Zayyanid dynasty: Difference between revisions

Zayyanid dynasty
Zayyanid dynasty
Current region	Maghreb; North Western Algeria
Gegründet	1235
Gründer	Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan
Final ruler	Hassan I
Titles	Sultan of Tlemcen
Dissolution	1557
Deposition	1557

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit Next edit →

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Revision as of 01:52, 9 July 2024

The Zayyanid dynasty (Arabic: زيانيون, Ziyānyūn) or Abd al-Wadids (Arabic: بنو عبد الواد, Bānu ʿabd āl-Wād) was a Berber Zenata^[1]^[2]^[3] dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Tlemcen, mainly in modern Algeria centered on the town of Tlemcen in northwest Algeria. The Zayyanid dynasty's rule lasted from 1235 to 1557.^[4]

History

On the collapse of the Almohad Caliphate's rule around 1236,^[5] the Kingdom of Tlemcen became independent under the rule of the Zayyanids, and Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan.^[5]^[6] Ibn Zyan was able to maintain control over the rival Berber groups, and when faced with the outside threat of the Marinids, he formed an alliance with the Sultan of Granada and the King of Castile, Alfonso X.^[5]

After an eight-year siege of Tlemcen by the Marinids that ended in 1307, the reigns of Abu Hammu I (r. 1308–1318) and Abu Tashufin I (r. 1318–1337) marked a second political apogee of the Zayyanids with a consolidated hold over the central Maghreb.^[7] This period of strength was followed by a Marinid occupation of Tlemcen between 1337 and 1359 (with an interruption from 1348 to 1352).^[7] There were occasional Marinid attempts to retake Tlemcen up to 1370,^[7]^[8] but they found that they were unable to hold the region against local resistance.^[9] Under the long reign of Abu Hammu II (r. 1359–1389), the Zayyanid state enjoyed a third period of political strength.^[7]

In the 15th century, Zayyanid expansion eastward was attempted, but proved disastrous, as consequences of these incursions they were so weakened that over the following two centuries, the Zayyanid kingdom was intermittently a vassal of Hafsid Ifriqiya, Marinid Morocco, or Aragon.^[9] During the first half of the 16th century, Spain and the Ottoman Regency of Algiers fought over control of Tlemcen, with the Zayyanid sultans often installed as puppets of one side or the other.^[10] By 1551, the Ottomans had occupied Tlemcen and the last Zayyanid ruler, Hasan al-Abdallah, fled to Oran under Spanish protection and died a few years later, thus ending Zayyanid rule.^[10]

List of rulers

Dates and most alternate names taken from John Stewart's African States and Rulers (1989).^[11]

