baja California Sur, the state governor declared the entire area a disaster zone.[35] On October 2, all five municipalities in Baja California were declared a state of emergency, which made federal resources available for the region.[48] Due to the road damage, supplies were unable to be driven into Los Cabos, which required food and fuel to be transported there by ship. Businesses closed for over a week.[26] The damage and disruptions caused a 50% reduction in tourism activity in Los Cabos for about 20 days, a lull in travel also partly attributable to the September 11 attacks in the United States earlier in the month.[26][49] For several days, banking activity in the resort city was down due to damage to fiber optic lines. Schools in the state were disrupted for about a week. All roads were reopened within five days of the storm, with full access restored in another ten. Within 16 days of the storm's landfall, all rural areas had power restored.[26] Two restaurants severely damaged by Juliette reopened within a few weeks.[47] In Sinaloa, hundreds of workers removed debris from roads. The Sonoran government estimated the cost of rebuilding and rehousing people at Mex$180.5 million (US$19.36 million). The damaged schools disrupted classes for three weeks, while repairs were made to roofing and fences. Some people remained in shelters for 20 days. Officials distributed items such as mattresses, food, and drinks; health workers assisted by assisting building latrines, providing vaccinations, and dispensing medical advice.[26]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Juliette (2001).

References

  1. ^ a b c Jack Beven (October 24, 2001). Tropical Depression Nine Tropical Cyclone Abbreviated Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  2. ^ Stacy Stewart (September 19, 2001). "Tropical Depression Nine Discussion 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Lawrence, Miles B.; Mainelli, Michelle M. (November 30, 2001). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Juliette (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
  4. ^ Franklin, James (September 21, 2001). "Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  5. ^ Lixion Avila (September 22, 2001). "Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 3". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  6. ^ Stacy Stewart (September 22, 2001). "Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 4". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  7. ^ Stacy Stewart (September 23, 2001). "Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 7". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  8. ^ Stacy Stewart (September 23, 2001). "Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 8". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  9. ^ Lixion Avila (September 23, 2001). "Hurricane Juliette Discussion 10". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  10. ^ Stacy Stewart (September 24, 2001). "Hurricane Juliette Discussion 11". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  11. ^ Stacy Stewart (September 25, 2001). "Hurricane Juliette Discussion 16". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  12. ^ Richard Pasch (September 25, 2001). "Hurricane Juliette Discussion 19". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  13. ^ a b c Jack Beven (September 26, 2001). "Hurricane Juliette Discussion 20". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  14. ^ Jack Beven (September 27, 2001). "Hurricane Juliette Discussion 24". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  15. ^ James Franklin (September 28, 2001). "Hurricane Juliette Intermediate Advisory Number 28A". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  16. ^ Jack Beven (September 28, 2001). "Hurricane Juliette Discussion 28". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  17. ^ Lixion Avila (September 28, 2001). "Hurricane Juliette Discussion 30". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  18. ^ Jack Beven (September 29, 2001). "Hurricane Juliette Discussion 32". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  19. ^ Lixion Avila (September 29, 2001). "Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 34". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  20. ^ Lixion Avila (September 29, 2001). "Tropical Storm Juliette Discussion 35". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  21. ^ Jack Beven (September 30, 2001). "Tropical Depression Juliette Discussion 36". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  22. ^ Robert Pasch; Ed Rappaport (September 30, 2001). "Tropical Depression Juliette Discussion 39". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  23. ^ Stacy Stewart (October 1, 2001). "Tropical Depression Juliette Discussion 40". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  24. ^ Stacy Stewart (October 1, 2001). "Tropical Depression Juliette Advisory Number 40". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  25. ^ a b "Juliette loses some punch". The Frederick News Post. Frederick, Maryland. Associated Press. p. 19. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Daniel Bitrán Bitrán; Lorena Acosta Colsa; Héctor Eslava Morales; Carlos Gutiérrez Martínez; Marco Antonio Salas Salinas; María Teresa Vázquez Conde (November 2002). Impacto Socioeconómico de los Principales Desastres Ocurridos en la Repúbkuca Mexicana en el Año 2001 (PDF) (Report). CENAPRED. ISBN 970-628-629-2. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
  27. ^ a b Huracán Juliette (PDF) (Report) (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
  28. ^ "Sonora Resumen" (PDF) (in Spanish). Red Mesoamericana para la Gestión Integral de Riesgos. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  29. ^ David Roth (May 12, 2022). "Hurricane Juliette - September 25-October 3, 2001". Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
  30. ^ "Maximum Rainfall Caused by Tropical Cyclones and their remnants per Mexican state (1981-2010)". Weather Prediction Center. May 12, 2022. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
  31. ^ "Mexico's deadly hurricane eases". BBC News. September 28, 2001. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  32. ^ "Hurricane Juliette batters Baja California". The Guardian. September 29, 2001. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  33. ^ Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. "EM-DAT: The Emergency Events Database". Université catholique de Louvain.
  34. ^ J.L. Antinao; L.M. Farfán (April 2013). Occurrence of landslides during the approach of tropical cyclone Juliette (2001) to Baja California Sur, Mexico. Atmósfera (Report) (in Spanish). Vol. 26. doi:10.1016/S0187-6236(13)71071-3. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  35. ^ a b "Mexico - Hurricane Juliette OCHA Situation Report No. 5". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. September 29, 2001. ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  36. ^ "Juliette nears Baja peninsula". Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. Associated Press. September 28, 2001. p. 18. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  37. ^ "Juliette Lingers over Mexico's Baja Peninsula, Losing Power After Causing Floods". Tulsa News on 6. Associated Press. September 29, 2001. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  38. ^ "Hurricane Juliette nears Mexican peninsula". The Chronicle Telegram. Associated Press. September 28, 2001. p. 12. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  39. ^ "October 1 - Baja California Sur". Latitude 38. October 1, 2001. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  40. ^ "Juliette strengthens into major hurricane". Clovis News Journal. Associated Press. September 26, 2001. p. 6. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  41. ^ Agence France-Presse (September 24, 2001). "Hurricane Juliette leaves one dead, destruction in its wake". ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 7, 2010.
  42. ^ a b United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (September 28, 2001). "OCHA Situation Report No. 4". ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  43. ^ "Dive boat sinks in Gulf of California". Roswell Daily Record. Associated Press. October 2, 2001. p. 2. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  44. ^ National Centers for Environmental Information. "Riverside County Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind". Storm Event Database. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved May 22, 2024.
  45. ^ Roth, David M. (January 3, 2023). "Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Data. United States Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved January 6, 2023. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  46. ^ "Juliette still hit by Juliette in the north". Brownsville Herald. Associated Press. October 4, 2001. p. 24.
  47. ^ a b Pete Thomas (October 12, 2001). "Cabo Recovering From Tempestuous Juliette". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  48. ^ "Declaratoria de Emergencia para efectos de las Reglas de Operación del Fondo de Desastres Naturales (FONDEN), por la presencia del huracán Juliette y sus posibles efectos en los municipios de Los Cabos, La Paz, Comondú, Loreto y Mulegé en el Estado de Baja California Sur" (in Spanish). Diario Oficial de la Federación. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
  49. ^ "Hurricane "Juliette" leaves two dead in Mexico's Baja California". Deutsche Presse Agentur. September 29, 2001. ReliefWeb. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
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