No.	Name	Alternate Name	Reign Begin	Reign End	Notes
1	Yghomracen Ibn Zyan	Abu Yahya I bin Zayyan	1236	March 1283	Gründer
2	Abu Said Uthman I	Othmane Ibn Yaghmoracen	March 1283	6 June 1304	Son of Abu Yahya I
3	Abu Zayyan I	Abu Zayyar I Muhammad	6 June 1304	14 April 1308	Son of Abu Said Uthman I
4	Abu Hammu I	Abu Hamma I Musa	14 April 1308	22 July 1318	Brother of Abu Zayyan I Assassinated by his son Abu Tashufin I
5	Abu Tashufin I	Abu Tashufin I Abdal Rahman	22 July 1318	May 1336	Son of Abu Hammu I
First Marinid conquest (1337–1348) (Marinid ruler was Abu al-Hasan Ali)
6	Abu Said Uthman II	Abu Sa'id Uthman II Abdal Rahman	1348	1352	Son of Abu Tashufin I Co-ruler with Abu Thabid I
7	Abu Thabid I	Abu Thabit	1348	1352	Son of Abu Tashufin I Co-ruler with Abu Said Uthman II
Second Marinid conquest (1352–1359) (Marinid ruler was Abu Inan)
8	Abu Hammu II Musa	Abu Hammu II ibn Abi Yaqub	February 1359	20 May 1360	First Reign Brother of Abu Said Uthman II
9	Abu Zayyan II	Abu Zayyan Muhammad II ibn Uthman	20 May 1360	1360	Ruled during times when Abu Hammu II was forced from power
-	Abu Hammu II	-	1360	1370	Second Reign Expedition to Bugia defeated, 1366
-	Abu Zayyan II	-	1370	1372	Second Reign
-	Abu Hammu II	-	1372	1383	Third Reign
-	Abu Zayyan II	-	1383	1384	Third Reign
-	Abu Hammu II	-	1384	1387	Fourth Reign
-	Abu Zayyan II	-	1387	1387	Fourth and final Reign
-	Abu Hammu II	-	1387	1389	Fifth and final Reign
10	Abu Tashufin II	Abu Tashufin II Abdal Rahman	1389	29 May 1393	Son of Abu Hammu I
11	Abu Thabid II	Abu Thabit II Yusuf	29 May 1393	8 July 1393	Son of Abu Tashufin I
12	Abul Hadjdjadj I	Abu Hadjjaj Yusuf	8 July 1393	November 1393	Brother of Abu Thabid II
13	Abu Zayyan II	Abu Zayyan II Muhammad	November 1393	1397	Brother of Abul Hadjdjadj I
14	Abu Muhammad I	Abu Muhammad Abdallah I	1397	1400	Brother of Abu Zayyan II
15	Abu Abdallah I	Abu Abdallah Muhammad I	1400	1411	Brother of Abu Muhammad I
16	Abd al-Rahman I	Abd al-Rahman ibn Musa U	1411	1411	Son of Abu Muhammad I
17	Said I	Abu Sa'id ibn Musa	1411	November 1412	Brother of Abu Muhammad I
18	Abu Malek I	Abu Malek Abd al-Wahid	November 1412	May 1424	First reign Brother of Said I
19	Abu Abdallah II	Abu Abdallah Muhammad II	May 1424	1427	First reign Son of Abd al-Rahman I
Interregnum – Civil War (1427–1429)
-	Abu Malek I	-	1429	1430	Second reign
-	Abu Abdallah II	-	1430	1430	Second reign
20	Abu Abbas Ahmad I	Abu al-Abbas Ahmad I	1430	January 1462	Son of Abu Thabid II
21	Abu Abdallah III	Abu Abdallah Muhammad III	February 1462	1468	Son of Abu Abbas Ahmad I
22	Abu Tashufin III	-	1468	1468	Son of Abu Abdallah III
23	Abu Abdallah IV	Abu Abdallah Muhammad IV	1468	1504	Brother of Abu Tashufin III
24	Abu Abdallah V	Abu Abdallah Muhammad V	1504	1517	Son of Abu Abdallah IV
25	Abu Hammu III	Abu Hammu III Musa	1517	1527	Son of Abu Abbas Ahmad I
26	Abu Muhammad II	Abu Muhammad Abdallah II	1527	January 1541	Brother of Abu Hammu III
27	Abu Zayyan III	Abu Zayyan Ahmad	January 1541	7 March 1543	First Reign Son of Abu Muhammad II
28	Abu Abdallah VI	Abu Abdallah Muhammad VI	7 March 1543	June 1543	Brother of Abu Zayyan III
-	Abu Zayyan III	-	June 1543	1550	Second Reign
29	Al Hassan ibn Abdallah	-	1550	1557	Brother of Abu Zayyan III

References

^ "Algeria – Zayanids". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
^ "Abd al-Wadid Dynasty | Berber dynasty". Retrieved 22 July 2016.
^ Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis (1 January 2010). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195337709.
^ Phillip Chiviges Naylor, North Africa: a history from antiquity to the present, (University of Texas Press, 2009), 98.
^ ^a ^b ^c "'Abd al-Wadid". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. pp. 16. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
^ Delfina S. Ruano (2006), Hafsids, in Josef W Meri (ed.), Medieval Islamic Civilization: an Encyclopedia. Routledge., p. 309.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Messier, Ronald A. (2009). "ʿAbd al- Wādids". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISBN 9789004161658.
^ "Qantara – The Abdelwadids (1236-1554)". Archived from the original on 7 July 2010.
^ ^a ^b I. Hrbek (1997), The disintegration of political unity in the Maghrib, in Joseph Ki-Zerbo & Djibril T Niane (eds.) (1997), General History of Africa, vol. IV: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century (abridged ed.) UNESCO, James Curry Ltd., and Univ. Calif. Press., pp. 34–43.
^ ^a ^b Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 149–157. ISBN 0521337674.
^ Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. pp. 2–3. ISBN 0-89950-390-X.

External links

Britannica.com: The ʿAbd al-Wādid Dynasty
Qantara-med.org: The Abdelwadids (1236–1554) – by Yassir Benhima.

Media related to Zayyanid dynasty at Wikimedia Commons

[1] "Algeria – Zayanids". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 22 July 2016.

[2] "Abd al-Wadid Dynasty | Berber dynasty". Retrieved 22 July 2016.

[3] Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis (1 January 2010). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195337709.

[4] Phillip Chiviges Naylor, North Africa: a history from antiquity to the present, (University of Texas Press, 2009), 98.

[EB-5] "'Abd al-Wadid". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. pp. 16. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.

[6] Delfina S. Ruano (2006), Hafsids, in Josef W Meri (ed.), Medieval Islamic Civilization: an Encyclopedia. Routledge., p. 309.

[:0522-7] Messier, Ronald A. (2009). "ʿAbd al- Wādids". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISBN 9789004161658.

[8] "Qantara – The Abdelwadids (1236-1554)". Archived from the original on 7 July 2010.

[Hrbeck-9] I. Hrbek (1997), The disintegration of political unity in the Maghrib, in Joseph Ki-Zerbo & Djibril T Niane (eds.) (1997), General History of Africa, vol. IV: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century (abridged ed.) UNESCO, James Curry Ltd., and Univ. Calif. Press., pp. 34–43.

[:15-10] Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 149–157. ISBN 0521337674.

[Stewart-11] Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. pp. 2–3. ISBN 0-89950-390-X.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Berber Zenata dynasty that ruled the kingdom of Tlemcen}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2013}}
+{{About|the dynasty that ruled Tlemcen|the history of their state|Kingdom of Tlemcen}}
-{{Infobox royal house
+{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
-| surname          = Zayyanid dynasty
+{{Infobox royal house|surname=Zayyanid dynasty|coat of arms=|region=[[Maghreb]]; North Western [[Algeria]]|parent house=|titles=[[Sultan]] of [[Tlemcen]]|styles=|founder=[[Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan]]|final_ruler=Hassan I|current head=|founding year=1235|dissolution=1557|deposition=1557|cadet branches=}}{{History of Algeria}}
-| coat of arms     =
+The '''Zayyanid dynasty''' ({{lang-ar|زيانيون}}, ''Ziyānyūn'') or '''Abd al-Wadids''' ({{lang-ar|بنو عبد الواد}}, ''Bānu ʿabd āl-Wād'') was a [[Berbers|Berber]] [[Zenata]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/algeria/12.htm|title=Algeria – Zayanids|website=countrystudies.us|access-date=2016-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Abd-al-Wadid-dynasty|title=Abd al-Wadid Dynasty {{!}} Berber dynasty|access-date=2016-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0XNvklcqbwC|title=Encyclopedia of Africa|last1=Appiah|first1=Anthony|last2=Gates|first2=Henry Louis|date=2010-01-01|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195337709|language=en}}</ref> dynasty that ruled the [[Kingdom of Tlemcen]], mainly in modern [[Algeria]] centered on the town of [[Tlemcen]] in northwest Algeria. The Zayyanid dynasty's rule lasted from 1235 to 1557.<ref>Phillip Chiviges Naylor, ''North Africa: a history from antiquity to the present'', (University of Texas Press, 2009), 98.</ref>
-| country          = [[Algeria]]
-| parent house     = {{flagicon image|Flag of the kingdom of tlemcen.svg|size=22px}} [[Kingdom of Tlemcen]]
-| titles           = [[Sultan]] of [[Tlemcen]]
-| styles           =
-| founder          = [[Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan]]
-| final_ruler      = Hassan ibn Abdallah II
-| current head     =
-| founding year    = 1236
-| dissolution = 1556
-| deposition       = 1556
-| cadet branches   =
-}}
-{{History of Algeria}}
-The '''Zayyanid dynasty''' ({{lang-ar|زيانيون}}, ''Ziyānyūn'') or '''Abd al-Wadids''' ({{lang-ar|بنو عبد الواد}}, ''Bānu ʿabd āl-Wād'') was a [[Berbers|Berber]] [[Zenata]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/algeria/12.htm|title=Algeria - Zayanids|website=countrystudies.us|access-date=2016-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Abd-al-Wadid-dynasty|title=Abd al-Wadid Dynasty {{!}} Berber dynasty|access-date=2016-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0XNvklcqbwC|title=Encyclopedia of Africa|last1=Appiah|first1=Anthony|last2=Gates|first2=Henry Louis|date=2010-01-01|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195337709|language=en}}</ref> [[dynasty]] that ruled the [[Kingdom of Tlemcen]], an area of northwestern [[Algeria]], centered on [[Tlemcen]]. The territory stretched from Tlemcen to the [[Chelif River|Chelif bend]] and [[Algiers]]. At its zenith, the kingdom included all of Morocco as its vassal to the west and in the east reached as far as Tunis which they captured during the reign of Abu Tashfin.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=o3SRAAAAIAAJ&dq=prit+tunis+1325 Les états de l'Occident musulman aux XIIIe, XIVe et XVe siècles: institutions gouvernementales et administratives]
-Atallah Dhina
-Office des Publications Universitaires,</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qpdyAAAAMAAJ&dq=tashfin+1325 Histoire générale de la Tunisie, Volume 2]
-Hédi Slim, Ammar Mahjoubi, Khaled Belkhodja, Hichem Djaït, Abdelmajid Ennabli
-Sud éditions,</ref><ref name=Constantine2>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1CIaAQAAIAAJ&dq=Wattâside+vassal+d%27tlemcen&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=vassal+tlemcen Recueil des Notices et Memoires], Volumes 52-53
-Société archéologique du département de Constantine
-</ref><ref name=Constantine>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1CIaAQAAIAAJ&dq=l%27émir+fez+précipite Recueil des Notices et Memoires], Volumes 52-53
-Société archéologique du département de Constantine</ref><ref name=Cour>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oD9FAAAAYAAJ&q=Wattâside+vassal+d%27tlemcen&dq=Wattâside+vassal+d%27tlemcen&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiKvMH99sTzAhV7QEEAHVPKBWIQ6AF6BAgHEAM La dynastie marocaine des Beni Wattâs] (1420-1544)
-Auguste Cour
-P. Geuthner</ref><ref name=Arnolet>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q6AwAQAAMAAJ&dq=Wattâside+vassal+d%27tlemcen&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=vassal+d%27tlemcen Recueil des notices et mémoires de la Société archéologique du département de Constantine]
-L. Arnolet,</ref><ref>[http://www.qantara-med.org/qantara4/public/show_document.php?do_id=603&lang=en The Abdelwadids (1236–1554)], on qantara-med.org</ref><ref name="Simon 175">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V31-r9820IQC&pg=PA175|title=L'Algérie au passé lointain: de Carthage à la régence d'Alger|first=Jacques|last=Simon|date=1 August 2017|publisher=Harmattan|isbn=9782296139640|via=Google Books}}</ref> The Zayyanid dynasty's rule lasted from 1235 to 1556.<ref>Phillip Chiviges Naylor, ''North Africa: a history from antiquity to the present'', (University of Texas Press, 2009), 98.</ref>
 ==History==
 {{main|Kingdom of Tlemcen}}
-On the collapse of the [[Almohad Caliphate]]'s rule around 1236,<ref name= EB>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|title='Abd al-Wadid|edition=15th|year=2010|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|volume=I: A-Ak - Bayes|location=Chicago, Illinois|isbn=978-1-59339-837-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/16 16]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/16}}</ref> the kingdom of Tlemcen became independent under the rule of the Zayyanids, and [[Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan]].<ref name=EB/><ref>Delfina S. Ruano (2006), ''Hafsids'', in Josef W Meri (ed.), ''Medieval Islamic Civilization: an Encyclopedia''. Routledge., p. 309.</ref> Ibn Zyan was able to maintain control over the rival [[Berber people|Berber]] groups, and when faced with the outside threat of the [[Marinid]]s, he formed an alliance with the [[Sultan of Granada]] and the [[King of Castile]], [[Alfonso X]].<ref name=EB/>
+On the collapse of the [[Almohad Caliphate]]'s rule around 1236,<ref name= EB>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|title='Abd al-Wadid|edition=15th|year=2010|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|volume=I: A-Ak – Bayes|location=Chicago, Illinois|isbn=978-1-59339-837-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/16 16]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/16}}</ref> the [[Kingdom of Tlemcen]] became independent under the rule of the Zayyanids, and [[Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan]].<ref name=EB/><ref>Delfina S. Ruano (2006), ''Hafsids'', in Josef W Meri (ed.), ''Medieval Islamic Civilization: an Encyclopedia''. Routledge., p. 309.</ref> Ibn Zyan was able to maintain control over the rival [[Berber people|Berber]] groups, and when faced with the outside threat of the [[Marinid]]s, he formed an alliance with the [[Sultan of Granada]] and the [[King of Castile]], [[Alfonso X]].<ref name=EB/>
-After ibn Zyan's death, the Marinid sultan besieged [[Tlemcen]] for eight years and finally captured it in 1337–48, with [[Abu al-Hasan 'Ali]] as the new ruler. After a period of self-rule, it was governed again by the Marinid dynasty from 1352–59 under [[Abu Inan Faris]].<ref name=EB/> The Marinids reoccupied it periodically, particularly in 1360 and 1370.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qantara-med.org/qantara4/public/show_document.php?do_id=603&lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707094203/http://www.qantara-med.org/qantara4/public/show_document.php?do_id=603&lang=en |archive-date=7 July 2010 |title=Qantara - The Abdelwadids (1236-1554)}}</ref> In both cases, the Marinids found that they were unable to hold the region against local resistance.<ref name="Hrbeck">I. Hrbek (1997), The disintegration of political unity in the Maghrib, in Joseph Ki-Zerbo & Djibril T Niane (eds.) (1997), General History of Africa, vol. IV: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century (abridged ed.) UNESCO, James Curry Ltd., and Univ. Calif. Press., pp. 34–43.</ref> but these episodes appear to have marked the beginning of the end of the Zayyanid dynasty.
+After an [[Siege of Tlemcen (1299–1307)|eight-year siege of Tlemcen]] by the Marinids that ended in 1307, the reigns of [[Abu Hammu I]] (r. 1308–1318) and [[Abu Tashufin I]] (r. 1318–1337) marked a second political apogee of the Zayyanids with a consolidated hold over the central Maghreb.<ref name=":0522">{{Cite book |last=Messier |first=Ronald A. |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three |publisher=Brill |year=2009 |isbn=9789004161658 |editor-last=Fleet |editor-first=Kate |location= |pages= |language=en |chapter=ʿAbd al- Wādids |editor-last2=Krämer |editor-first2=Gudrun |editor-last3=Matringe |editor-first3=Denis |editor-last4=Nawas |editor-first4=John |editor-last5=Rowson |editor-first5=Everett}}</ref> This period of strength was followed by a Marinid [[Siege of Tlemcen (1335–1337)|occupation of Tlemcen]] between 1337 and 1359 (with an interruption from 1348 to 1352).<ref name=":0522" /> There were occasional Marinid attempts to retake Tlemcen up to 1370,<ref name=":0522" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Qantara – The Abdelwadids (1236-1554) |url=http://www.qantara-med.org/qantara4/public/show_document.php?do_id=603&lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707094203/http://www.qantara-med.org/qantara4/public/show_document.php?do_id=603&lang=en |archive-date=7 July 2010}}</ref> but they found that they were unable to hold the region against local resistance.<ref name="Hrbeck">I. Hrbek (1997), The disintegration of political unity in the Maghrib, in Joseph Ki-Zerbo & Djibril T Niane (eds.) (1997), General History of Africa, vol. IV: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century (abridged ed.) UNESCO, James Curry Ltd., and Univ. Calif. Press., pp. 34–43.</ref> Under the long reign of [[Abu Hammu II]] (r. 1359–1389), the Zayyanid state enjoyed a third period of political strength.<ref name=":0522" />
-During the rule of Abu Malek the Zayyanids [[Zayyanid Capture of Fez|captured Fez]] and then all of Morocco and installed a ruler as a vassal of Tlemcen, thereby making Morocco a Zayyanid vassal. In the 15th century, expansion eastward was attempted, but proved disastrous, as consequences of these incursions they were so weakened that over the following two centuries, the Zayyanid kingdom was intermittently a vassal of [[Hafsid dynasty|Hafsid]] [[Ifriqiya]], Marinid [[Morocco]], or [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]].<ref name="Hrbeck" /> When the Spanish took the city of [[Oran]] from the kingdom in 1509, continuous pressure from the Berbers prompted the Spanish to attempt a counterattack against the city of Tlemcen (1543), which was deemed by the [[Papacy]] to be a crusade. The Spanish failed to take the city in the first attack, although the strategic vulnerability of Tlemcen caused the kingdom's weight to shift toward the safer and more heavily fortified corsair base at [[Algiers]].
+In the 15th century, Zayyanid expansion eastward was attempted, but proved disastrous, as consequences of these incursions they were so weakened that over the following two centuries, the Zayyanid kingdom was intermittently a vassal of [[Hafsid dynasty|Hafsid]] [[Ifriqiya]], Marinid [[Morocco]], or [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]].<ref name="Hrbeck" /> During the first half of the 16th century, [[Spanish Empire|Spain]] and the [[Regency of Algiers|Ottoman Regency of Algiers]] fought over control of Tlemcen, with the Zayyanid sultans often installed as puppets of one side or the other.<ref name=":15">{{Cite book |last=Abun-Nasr |first=Jamil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jdlKbZ46YYkC |title=A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1987 |isbn=0521337674 |location=Cambridge |pages=149–157 |language=en}}</ref> By 1551, the Ottomans had occupied Tlemcen and the last Zayyanid ruler, Hasan al-Abdallah, fled to [[Oran]] under Spanish protection and died a few years later, thus ending Zayyanid rule.<ref name=":15" />
-In 1554, the [[Kingdom of Tlemcen]] became a [[protectorate]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]], which later deposed the Zayyanid dynasty and annexed the country to the [[Regency of Algiers]].
-{{Citation needed span|text=The failure of this kingdom from ever being a formidable foe can be linked to a number of reasons. First, they had no geographical or cultural unity. They also constantly faced internal issues, and they did not have fixed frontiers, and finally most important was the fact that they depended on Arab nomads for their military.|date=October 2021}}<ref name=EB/>{{Failed verification|date=October 2021}}
 ==List of rulers==
@@ Line 89: / Line 62: @@
 |-
 |6
-|[[Abu Said Uthman II]]
+|Abu Said Uthman II
 |Abu Sa'id Uthman II Abdal Rahman
 |1348
@@ Line 126: / Line 99: @@
 |-
 | -
-|Abu Zayan II
+|Abu Zayyan II
 | -
 |1370
@@ Line 140: / Line 113: @@
 |-
 | -
-|Abu Zayan II
+|Abu Zayyan II
 | -
 |1383
@@ Line 154: / Line 127: @@
 |-
 | -
-|Abu Zayan II
+|Abu Zayyan II
 | -
 |1387
@@ Line 329: / Line 302: @@
 | -
 |1550
+|1557
-|1550
 |Brother of Abu Zayyan III
 |}
@@ Line 344: / Line 317: @@
 == External links ==
 *[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/699/Abd-al-Wadid-Dynasty/ Britannica.com: The ʿAbd al-Wādid Dynasty]
-*[http://www.qantara-med.org/qantara4/public/show_document.php?do_id=603&lang=en Qantara-med.org: The Abdelwadids (1236–1554)] — ''by Yassir Benhima''.
+*[http://www.qantara-med.org/qantara4/public/show_document.php?do_id=603&lang=en Qantara-med.org: The Abdelwadids (1236–1554)] – ''by Yassir Benhima''.
 {{commons category-inline|Zayyanid dynasty|position=left}}
@@ Line 353: / Line 326: @@
 [[Category:Zayyanid dynasty| ]]
-[[Category:Medieval Algeria]]
+[[Category:Medieval history of Algeria]]
 [[Category:Countries in medieval Africa]]
 [[Category:Sunni dynasties]]

v t e Historical rulers of Algeria
Zayyanid rulers of the Kingdom of Tlemcen (1235–1556)	Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan Abu Said Uthman I Abu Zayyan I Abu Hammu I Abu Tashufin I Abu Said Uthman II Abu Thabid I Abu Hammu II Musa Abu Zayyan Muhammad II ibn Uthman Abu Tashufin II Abu Thabid II Abul Hadjdjadj I Abu Zayyan II Abu Muh I Abu Abdallah I Abd er Rahman I bin Abu Muh Said I bin Abu Tashufin Abu Malek I Abu Abdallah II Abu Abbas Ahmad I Abu Abdallah III Abu Tashufin III Abu Abdallah IV Abu Abdallah V Abu Hammu III Abu Muh II Abu Abdallah VI Abu Zayyan III Al Hassan ben Abu Muh
Ottoman governors of the Regency of Algiers (1517–1710)	Aruj Barbarossa Hayreddin Barbarossa Hasan Agha Hadji Pasha Hasan Pasha Khalifa Saffah Salah Rais Hasan Corso Muhammad Kurdogli Mehmed Tekkelerli Yusuf I Pasha Yahyia Pasha Hasan Khüsro Aga Ahmed Bostandji Ahmad Pasha Qabia Muhamad Pasha Uluç Ali Reis Mehmet Pasha Arab Ahmed Pasha Ramdan Pasha Hassan Veneziano Djafar Pasha Mami Muhammad Pasha Dali Ahmed Pasha Hızır Pasha Hadji Shaban Pasha Mustapha Pasha Daly Hassan Pasha Soliman Pasha Muhammad II the eunuch Mustapha II Pasha Rizvan Pasha Köse Mustafa Pacha Hasan IV Mustapha IV Pasha Soliman Katanya Kassan Kaid Koça Hizir Pasha Mustafa III Pasha Khüsrev Pacha Murat Pasha Hassan Khodja Yusuf II Pasha Ali Bitchin Mahmud Bursali Pacha Ahmed I Pasha Yusuf III Pasha Murad Pasha Buzenak-Muhammad Ahmed II Pasha Ibrahim Pasha Ismail Pasha Khalil Aga Ramadan Aga Shaban Aga Ali Aga Hadj Mohamed Dey Baba Hassan Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha Ahmed Sharban Hadji Ahmed ben al-Hadji Hassan Chaouch Hadji Mustapha Hussein Kodja Mohamed Bektach Deli Ibrahim
Deys of the Deylik of Algiers (1710–1830)	Ali I Muhammad III Abdy Pasha Mohammed Arslan Ibrahim III Ibrahim IV Muhammad IV Ali II Muhammad V Sidi Hassan Mustapha II Ahmed II Ali III Ali IV Mohammed Khaznadji Omar Agha Ali V Muhammad VI ben Ali Hussein Dey
Governors of French Algeria (1830–1962)	Louis-Auguste-Victor Bertrand Clauzel Pierre Berthezène Anne Jean Marie René Savary Théophile Voirol Jean-Baptiste Drouet, comte d'Erlon Bertrand Clauzel Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont Sylvain Charles Valée Thomas Robert Bugeaud Louis Juchault de Lamoricière Marie Alphonse Bedeau Henri d'Orleans Louis-Eugène Cavaignac Nicolas Théodule Changarnier Viala Charon Alphonse Henri d'Hautpoul Aimable Pélissier Jacques Louis Randon Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat Edmond-Charles de Martimprey Patrice de MacMahon François Louis Alfred Durrieu Jean Walsin-Esterhazy Henri-Gabriel Didier Charles de Bouzet Romuald Vuillermoz Alexis Lambert Louis Henri de Gueydon Antoine Chanzy Albert Grévy Louis Tirman Jules Cambon Auguste Loze Louis Lépine Édouard Laferrière Charles Jonnart Paul Révoil Maurice Varnier Charles Lutaud Jean-Baptiste Abel Théodore Steeg Henri Dubief Maurice Viollette Pierre Bordes Jules-Gaston Henri Carde Georges le Beau Jean-Marie Charles Abrial Maxime Weygand Yves-Charles Chatel Marcel-Edmond Peyrouton Georges Catroux Yves Chataigneau Marcel-Edmond Naegelen Roger Léonard Jacques Soustelle Georges Catroux Robert Lacoste André Mutter Raoul Salan Paul Albert Louis Delouvrier Jean Morin Christian Fouchet
Presidents of the Republic of Algeria (1962–present)	Abderrahmane Farès Ferhat Abbas Ahmed Ben Bella Houari Boumédiène Rabah Bitat Chadli Bendjedid Abdelmalek Benhabyles Mohamed Boudiaf Ali Kafi Liamine Zéroual Abdelaziz Bouteflika Abdelkader Bensalah Abdelmadjid Tebboune

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	Deutschland Israel Vereinigte Staaten

Revision as of 01:52, 9 July 2024

History

List of rulers

See also

References

External links